Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subjective and objective theory

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Subjective and objective theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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vom Lehn, Dirk, Helena Webb, Christian Heath, and Will Gibson. "Objective Measures and Subjective Reports." International Review of Qualitative Research 10, no. 2 (August 2017): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.2.128.

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The paper discusses how visual research methods that draw on ethnomethodology and conversation analysis can help sociologists to reveal how optometrists’ assess the clarity of their clients’ distance vision. It argues that the detailed analysis of video-recorded interactions in optometric consultation rooms can help reveal the practical organization of the ‘routine’ work through which optometrists examine and assess their clients’ sight. Save for the contribution of the paper to methodological discussions about the use of visual data for the analysis of the practical work of optometrists, the paper also demonstrates how video-based research can add to recent debates in organizational sociology, workplace studies, and practice theory as well as to discussions about service quality and quality of care in health-service settings.
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Baise. "The Objective-Subjective Dichotomy and Rand's Trichotomy." Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 17, no. 2 (2017): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.17.2.0227.

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Dorsey, Dale. "Objective Morality, Subjective Morality, and the Explanatory Question." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 6, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v6i3.65.

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A common presupposition in metaethical theory is that moral assessment comes in (at least) two flavors, one of which is sensitive to our epistemic circumstances, the second of which is not so sensitive. Though this thought is popular, a number of questions arise. In this paper, I limit my discussion to what I dub the "explanatory question": how one might understand the construction of subjective moral assessment given an explanatorily prior objective assessment. I argue that a proper answer to this question is important not simply for its own sake, but because it also sheds new light on important challenges to the existence of both objective and subjective moral obligations.
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He, Hujun, Chong Tian, Gang Jin, and Le An. "An Improved Uncertainty Measure Theory Based on Game Theory Weighting." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (May 27, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3893129.

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In the application of uncertainty measure theory, the determination method of index weight mainly includes the subjective weight determination method and the objective weight determination method. The subjective weight determination method has the disadvantages affected by the subjective preference of the decision-maker. The objective weight determination method often ignores the participation degree of the decision-maker, and when using the uncertainty measure evaluation model to perform multi-index classification evaluation, the credible degree recognition criterion is often used as the attribute recognition of the object to be measured, because the credible degree is taken by the subjective people, and the different values of different people have a great influence on the evaluation results. In order to solve the above problems in the uncertainty measure theory, this paper used the combination weighting of game theory to determine the optimal weight. At the same time, the credible degree recognition criterion was improved on the basis of the concept of minimum uncertainty measure distance, and a game theory-improved uncertainty measure optimization model was proposed. Finally, the validity of the model was proven by a case.
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Nash, Ronald. "The Subjective Theory of Economic Value." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (1991): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199131/23.

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More than a century has passed since economists came to realize that economic value is subjective. This discovery in the 1870s produced a revolution almost as important as the one resulting from the 1776 publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations. The failure to recognize or understand the subjectivist revolution is at the root of many twentieth-century economic errors. Many Christians are handicapped in their approach to this important discovery. They believe that since they are required to believe that moral values are objective, that is, independent of human preference and desire, they must resist any effort to make economic value subjective. The purpose of this essay is to show that such thinking is mistaken. Christians and others have nothing to fear from the subjectivist revolution in economics. In fact, understanding and accepting this discovery is an essential step toward economic literacy.
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Wolford, Lisa. "Subjective Reflections on Objective Work: Grotowski in Irvine." TDR (1988-) 35, no. 1 (1991): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1146117.

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Real, Leslie. "Objective Benefit Versus Subjective Perception in the Theory of Risk-Sensitive Foraging." American Naturalist 130, no. 3 (September 1987): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284717.

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Verburgt, Lukas M. "The objective and the subjective in mid-nineteenth-century British probability theory." Historia Mathematica 42, no. 4 (November 2015): 468–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hm.2015.01.003.

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Portales, Carlos. "Objective Beauty and Subjective Dissent in Leibniz’s Aesthetics." Estetika: The European Journal of Aesthetics 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/eeja.171.

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Kajtar, Laszlo, Jozsef Nyers, Janos Szabo, Laszlo Ketskemety, Levente Herczeg, Anita Leitner, and Balazs Bokor. "Objective and subjective thermal comfort evaluation in Hungary." Thermal Science 21, no. 3 (2017): 1409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151005095k.

