Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subject specific to a programme

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Subject specific to a programme'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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Augusti, Giuliano. "Subject-Specific Quality Assurance And Accreditation Of Engineering Education In Europe." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (2014): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cplbu-2014-0067.

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AbstractQuality Assurance (QA) of Higher Education (HE) is a major objective of the “Bologna Process”. However, QA often tends to assess more the “process” than the “contents” of the education: therefore, especially in subjects that lead towards a “profession” (“engineering” first among them), the practice of “accreditation” is also increasing throughout the world. “Accreditation” can follow the “programme” and the “institutional” approach, that are not in contrast, but can usefully complement each other. “Programme accreditation” of an engineering programme can be identified with the process “to ensure the suitability of that programme as the entry route to the engineering profession”, and defined as “pre-professional accreditation”. Recent European initiatives along these lines will be illustrated: (i) the EUR-ACE® system for the “European accreditation of engineering programmes”, (ii) the “European Alliance for Subject-Specific and Professional Accreditation and Quality Assurance” (EASPA), (iii) QUACING, the new Italian Agency for QA and Accreditation of engineering programmes.
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Syomich, Yuliya. "Content of teaching written speech to students of “Journalism” programme." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 180 (2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-180-79-89.

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The development of written speech skills of students of non-linguistic programmes should be focused on the future professional activity of graduates. We consider three approaches to foreign language teaching for professional communication: foreign language for specific purposes, integrated subject-language teaching and teaching profile disciplines in a foreign language. We conclude that integrated subject-language teaching creates the most optimal conditions to study a foreign language and profile subject content. The analysis of works on the subject content selection of teaching students of non-linguistic programmes in the framework of integrated sub-ject-language teaching allowed to distinguish the content of teaching written speech to students of “Journalism” programme, which includes invariant and variable components. The invariant part of content of written speech teaching is characteristic for most of the humanitarian programmes and includes skills development for writing personal letter, essay, structural abstract, report, and filling out questionnaire. The variable part reflecting the specifics of the journalist’s professional activities will include the development of the following skills: a) informational genres: writing chronicle of events, informational correspondence, writing notes, an information report, informational interview, coverage, necrology, blitz survey; b) analytical genres: compile analytical report, analytical survey, conduct analytical correspondence, prepare analytical interview, write material in the conversation genre, comments, reviews, articles, journalistic investigation, outlooks, material in the media review genre, forecast, analytical press release.
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��������, Anna Yakovleva, ���������, and O. Pisarenko. "Open Programme Stakeholders� Expectations � Is It Possible to Manage?" Russian Journal of Project Management 6, no. 1 (2017): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/24637.

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Problems of open programmes stakehoders� expectations, connected with benefit realization management (BRM) are considered in the article. It is revealed that programmes benefits are significantly connected with stakeholders expectations, in case of open proramme they even coincide. It is explained by the fact, that open programme stakeholders often define benfits on their own. Basing on this conclusion, recommendations directed towards integration of BRM (including stakeholders expectation) in programme management are presented. The recommendations include principles of coordination, specifics of subject area and set of documents.
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Nur Hazura Mat Rahim, Siti Maftuhah Damio, and Zarith Sofia Zaid. "Needs Analysis for Designing a Specific English Language Course for the Undergraduate Accounting Students in UPM." Insight Journal 8 (April 7, 2021): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ij.v8i0.109.

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Today’s international business scholars treat language as an issue at the heart of their subject area (Mughan 2015), as English language’s irreplaceable position as means of communication is considered essential for international businesses. Nevertheless, one of the main concerns of educational specialists is the relevance of their programmes to the graduates’ success in today’s highly competitive labour market. With that, a needs analysis study was sought to explore the English language needs of undergraduate accounting students at Universiti Putra Malaysia. A survey method was employed to 20 undergraduate accounting students for the purpose of this study. The data collected from the survey were analysed quantitatively using SPSS 22 programme. As the findings of this study pointed out, the participants prefer to be taught more in listening, speaking and writing skills as the needs for their study and future career. Henceforth, a highly structured ESP course for accounting students with integration of language skills, subject or field-special skills, derived from their needs should be designed.
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Govindasamy, Manickavasagar, and Jariah Mohd. Jan. "EFFECTS OF ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS ON MALAYSIAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS’ SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE OF LITERARY DEVICES." Malaysian Journal of Languages and Linguistics (MJLL) 6, no. 1 (2017): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/mjll.vol6iss1pp26-48.

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Previous studies in the West have shown teachers who are academically qualified in specific subjects are able to teach better than those with degrees in non-specific subjects (Goldhaber and Brewer, 1996). Such studies within the local context are limited. As such, this study examines the effects of academic qualifications on the subject matter knowledge of literary devices among secondary school English language teachers in a northern district in Malaysia. The analysis revealed that academic qualifications had significantly influenced the subject matter knowledge of literary devices and such knowledge differ significantly among the English major and English minor, TESL and KPLI or Post-graduate Teaching Programme English language teachers. Specifically, the English major language teachers had better subject matter knowledge of literary devices than the non-English major language teachers. The TESL teachers were better than the non-TESL teachers in their subject matter knowledge of literary devices. The subject matter knowledge of literary devices amongst the KPLI English language teachers was lower compared to the non-KPLI language teachers.
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Schmitt, Theo G., and Peter A. Wilderer. "Environmental engineering education in Germany." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (1996): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0332.

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The paper describes Environmental Engineering education in Germany. The dual system of engineering education is outlined having scientific-oriented programmes at university level and application-oriented programmes at ‘school of engineers’ level. The historical development of Environmental Engineering and its main topics are described as well as its common integration in the study programme of Civil Engineering. The paper then focusses on the educational programmes for Environmental Engineering itself. The organisation in a preparatory module, a basic subject module and a specialized module is discussed. Topics, special courses and the time frame of the education programmes in Environmental Engineering are presented. The programmes of 3 selected universities, Hannover, Kaiserslautern and Cottbus, are described in greater detail and their specific character is outlined.
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Feteris, Susan, and Don Hutton. "Astronomy Laboratory: What are we going to make today?" Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 17, no. 2 (2000): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as00116.

