Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Subject with deficiency'

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArquivoTotalMaria.pdf: 5957273 bytes, checksum: dcafc8dd0b3ca2552e290eeb8d30b369 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This thesis aims to analyze the discourse of social inclusion of the person with disability that goes around the Sentidos magazine. As theoretical basis, we use the Discourse Analysis Theory at the articulation of the contribution from Michel Pêcheux (1997c, 2006, 2007) and Michel Foucault (2006b, 2007a, 2010a, 2010b, 2010d). We emphasized the body as discursive production that goes in the event order and allows the construction of willingness of truth in different statements, which are affected by knowledge/power relations. We understand that discursive practices permit to discuss the emergence of objects that are in constant transformation, and concerned to the production of meaning effects at the discourse historic network. According to that, the inclusion discourse comes in the order of sayings, over the spread of different materialness that circulate in the social context, conferring to the body with disability a place at the everyday discursive practices. To instigate the emergence of that discourse, we realized a research emphasizing the power relations and the history of the body with disability. Therefore, we do the analysis of the linguistic-imagetic materialness, which presents the construction of meanings linked to disciplinary techniques and to the biopower effects, that take in evidence the power upon life, promoting displacement of the disabled person. Through the thematic line of labour market and education, the analyses permit to recognize the construction of ways of subjectivity, connected to the idea of happy and productive body, promoting, then, a pedagogy of smile that builds the subject with deficiency. Thereby, the discourse of social inclusion is considered as a possibility of marking the difference that has being governed by different instances of power. The disciplinary techniques and the biopower procedures work to the discourse legitimation through insistent strategies of governamentality that help to understand who is the subject with deficiency constructed at the statements from the Sentidos magazine. Furthermore, there is a handbook effect that goes through the statement, promoting a recipe of happiness about the subjectivity ways which teach how to live better and happier.<br>Esta Tese objetiva analisar o discurso da inclusão social do sujeito com deficiência que circula na revista Sentidos. Como respaldo teórico, usamos a Análise do Discurso, na articulação entre as contribuições de Michel Pêcheux e Michel Foucault, com destaque para o corpo como produção discursiva que entra na ordem dos acontecimentos e possibilita construir vontades de verdade em diferentes enunciados, afetado por relações de poder/saber. Entendemos que as práticas discursivas oportunizam discutir a emergência de objetos em constante transformação, relacionados à produção dos efeitos de sentidos na rede histórica dos discursos. Nesse foco, o discurso da inclusão entra na ordem das dizibilidades, através da proliferação de diferentes materialidades que circulam socialmente, conferindo ao corpo com deficiência um espaço nas discursividades do cotidiano. Para apontar a emergência desse discurso, realizamos um percurso genealógico, enfatizando as relações de poder e a história do corpo com deficiência. Assim, realizamos a análise da materialidade linguística, a qual apresenta a construção dos sentidos ligados às técnicas disciplinares e aos efeitos do biopoder, que enfatizam o poder sobre a vida, promovendo movências sobre o ser deficiente. Por meio do trajeto temático mercado de trabalho e educação, as análises possibilitam perceber a construção dos modos de subjetivação, ligado a ideia de corpo feliz e produtivo, promovendo, assim, uma pedagogia do sorriso que edifica o sujeito com deficiência. Desse modo, o discurso da inclusão social é visto como uma possibilidade de marcação da diferença sendo governada por diferentes instâncias de poder. As técnicas disciplinares e os procedimentos de biopoder agem na legitimação do discurso por meio de insistentes estratégias de governamentalidade que ajudam a entender quem é o sujeito com deficiência construído nos enunciados da revista Sentidos. Além disso, há o efeito manual que perpassa os enunciados, promovendo a receita da felicidade sobre os modos de subjetivação que dão instrução de como viver melhor e mais feliz.

