Journal articles: 'Subject-verb agreement'

1

Roets, Lois. "GCT Review: Subject/Verb Agreement." Gifted Child Today Magazine 10, no. 3 (May 1987): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107621758701000321.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hudson, Richard. "Subject–verb agreement in English." English Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (November 1999): 173–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674399000210.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper rejects the standard view according to which every tensed verb in English agrees with its subject in person and number. It argues that person is irrelevant to all verbs except BE, and that past-tense verbs and modals (other than BE) have no number agreement features. It discusses agreement mismatches which reflect the subject's meaning, but rejects the idea that subject–verb agreement may be a semantic rule; it proposes instead a new feature ‘agreement-number’. This extra number feature applies only to the subject of a tensed verb and by default has the same value as the subject's ordinary number, while also allowing various kinds of mismatch (for I and you, and for cases of ‘semantic’ agreement). It also offers analyses of agreement with non-nominal subjects and dummy there, and shows how the analysis for Standard English generalizes easily to a range of variations found in nonstandard dialects. The theoretical basis for the analysis is Word Grammar, whose main advantage is that features are free to be assigned by rule because they are not used in classification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

King, Ruth. "Subject-verb agreement in Newfoundland French." Language Variation and Change 6, no. 3 (October 1994): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001678.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTIn Newfoundland French the verb does not agree in number with a plural subject in one particular construction–subject relative clauses–but rather displays default singular marking. Agreement is made with the subject relative pronoun, which does not have a morphological feature for number associated with it. This absence of a number feature results in a form consistently spelled out as homophonous with the third-person singular. Gender agreement transmitted in subject relatives containing a predicate adjective is evidence that number marking is at issue, not agreement in general. An exception to this pattern is the (variable) marking of plural agreement in the il y en a construction, explained in terms that are independent from the analysis of the default singular. Newfoundland French agreement is then compared with data from other French varieties, and the approach taken in this study is compared with those of other studies of grammatical variation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Nicol, J. L., K. I. Forster, and C. Veres. "Subject–Verb Agreement Processes in Comprehension." Journal of Memory and Language 36, no. 4 (May 1997): 569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.2497.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Susfenti, N. Erna Marlia. "STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN USING SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT." Journal of English Language Teaching and Literature (JELTL) 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/jeltl.v3i2.967.

Full text

Abstract:

This research was aimed at investigating the Students’ Ability in Using Subject- Verb Agreement and the error made by the students in using subject-verb agreement. The writers was used the deductive approach to minimize the errors on learning grammar process and improving their ability in using subject-verb agreement. The students ability in using subject-verb agreement was categorized into the poor categories with 17 students and followed by very poor categories with 8 students from 34 students are there in the class. This research also found some causes of the students error while learning the grammar structure especially subject-verb agreement. The error occurred while learning subject verb agreement was on intralingua error like, false analogy and misanalysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hartsuiker, Robert J., Inés Antón-Méndez, and Marije van Zee. "Object Attraction in Subject-Verb Agreement Construction." Journal of Memory and Language 45, no. 4 (November 2001): 546–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2787.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Aristia, Jane, Alicia Fasquel, Laurent Ott, and Angèle Brunellière. "Understanding same subject-verb agreement differently: ERP evidence for flexibility in processing representations involved in French subject-verb agreement." Journal of Neurolinguistics 63 (August 2022): 101067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2022.101067.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Duffield, Cecily Jill. "Conceptual effects on agreement: A corpus study of mismatch in English copular constructions." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 3 (April 8, 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.575.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on the production of subject-verb agreement has focused on the features of the subject rather than the larger construction in which subject-verb agreement is produced or how the conceptual relationship between subjects and predicates may interact in affecting subject-verb agreement patterns. This corpus study describes subject-verb number agreement mismatch in English copular constructions which take the frame of (SEMANTICALLY LIGHT) N + [REL] + COP + (SPECIFIC) PRED NOM, where the copula reflects the grammatical number of the predicate. Results suggest that speakers make use of conceptual information from the entire construction, and not just the subject, when formulating agreement morphology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Feiz, Aazam, and Wind Cowles. "Object attraction effects during subject-verb agreement in Persian." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 72, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021818769567.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject-verb agreement provides insight into how grammatical and semantic features interact during sentence production, and prior studies have found attraction errors when an intervening local noun is grammatically part of the subject. Two major types of theories have emerged from these studies: control based and competition-based. The current study used an subject-object-verb language with optional subject-verb agreement, Persian, to test the competition-based hypothesis that intervening object nouns may also cause attraction effects, even though objects are not part of the syntactic relationship between the subject and verb. Our results, which did not require speakers to make grammatical errors, show that objects can be attractors for agreement, but this effect appears to be dependent on the type of plural marker on the object. These results support competition-based theories of agreement production, in which agreement may be influenced by attractors that are outside the scope of the subject-verb relationship.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Li, Bingzhi, Guillaume Wisniewski, and Benoît Crabbé. "Assessing the Capacity of Transformer to Abstract Syntactic Representations: A Contrastive Analysis Based on Long-distance Agreement." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 11 (2023): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00531.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Many studies have shown that transformers are able to predict subject-verb agreement, demonstrating their ability to uncover an abstract representation of the sentence in an unsupervised way. Recently, Li et al. (2021) found that transformers were also able to predict the object-past participle agreement in French, the modeling of which in formal grammar is fundamentally different from that of subject-verb agreement and relies on a movement and an anaphora resolution. To better understand transformers’ internal working, we propose to contrast how they handle these two kinds of agreement. Using probing and counterfactual analysis methods, our experiments on French agreements show that (i) the agreement task suffers from several confounders that partially question the conclusions drawn so far and (ii) transformers handle subject-verb and object-past participle agreements in a way that is consistent with their modeling in theoretical linguistics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Gillespie, Maureen, and Neal J. Pearlmutter. "Against structural constraints in subject–verb agreement production." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 39, no. 2 (2013): 515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Haskell, Todd R., and Maryellen C. MacDonald. "Conflicting cues and competition in subject–verb agreement." Journal of Memory and Language 48, no. 4 (May 2003): 760–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-596x(03)00010-x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Vigliocco, Gabriella, Brian Butterworth, Carlo Semenza, and Sabrina Fossella. "How two aphasic speakers construct subject—Verb agreement." Journal of Neurolinguistics 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0911-6044(94)90003-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kaiser, Elsi. "Referential effects on verb agreement: Finnish numeral-noun constructions." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 1 (December 29, 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v1i0.5388.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper explores seemingly puzzling subject-verb agreement patterns with Finnish numeral noun constructions (NNCs, e.g. three birds) in subject position, which can occur with singular or plural verbs. This alternation is not predicted by current theories. Building on properties of Finnish independent of NNCs, I argue that the Finnish data can be reconciled with prior analyses if we analyze verb number marking as dependent on referential properties of the NNC. I suggest that NNCs with singular verbs do not involve agreement, but rather a default verb form that surfaces in contexts involving existential construal, while NNCs with plural verbs are a true case of (semantic) agreement. According to my analysis, the lack of subject-verb agreement with existentially-interpreted NNCs is related to the fact that, more generally, existentially-construed subjects do not trigger verb agreement in Finnish (which presumably stems from their underlying syntactic position, given the discourse-configurational nature of Finnish). By arguing that subject-verb agreement in Finnish NNCs is variable and depends on existential vs. definite construals, while agreement patterns in the nominal domain are more rigid, these data pose a challenge to attempts to unify agreement mechanisms in the verbal and nominal domains.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Sirait, Lisbeth. "SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT ERRORS IN THE NARRATIVE WRITING OF THE FIRST SEMESTER OF ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY." DIALEKTIKA: JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN BUDAYA 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/dia.v9i1.4023.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study aimed at identifying the subject-verb agreement errors in 15 students’ narrative writing of the first semester of English literature. Descriptive qualitative method was used in conducting this study. The data of the study were collected through the use of The Pear Film as the instrument. The data obtained through the instrument were analyzed by classifying the errors into rules of Subject Verb Agreement(SVA) proposed by Azar (2003). The result of data analysis showed that error on the singular subject takes singular verb was 35 sentences. It was followed by plural subject takes a plural verb 6 sentences, sometimes phrases come between a subject and a verb. These phrases do not affect the agreement of the subject and verb 3 sentences, There + be + subject 3 sentences and collective nouns 2 sentences. Based on these findings, it is suggested to the teachers of English to use many various teaching methodologies to help the students understand the SVA rules and apply them in their studies. Key words: subject verb agreement, error, narrative, writing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