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Thermal comfort sensation can be predicted in the most exact way based on Fanger?s predicted mean vote (PMV) model. This evaluation method takes all the six influencing factors into consideration: air temperature and humidity, air velocity, mean radiant temperature of surrounding surfaces, clothing insulation, and occupants? activities. Fanger?s PMV method was developed for temperate climate and European people, with the participation of university students as subjects. Many researchers had investigated its validity in different geographic locations (i. e. climatic conditions, people) and under non-laboratory circumstances. The results were summarised by van Hoof which had been published in the scientific references. The articles gave us the idea to elaborate the former measurement results. During the last decades thermal comfort was evaluated by our research team using subjective scientific questionnaires and applying the objective Fanger?s model in several office buildings in Hungary. The relation between the PMV and actual mean vote values were analysed based on these results. Investigations were carried out under steady-state conditions in winter time. We performed objective thermal comfort evaluations based on instrumental measurements using the PMV theory. Parallel to this we assessed the subjective thermal sensation using scientific questionnaires. The mathematical relationship between the actual mean vote and PMV was defined according to the evaluated thermal environment: AMV = PMV + 0.275, (arg. ?1.7 ? PMV ? +0.5).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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Swenson, Andrea Valeria Roets. "Making Romantic Relationships Tick: Objective and Subjective Time Use and Relationship Quality Among Business Owners." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70908.

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This study assesses the contextual aspect of working in a family business on intimate relationships. Guided by principles of ecological theory, this study explores the unique situation of individuals who work with an intimate partner in a business they own and how this situation manifests itself in their close relationship. Individuals in a family business are confronted with a potentially unique family-work experience, especially for spouses/partners who work together in a business. It is hypothesized that objective and subjective work time influence couple relationship quality. Six specific hypotheses centered on the connection between family and work microsystems as well as the influence of macrosystem beliefs regarding family, work, and gender were assessed by regression analysis. Ninety-nine individuals completed a demographic and daily diary online. The sample was 52.53% men, 78.79% White, and educated (63.63% held at least Bachelor degrees). The majority of the sample was legally married (91.92%), with an average relationship length of 16.20 years (SD = 12.74 years). Regression analyses revealed limited support for the hypotheses. For people in family businesses, working more hours was associated with greater withdrawal from their intimate partner. Perceiving work time as sad was linked to more withdrawal from partner and more anger with partner, but not linked with feelings of closeness to partner. People who felt time at work as appreciated reported feeling closer to their intimate partner. The more respondents believed it was meaningful to distinguish between work and family, the less closeness to their partner they reported. Finally, age was significant for relationship quality, with younger individuals reporting more withdrawal and anger with partner and less closeness to their partner than did older individuals. This study contributes to research exploring the connection between family and work among individuals who work together in family businesses. While objective work time was associated with the measure of withdrawal from a partner, objective work time did not significantly contribute to the report of anger with a partner or closeness to a partner. Overall, how individuals felt during work time had an effect on their spousal/partner relationship, with feeling sad at work associated with more relationship withdrawal and anger, and feeling appreciated at work associated with more closeness. Limited support for the model suggests there may be unique processes of work and family operating within family businesses. Although work and family microsystems were connected in this study of family business owners, the links between work and family were different from previous research on dual- and single-earner families. Future research should untangle the processes through which work and family and time are connected, with attention to larger cultural influences, particularly how individuals within family businesses do work and family and how families ascribe to and enact gender within family businesses. In addition, further research should assess the degree to which microsystems can be differentiated in populations characterized by an extreme mesosystem connection between work and family.
Ph. D.
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Lacerda, Teresa Isabel Machado Moura de Oliveira e. Ferraz. "Elementos para a construção de uma estética do desporto." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29513.

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Escobar, Rozas Freddy. "Ulpian’s offer: The subjective value of the patrimonial nature of the contract." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107264.