Denna studie har granskat nedanstående frågeställningar, där punkt 2 varit i huvudfokus. 1. I vilken omfattning anser gymnasielärare att förkunskaperna i bråkräkning brister hos nyblivna gymnasieelever och vilka konsekvenser anser lärarna att sådana brister får när det gäller elevernas möjligheter att tillgodogöra sig gymnasiets matematikundervisning? 2. Vilka strategier använder gymnasielärare för att hantera bristande förkunskaper i bråkräkning och på vilka grunder vilar dessa strategier? Bakgrunden till studien var en uppfattning att förkunskapsbristerna i bråkräkning hos nyblivna gymnasieelever är utbredda och att gymnasielärare på något sätt behöver finna sätt att förhålla sig till dessa brister. Tidigare forskning indikerade stora brister i förkunskaper. Det teoretiska ramverket utgick bland annat från den didaktiska ämnesanalysen, framförallt såsom presenterad av Löwing (2016). Datainsamling gjordes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lärare på två skolor. Materialet bearbetades och analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Lärarna i studien gav sammantaget en bild av att det finns ett icke oansenligt problem med bristande förkunskaper i bråkräkning, i synnerhet om man beaktar de många områden inom gymnasiematematiken där bråkräkning behövs för att adekvat tillgodogöra sig innehållet. En grund för att hantera bristande förkunskaper i bråkräkning, var att synliggöra elevernas förkunskapsnivå, på individuell basis såväl som för klassen. Ett huvudinstrument för synliggörande var de inledande diagnosprov som de undersökta skolorna använder sig av. De strategier som används för att möta förkunskapsbristerna kunde sorteras i två teman, Repetition och Eleven. Den dominerande repetitionen görs i inledningen av gymnasiet. Det som dock särskilt utmärkte de lärare i undersökningen som hade väl utvecklade ämnesdidaktiska strategier var dels att de hade en motsvarande utvecklad analys av problembilden, dels att de aktivt arbetade med konceptuell förståelse och integrering av procedurkunskap, snarare än att fokusera på renodlad procedur repetition. Det gick att dra paralleller mellan lärarnas ämnesdidaktiska strategier och den didaktiska ämnesanalysen i teoriramen, även om lärarna i denna studie inte arbetade på samma systematiska och detaljerade nivå. Under temat Eleven arbetades aktivt med att utveckla elevernas inställning, självförtroende och motivation när det gäller matematik, även här grundat i en aktiv problemanalys. De som läser natur- och teknikprogram, det vill säga matematikkurser på c-nivå, har typiskt inte denna utmaning tillnärmelsevis i samma utsträckning, som de som läser till exempel hantverksprogram eller estetprogram.<br>This study has researched two issues, where the second has been the primary focus. 1. To what extent do upper secondary school teachers view new students’ prior knowledge of fractions as deficient and what consequences do the teachers consider that such deficiencies have regarding students' abilities to assimilate the ensuing mathematics teachings? 2. What strategies do upper secondary school teachers use to manage deficiencies in prior knowledge in fractions and on what grounds do these strategies rest? The background to the study was a perception that the deficiencies in prior knowledge in fractions of upper secondary school students is substantial and that teachers somehow need to find ways to manage these deficiencies. Previous research indicated major deficiencies in prior knowledge. The theoretical framework was based primarily on the Educational Subject Matter Analysis, as presented by Löwing (2016). Data collection was done through semi-structuredinterviews with five teachers at two schools. The material was processed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Overall, the teachers in the study gave the impression that there is a substantial problem with prior knowledge deficiency in fractions, especially considering the many areas in upper secondary mathematics where fractions are needed to adequately assimilate the teachings. One basis for dealing with prior knowledge deficiencies, was to assess the students' level of prior knowledge, on an individual basis as well as for the class. A main assessment instrument was the initial diagnostic tests used by the surveyed schools. The strategies used to meet the prior knowledge deficiencies was sorted into two themes, Repetition and The Student. The dominant repetition is done in the beginning of the school year. However, what particularly distinguished the teachers in the survey who used well-developed didactic strategies was that they had a correspondingly developed problem analysis, and also that they actively worked with conceptual understanding, rather than pure procedure repetition. Parallels could be drawn between the teachers' didactic strategies and the Educational Subject Matter Analysis, although the teachers in the study did not apply it systematically. The Student theme primarily involved active work to develop the students' attitude, self-confidencea and motivation with regards to mathematics. Those who study science and technology programs, i.e. advanced level mathematics courses, typically do not have this challenge to the same extent as those who study for example craft aesthetics programs.