RUBINO, REJANE B., and JULIAN M. PINE. "Subject–verb agreement in Brazilian Portuguese: what low error rates hide." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 1 (February 1998): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000997003310.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focuses on the acquisition of subject–verb agreement in Brazilian Portuguese. A quantitative analysis of the data produced by a Brazilian child between the ages of 3;02.07 and 3;04.08 is presented. The overall error rate is low. However, a further and more detailed analysis reveals important contrasts both in the frequency of production of different verb inflections (as regards the person/number variables within the verb morphological system) and in the rate of subject–verb agreement errors associated with them. Our findings not only suggest that subject–verb agreement may be acquired piecemeal, but also that the learning of particular verb inflections may itself be a gradual process. Alternatives to the idea of rule-governed production – such as the child's reproducing frozen subject–verb strings previously produced by adults and blending different frozen strings into novel combinations – are discussed as processes which can shed some light on the pattern of both erroneous and correct production shown by this child.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

B. RUEDA, ROGER. "Subject-Verb Agreement Errors and Performance of the Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies (BAELS) Students: An Input for the Development of A Remediation Program." International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 4, no. 3 (September 19, 2022): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54476/ioer-imrj/89928.

Full text

Abstract:

The researcher examined the subject-verb agreement errors made by the forty (40) Guimaras State College BAELS students in the second semester of the school year 2021-2022 using a descriptive research design. The test-retest was performed on thirty (30) Bachelor of Science in Criminology students of the Guimaras State College—as pilot participants. Calculating the error rates gave an overall impression of subject-verb agreement rules. The subject-verb agreement errors did not differ by sex or year for BAELS students, whose academic performance varied by year, but had an effect on the BAELS students’ performance. The subject-verb agreement is difficult for students, especially with certain indefinite pronouns which take a singular verb, compound subjects joined by “and” which require a plural verb, in compound affirmative and negative subjects, where the verb agrees with the positive subjects, and compound subjects connected by coordinating conjunctions which require number and person agreement between the verb and the closest subject. The Guimaras State College may sponsor an English language remediation program to improve student competency. Future researches may highlight that students’ English proficiency may be affected by finances, parents’ occupations, and living on a small island, and teachers can alter how students regard English as a second language. Keywords: Subject-verb agreement, error, BAELS, enhancement program

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Tumingan, Angga. "The Accuracy of Simple Present Tense In Students’ Writing Descriptive Text At Tenth Grade of Smk Kesehatan Cendikia Husada Academic Year 2020/2021." Griya Cendikia 7, no. 2 (July 27, 2022): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/griya-cendikia.v7i2.257.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The accuracy of simple present tense is the purpose of learning simple present tense which intends to train students in writing and speech that necessary. However, many students are confused in using simple present grammar. The research aims to investigate types of error and to investigate the extent of accuracy of simple present tense in writing descriptive text. The instrument used was a written test in which students were asked to write a descriptive text with the theme "My shoes". The analysis uses surface strategy taxonomy by determining the types of omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. Finding the level of accuracy, the researcher used an agreement from the simple present tense grammar which includes subject-verb agreement, verb-verb agreement, and verb-time agreement. Then, data obtained 30% omission, 11.25% addition, 50% misformation, and 8.75% misordering, errors in the simple present tense agreement, namely 98.9% subject-verb agreement, 0% verb-verb agreement, and 1.1% verb-time agreement. So the data obtained subject-verb agreement as to the most agreement error and misformation became the most error of the four types of errors. From these data, the average level of accuracy of simple present tense in writing descriptive text was 61% while the error rate was 39%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Chacon, Thiago Costa, and Lev Michael. "The evolution of subject-verb agreement in Eastern Tukanoan." Journal of Historical Linguistics 8, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 59–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.16024.cha.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This article describes the evolution of past/perfective subject-verb agreement morphology in the Tukanoan family, reconstructing relevant aspects of Proto-Tukanoan verbal morphology and delineating the subsequent diachronic development of verbal subject agreement morphology in the Eastern branch of the family. We argue that suffixes that cumulatively expone past/perfective and person, number, and gender (png) subject agreement resulted from the fusion of post-verbal demonstratives/pronouns expressing png information with suffixes expressing past/perfective tam information. We propose that different png agreement categories developed at successive stages in the diversification of the family, with third person masculine singular subject agreement emerging before other png categories, followed by animate plural agreement, then finally by the development of third person feminine agreement. The result in Eastern Tukanoan was a cross-linguistically unusual agreement system that contrasts four agreement categories: (i) first and second person singular and third person inanimate (singular and plural); (ii) third person animate masculine singular; (iii) third person animate feminine singular; and (iv) third animate plural.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Felser, Claudia, and Anna Jessen. "Correlative Coordination and Variable Subject–Verb Agreement in German." Languages 6, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020067.