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With respect to the patrimonial nature of thecontract, derived from the patrimonial nature of  the benefit, a lot has been written and proposed. Authors from different periods andwith different ideas have addressed the subject, since  it  is  fundamental  to  understand  thebasic concepts of obligation and contractualrelationship. The stance of the majority findsthe foundation of the patrimonial nature of the benefit in being a limit to private autonomy,since such  nature,  which  is  susceptible  ofeconomic value, is defined by the social context,and not by the parties.In this article, the author rejects and discusses the mentioned stance. Based on the liberty that each person has to determine what is more convenient for himself and what is more efficient in economic terms, the author defends a subjective vision of the patrimonial nature of the contractual relation, and gives a different function and foundation to the patrimonial nature of the benefit: Being essential for the calculation  of  the  compensation  in  case of breach.
Respecto a la patrimonialidad del contrato,derivada de la patrimonialidad de la prestación, se ha escrito y propuesto mucho. Autores de diversas épocas e ideas han tocado eltema, siendo fundamental para entender los conceptos  básicos  de  obligación  y  relacióncontractual. La postura mayoritaria encuentra el fundamento de la patrimonialidad dela prestación en ser un límite a la autonomía privada, ya que lo patrimonial, aquello susceptible de valor económico, no lo definen laspartes, si no el contexto social.En el presente artículo, el autor rechaza y discute dicha postura. Basándose en la libertad que tiene cada persona de definir lo más conveniente para sí y lo más eficiente en términos económicos, defiende una visión subjetiva de la patrimonialidad de la relación contractual y le da a la patrimonialidad de la prestación una función y un fundamento diferente: El ser indispensable para el cálculo de la indemnización en caso de incumplimiento.
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Yenisoy, Eylem. "The Critiques Of The Enlightenment By Max Horkheimer And Theodor Adorno And Their Understanding Of A New Method And Philosophy." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608105/index.pdf.

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The strong part of Horkheimer and Adorno&rsquo
s philosophy is their critique of the Enlightenment. They argue that the consequent of the Enlightenment has been the destruction of the Enlightenment itself. There are two main reasons in the background of this destruction. First of them is the destruction of individual because of the understanding of reason in the Enlightenment. Individuals cannot define their existence beyond the determined roles of society any more. The second reason is the certain distinction between the human beings and nature. The epistemology of the Enlightenment makes nature an object of knowledge and views the world as a summation of facts. This understanding makes subjects passive in providing the objectivity of knowledge. Accordingly, the subject is alienated from his or her knowledge. Horkheimer and Adorno&rsquo
s critical thinking provides possibility for the human autonomy. It tries to understand human beings and society in a dialectical process. It considers the relation between parts and the whole as a mutual relation. According to Horkheimer and Adorno, the relation between subject and object is neither an absolute duality nor an absolute unity.
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Färber, Jan. "Teorie hodnoty a její význam pro ekonomii jako vědu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114443.

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This thesis presents a positive answer to the question: "Is theory of value an unjustly overlooked subject of economics?" The positive answer is arrived at by analysis of logical and historical genesis of the concept of value itself and consequences of its nature to both concept of value and its applicability, as well as for economics proper and some of its subject matters (choice theory, theory of money and welfare theory).
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Bain, Jonathan. "Subjective-Objective-Subjective: The Science Of Propaganda." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32197.

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This thesis discusses the following: 1. That, while advertising practitioners employ various levels of scientific endeavour (particularly strategic insight development, but also research, demographic data collection, and other objective tools of the trade), its final output is ultimately nonscientific, i.e. subjective creative ideation. (In this way, advertising is not dissimilar to the classic ‘art' of propaganda.) 2. That, for reasons of business necessity, creative ego and a latent form of ‘inferiority complex' the advertising industry describes its work in presentations to more scientifically-orientated clients as a more scientific proposition. 3. That, in contrast, as evidenced by the physical production process of the advertising idea (post the client presentation) – as well as in industry texts, award ceremonies, and selected case studies – advertising practitioners effectively acknowledge the subjective nature of their work. 4. That further evidence of this scientific ‘terministic screen' (Burke 1950, pp. 26-27) is also revealed in the failure of some television commercials to profitably ‘connect' as intended with an audience – thus undermining claims to the objective approach that preceded these commercials. 5. That, possibly, as is implied in at least one ethnographic case study, not even clients are necessarily convinced by advertising science: the ‘screen' may be a two-way mirror. 6. That there is, more broadly, a constant dialectic between right-brained creativity and the left-brained business project. 7. That this tension is a microcosm of the capitalist enterprise, and, in an increasing number of present examples, is perversely reflected in the advertising industry's output as anti-capitalist brand messaging. 8. That it is possible to think of advertising as a sub-set of a more consumer-orientated ‘design'. 6 9. That, admittedly within limited confines of my research, there is a tantalising indication that, generally, advertising artefacts were historically more logos-led, are currently more pathos-led, and may in future benefit from a more ethos-led orientation.
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Chen, David. "Subjective and objective vehicle handling behaviour." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/627/.