TNF-α, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is implicated in the immune response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) secondary to Alpha-One Antitrypsin Deficiency (A1ATD). This thesis firstly describes studies in monocytes from A1ATD-related COPD subjects, examining the effect of the rs361525 TNF-A single nucleotide polymorphism, previously associated with 100-fold greater TNF-α concentration in the sputum of affected patients. Secondly, the autocrine effects of TNF-α on monocytes from healthy subjects are considered, in particular the differential roles of its two receptors, TNF-α receptor 1 (TNFR1) and 2 (TNFR2), an important topic given recent interest in selective TNFR1 blockade in TNF-α associated diseases. Unexpectedly, TNF-α mRNA expression and secreted protein was not greater in A1ATD-related COPD subjects with the rs361525 polymorphism when compared to matched wild-type subjects. Reasons may include the cell type and stimulus used or inadequate power. In monocytes from healthy subjects, autocrine binding of TNF-α increased production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Trends were observed for TNFR1 blockade to reduce both types of cytokine, for IL-10 to be reduced by TNFR2 blockade and for TNFR1 expression at the monocyte surface to be up-regulated by TNF-α-TNFR2 binding. Further studies are required to fully characterise the relative roles of TNFR1 and TNFR2 in monocytes.

Este estudo interroga os efeitos de sentido no discurso sobre o sujeito deficiente produzido pela legislação educacional brasileira e enunciado nas Constituições e nas Leis de diretrizes da educação. O dispositivo teórico se filia à Análise de Discurso. A Análise de Discurso trabalha com o lingüístico e com o ideológico no processo de produção do sentido e constituição do sujeito. Visa compreender o funcionamento do discurso, a produção de sentidos entre locutores, bem como interrogar os sentidos estabilizados e sua relação com a língua. O sujeito da Análise de Discurso é o resultante de um processo de assujeitamento pela língua e pela história, e não o sujeito corpóreo. A análise do funcionamento da língua, enquanto materialidade dos discursos legislativos, possibilita compreender os efeitos de sentido constituídos sobre o sujeito deficiente. Ao dispositivo teórico da Análise de Discurso agrego noções de construção multicultural da igualdade e da diferença e de hibridismo cultural e entre-lugar. O corpus discursivo retido para análise revela que o discurso sobre o sujeito deficiente produzido pela legislação é da ordem da organização do social e produz um efeito de sentido que limita o funcionamento do discurso da ordem do simbólico. Para o discurso da legislação, a incompletude e a falta são significadas como falha, imperfeição e não como possibilidade, como desejo. A produção, ampliação e renovação da legislação sobre o sujeito deficiente parecem constituir uma forma de vigilância, uma estratégia de afastamento, um mecanismo de proteção da sociedade frente à insegurança do imaginário hostil da deficiência. O excesso da legislação preenche o espaço da indeterminação necessária para emergir a subjetividade, porque o processo de tornar-se sujeito implica a idéia de um possível, de uma falta. As diferentes formas de designar o sujeito deficiente, na perspectiva discursiva, vão além de uma retórica ingênua, pois as palavras constroem uma memória que remete a sentidos que as marcou em outros momentos da relação língua-ideologia. Essas designações podem revelar que, para além dos fatores biológicos, são os processos ideológicos, sociais, econômicos que constituem e atualizam os sentidos e o sujeito deficiente.<br>This study inquires the effects of senses in the speech about deficient subject produced by the Brazilian educational laws e enunciated in the Constitutions and in the directive Laws of the education. The theoretical device joins the Speech Analysis. The Speech Analysis works with the linguistics and with the ideological in the production process of sense and constitution of the subject. It seeks to understand the function of the speech, the production of senses between speakers, as well as to question the stabilized senses and its relation with the language. The Speech Analysis subject is a result of a process of becoming the subject through the language and through the history, and not the corporeal subject. The analysis of the language functioning, while being materiality of the legislative speeches, allows the comprehension of the sense effects constituted over the deficient subject. To the theoretical device of the Speech Analysis I add notions of multi-cultural construction of the equality and of the difference and of the cultural hybridism and between-place. The discursive corpus retained to be analyzed reveals that the speech about de deficient subject made by the legislation is from the order of the organization of the social and it products an effect of sense that limits the function of the speech from the order of the symbolical. To the legislation speech, the unfinished and the fault are meant to be flaws, imperfections and not as possibility, as desire. The production, amplification and renovation of the legislation about the deficient subject seem to constitute a mode of vigilance, a strategy to repel, a society’s mechanism of protection against the insecurity of the hostile imaginary of the deficiency. The legislation excess fills up the space of the indetermination necessary to emerge the subjectivity, because the process of becoming subject implicates an idea of a possible, of a lack. The different ways of appointing the deficient subject, in the discursive perspective, go on beyond a naive rhetoric, because the words build a memory that addresses to senses that have marked it in other moments of the relation ideology-language. These designations may reveal that, to beyond the biological factors, are the biological, social and economical process that constitute and update the senses and the deficient subject.