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AbstractThe workshop programme of a new first year university astronomy subject with low capital costs incorporates diverse learning experiences: planisphere, time around the world, sundial, telescope, computer simulation, planetarium, spectroscope, poster, debate, night-time observatory trip. The practical activities, used to address specific learning objectives, emerged clearly as a major strength of the subject as evaluated by the mixed student cohort.
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Banegas, Darío Luis. "Learning subject-specific content through ESP in a Geography teaching programme: An action research story in Argentina." English for Specific Purposes 50 (April 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2017.11.001.

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Saunders, Clare. "Developing researchers in the arts and humanities: lessons from a pilot programme to develop discipline‐specific research skills." International Journal for Researcher Development 1, no. 1 (2009): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1759751x201100004.

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Although increasing emphasis is placed on the provision of research training for doctoral students, much of the support currently available is generic in nature, rather than tailored to the student’s particular field(s) of study. In this paper, I briefly review UK graduate education for arts and humanities research students, and some of the ways in which the distinctive demands of their discipline(s) shape the research student experience and hence their development needs. I describe the design and delivery of a pilot programme of discipline‐specific research skills development, co‐ordinated by the Subject Centre for Philosophical and Religious Studies, which aims to address such needs; and I evaluate its success. I conclude with some recommendations for future practice; in particular, I argue that doctoral training provision is more effective when it involves a subject‐specific approach in which practising academics from the discipline(s) play a significant role – both in terms of fostering an improved level of student engagement with the programme, and of delivering training and development opportunities which are tailored to the student’s particular context and needs.
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Numgaudienė, Ariana, and Birutė Žygaitienė. "Content Analysis of Technology Teacher Training Programmes of Some European Countries." Pedagogika 113, no. 1 (2014): 112–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.1755.

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The article deals with the problems of designing and updating study programmes during the integration process of the Lithuanian education system into the European education space. After the substantial change of general programmes of Basic education(2008) and Secondary education (2011) and seeking to fully involve self-development of general cultural, subject specific, generic and specific competencies which are necessary for teachers, it is important to update the study programmes.The problem of the research: what content of technology teacher training programme should be from the innovations point of view in order to meet the expectations of the changing society.The object of the research: the innovative content of the technology teacher training programme.The aim of the research: to highlight the innovative aspects of the content of technology teacher training programmes, having performed content analysis of technology teacher training programmes of the universities of Lithuania and some European countries.Research methods:analysis of scientific literature, analysis of the programmes of universities of some European countries which provide training for technology teachers as well as the analysis of the legal acts and strategic education policy documents of the European Union and the Republic of Lithuania.Updating of the study programme of technological education is a permanent process, which is conditioned by the following factors: market economy and the needs of information society, the fact that higher education is becoming mass, penetration of humanistic ideas into the content of education as well as the valid unified study quality assessment policy in the European Union.Taking into account the recommendations of the international experts’ group and considering international changes of analogous study programmes, the Committee of Technology Pedagogics Study Programmes of Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences in cooperation with the social partners carried out a research of opinions of students, graduates, university lecturers and employers on the study quality.They also performed a comprehensive analysis of the Bachelor’s degree study programmes of some Western European universities. The analysis revealed that theoretical models of study programmes design of different European universities have similarities and differences, which are determined by the philosophical aspect, humanistic ideas and the context of the national education policy. In the research the experience of five universities from the innovations point of view was used: the University of Helsinki (Finland), Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh (Great Britain), the Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (Portugal), and the University of Iceland.The following elective subjects have been included in the study programme of technology pedagogics: pedagogical ethics, sustainable development and social welfare, educational creative projects, family health education, health promoting nutrition education, visualization of technology education, eco creations, national and global food culture, interior design, technology education for special needs students, art therapy, development of leadership competencies, formation of study archives. The hidden curriculum of the study programme of technology pedagogics is ethnic culture, ecology, project activities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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Fritzsche, Martina. "Lärares åsikter om ämnesintegrering : En studie om ämnesintegrering mellan matematik och karaktärsämnena på de yrkesförberedande programmen." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8768.

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<p>Syftet med denna rapport är att utreda vad matematik- respektive karaktärsämneslärare på yrkesprogrammen på gymnasiet anser att det finns för för- respektive nackdelar med en ämnesintegrering mellan deras ämnen. Med hjälp av en enkät har de två grupperna fått delge sina för- och nackdelar samt i vilken utsträckning de tillämpar en sådan ämnesintegrering. Enkäten användes också som underlag för en intervju som låg till grund för en beskrivning av hur ett ämnesintegrerat arbete kan gå till. Majoriteten av lärarna var positiva till att ämnesintegrera och ansåg att de tillämpade en sådan undervisning men endast ett fåtal samarbetade med sina kollegor över ämnesgränserna.</p>
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Rais, Ing-Marie, and Anna Blomqvist. "Läs- och skrivsvårigheter : Elevers upplevelser av sin studiesituation på gymnasieskolans yrkesförberedande program." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-8677.

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Den här studien vill synliggöra elever med läs- och skrivsvårigheter och deras situation på yrkes­förberedande gymnasieprogram. Studien är baserad på kvalitativa halvstruktu­rerade intervjuer med kvinnliga elever som studerar vid yrkesförberedande gymnasieprogram. Resultatet belyser det stöd och bemötande som eleverna upplever från skola, familj och kamra­ter. Ett tydligt re­sultat i denna studie är brist på information från lärare till elever om tillgängliga kompenserande hjälpmedel. I slutsatsen presenteras förslag på utvecklingsprojekt mellan be­rörda parter i skolan för att förbättra måluppfyllelsen för elever i behov av särskilt stöd.
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Muller, Jacobus Hendrik. "Modelling subject-specific patellofemoral joint dynamics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5306.