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This thesis presents results from a research project seeking to correlate subjective and objective measures of automobile handling. An underlying goal of the work was to demonstrate how a relatively simple lumped parameter model, suitable for effective use at the early stages of vehicle design, could be used to predict both the objective responses and subjective feel of the car. The work associated with the project was centred around sixteen configurations of a prototype saloon car. Objective evaluation included ISO defined steady state, step input, and frequency response testing. Subjective assessments were conducted by eight trained test drivers who supplied feedback in the form of numerical ratings on a questionnaire covering various aspects of handling. Examination of the two sets of data highlighted aspects of handling for which driver ratings correlated with objective data. It was also possible to quantify the average effect each objective response parameter had on driver ratings and thus to identify responses which most strongly influence subjective ratings. In addition a lumped parameter model allowing for lateral, yaw and roll degrees of freedom was validated against the experimental data. This validation demonstrated that the model was capable of accurate steady state and transient predictions both in the linear and non-linear range. The work concludes with a brief discussion about how the validated model, combined with the knowledge gained from the correlation work, could be used by engineers to streamline the design and development process.
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Nabi, Ghulam Rasul. "Predictors of objective and subjective career success." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1999. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20076/.

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The main aim of this research was to examine predictors of both objective (salary). and subjective (perceived) career success. Three sets of predictors were examined: (1) individual attributes, (2) organisational opportunity structures and (3) career strategies. It was expected that a different pattern of variables would predict objective and subjective career success. In addition, the mediating role of career strategies was examined. It was expected that individual attributes and opportunity structures would be positively related to the use of career strategies, and that these strategies would be positively related to career success. Cross-sectional survey methodology was employed to collect data from a sample of 723 full-time employees in administrative/ technical, academic and managerial posts at several British universities. According to expectations, a different pattern of variables was related to objective and subjective career success. The strongest predictors of objective career success were education, organisational size and extended work involvement. In contrast, the strongest predictors of subjective career success were internal labour market perceptions of structured career progression and employment security. Separate analyses by gender and occupational group revealed a similar difference in the profile of predictors of objective and subjective career success. Overall, the results suggested that the variables that related to objective career success were often not the same as those related to subjective career success. This was taken as support for the main theme of this research that objective and subjective career success, although related, are substantially distinct concepts. Contrary to expectation, however, the results provided limited support for the mediating role of career strategies in the relationship between individual attributes, organisational opportunity structures and career success (objective and subjective). Only individual attributes (education and work centrality) were positively related to the use of career strategies (extended work involvement, selfpromotion and networking), and these strategies in turn were positively related to objective or subjective career success. However, the mediating role of career strategies was weak, albeit statistically significant. A number of limitations, mainly regarding the cross-sectional nature of the study, are discussed. Educational and organisational implications of the findings are suggested. Finally, a two-dimensional model of career success is proposed, incorporating the findings of the present research with reference to the predictors of objective and subjective career success, together with suggestions for further research.
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Meit, Heather Anderson. "Objective and subjective personality characteristics of medical students." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1919.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 68 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-62).
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Su, He Zhicheng Xuxin. "Links between Subjective Assessments and Objective Metrics for Steering." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-101925.

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The characteristics of vehicle steering perception are decisive factors concerning vehicle safety and overall pleasure behind the wheel. It is a challenge for vehicle manufacturers to achieve these features and qualities, because usually vehicle tuning almost only relies on subjective evaluation of test drivers, which is costly and time consuming. In order to optimize suspension design and develop a tool that can be used to evaluate steering with objective metrics instead of subjective assessment, links between them must be confirmed. In this master thesis, both objective and subjective testing data of over 20 vehicles across four different segments are introduced in linear and nonlinear analysis. Linear regression analysis is applied to investigate simply positive or negative correlation between a pair of subjective-objective parameters. However, even if certain linear correlations are obtained, it is still hard to define the optimal value for objective metrics. Considering that the general shape of a correlation function can reveal which objective range give higher subjective rating, it is possible to define these preferred ranges with Neural Network (NN). The best data available is adopted from three drivers who tested 15 sedans, and some interesting results are found. The initial results demonstrate that NN is a powerful tool to uncover and graphically illustrate the links between objective metrics and subjective assessments, i.e., the specific range leading to better steering feel. Given a larger sample size, more reliable and optimal links can be defined by following the same method. These confirmed links would enable vehicle dynamics engineers to more effectively develop new vehicles with nearly perfect steering feel.
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Books on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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Subjective, intersubjective, objective. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001.