Detailed assessment of motor function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is important to identify early sub-clinical deficits and to implement early interventions in order to limit the development of advanced pathology and improve their quality of life. Lower limb muscular dysfunction has been demonstrated in several studies in patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN). Vitamin D deficiency is very common in patients with T2DM, both in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and in healthy subjects. Vitamin D deficiency can cause reduction in muscle strength, size, walking speed, a disturbance in dynamic sway during walking and an increased risk of falls in healthy elderly subjects. This project aimed to investigate muscle function, structure and kinematic alterations during walking activity in subjects with IGT and patients with T2DM in relation to vitamin D deficiency and neuropathy. The work in thesis shows that diabetes is associated with reduced muscle strength and size of the lower extremities in patients with T2DM, and that is related to the severity of neuropathy but not vitamin D deficiency. Furthermore, small fibre neuropathy has been related to distal muscle weakness and increased dynamic medio-lateral sway during walking in subjects with IGT and patients with T2DM. Vitamin D deficiency has been related to muscle weakness in subjects with IGT but not to kinematic alterations during walking.

The purpose of the study was to determine what nutritional, demographic, and behavioral differences existed between children one year of age from two similar WIC clinics with different prevalences of anemia. Children from the higher-prevalence site were found to consume significantly (p < .05) more B12, C, copper, fiber, folate, total kilocalories, and riboflavin than did children from the lower-prevalence site. Family income and maternal weight gain were significantly (p < .05) higher in the lower-prevalence group as compared to the higher-prevalence group. In addition, children from the higher-prevalence site were enrolled in the WIC program at a significantly (p < .05) younger age than were children from the lower-prevalence site.