Full text

Abstract:

Coordinated subjects often show variable number agreement with the finite verb, but linguistic approaches to this phenomenon have rarely been informed by systematically collected data. We report the results from three experiments investigating German speakers’ agreement preferences with complex subjects joined by the correlative conjunctions sowohl…als auch (‘both…and’), weder…noch (‘neither…nor’) or entweder…oder (‘either…or’). We examine to what extent conjunction type and a conjunct’s relative proximity to the verb affect the acceptability and processibility of singular vs. plural agreement. Experiment 1 was an untimed acceptability rating task, Experiment 2 a timed sentence completion task, and Experiment 3 was a self-paced reading task. Taken together, our results show that number agreement with correlative coordination in German is primarily determined by a default constraint triggering plural agreement, which interacts with linear order and semantic factors. Semantic differences between conjunctions only affected speakers’ agreement preferences in the absence of processing pressure but not their initial agreement computation. The combined results from our offline and online experimental measures of German speakers’ agreement preferences suggest that the constraints under investigation do not only differ in their relative weighting but also in their relative timing during agreement computation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ahmed, Farooq, Saba Iram, and Saba Chaman. "INFLUENCE OF L1 WHILE LEARNING SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 03 (September 30, 2022): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.758.

Full text

Abstract:

The study aims at investigating the poverty of subject verb agreement of Gujari learners of English at primary level. According to the term subject-verb agreement in English that verb should agree with the noun or pronoun. It is either singular or plural, the verb changes accordingly. In other words, the SVA can be defined as the change of verb according to the subject’s number and person. The study focusses upon the influence of the first language while constructing the English sentences. It investigated the Gujari speakers of English learners at district Kotli at primary level how their writing is packed with already learned languages. The study used the Brown (1994) model to classify the errors. The model categories the errors such as addition, substitution, wrong selection, omission. Learners writing sample were collected to classify the errors. It was found that adding the helping verb or main verb where it is not required in English. Similarly, they omit the verb despite its requisition likewise they substitute it according to the drive of their already learned languages. they were also found committing errors in the use of pronouns that automatically impact the subject-verb agreement. Keywords: Subject Verb Agreement, Errors, Gujari Learners, First Language Influence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Aksenova, Anna. "Subject-verb Agreement in Constructions with Quantifiers in Russian." Poljarnyj vestnik 24 (December 3, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.5931.

Full text

Abstract:

The agreement of subject and predicate in Russian is actually much less trivial than it might seem at first glance. This paper deals with the case when the subject is realized by a combination of a noun with a quantifier. I analyze a set of examples with the words двое, трое, пара, тройка, десяток, сотня, тысяча, миллион and миллиард where there is a variation in predicate number agreement. Using Random Forest, CIT and Logistic Regression algorithms I prove that collective (двое, трое) and non-collective (пара, тройка, десяток, сотня, тысяча, миллион, миллиард) quantifiers exhibit different patterns of agreement. The first group tends to trigger more plural agreement, while for the second one singular agreement is more typical. Moreover, the quantifier phrase position relative to the predicate can also influence the choice of number marker on the verb.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

CHEN, LANG, HUA SHU, YOUYI LIU, JINGJING ZHAO, and PING LI. "ERP signatures of subject–verb agreement in L2 learning." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10, no. 2 (July 2007): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890700291x.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study we examined ERP (event-related-potential) responses in the morphosyntactic processing of subject–verb agreements by L2 Chinese learners of English. Fifteen proficient L2 learners and fifteen native English speakers were presented with English sentences that varied in the grammaticality of the sentence with respect to subject–verb agreement. Our results indicate that late L2 learners show distinct ERP responses from native speakers in the processing of syntactic features that are absent in their L1, even when their behavioral patterns are similar to those of native speakers. The results are taken to support the proposal that language-specific experiences with L1 shape the neural structure of processing in L2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kojima, Yasuhiro. "The development of person agreement and the cliticization of personal pronouns in Batsbi." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Most Nakh-Daghestanian languages have gender (or noun class) agreement in the verb, but do not have person agreement. This is the case with Chechen and Ingush, which are genetically the closest to Batsbi. Batsbi, by contrast, has developed person agreement with the subject in the verb along with gender agreement. This is assumed to be due to the strong influence of Georgian, which has long been the second language of Batsbi speakers. In Georgian, the verb shows person agreement with the subject as well as with the direct or indirect object. Present-day Batsbi, presumably inspired by the polypersonal agreement of Georgian, further develops the cliticization of non-subject personal pronouns. To put it simply, it seems as though Batsbi attempts to express what a Georgian verb may encode in a single, finite form by means of a verb and a personal pronoun that is cliticized to it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Mambrini, Francesco, and Marco Passarotti. "Subject-Verb Agreement with Coordinated Subjects in Ancient Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 16, no. 1 (2016): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01601003.