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Klempner, Geoffrey V. Naive metaphysics: A theory of subjective and objective worlds. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1994.

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Subjective and objective Bayesian statistics: Principles, models, and applications. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2003.

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Press, S. James, ed. Subjective and Objective Bayesian Statistics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470317105.

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Diefenbeck, James A. A subjective theory of organism. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1995.

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Issues in clinical psychology: Subjective versus objective approaches. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1993.

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Rowe, Alicia L. Anchoring effects on objective and subjective visual stimuli. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2007.

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Osmond, Marie Withers. Women and work in Cuba: Objective conditions and subjective perceptions. East Lansing, MI (202 International Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1035): Office of Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1988.

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Nakajima, Chihiro. Subjective equilibrium theory of the farm household. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Nakajima, Chihiro. Subjective equilibrium theory of the farm household. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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Fiat, Amos, and Hila Pochter. "Subjective vs. Objective Reality — The Risk of Running Late." In Algorithmic Game Theory, 279–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79309-0_25.

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Krupa, Viktor. "Is the basis of exoticism subjective or objective?" In Sprache zwischen Theorie und Technologie / Language between Theory and Technology, 103–11. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81289-6_9.

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Poetschke, Julian, and Gerd G. Gauglitz. "Objective Assessment Technologies: General Guidelines for Scar Assessment." In Textbook on Scar Management, 143–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_16.

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AbstractScar assessment has long relied on a variety of instruments, most of them questionnaires or scales that are susceptible to bias and limit the level of evidence in research. Throughout recent years, a variety of objective assessment tools have been developed. They allow for the exact quantification of different scar parameters such as texture, pliability, color, and size, thus facilitating detailed progress analysis throughout treatment.The advent of new technology, however, has its pitfalls, too. The number of different technologies available is hard to review, and oftentimes, clinical validation is lacking, making it hard for researchers to gauge whether a certain instrument is adequate for their individual projects.The use of each individual instruments has different requirements regarding patient preparation and calibration, and the measurements themselves can often be adjusted through a variety of parameters. This requires intensive familiarization with the respective instruments. Additionally, interpretation of the data can be complicated, and distinguishing statistically significant differences from clinically important differences remains difficult.Modern technology, however, allows researchers to measure treatment effects that otherwise would have eluded them through the use of subjective evaluation only.Through objective scar assessment technology and its detailed abilities to document changes throughout treatment, the evidence in scar-related research can be greatly improved, and current as well as new treatment options can finally be adequately gauged for their efficacy.
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Moortgat, Peter, Mieke Anthonissen, Ulrike Van Daele, Jill Meirte, Tine Vanhullebusch, and Koen Maertens. "Objective Assessment Techniques: Physiological Parameters in Scar Assessment." In Textbook on Scar Management, 159–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_18.

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AbstractIn order to assess new and often costly treatments, the need for objective scar measurement tools has become increasingly important. A combination of subjective and objective measures should be the aim of every researcher. Quantitative assessment of scars requires devices to measure their physical and physiological properties. Physiological scar parameters are scar characteristics relevant to pathological scarring which cannot be seen with the bare eye. This also means that they can only be assessed with objective assessment tools.Skin hydration is defined as the water content of the epidermis and the dermis, and the ability of the skin to retain water is important to avoid dry appearance of the skin and prolonged inflammation in scarring. Many approaches exist to measure skin water content. One single method is often not enough to capture all the relevant information. Trans-epidermal water loss, stratum corneum water content, and dermal water content are equally important and related to each other.Scar maturation has been related to transcutaneous oxygen tension, and it is hypothesized that low levels of transcutaneous oxygen pressure in evolving scars result from low oxygen diffusibility through scar tissue.Tactile sensitivity of the skin can be measured by esthesiometers. The Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test is found to be a feasible and reliable outcome measure to evaluate touch perception threshold in older upper extremities burn scars.
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Taylor, Tim E. "Objective or Subjective?" In Knowing What is Good For You, 37–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230359796_4.

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Brown, Margaret. "Participation Objective, Participation Subjective." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2589–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1826.

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Davidson, Donald. "A Coherence Theory of Truth and Knowledge." In Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective, 137–58. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198237537.003.0010.

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Lazar, Seth. "Deontological Decision Theory and the Grounds of Subjective Permissibility." In Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics Volume 9, 204–22. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198846253.003.0010.