A maioria dos instrumentos formais e objetivos disponíveis para avaliação e diagnóstico da voz, utilizados por fonoaudiólogos no Brasil, é traduzida e adaptada de uma língua estrangeira para o português brasileiro, já que a tradução e adaptação transcultural de instrumentos existentes para uma determinada língua contribui para a compreensão dos quadros de distúrbios da comunicação humana. Além disso, há uma carência de protocolos voltados especificamente para a avaliação e diagnóstico da voz de deficientes auditivos, que apresentam características vocais comprometidas pela falta do monitoramento auditivo durante a comunicação oral. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a tradução e adaptação transcultural do Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) para a língua inglesa, com o intuito de proporcionar globalmente a diversas populações uma versão do instrumento em língua inglesa para a prática clínica. Os autores do instrumento original, que foi desenvolvido na Universidade de Brasília-UnB em parceria com a Faculdade de Odontologia de BauruFOB/USP, autorizaram o seu uso para o desenvolvimento deste estudo. Foram submetidos à tradução e adaptação transcultural para a língua inglesa, o protocolo em si e mais quatro seções que foram utilizadas na validação do mesmo na língua portuguesa: Apresentação e Instruções; Definições de Voz, Fala, Problema de Voz e Problema de Fala; Questionário I; Questionário II. Uma banca de especialistas composta por dez fonoaudiólogos, cinco brasileiros e cinco norte-americanos, analisou o material traduzido em relação às equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Foram realizadas comparações dos resultados das avaliações da banca. Para tal, foi utilizada a análise de variância (ANOVA) como critério para medidas repetidas e o teste de Tukey como pós-teste, sendo adotado nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Primeiramente, o material foi traduzido do português brasileiro para o inglês por um profissional da área de Tradução. Em seguida, foi retrotraduzido, ou seja, traduzido do inglês para o português, por um segundo tradutor. Posteriormente, um terceiro profissional realizou a versão consenso, por meio de comparação entre as duas versões anteriores do instrumento. Por fim, a versão consenso foi enviada à banca de especialistas, que atribuíram notas de zero a dez, analisaram e sugeriram alterações para a versão consenso. Em relação às notas atribuídas, o protocolo em si foi a seção melhor avaliada (média 8,7). Houve diferença de notas entre as seções avaliadas pelos brasileiros (p=0,003), sendo que a nota da seção de apresentação foi menor do que as demais. Após a avaliação pelos especialistas, as devidas alterações foram realizadas. Após todo esse processo, foi possível traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente o Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) para a língua inglesa, cuja versão final foi intitulada Protocol for the Evaluation of Voice in Subjects with Hearing Impairment (PEV-SHI).<br>Most objective and formal instruments available for voice assessment and diagnosis used by speech-language pathologists and audiologists in Brazil are translated and adapted from a foreign language into Brazilian Portuguese, since the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of existent instruments promote a better understanding of human communication disorders. In addition, there is a paucity of instruments specifically focused on the evaluation of voice in subjects with hearing impairment who have compromised vocal characteristics due to the lack of auditory monitoring during oral communication. Thus, this study aimed at translating and cross-culturally adapting the Protocolo de Avaliação de Voz do Deficiente Auditivo (PAV-DA) into English, providing different populations with an English language version of the protocol for clinical practice in global contexts. The authors of the original instrument, which was developed by the University of Brasilia- UnB, in partnership with the Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, have authorized the use of it in this study. The protocol itself and four auxiliary sections (Presentation and Instructions; Definitions of Voice, Speech, Voice Problem, Speech Problem; Questionnaire I; Questionnaire II) used for the validation in the Brazilian Portuguese were translated and cross-culturally adapted into English. A committee composed of ten expert speech-language pathologists and audiologists, five Brazilians and five North Americans, analyzed the translated material based on semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences. The scores given by the committee were compared by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a criterion for repeated measures and the Tukey test as a post-test, with 5% level of significance (p<0.05). First, the material was translated from Brazilian Portuguese into English by a professional of the Translation field. After that, it was back-translated, that is, translated again, from English into Brazilian Portuguese, by a second translator. Subsequently, a third professional created the consensus version, by means of comparison between the previous versions of the material. Finally, the consensus version was sent to the committee of experts, who rated it from zero to ten, analyzed it and suggested alterations for the consensus version. In relation to the obtained scores, the protocol itself was the best rated section (average 8.7). There was a difference among the sections rated by the Brazilians (p=0.003). The ratings for the Presentation and Instructions section was lower than the others. After the experts rated the material, the appropriate alterations were made. At the end of this entire process, it was possible to translate and cross-culturally adapt the material, whose final version is entitled Protocol for the Evaluation of Voice in Subjects with Hearing Impairment (PEV-SHI).

This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science. The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do. Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process. It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact. The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail. A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported. It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact. On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment. The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency. Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches. Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology.

Chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves have been used as a sensitive tool for screening the photosynthetic performance of plants. Experimental treatments involving nitrate supply and chilling stress have been shown to affect fluorescence induction curves and other measures of photosynthesis. We have investigated the photosynthetic performance of Sorghum bicolor supplied with Long Ashton growth solution containing standard (20 μmol mol^(–1)) or low (5 μmol mol^(–1)) phosphorus. The JIP-test based on the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve was used as a non-destructive method to measure the relative proportions of energy dissipated by different processes (termed energy fluxes) in the light reactions. The various energy fluxes or derived parameters were compared to find the measures that were most sensitive to the experimental conditions. Plant response to treatments was first evident in selected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, particularly performance index (PI_ABS_); plants with increased PI_ABS_ manifested higher electron transport activity and dissipated less energy as heat, possibly as a result of their better phosphorus status, leading to more functional reaction centres. Observed changes in fluorescence were correlated to changes in gas exchange and biomass. Standard phosphorus treatments significantly increased biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic and respiratory rates, carboxylation efficiencies and levels of ribulose biphosphate regeneration rates, relative to plants with low supplies of nutrients.