Full text

Abstract:

In Ancient Greek, as well as in other languages, whenever agreement is triggered by two or more coordinated phrases, two different constructions are allowed: either the agreement can be controlled by the coordinated phrase as a whole, or it can be triggered by just one of the coordinated words. In spite of the amount of information that can be read on this topic in grammars of Ancient Greek, much is still to be known even at a general descriptive level. More importantly, the data still lack a convincing explanation. In this paper, we focus on a special domain of agreement (subject and verb agreement) and on one morphological feature that is expected to covary (number). We discuss the agreement in number for conjoined phrases, by revising some of the modern hypotheses with the support of the empirical evidence that can be collected from the available syntactically annotated corpora of Ancient Greek (treebanks). Results are interpreted according to syntactic features, cognitive factors and semantic properties of the coordinated phrases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Kwok, Lily, Stephanie Berk, and Diane Lillo-Martin. "Person vs. locative agreement." Special Issue in Memory of Irit Meir 23, no. 1-2 (October 30, 2020): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00042.kwo.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Sign languages are frequently described as having three verb classes. One, ‘agreeing’ verbs, indicates the person/number of its subject and object by modification of the beginning and ending locations of the verb. The second, ‘spatial’ verbs, makes a similar appearing modification of verb movement to represent the source and goal locations of the theme of a verb of motion. The third class, ‘plain’ verbs, is characterized as having neither of these types of modulations. A number of researchers have proposed accounts that collapse all of these types, or the person-agreeing and spatial verbs. Here we present evidence from late learners of American Sign Language and from the emergence of new sign languages that person agreement and locative agreement have a different status in these conditions, and we claim their analysis should be kept distinct, at least in certain ways.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Smouse, Mantoa Rose. "Uninterpretable features in comprehension: Subject-verb agreement in isiXhosa." South African Journal of African Languages 33, no. 1 (March 2013): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/02572117.2013.793942.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mali, Yustinus Calvin Gai, and Made Frida Yulia. "Students’ Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in Paragraph Writing Class." Language and Language Teaching Journal 15, no. 02 (October 1, 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150204.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Mali, Yustinus Calvin Gai, and Made Frida Yulia. "Students� Subject-Verb Agreement Errors in Paragraph Writing Class." LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2017): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/llt.v15i2.320.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject-verb agreement is an essential element to master by English LanguageEducation Study Program (ELESP) students, who are prepared to be English teachersin the future. However, the researchers still find the fact that ELESP students makethe errors on the agreement. For that reason, it would be significant to find out theerrors made by the students as well as to discover the factors behind the errors.To achieve those purposes, the researchers conducted a document analysis and asemi-structure interview.The research results showed most of the errors belongedto misinformation category (71.4%) and were subsequently followed by omissioncategory (17.9%) and addition category (10.7%). In addition, from the interview,the researchers also found five (5) major factors that caused the students to makethe errors, namely interlingual error, ignorance of rule restrictions, incompleteapplication of rules, false concepts hypothesized, and carelessness.DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2012.150204