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If we had perfect information, then we could say, for any given objectively permissible act, what makes it objectively permissible. But when we have imperfect information, when we must decide under risk and uncertainty, what then makes an act subjectively permissible or impermissible? There are two salient possibilities. The first is the “verdicts” approach. It grounds judgments of subjective permissibility in probabilistically discounted judgments of objective permissibility. The principle “minimize expected objective wrongness” takes this approach. The second is the “reasons” approach. It grounds subjective permissibility in probabilistically discounted objective reasons. “Maximize expected utility” is one example. Chapter 10 considers whether the verdicts approach or the reasons approach to grounding judgments of subjective permissibility is better suited for deontological decision-making with imperfect information. Perhaps surprisingly, the reasons approach comes out on top.
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"6 Imagining the Subjective and Inventing the Objective." In The Crisis from Within: Historians, Theory, and the Humanities, 186–215. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004292727_008.

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McKendrick, Ewan. "2. Agreement: Objective or Subjective?" In Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198808169.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the approach adopted by the courts when seeking to ascertain the intention of the parties to a contract. The general rule is that the existence and content of an agreement are questions that must be answered by reference to the intention of the parties, objectively ascertained. Two leading cases are presented that consider the scope of the objective test, namely Smith v. Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597 and Centrovincial Estates plc v. Merchant Investors Assurance Company Ltd [1983] Com LR 158. The discussion then turns to the case where one party attempts to ‘snap up’ an offer which he knew that the offeror did not intend, and the case where one party was at fault in failing to notice that the other party’s offer contained a mistake, or he was himself responsible for inducing that mistake in the other party. The chapter concludes that it is not necessary to resort to a subjective approach in order to explain these cases; they can be analysed in terms consistent with the objective test which is generally applied by the courts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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Ballentine, Leslie, Guillaume Adenier, Andrei Yu Khrennikov, Pekka Lahti, Vladimir I. Man'ko, and Theo M. Nieuwenhuizen. "Objective and Subjective Probabilities in Quantum Mechanics." In Quantum Theory. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2827319.

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Chaabouni, A., Y. Gaudeau, J. Lambert, J. M. Moureaux, and P. Gallet. "Subjective and objective quality assessment for H264 compressed medical video sequences." In 2014 4th International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2014.7001922.

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Slattery, Robyn Maree. "Objective versus subjective methods to assess discipline-specific knowledge: a case for Extended Matching Questions (EMQs)." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5473.

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Background: Extended matching questions (EMQs) were introduced as an objective assessment tool into third year immunology undergraduate units at Monash University, Australia. Aim: The performance of students examined objectively by multiple choice questions (MCQs) was compared to their performance assessed by EMQs; there was a high correlation coefficient between the two methods. EMQs were then introduced and the correlation of student performance between related units was measured as a function of percentage objective assessment. The correlation of student performance between units increased proportionally with objective assessment. Student performance in tasks assessed objectively and subjectively was then compared. The findings indicate marker bias contributes to the poor correlation between marks awarded objectively and subjectively. Conclusion: EMQs are a valid method to objectively assess students and their increased inclusion in the assessment process increases the consistency of student marks. The subjective assessment of science communication skills introduces marker bias, indicating a need to identify, validate and implement, more objective methods for their assessment. Keywords: Extended matching question (EMQ); Objective assessment (OA); SA (SA); Marker bias; Discipline-specific assessment; Science communication assessment
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Faruqi, S., V. Mann, W. Sheedy, CE Wright, R. Thompson, and AH Morice. "Subjective and Objective Measurements of Cough: Do They Correlate?." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5763.

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Shuai-ying, Peng, Li Guang-jie, Meng Fan-qi, Qin Sheng-wu, and Wang Xue-dong. "Application of extenics theory in hazard assessment of debris flow based on comprehensive weighting of subjective and objective methods." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5769457.

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Kang, Koo Tae, and Uhn Seob Byun. "Objective Evaluation of Diesel Combustion Noise in Vehicle Passenger Compartment." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14271.

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The combustion noise of diesel engine during run up and idle condition makes unpleasant interior noise in passenger car whose market share is increasing nowadays. There were few studies to quantify the unpleasantness of combustion noise. We tried to introduce an objective metrics which matches well with subjective ratings of combustion noise. To get the objective metrics, the combustion noise signal was analyzed by many different methods based on the human hearing sense. In the end, we found out that the modulation amplitudes of each frequency band match well with the unpleasant characteristics of combustion noise. Then, an objective index was developed from the combination of modulation amplitudes on the basis of the human hearing sense. The index was shown to be in good correlations with subjective ratings in general.
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Mantiuk, Rafał K. "Quantifying image quality in graphics: perspective on subjective and objective metrics and their performance." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Bernice E. Rogowitz, Thrasyvoulos N. Pappas, and Huib de Ridder. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2008369.