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Thesis (PhD (Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A methodology to facilitate analysis of dynamic subject-specific patellofemoral function is presented. An enhanced understanding of patellofemoral biomechanics will enable orthopaedic surgeons to identify the mechanisms responsible for imbalances in the joint stabilisers, while also providing objective information on which to base treatment methods. Dynamic patellofemoral function of three volunteers was simulated with a musculoskeletal computational model. The individuals underwent scans from which three-dimensional models of their patellofemoral joints were constructed. Skeletal muscles and soft tissue stabilisers were added to the skeletal models, after which subject-specific motion was simulated. After trochlear engagement, the patellae of the volunteers followed a lateral path, whereas patella tilt was subject-specific. Comparison of the predicted tilt and mediolateral position values at 30 degrees knee flexion to in-vivo MRI values showed a mean accuracy of 62.1 % and 96.9 % respectively. The patellofemoral contact load . quadriceps tendon load ratio varied between 0.7 and 1.3, whereas the mediolateral load component . resultant load ratio ranged between 0 and 0.4. Both parameters. values were similar to previous findings. The medial patellofemoral ligament tension decreased with knee flexion, while the patellar tendon-quadriceps tendon ratio followed a similar trend to that of previous findings (varied between 0.4 and 1.2). After induction of a tubercle osteotomy in the coronal plane, Volunteer One.s patella engaged the trochlear groove at an earlier knee flexion angle, while the patella of Volunteer Two only underwent a small medial displacement. Finite element analyses were employed to investigate the influence of the osteotomy on the patellofemoral pressure distribution. The mean pressure in Volunteer One.s patellofemoral joint was alleviated (17 % smaller) at all angles of flexion with the exception of 60 degrees (12 % greater). Pressure in Volunteer Two.s joint was alleviated at 30 and 45 degrees knee flexion (6 % smaller), while it was elevated (9.1 % greater) at other angles of flexion. Two commercial patellofemoral prostheses were tested on the three Volunteers. joints in the virtual environment. Prosthesis Two delivered patella shift and tilt patterns similar to the baseline values. Patellar tendon tension was slightly greater after resurfacing, with the tensions elevated most with Prosthesis Two. Medial patellofemoral ligament tension was reduced most with Prosthesis Two, while lateral retinaculum tension was increased slightly. Prosthesis Two was the best candidate to reproduce patella kinematics, while the patellofemoral kinetics was largely independent from the type of prosthesis used. The prostheses performed worse for Volunteer Three, supporting the need for the development of patient-specific prostheses. Three validated subject-specific musculoskeletal models facilitated the analysis of the individuals. patellofemoral biomechanics. The technique can potentially be employed by orthopaedic surgeons to visualise the change that an osteotomy or patellofemoral arthroplasty might induce on an individual.s patellofemoral joint. This technique might aid in the development of a tool to assist biomedical engineers in the development of new patellofemoral prostheses. Most importantly, the outcome of surgical intervention may be predicted beforehand, and a treatment procedure may be tailored to optimally fit the patellofemoral biomechanics of that individual.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Ondersoekmetode van die dinamiese gedrag van pasiënt-spesifieke patellofemorale gewrigte word beskryf. Indien die patellofemorale biomeganika beter verstaan word, kan ortopediese chirurge die meganismes wat verantwoordelik is vir oneffektiewe stabiliseerders identifiseer en behandeling op objektiewe bevindinge baseer. Die dinamiese patellofemorale funksie van drie vrywilligers is gesimuleer m.b.v. `n spier-skelet rekenaarmodel. Drie-dimensionele modelle van die individue se patellofemorale gewrig is gekonstrueer m.b.v. skanderings. Die skeletspiere en sagte ondersteuningsweefsel is tot die model toegevoeg, voordat vrywilliger-spesifieke beweging gesimuleer is. Die knieskywe van die vrywilligers het `n laterale pad gevolg nadat dit die groef binnegetree het, met die tiltwaardes uniek vir elke vrywilliger. Vergelyking van die beraamde knieskyf mediolaterale tilt en posisies by 30 grade fleksie met in-vivo magnetiese resonansieskandering waardes het `n akkuraatheid van 62.1 % en 96.9 % respektiewelik getoon. Die patellofemorale kontaklas-kwadriseps seningspanning verhouding het gewissel tussen 0.7 en 1.3; asook die mediale komponent – resultante komponent patellofemorale kontaklas wat gewissel het tussen 0 en 0.4. Beide parameters se waardes was soortgelyk aan voorheen-gepubliseerde data. Die mediale patellofemorale ligamentspanning het afgeneem met fleksie. Die patella sening-kwadriseps seningspanning verhouding was soortgelyk aan vorige gepubliseerde waardes en het gewissel tussen 0.4 en 1.2. Nadat 'n tuberkel-osteotomie in die koronale vlak aangebring is, het Vrywilliger Een se patella die femorale groef vroeër binnegetree. Vrywilliger Twee se patella het slegs `n mediale verskuiwing ondergaan. Eindige element analises is ingespan om die effek van die osteotomie op die spanningsverspreiding in die patellofemorale gewrig te ondersoek. Die gemiddelde spanning in Vrywilliger Een se gewrig was minder by alle hoeke van fleksie (17 % minder), met uitsondering van die spanning by 60 grade (12 % meer). Die spanning in Vrywilliger Twee se gewrig was minder by 30 en 45 grade (6 % minder), maar hoër by ander hoeke (9.1 % meer). Twee kommersiële patellofemorale prosteses is getoets op die drie Vrywilligers d.m.v. die model. Prostese Twee het die knieskyf-kinematika die beste nageboots. Die patella-seningspanning was effens groter na die vervanging. Prostese Twee het gesorg vir die grootste toename. Die mediale patellofemorale ligamentspanning was die kleinste toe Prostese Twee gebruik is, maar dit het gesorg vir effense hoër laterale retinakulumlaste. Die analises het getoon dat Prostese Twee die beste kandidaat is om die korrekte kinematika te herbewerkstellig. Die kinetika daarteenoor was onafhanklik van die tipe prostese wat gebruik is. Geeneen van die twee prosteses was geskik vir Vrywilliger Drie nie, wat as motivering vir die ontwikkeling van pasiënt-spesifieke prosteses dien. Drie bekragtigde vrywilliger-spesifieke spier-skelet modelle het die analise van patellofemorale biomeganika bewerkstellig. Die tegniek het die potensiaal om ortopediste in staat te stel om die effek van `n osteotomie of patellofemorale vervanging te visualiseer. Die tegniek kan verder gebruik word deur biomediese ingenieurs in die vervaardiging van nuwe patellofemorale prosteses. Meer belangrik is die feit dat die resultaat van chirurgiese ingryping voorspel kan word en optimale behandelingsprosedures beplan kan word vir die patellofemorale biomeganika van `n individu.
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Machlouzarides-Shalit, Antonia. "Development of subject-specific representations of neuroanatomy via a domain-specific language." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG041.

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Dans le domaine de la cartographie cérébrale, nous avons identifié le besoin d'un outil fondé sur la connaissance détaillée des sulci. Dans cette thèse, nous développons un nouvel outil de cartographie cérébrale appelé NeuroLang, qui s’appuie sur la géométrie spatiale du cerveau.Nous avons abordé cette question avec deux approches: premièrement, nous avons fermement fondé notre théorie sur la neuroanatomie classique. Deuxièmement, nous avons conçu et implémenté des méthodes pour les requêtes spécifiques au sulcus dans le langage spécifique au domaine, NeuroLang. Nous avons testé notre méthode sur 52 sujets et évalué les performances de NeuroLang pour des cartographie du cortex spécifiques à la population et au sujet. Ensuite, nous proposons une nouvelle organisation hiérarchique basée sur les données de la stabilité sulcal appuyée sur ces données.Pour conclure, nous avons résumé l'implication de notre méthode dans le domaine actuel, ainsi que notre contribution globale au domaine de la cartographie cérébrale<br>Within the field of brain mapping, we identified the need for a tool which is grounded in the detailed knowledge of individual variability of sulci. In this thesis, we develop a new brain mapping tool called NeuroLang, which utilises the spatial geometry of the brain.We approached this challenge with two perspectives: firstly, we grounded our theory firmly in classical neuroanatomy. Secondly, we designed and implemented methods for sulcus-specific queries in the domain-specific language, NeuroLang. We tested our method on 52 subjects and evaluated the performance of NeuroLang for population and subject-specific representations of neuroanatomy. Then, we present our novel, data-driven hierarchical organisation of sulcal stability.To conclude, we summarise the implication of our method within the current field, as well as our overall contribution to the field of brain mapping
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Basson, Tamsyn. "Guidelines for a sport specific Employee Assistance Programme." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-105208.

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Reimann, Nicola. "Non-continuation on an institution-wide language programme." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340618.

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Bevan, Rhodri L. T. "A locally conservative Galerkin approach for subject-specific biofluid dynamics." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42314.

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In this thesis, a parallel solver was developed for the modelling of blood flow through a number of patient-specific geometries. A locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) spatial discretisation was applied along with an artificial compressibility and characteristic based split (CBS) scheme to solve the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model was also optionally employed. The solver was constructed using FORTRAN and the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Parallel testing demonstrated linear or better than linear speedup on hybrid patient-specific meshes. These meshes were unstructured with structured boundary layers. From the parallel testing it is clear that the significance of inter-processor communication is negligible in a three dimensional case. Preliminary tests on a short patient-specific carotid geometry demonstrated the need for ten or more boundary layer meshes in order to sufficiently resolve the peak wall shear stress (WSS) along with the peak time-averaged WSS. A time sensitivity study was also undertaken along with the assessment of the order of the real time step term. Three backward difference formulae (BDF) were tested and no significant difference between them was detected. Significant speedup was possible as the order of time discretisation increased however, making the choice of BDF important in producing a timely solution. Followed by the preliminary investigation, four more carotid geometries were investigated in detail. A total of six haemodynamic wall parameters have been brought together to analyse the regions of possible atherogenesis within each carotid. The investigations revealed that geometry plays an overriding influence on the wall parameter distribution. Each carotid artery displayed high time-averaged WSS at the apex, although the value increased significantly with a proximal stenosis. Two out of four meshes contained a region of low time-averaged WSS distal to the flow divider and within the largest connecting artery (internal or external carotid artery), indicating a potential region of atherosclerosis plaque formation. The remaining two meshes already had a stenosis in the corresponding region. This is in excellent agreement with other established works. From the investigations, it is apparent that a classification system of stenosis severity may be possible with potential application as a clinical diagnosis aid. Finally, the flow within a thoracic aortic aneurysm was investigated in order to assess the influence of a proximal folded neck. The folded neck had a significant effect on the wall shear stress, increasing by up to 250% over an artificially smoothed neck. High wall shear stresses may be linked to aneurysm rupture. Being proximal to the aneurysm, this indicated that local geometry should be taken into account when assessing the rupture potential of an aneurysm.
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Yeung, Ka-po, and 楊嘉寶. "An evaluation of a supplemental instruction programme in a business statistics subject." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30250870.

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Oberhofer, Katja. "Anatomically-based, subject-specific modelling of lower limb motion during gait." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5444.

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Nardini, Fabrizio <1985&gt. "Subject Specific Knee Joint Modelling Based on In Vivo Clinical Data." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7588/.

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The knee is one of the most complex and studied joint of the musculoskeletal system provided its great importance in locomotion. Therefore, a deep understanding of its behaviour and of the role played by each of the structures composing it is fundamental. Knee joint models are an invaluable tool to understand the behaviour of the knee and their usefulness is proved in many fields such as surgical planning and prosthetic design. A huge amount of models has been proposed in the literature focusing on the kinematic, the kinetostatic and the dynamic behavior of the joint. Models can be based on in vivo or in vitro data. While the kinematic and the kinetostatic models are defined properly on in vitro data, the dynamic ones cannot. This discrepancy leads to a gap, a lack of coherence, between the usually in vitro defined kinematic and kinetostatic models and the study of the active structures of the joint. In order to achieve a comprehensive knee joint description in which the kinematic, kinetostatic and dynamic models coherently stem one from the other, the identification of a procedure that allows to obtaining reliable kinematic and kinetostatic models in vivo is needed. In the present dissertation a procedure is defined that allows for the identification of a subject specific knee joint model in vivo starting from standard clinical data obtained by the use of non invasive techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluoroscopy. This procedure leads to an accurate identification of the parameters needed to personalize the 5-5 parallel mechanism and its patello-femoral extension on a single patient in order to accurately reply the knee joint original motion. Furthermore, following the sequential approach to the modelling of the joint, a stiffness model of the knee is specialized on the specific subject's anatomy.
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Books on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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O'Brien, Tom. In the hall: A set of mathematical games for use with a group of children in the school hall or playground, investigating number and shape through physical movement. BEAM, 1998.