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hartsuiker, Robert J., Herbert J. Schriefers, Kathryn Bock, and Gerdien M. Kikstra. "Morphophonological influences on the construction of subject-verb agreement." Memory & Cognition 31, no. 8 (December 2003): 1316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03195814.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Largy, Pierre, and Michel Fayol. "Oral cues improve subject-verb agreement in written French." International Journal of Psychology 36, no. 2 (April 2001): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590143000009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Antón-Méndez, Inés, and Robert J. Hartsuiker. "Morphophonological and conceptual effects on Dutch subject–verb agreement." Language and Cognitive Processes 25, no. 5 (June 2010): 728–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690960903513818.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Smith, Garrett, Julie Franck, and Whitney Tabor. "A Self-Organizing Approach to Subject-Verb Number Agreement." Cognitive Science 42 (February 1, 2018): 1043–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12591.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Nicol, Janet L. "Effects of clausal structure on subject-verb agreement errors." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 24, no. 6 (November 1995): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02143164.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Brunellière, Angèle. "Brain response to subject–verb agreement during grammatical priming." Brain Research 1372 (February 2011): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.052.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Eberhard, Kathleen M. "The Marked Effect of Number on Subject–Verb Agreement." Journal of Memory and Language 36, no. 2 (February 1997): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmla.1996.2484.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Guérois, Rozenn, and Denis Creissels. "The relative verb forms of Cuwabo (Bantu P34) as contextually oriented participles." Linguistics 58, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 463–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0046.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCuwabo (Bantu P34, Mozambique) illustrates a relativization strategy, also attested in some North-Western and Central Bantu languages, whose most salient characteristics are that: (a) the initial agreement slot of the verb form does not express agreement with the subject (as in independent clauses), but agreement with the head noun; (b) the initial agreement slot of the verb form does not express agreement in person and number-gender (or class), but only in number-gender; (c) when a noun phrase other than the subject is relativized, the noun phrase encoded as the subject in the corresponding independent clause occurs in post-verbal position and does not control any agreement mechanism. In this article, we show that, in spite of the similarity between the relative verb forms of Cuwabo and the corresponding independent verb forms, and the impossibility of isolating a morphological element analyzable as a participial formative, the relative verb forms of Cuwabo are participles, with the following two particularities: they exhibit full contextual orientation, and they assign a specific grammatical role to the initial subject, whose encoding in relative clauses coincides neither with that of subjects of independent verb forms, nor with that of adnominal possessors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Sun, Jackson T. S., and Qianzi Tian. "Verb Agreement in Gexi Horpa." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 7, no. 2 (January 24, 2013): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000120.

Full text

Abstract:

The Rgyalrongic languages (Qiangic branch, Sino-Tibetan family) are prime examples of a split verb agreement system grounded in the pragmatic salience of speech act participants. However, the Horpa language in this group presents a hybrid system involving a more intricate interplay of functional and syntactic factors, despite having less elaborate morphological material than some related languages. Many fundamental issues of Horpa verb agreement remain to be adequately explored, despite preliminary descriptions in the literature. This paper provides a new study of verb agreement in the Gexi variety of Horpa based on first-hand fieldwork data. Compared with Shangzhai Horpa of Rangtang County, Gexi displays many points of difference in its agreement system, including reduplication as a number-marking device, and functionally differentiated special and general sets of person-marking suffixes, the former restricted to transitive singular actants. Gexi verb agreement is undergoing typological transition from pragmatics-driven split agreement to syntax-driven subject agreement, as part of a global morpho-syntactic shift from a head-marking to a dependent-marking grammatical type. The conversion, possibly catalyzed by contact influences from Tibetan, is still ongoing with traces of the original system preserved in the form of alternating patterns. The phenomena under analysis constitute an intermediate stage in the evolution of Qiangic verbal agreement typology between the conservative Rgyalrong, Lavrung, and Shangzhai Horpa split-agreement type and the innovative subject-agreement type observed in Qiang and Prinmi.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Solihat, Dadang, and Diah Novianti. "Error Analysis of Writing Verbs in Discussion Text." English Review: Journal of English Education 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v4i1.309.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to find out the error types of writing verbs in students‟ discussion texts and to identify the factors causing verb errors at the fourth semester students of English major in University of Kuningan. The subject of this study is 20 students. The limitation of the problem is to classify the students‟ errors based on Linville„s error types in writing verbs, there are subject-verb agreement errors, verb tense errors, and verb form errors. This research is using qualitative method by collecting data from documents, questionnaires, and interviews. The result showed that the highest error which most students made is subject-verb agreement. Its frequency is 105 errors or 78.95 %. The second common error is verb form with 15 errors or 11.28 %. The third common error is verb-tense with 13 errors or 9.77 %. The factors causing verb errors are interlingual factor and intralingual or developmental factor. It is influenced by the students‟ lack of knowledge and understanding of the use of verbs.Key words: subject-verb agreement error, verb tense error, verb form error, interlingual factor, intralingual or developmental factor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ghomeshi, Jila. "Control and Thematic Agreement." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 46, no. 1-2 (June 2001): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100017928.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this article it is shown that Persian has core control constructions in which the obligatorily empty subject of an embedded clause takes its reference from an antecedent in the next higher clause. Evidence is provided that these embedded clauses are relatively transparent for scrambling and lack independent tense. It is therefore argued that core control verbs in Persian take complements that lack CP, TP, and a Case position for their subjects. Control complements do manifest subject agreement, however, suggesting that agreement checking takes place within vP. The implications of this view are explored with respect to the periphrastic progressive construction, in which both the auxiliary and the main verb bear subject agreement, and raising constructions, in which preposed subjects do not trigger agreement on the matrix verb. The relevant contrast is presented in minimalist terms as the idea that agreement in Persian is checked within a strong phase (CP or vP).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Blom, Elma, Nada Vasić, and Jan de Jong. "Production and Processing of Subject–Verb Agreement in Monolingual Dutch Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 3 (June 2014): 952–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2014_jslhr-l-13-0104.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose In this study, the authors investigated whether errors with subject–verb agreement in monolingual Dutch children with specific language impairment (SLI) are influenced by verb phonology. In addition, the productive and receptive abilities of Dutch acquiring children with SLI regarding agreement inflection were compared. Method An SLI group (6–8 years old), an age-matched group with typical development, and a language-matched, younger, typically developing (TD) group participated in the study. Using an elicitation task, the authors tested use of third person singular inflection after verbs that ended in obstruents (plosive, fricative) or nonobstruents (sonorant). The authors used a self-paced listening task to test sensitivity to subject–verb agreement violations. Results Omission was more frequent after obstruents than nonobstruents; the younger TD group used inflection less often after plosives than fricatives, unlike the SLI group. The SLI group did not detect subject–verb agreement violations if the ungrammatical structure contained a frequent error (omission), but if the ungrammatical structure contained an infrequent error (substitution), subject–verb agreement violations were noticed. Conclusions The use of agreement inflection by children with TD or SLI is affected by verb phonology. Differential effects in the 2 groups are consistent with a delayed development in Dutch SLI. Parallels between productive and receptive abilities point to weak lexical agreement inflection representations in Dutch SLI.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Azam, Muhammad, Zahid Ali, and Shahida. "Subject-Verb Agreement in Lasi and English: A Morphosyntactic Analysis." Global Language Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2022(vii-ii).04.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigates the phenomenon of verb agreement (subject-verb agreement) in Lasi and English. This study focuses only on transitive and intransitive verbs of simple tenses to analyze the subject-verb agreement in Lasi. The data have been collected through unstructured interviews with the Lasinatives. The X-bar theory of Haegeman (1994) has been applied as a theoretical framework. Descriptive and exploratory research designs (Creswell, 2014) are used in the study. The results of this study show that transitive verbs in Lasi agree with subjects in number,gender, and person in the present and future tenses, but not in the past. However, intransitive verbs do agree with their subjects in the past tense. English verbs show agreement with their subjects in the present simple tense, but their past and future tense inflections remain the same. The results show that Lasi allows omission of subjects in the surface structure; however, they are recoverable in deep structure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