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Karymshakov, Kamalbek, and Burulcha Sulaimanova. "The Education-Job Mismatch Determinants Among Youth of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01967.

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This paper aims to examine determinants of education-job mismatch among youth in Kyrgyzstan. Analysis are based on the data School-to-Work Transition Survey (STWT) for 2013. Education-job mismatch is measured by the subjective and objective approach. Subjective approach is based on subjective self-reporting of youth whether their education match to their current employment requirements. Objective approach uses field of work according to the ISCO classification and then the required level of education for a certain position is compared to highest level of education. Determinants of education-job mismatch are identified according to objective measures. Bivariate discrete estimation technique is applied.
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Du, Li, Liping He, and Hong-Zhong Huang. "Evidence Theory-Based Reliability Analysis and Optimization in Engineering Design." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34626.

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Engineering design under uncertainty has gained considerable attention in recent years. There exist two different types of uncertainties in practical engineering applications: aleatory uncertainty that is classified as objective and irreducible uncertainty with sufficient information on input uncertainty data and epistemic uncertainty that is a subjective and reducible uncertainty that is caused by the lack of knowledge on input uncertainty data. Among several alternative tools to handle uncertainty, evidence theory has proved to be computationally efficient and stable tool for reliability analysis and design optimization under aleatory and/or epistemic uncertainty involved in engineering systems. This paper attempts to give a better understanding of uncertainty in engineering design with a general overview. The overview includes theoretical research, computational development, and performable ability consideration of evidence theory during recent years. At last, perspectives on future research are stated.
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Isaacs, Jason, Sean MacKinnon, Kayla Joyce, and Sherry Stewart. "Cannabis Use Among Women: Does Daily Assessment Reactivity Affect Usage Patterns?" In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.30.

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BACKGROUND: Daily diary measurements are a common way to assess substance use behaviours, however researchers and clinicians are often cognizant of assessment reactivity (or “reactivity”) in daily substance use measurement. Reactivity involves changes to behaviours that result simply from self-monitoring those behaviours. When reactivity to substance use measurement has been found to exist, it has been identified both as a possible confound in daily diary research and a potential intervention tool in clinical practice. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of alcohol and tobacco use has been investigated in prior research, however this research has been inconsistent. Reactivity to daily self-monitoring of cannabis use quantity has yet to be documented at all. METHOD: The current study involved secondary analyses of data from N=88 women who self-monitored their cannabis use for 32 consecutive days (Joyce et al., under review). We examined objective reactivity of cannabis use to daily self-monitoring both for the probability of use each day as well as the quantity of cannabis used on each cannabis-using day. At study completion, participants were asked the degree to which they felt self-monitoring impacted their cannabis use (i.e., subjective reactivity). We explored the reported degree of subjective reactivity, and we examined correspondence between objective and subjective reactivity. RESULTS: Hurdle models were the best fit for the data. Participants’ probability of daily cannabis use and the quantity of cannabis use did not change significantly over the study period. For subjective reactivity, many respondents (45%) reported no subjective reactivity, though a majority (55%) reported some degree of subjective reactivity with 24% reporting moderate or more reactivity. A three-step hierarchical linear model was used to investigate the relationship between objective and subjective reactivity. Time was the only predictor in the first step, subjective reactivity was added as a predictor in the second step, and the time x subjective reactivity interaction was explored in the final step. Subjective reactivity was not found to moderate the relationship between time and cannabis use, although there was a significant relationship between self-reported subjective reactivity and variability of cannabis use across the data collection period. CONCLUSIONS: This study determined that participants who report greater subjective reactivity to cannabis measurement are more likely to demonstrate variability in their cannabis usage. While this study did not find a significant change in cannabis scores over time because of reactivity, the non-significant results are valuable from both a research and a clinical standpoint. For research, the lack of change is an indicator that reactivity is likely not a confounding factor in studies involving cannabis daily diary research. From a clinical perspective, the non-significant change indicates that simply self-monitoring cannabis is unlikely to provide standalone benefits when daily self-monitoring is used in clinical practice. It is relevant to note that our study involved a non-help-seeking sample, and future research could benefit from determining whether cannabis reactivity may be moderated by help-seeking behaviours or motivations to change.
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Reports on the topic "Subjective and objective theory"

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Clark, Andrew E. Demography and well-being. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.deb02.

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Demography studies the characteristics of populations. One such characteristic is well-being: this was the subject of the 2019 Wittgenstein Conference. Here, I discuss how objective well-being domains can be summarised to produce an overall well-being score, and how taking self-reported (subjective) well-being into account may help in this effort. But given that there is more than one type of subjective well-being score, we would want to know which one is “best”. We would also need to decide whose well-being counts, or counts more than that of others. Finally, I briefly mention the potential role of adaptation and social comparisons in the calculation of societal well-being.
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Stevenson, Betsey, and Justin Wolfers. Subjective and Objective Indicators of Racial Progress. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18916.

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Maconachie, Roy, Neil Howard, and Rosilin Bock. Theorising ‘Harm’ in Relation to Children’s Work. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2020.003.

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A central and implicit issue that shapes the present political and institutional consensus surrounding child labour is the notion of harm. Although efforts to address children’s work rest firmly on assumptions about what is harmful, no coherent theory of harm exists. In this paper, we critically explore ‘harm’ in the context of children’s work and call for a more situated and nuanced approach, incorporating ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ dimensions. Such an approach has important implications for future research and policy action.
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Larson, Gerald, Robyn M. High-McRoy, Stephanie Booth-Kewley, David Service, Heidi Kraft, Emily A. Schmied, and Robert L. Koffman. Reintegrating Subjective and Objective Aspects of War-Related PTSD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada620092.

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Uehara, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Isoyama, Hikari Mukai, Yasuo Ishii, Hisami Ohishi, Kiyokazu Ogawa, Toshiharu Sato, et al. Analysis of Correlation Between Subjective and Objective Rating for Idling Sound of Diesel Truck. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0027.

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DELTA INFORMATION SYSTEMS INC HORSHAM PA. Development of a Video Tape to Correlate Subjective and Objective Testing of Teleconference Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239566.

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Mykhayliv, Natalya. THE SUBJECT OF OF “VOGUE” AND “HARPER’S BAZAAR” MAGAZINES. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11066.

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In the article according to the theory of the subject, patterns of the existence and genesis of the subject of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” (USA) magazines was analysed, perspective of the emergence of new subjects was established, classification of the current subjects into universal and synthetic was suggested and some regularities of authorial creation of new subjects was examined. The main objective of the study is to identify patterns of existence of actual and formation of new topics in the Means of Mass Communication on the example of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines. In studying of the empiric basis of the research the method of observation is applied; in finding common themes for both publications – a comparative method was used. The method of analysis was used in the decomposition of topics into separate topics; in isolation from the features of the topic, uncharacteristic of a journalistic work – abstraction was applied. The elucidation that the subject appears as a formal verbal expression of a set of homogeneous topics was done by applying the method of formalization. The main results of the research are: obtaining the new classification of topics of “Vogue” and “Harper’s Bazaar” magazines; identification of a significant manifestation of universal themes on the pages of publications; establishment of the basic subjective (deontological) bases of formation of new subjects. A theoretical level of their knowledge will enrich science, equip practice, promote individual and world harmony.
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Bittmann, Felix. Academic track mismatch and the temporal development of well-being and competences in German secondary education. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res5.1.

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Formal education is one of the most influential predictors of professional success. As parents in Germany are aware of the importance of education, they often try to enable their children to enrol in the prestigious academic schooling track (Gymnasium). This explains why the transition recommendation made by the teacher after the fourth grade is sometimes ignored if the desired track was not recommended for a particular student. How the mismatch between the teacher’s recommendation and the parents’ choice of schooling for their child affects the child’s development is not sufficiently known. It is very likely that such a mismatch can have consequences for the child’s well-being, competences and overall academic success. Based on five consecutive panel waves of German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) data (waves 1 to 5, collected between 2010 and 2016) (n = 2;790 in wave 1), our analyses demonstrate that social background and the probability of ignoring a teacher’s recommendation are associated, and that highly educated parents are more likely to overrule the teacher’s recommendation. Panel regression models show that pupils who pursued the academic track (Gymnasium) despite the absence of a teacher’s recommendation were more likely to drop out of the academic schooling track, and were not able to catch up with their peers with respect to both objective and subjective academic competences over the entire observation window. However, the models also show that academic track mismatch did not seem to negatively influence the health and well-being of these pupils.
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Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda, and Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.

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As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.
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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.
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