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Deane, Sian. The Peter Punk programme: Developing self-esteem, citizenship, PSHE and literacy skills for key stages 1 and 2 in the literacy hour. Lucky Duck Publishing, 2002.

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1926-, White Ruth, ed. Teaching nursing: A self-instructional handbook. 2nd ed. Singular Pub. Group, 1996.

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Ewan, Christine E. Teaching nursing: A self-instructional handbook. Chapman and Hall, 1989.

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Bonnie, Holder, ed. Bookwebs: A brainstorm of ideas for the primary classroom. Teacher Ideas Press, 1994.

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A, Albany Eric, ed. Mathematics through art & design, 6-13. Unwin Hyman, 1988.

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Wendon, Lyn. Letterland programme one. Collins Educational, 1997.

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Buss, Kathleen. Creating a classroom newspaper. International Reading Association, 2000.

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1947-, Meyer Maggie, and Wertz Susan 1948-, eds. Discovering the naturalist intelligence: Science in the school yard. Zephyr Press, 1999.

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Hannah, Thomas, ed. Small wonders: Nature education for young children. Vermont Institute of Natural Science, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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van Rijen, Jeroen. "Subject and Programme." In Aspects of Aristotle’s Logic of Modalities. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2651-6_1.

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Cottrell, Stella. "Choosing your subject and programme." In You2Uni. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-02243-1_7.

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Backhaus, Johannes Ph. "Subject-Specific Anchor: (Global) Citizenship Education." In Citizen Consciousness in Cambodia. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30879-7_6.

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Fleischmann, Albert, Werner Schmidt, Christian Stary, Stefan Obermeier, and Egon Börger. "Organization-Specific Implementation of Subject-Oriented Processes." In Subject-Oriented Business Process Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32392-8_9.

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Schütte, Marcus. "Subject-Specific Academic Language Versus Mathematical Discourse." In Language and Communication in Mathematics Education. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75055-2_3.

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Pusparum, Murih, Gökhan Ertaylan, and Olivier Thas. "From Population to Subject-Specific Reference Intervals." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50423-6_35.

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Prillwitz, Siegmund, and Rolf Schulmeister. "A Computer Dictionary for Subject Specific Signs." In Interactive Learning Technology for the Deaf. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58024-6_17.

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Cantos, Pascual, and Nila Vázquez. "7. Subject specific vocabulary in astronomy texts." In Astronomy ‘playne and simple’. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.173.07can.

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Wang, Lichao, Karim Lekadir, Ismail EI-Hamamsy, Magdi Yacoub, and Guang-Zhong Yang. "Subject Specific Shape Modeling with Incremental Mixture Models." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15699-1_3.

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Fernandez, J., P. Hunter, V. Shim, and K. Mithraratne. "A Subject-Specific Framework to Inform Musculoskeletal Modeling: Outcomes from the IUPS Physiome Project." In Patient-Specific Computational Modeling. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4552-0_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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Feng, Yu, and Clement Kleinstreuer. "Transport and Deposition of Ellipsoidal Fibers in Subject-Specific Lung Airways." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87032.

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Fine to ultrafine materials, such as spherical particles and fibers with their diverse applications ranging from cosmetics, cleaners and composites to nanomedicine are increasingly ubiquitous in the air we breathe. For example, the unique lung deposition patterns of nanoparticles and their ease-of-migration into the blood stream may cause severe health problems, as discussed by Oberdoerster et al. (2005). In contrast, multifunctional nanoparticles as well as micron fibers are also being used as drug carriers for cancer treatment (Zhang et al., 2011). While the transport and deposition of spherical nanoparticles has been analyzed (Kleinstreuer and Zhang, 2010; among others), the fate of ellipsoidal particles in subject-specific lung airways has hardly been addressed. In this study, the Euler-Lagrange fluid-particle modeling approach (i.e., the Discrete Phase Method solver) has been employed in Fluent 13.0 (ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA). User-supplied C-programs have been added to simulate ellipsoidal fibers transport and orientation effects. The computer simulation model has been validated for fiber transport and deposition in a circular tube (Tian et al., 2012). Additionally, transitional airflow patterns were analyzed and local deposition efficiencies compared for spherical particles and fibers in a realistic human respiratory system. The capability of ellipsoidal fibers migrating into deeper lung regions was indicated and fiber deposition “hot spots” were discussed. The numerical results expand the basic understanding of the dynamics of non-spherical particles in realistic shear flows, and can be used to investigate the fate of inhaled toxic or therapeutic materials.
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Li, Zhigang, Jingwen Hu, and Jinhuan Zhang. "Comparison of Different Radial Basis Functions in Developing Subject-Specific Infant Head Finite Element Models for Injury Biomechanics Study." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80162.

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Developing a subject-specific finite element (FE) model, especially with only high quality hexahedral solid elements and quadrilateral shell elements, is very time-consuming. Recently, template-based mesh morphing method has become popular to construct subject-specific FE models, in which a baseline FE mesh can be morphed into a FE model with subject-specific geometry. Because the mesh morphing algorithm could be programmed and run automatically, it is a very promising method for future applications of subject-specific FE models in injury biomechanics studies. Radial Basis Function (RBF) as a powerful spatial interpolation method has already been used as a mesh morphing method (1). The types of RBFs can affect the morphed mesh quality and geometry accuracy in the RBF method. However, to date, no previous study has tried to compare the differences generated by different RBFs. Therefore, in this study, different RBFs were used to morph a baseline infant head FE model into 10 different subject-specific infant head FE models based on CT images from 10 children aged from 0 to 3 months. The mesh quality and geometry accuracy of the subject-specific models generated by different RBFs were compared using statistic analysis.
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McTeer, Jennifer, Jenny Morris, Stephen Wickham, Matthew Buckley, Elizabeth Kay, and Ciara Walsh. "Upstream Optioneering: Optimising Higher Activity Waste Management." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96329.

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The Upstream Optioneering project was created by the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) Radioactive Waste Management Directorate (RWMD) to support the development and implementation of opportunities to optimise the management of UK higher activity waste, spent fuel and other materials that may be disposed of in a geological disposal facility. The project works in an integrative manner with the NDA, RWMD and waste producers, and was split into three phases: • In Phase 1 waste management opportunities were identified and collated from across the NDA estate. • In Phase 2, opportunities collated during Phase 1, were further consolidated, analysed and prioritised to develop a three year work programme. Prioritisation ensured that resources were deployed appropriately and opportunities can be realised before the potential benefit diminishes. • Phase 3, which began in April 2012, comprises a three year work programme to address the prioritised opportunities. Work varies from direct implementation of opportunities to scoping studies that may pave the way for more detailed subsequent work by Site Licence Companies. The work programme is flexible and, subject to change control, varies depending on the needs of project sponsors (RWMD, NDA Strategy and NDA Delivery). This paper provides an overview of the Upstream Optioneering project (focusing particularly on Phases 2 and 3), summarises work carried out to date within the three year work programme, and provides some examples of the main findings concerning specific opportunities from Year One of the Phase 3 work programme.
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Deakin, Barry. "Model Tests in Support of the Design of a 50 Meter Barque." In SNAME 13th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1997-005.

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This paper describes a programme of model tests and computer predictions which was designed to assist in the selection of a hull design for a new ship, and ensure that it would meet the owner's requirements. Whilst that is a common requirement of model tests, this case was unusual because the subject was a 50 metre wooden sailing ship for disabled crews, and a choice had to be made with regard to a wide range of operational requirements. The paper describes the background to the project, the scope of the testing, the presentation of the results, and their implications for the design. A general outline of the whole project is given, rather than details of specific tests or results, because of the dual limitations of space and confidentiality to the client, Tony Castro Ltd. It is hoped that the paper will provide an illustration of the range of investigations which are now available to assist in the design stages of any sailing vessel.
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Boyer, Katherine, Jonathan Rylander, Thomas Andriacchi, and Gary Beaupre. "Inter-Subject Variability in Ground Reaction Force - Walking Speed Relationship Is Related to Different Motion of the Center of Mass." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206707.

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Walking programs provide an attractive intervention to address the preservation of bone mass in the aging population. Research suggests one in three women and one in five men over 50 will experience fractures due to osteoporosis [1,2]. Bone is a mechanically modulated tissue and thus, training programs that prescribe physical activities that dynamically load the skeleton through either muscle contractions (strength training) or locomotion (walking/running) would be expected to have a positive influence on bone mineral density (BMD) preservation. However, attempts to implement activity programs in populations at risk for developing osteoporosis to accrue or simply preserve bone mass have had limited success [3] due to a variable response between subjects. It has been suggested that the failure of these programs to significantly influence bone mass or density may be due to individual differences in the loads generated by the prescribed exercise regimes and/or the knowledge of specific types, intensities and volumes needed for effective osteogenic exercise. Walking, a simple, common activity, presents an interesting opportunity to examine the potential for individual differences in the style of walking to explain the variability in individual results to training programs designed to preserve bone density.
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Pernía-Espinoza, Alpha, Enrique Sodupe-Ortega, Fco Javier Martinez-de-Pison-Ascacibar, Ruben Urraca-Valle, Javier Antoñanzas-Torres, and Andres Sanz-García. "Assessment of microproject-based teaching/learning (MicroPBL) experience in industrial engineering degrees." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5167.

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An assessment program to evaluate microproject-based teaching/learning (MicroPBL) methodology on the technical subject ‘Manufacturing Technology’ was implemented for four consecutive academic years. Students from three different engineering degrees were involved providing feedback through different surveys that allowed us to perform a proper evaluation. More specifically, students’ surveys were anonymous after each academic year, except the last one, in which non-anonymous pre and post-surveys were conducted. The surveys were meant to evaluate the acquisition of specific competences (using technical questions about the subject) as well as generic competences (using questions concerning soft-skills). We also checked the students’ satisfaction with the methodology and with the signature in general. Using non-anonymous surveys allowed us to correlate results with the student’s final scores. Students’ self-assessment concerning their knowledge about technical aspects drastically changed after the course. The average of the subject’s final score from student’s perception was slightly higher than the actual value. Student’s self-perception on soft-skills was also increased at the end of the course. The MicroPBL methodology demonstrated beneficial for the case of this technical subject as it maintained high motivation levels in students, which were directly related to students’ success rates and final scores.
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Ornellas, Adriana. "Defining a taxonomy of employability skills for 21st-century higher education graduates." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8197.

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This paper aims to discuss the theoretical development and the practical validation of a taxonomy of skills for boosting new graduates employability at Higher Education Institutions (HEI). The taxonomy was developed within the framework of the project Skill Up: Matching graduates' skills and labour world demands through authentic learning scenario. The project, funded by the Erasmus+ programme of the European Union, is a strategic partneship in the field of Higher Education (HE) that involves six partners (four universities, a VET school and an employer representative) from three European countries (Spain, Sweden and Germany). For the definition and validation of the taxonomy two methods were applied: a) a literature review of studies and reports that in recent years have established different frameworks and lists of skills crucial for HE graduates to acquire; b) an asynchronous online focus group involving various stakeholders (undergraduates, graduates, employers' representatives, lecturers and counsellors) to validate the taxonomy. The paper presents the resulting list of employability skills sorted into four clusters: cognitive, methodological, social and subject-specific.
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Kakkonen, Marja-Liisa. "Development of business students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship between 2017–2018." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9213.

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Entrepreneurial competences consist of attitudes, knowledge and entrepreneurial skills. In the autum 2017, a new curriculum emphasizing entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial behavior was launched in the business department of a Finnish university of applied sciences. In order to verify the development, a follow-up study with three annual sub-studies was planned to examine students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship, generic competences and subject-specific competences of entrepreneurship during the degree studies.This article presents the results of the development of the students' entrepreneurial attitudes between the first and third semester. According to the findings, the attitudes towards entrepreneurship were quite positive in the beginning of the studies, and it seems that they remained at the same level during one year. Based on the findings, as a practical implication there is a need for monitoring pedagogigal approaches and methods of the programme to make sure that they support enough the development of entrepreneurial attitudes. The entire development of entrepreneurial competences will be revealed by the next annual studies.Keywords: Attitudes; Entrepreneurship; Business students; Perceptions
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"Subject index." In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.subjectindex.

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Hussain, Farhat Naz, Alesha Smith, and Kyle John Wilby. "Awareness of Disabilities in Pharmacy Program Recruitment Material: Are we doing Enough?" In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0116.

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Introduction: Targeted recruitment of students with disabilities is a novel area in pharmacy education and may help to attract qualified students in light of decreasing applicant numbers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the visibility of disabilities within online recruitment material for pharmacy programs and to determine the location of targeted information available to prospective students with disabilities. Methods: The top 50 ranked programs offering a professional pharmacy degree under the Pharmacy and Pharmacology QS subject rankings were identified and included if recruitment material was published in English. Online recruitment material was reviewed for presence of persons with disabilities in photos, presence or description of persons with disabilities in videos, information specific to disabilities on the program website, and information specific to disabilities on the university website (if not located on the program website). Results: For inclusion, 41 out of 50 pharmacy schools met the criteria. No institutions displayed visual student disabilities in pictures or videos of recruitment material. Overall, the majority of institutions (88%) provided information for prospective students with disabilities. The type of information offered was highly variable across institutions. Of the top 50 pharmacy schools in the USA, 85% have information on student disability through the pharmacy homepage and 75% of institutions in Europe provided information through the university homepage. Interestingly, 62.5% of schools in Asia did not provide student disability information. Conclusions: Recruitment material for pharmacy degree programs should be current, inclusive, and reflective of student populations eligible to be admitted. This study found a distinct underrepresentation of students with disabilities and information pertaining to disabilities within recruitment material for a sample of international pharmacy programs.( *This study has now been published. Hussain FN, Smith A, Wilby K. The Visibility of Disabilities within Pharmacy Program Recruitment Material. INNOVATIONS in pharmacy. 2020;11(3). doi: https://doi.org/10.24926/iip.v11i3.3339.)
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Reports on the topic "Subject specific to a programme"

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Bridges, Todd, Jeffrey King, Jonathan Simm, et al. Overview : International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41945.

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The application of natural and nature‑based features (NNBF) has grown steadily over the past 20 years, supported by calls for innovation in flood risk management (FRM) and nature‑based solutions from many different perspectives and organizations. Technical advancements in support of NNBF are increasingly the subject of peer‑reviewed and other technical literature. A variety of guidance has been published by numerous organizations to inform program‑level action and technical practice for specific types of nature‑based solutions. This effort to develop international guidelines on the use of NNBF was motivated by the need for a comprehensive guide that draws directly on the growing body of knowledge and experience from around the world to inform the process of conceptualizing, planning, designing, engineering, constructing, and operating NNBF.
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Anderson, Lowell A., Neal Black, Thomas J. Hagerty, John P. Kluge, and Paul L. Sundberg. Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s Disease) and Its Eradication: A Review of the U.S. Experience. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7207242.aphis.

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This report has been written to serve as a history of the U.S. Aujeszky’s Disease (Pseudorabies) Eradication Program and as a guide when future disease eradication programs are considered. The report provides an overview of the program and its history and is generally nontechnical, with specific sections written by subject matter experts. The information was compiled during 2007, three years after the last four States qualified for Stage V (Free) Status. This eradication effort was formally initiated in 1989. The contents of this report include a variety of information that represents the viewpoints of individuals participating in the eradication effort. To introduce the challenge of pseudorabies (PRV), the report covers characteristics of the virus and the history of the disease in the United States, followed by the emergence of virulent strains in the 1970s that coincided with management changes in the swine industry. The report also discusses early attempts at PRV control, vaccines, and diagnostic tools, and then reviews various pilot projects, individual State experiences, and national debate on the pros and cons of eradication versus control. In addition, the report offers details on the evolution and acceptance of a national eradication program, including debate among industry and State/Federal officials, funding, testing protocols, cleanup plans, and the development of gene-deleted vaccines and their complementary tests. The ongoing threat of reintroduction from feral swine and emergency response plans are also included. Lastly, the technical coordinators have included a chapter on lessons learned from our various viewpoints on the eradication effort.
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Seus, Sarah, and Susanne Buehrer. How to Evaluate a Transition-Oriented Funding Programme? Lessons Learned from the Evaluation of FONA, the German Framework Programme to Promote Sustainability Research. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.515.

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This article is based on the evaluation of the German research funding programme “FONA - Forschung für Nachhaltigkeit” (Research for Sustainability.) It reflects upon the methodological challenges confronting the evaluation. These challenges result from the specific objectives and design of the FONA programme (a strategic portfolio of heterogenious interventions). FONA’s ambition is to fund activities under the emerging field of ‘sustainability research’. The core characteristics of sustainability research are: interdisciplinary and trans-disciplinary research processes; orientation towards transferring the research results (into society) and the interdependency with a wider system and global perspective.
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Cechinel, Clovis, and Joao Alberto Martins Rodrigues. ASSOCIATION OF DELIRIUM AND FRAGILITY IN HOSPITALIZED ELDERLY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0022.

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Review question / Objective: What is the relationship between delirium and frailty in hospitalized elderly people? The objective of this research is to analyze the association between frailty and delirium in hospitalized elderly people, through a systematic literature review. Condition being studied: Frailty and delirium in hospitalized aged. Information sources: A specific search strategy for the language of each database was developed using, initially, the Medical Subject Headings (MEsH) descriptor and later translated to specific descriptors (Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS) and Embase Subject Headings (Emtree)). The search strategy will be applied by the researchers in the MEDLINE databases through the Pubmed Portal; Scielo; VHL; EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science through the CAPES Journal Portal; CENTRAL via Cochrane.
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Murphy, Pamela, ed. IEA SHC Annual Report 2020. IEA SHC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-ar-2021-0001.

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The IEA Technology Collaboration Programme was created with a belief that the future of energy security and sustainability starts with global collaboration. The TCP is made up of thousands of experts across government, academia, and industry dedicated to advancing common research and the application of specific energy technologies.
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Schneider, Sarah, Daniel Wolf, and Astrid Schütz. Workshop for the Assessment of Social-Emotional Competences : Application of SEC-I and SEC-SJT. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49180.

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The modular workshop offers a science-based introduction to the concept of social-emotional competences. It focuses on the psychological assessment of such competences in in institutions specialized in the professional development of people with learning disabilities. As such, the workshop is primarily to be understood as an application-oriented training programme for professionals who work in vocational education and use (or teach the usage of) the assessment tools SEC-I and SEC-SJT (Inventory and Situational Judgment Test for the assessment of social-emotional competence in young people with (sub-) clinical cognitive or psychological impairment) which were developed at the University of Bamberg. The workshop comprises seven subject areas that can be flexibly put together as required: theoretical basics and definitions of social-emotional competence, the basics of psychological assessment, potential difficulties in its use, usage of the self-rating scale, the situational judgment test, the observer-rating scale, and objective observation of behaviour. The general aim of this workshop is to learn how to use and apply the assessment tools in practical settings.
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Zakharov, P. A. The concept of the activities of officials of border authorities in the conduct of an administrative investigation in cases of administrative offenses. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2074-1944-2021-0468.

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. In this article, based on the analysis of the main elements of the activities of officials of border agencies in the conduct of administrative investigation in cases of administrative offenses, its general and specific characteristics are highlighted, which together allowed the author to propose a definition of the investigated type of activity. Not only the current legal regulation in the field of application of the administrative investigation specified in Article 28.7 of the Administrative Code, but also the inconsistency of the emerging scientific-categorical apparatus of the affected subject area are subjected to critical consideration.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Defining and Measuring Diplomatic Influence. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.032.

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This review found no sources of straightforward indicators for use in measuring diplomatic influence. The literature and evaluations found to recommend the use of tailor-made evaluations to account for “differences in diplomatic settings, diplomatic activities and policy fields”. They hinge on developing a theory of change alongside questions and evaluation criteria that are context-specific. They rely on assessing intermediate goals as a ‘proxy’ for the immeasurable long-term influence, and causal contributions (contributed to a result) rather than causal attributions (caused a result). It was also frequently mentioned that programme designers tend to design programmes to support diplomatic influence without specific and measurable objectives because influencing processes are by nature non-linear. In these cases, evaluations will be correspondingly unable to provide specific and measurable indicators of achievement.
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Herbert, Siân. Donor Support to Electoral Cycles. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.043.

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This rapid literature review explains the stages of an election cycle, and how donors provide support to electoral cycles. It draws mainly on policy guidance websites and papers due to the questions of this review and the level of analysis taken (global-level, donor-level). It focuses on publications from the last five years, and/or current/forthcoming donor strategies. The electoral cycle and its stages are well-established policy concepts for which there is widespread acceptance and use. Donor support to electoral cycles (through electoral assistance and electoral observation) is extremely widespread, and the dominant donors in this area are the multilateral organisations like the United Nations (UN) and the European Union (EU), and also the United States (US). While almost all bilateral donors also carry out some work in this area, “almost all major electoral support programmes are provided jointly with international partners” (DFID, 2014, p.5). Bilateral donors may provide broader support to democratic governance initiatives, which may not be framed as electoral assistance, but may contribute to the wider enabling environment. All of the donors reviewed in this query emphasise that their programmes are designed according to the local context and needs, and thus, beyond the big actors - EU, UN and US, there is little overarching information on what the donors do in this area. While there is a significant literature base in the broad area of electoral support, it tends to be focussed at the country, programme, or thematic, level, rather than at the global, or donor, level taken by this paper. There was a peak in global-level publications on this subject around 2006, the year the electoral cycle model was published by the European Commission, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This review concludes by providing examples of the electoral assistance work carried out by five donors (UN, EU, US, UK and Germany).
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Bilovska, Natalia. HYPERTEXT: SYNTHESIS OF DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS MEDIA MESSAGE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11104.

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In the article we interpret discrete and continuous message as interrupted and constant, limited and continual text, which has specific features and a number of differences between traditional (one-dimensional) text and hypertext (multidimensional). The purpose of this study is to define the concept of “hypertext”, consideration of its characteristics and features of the structure, similarities and differences with the traditional text, including the message in the media and communication. To achieve the goal of the study, we used a number of methods typical of journalism. Empirical analysis enabled a generalized description of the subject of study, which allowed to know it as a phenomenon. With the help of generalization the characteristic and specific regularities and principles of hypertext were studied. The system method is used to identify the dependence of each element of hypertext on its place in the text system as a whole. The retrospective method helped to understand the preconditions for the emergence of hypertext, to trace the dynamics of its development. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) made it possible to formulate the conclusions of the study. Thanks to hypertext and the hypertext systems, the concept of virtual reality has gained tangible meaning. In hypertext space, virtuality organically complements reality. The state of virtuality, in this case, becomes the concept of hyperreality, and all this merges into a single whole in the space of computer text. Due to its volume and multidimensionality, hypertext can arouse scientific interest as an interdisciplinary discipline. In today’s world, the phenomenon of hypertext has been the subject of numerous discussions, conferences and research in the field of social communications, linguistics and psychology. Today, a significant number of organizations conduct large-scale research based on the concepts of hypertext associations and associative navigation.
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