MELNIK, NURIT. "Raising, inversion and agreement in modern Hebrew." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 147–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000444.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper focuses on the interaction between raising, subject–verb inversion and agreement in Modern Hebrew. It identifies, alongside ‘standard’ (i.e., English-like) subject-to-subject raising, two additional patterns where the embedded subject appears post-verbally. In one, the raising predicate exhibits long-distance agreement with the embedded subject, while in the other, a colloquial variant, it is marked with impersonal (3sm) agreement. The choice between the three raising constructions in the language is shown to be solely dependent on properties of the embedded clause. The data are discussed and analyzed against a background of typological and theoretical work on raising. The analysis, cast in the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), builds on research on raising, selectional locality, agreement, subjecthood and information structure, as well as verb-initial constructions in Modern Hebrew.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ganenkov, Dmitry. "Gender agreement alternation in Aqusha Dargwa." Studies in Language 42, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 529–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.17018.gan.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The article discusses gender agreement alternation in Aqusha Dargwa (Nakh-Daghestanian, the Caucasus, Russian Federation). The phenomenon is observed in periphrastic verbal forms with transitive verbs where gender agreement on the auxiliary can show the gender features of either the ergative subject or the absolutive direct object. Considering existing analyses of the phenomenon in terms of information structure, I argue that agreement alternation cannot be captured by sentence-topic-oriented accounts. I also discuss a structural proposal developed by Sumbatova and Lander (2014) and show that their analysis cannot be maintained in full. Instead, I propose a modified analysis according to which only subject agreement, but not object agreement, results from a cross-clausal referential dependency between the ergative subject of the lexical verb and the absolutive subject of the matrix restructuring verb. On this view, agreement alternation may be assimilated to the familiar distinction between ergative and biabsolutive constructions found elsewhere in Nakh-Daghestanian.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Dhakal, Dubi Nanda. "Exploring the Parameters of Verb Agreement in Majhi." Gipan 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48896.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper discusses a number of parameters which trigger verb agreement in Majhi, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal. Like some Indo-Aryan neighbours, Majhi takes account of ranges of facts in the verb agreement. The verb is not only marked for agreement with one nominal phrase in a clause, but also encodes inflectional features of both subject and object simultaneously in transitive and ditransitive verbs by employing portmanteau suffixes. The features that control the agreement include person, number, honorificity, gender, and case roles of nouns.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Kujur, Anup Kumar. "Subject-Verb Relation in North Dravidian Language." Shanlax International Journal of English 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v10i1.4315.

Full text

Abstract:

The main objective is to highlight some of the distinctive features pertaining to agreement phenomenon and language structure in Kisan. It is a agglutinative language having nominative-accusative case markings. The characteristics of an agglutinative language has gradually beenconverged with those of analytic language like Hindi and Odia which are the dominant languages of the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Pietraszko, Asia. "The distribution of φ-probes in the inflectional structure." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4355.

Full text

Abstract:

Subject-verb agreement in φ-features has been treated as a relation between the subject and some functional category in the clausal spine (Infl, Agr, T). I argue that such severing of the Phi-probe from the verb is problematic for agreement patterns in Bantu languages and argue for a tighter connection between them. The crucial argument is the lack of consistent association of functional heads with agreement features, observed e.g. in compound tenses and aspectual-verb constructions in Bantu languages. The number and positions of Phi-probes in clausal structure are derived from the number and size of head-chains containing a verb.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Bond, Oliver. "Intra-paradigmatic variation in Eleme verbal agreement." Studies in Language 34, no. 1 (March 19, 2010): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.34.1.01bon.

Full text

Abstract:

Mismatches in the morphosyntactic features of controllers and targets in the Eleme (Ogonoid, Niger-Congo) participant reference system allow for a subject agreement paradigm in which the person of the grammatical subject is indicated by a verbal prefix, while plural number is marked by a suffix on different targets — either lexical verbs or auxiliaries — based on the person value of the controller. I examine the distribution of Eleme ‘Default Subject’ agreement affixes and the intra-paradigmatic asymmetry found between second-person plural and third-person plural subjects in Auxiliary Verb Constructions (AVC) and Serial Verb Constructions (SVC). I argue that the criteria by which the various agreement affixes select an appropriate morphological host can be modelled in terms of agreement prerequisites even when distributional variation is paradigm internal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nicol, Janet, and Delia Greth. "Production of Subject-Verb Agreement in Spanish as a Second Language." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 3 (January 2003): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1617-3169.50.3.196.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. In this paper, we report the results of a study of English speakers who have learned Spanish as a second language. All were late learners who have achieved near- advanced proficiency in Spanish. The focus of the research is on the production of subject-verb agreement errors and the factors that influence the incidence of such errors. There is some evidence that English and Spanish subject-verb agreement differ in susceptibility to interference from different types of variables; specifically, it has been reported that Spanish speakers show a greater influence of semantic factors in their implementation of subject-verb agreement ( Vigliocco, Butterworth, & Garrett, 1996 ). In our study, all participants were tested in English (L1) and Spanish (L2). Results indicate nearly identical error patterns: these speakers show no greater influence of semantic variables in the computation of agreement when they are speaking Spanish than when they are speaking English.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kim,Sun-Woong. "An Integrated Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement Mismatch in English." Studies in Generative Grammar 21, no. 3 (August 2011): 459–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15860/sigg.21.3.201109.459.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Subject-verb agreement'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles