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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subjective contours

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Academic literature on the topic 'Subjective contours'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subjective contours"

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Kavšek, Michael, and Stephanie Braun. "Infants Perceive Three-Dimensional Subjective Contours." Perception 47, no. 12 (November 14, 2018): 1153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618811051.

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The addition of crossed horizontal disparity enhances the clarity of illusory contours compared to pictorial illusory contours and illusory contours with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Two infant-controlled habituation–dishabituation experiments explored the presence of this effect in infants 5 months of age. Experiment 1 examined whether infants are able to distinguish between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a Kanizsa figure with uncrossed horizontal disparity. Experiment 2 tested infants for their ability to differentiate between a Kanizsa figure with crossed horizontal disparity and a two-dimensional Kanizsa figure. The results provided evidence that the participants perceived the two- and the three-dimensional illusory Kanizsa contour, the illusory effect in which was strengthened by the addition of crossed horizontal disparity.

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Bressan, Paola, and Giorgio Vallortigara. "Subjective Contours Can Produce Stereokinetic Effects." Perception 15, no. 4 (August 1986): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150409.

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When a pattern of interrupted concentric circles drawn so as to produce an anomalous contour ellipse is slowly rotated in the frontoparallel plane, the subjective figure appears first to deform and then to tilt as a ring in 3-D space over motionless circles. Also, Benussi's floating cone can be obtained by placing an eccentric gray dot upon an anomalous solid ellipse and setting this figure into rotation. These patterns provide strong evidence that subjective contours can produce stereokinetic effects as effectively as real contours can. Implications for current explanations of stereokinetic effects are presented and discussed.

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Gurnsey, Rick, Frédéric J. A. M. Poirier, and Eric Gascon. "There is No Evidence That Kanizsa-Type Subjective Contours Can Be Detected in Parallel." Perception 25, no. 7 (July 1996): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250861.

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Davis and Driver presented evidence suggesting that Kanizsa-type subjective contours could be detected in a visual search task in a time that is independent of the number of nonsubjective contour distractors. A linking connection was made between these psychophysical data and the physiological data of Peterhans and von der Heydt which showed that cells in primate area V2 respond to subjective contours in the same way that they respond to luminance-defined contours. Here in three experiments it is shown that there was sufficient information in the displays used by Davis and Driver to support parallel search independently of whether subjective contours were present or not. When confounding properties of the stimuli were eliminated search became slow whether or not subjective contours were present in the display. One of the slowest search conditions involved stimuli that were virtually identical to those used in the physiological studies of Peterhans and von der Heydt to which Davis and Driver wish to link their data. It is concluded that while subjective contours may be represented in the responses of very early visual mechanisms (eg in V2) access to these representations is impaired by high-contrast contours used to induce the subjective contours and nonsubjective figure distractors. This persistent control problem continues to confound attempts to show that Kanizsa-type subjective contours can be detected in parallel.

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Ramachandran, V. S., and P. Cavanagh. "Subjective contours capture stereopsis." Nature 317, no. 6037 (October 1985): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317527a0.

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Bravo, Mary, Randolph Blake, and Sharon Morrison. "Cats see subjective contours." Vision Research 28, no. 8 (January 1988): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(88)90095-8.

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Hadad, Bat-Sheva, Daphne Maurer, and Terri L. Lewis. "The development of contour interpolation: Evidence from subjective contours." Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 106, no. 2-3 (June 2010): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2010.02.003.

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Sobel, K., and R. Blake. "Subjective contours and binocular rivalry." Journal of Vision 2, no. 7 (March 14, 2010): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/2.7.460.

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Gillam, Barbara, and Elia Vecellio. "Subjective Contours along Truncated Letters." Perception 41, no. 7 (January 2012): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7276.

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Kennedy, John M. "Line endings and subjective contours." Spatial Vision 3, no. 3 (1988): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856888x00104.

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van der Zwan, Rick, and Peter Wenderoth. "Psychophysical evidence for area V2 involvement in the reduction of subjective contour tilt aftereffects by binocular rivalry." Visual Neuroscience 11, no. 4 (July 1994): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800003114.

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AbstractPrevious research suggests binocular rivalry disrupts extrastriate, but not striate processes, although the locus along the visual pathway at which such disruption first occurs is uncertain. It has been argued that subjective contours arise via a two-stage process in which end-stopped cells feed into orientation-sensitive neurones in V2, and that orientation aftereffects induced with subjective contours are the product of mechanisms similar to those giving rise to real contour aftereffects. If binocular rivalry disrupts the acquisition of subjective contour aftereffects, then it follows from this model that rivalry disrupts processing in V2. Experiments reported here confirm this and provide evidence which suggests binocular rivalry arises through interactions between binocular neurones, rather than via some type of specialized binocular rivalry mechanism.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subjective contours"

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Sheth, Bhavin R. "Cortical representations of a class of subjective contours." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10619.

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Weidenbacher, Hollis Jean. "Subjective contours in the absence of local spatial and temporal correlation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186420.

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Subjective contours provide an opportunity to explore the limits of correspondence matching in motion. A new class of subjective contour which is a by-product of motion processing is examined within the context of the dual process models of retinal motion processing proposed by Braddick (1980) and Anstis (1980), as well as the more recent first-order/second-order formulation proposed by Cavanagh and Mather (1989). These kinetically induced figures are created by displacing a surface defined by dots which change randomly from frame to frame over a static random dot background. Despite the fact that local form information is uncorrelated throughout the motion sequence, the resulting phenomenal percept is that of a "sparkling" surface which translates across the background. The results of five experiments were not, however, fully consistent with predictions based on either model. An extension of the criteria necessary for the long-range system to be operative would accommodate the data within the context of the short-range/long-range model, whereas a more detailed definition of the properties and relationships between second-order attributes would accommodate the data within the framework of the first-order/second-order model.

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Poirier, Frederic J. A. M. "Equating discriminability of subjective contours across the visual field requires two scaling factors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ44801.pdf.

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Budek, M. H. "Relationship of ethnicity and gender to the visual perception of subjective contours and irradiation : responses of Arabs, Britons of Asian background, and Western-origin subjects to illusory contours, and comparison of Arabs and Westerners on irradiation." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233650.

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陳威宇. "A Subjective Contours Based CAPTCHA." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26401689988527398146.

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碩士
逢甲大學
資訊電機工程碩士在職專班
103
In the modern times featuring prevailing Internet services, the presence of Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is everywhere, whether when we are logging in through passwords and accounts, or buying tickets and shopping online, or leaving comments in a forum, etc. The test was originally designed mainly to tell whether the user was a human or a robot, but was later applied on the Internet to avoid the abuse of network resources by automatic programs. Current CAPTCHA appear usually in the text-based forms featuring twisted and deformed characters, as well as special background mechanisms. But in order to avoid optical character recognition (OCR), it is necessary to make the deformations more complicated. When over deformed, however, the characters will be difficult to recognize, resulting in poor user experiences. Therefore, image-based and audio-based CAPTCHAs have been gradually developed in recent years apart from text-based ones. Image-based CAPTCHAs achieve the authentication mainly by causing the user to find the relevance between different images, thus making the establishment of image databases the major problem with most image-based CAPTCHAs. When the database is not big enough, they could be decoded by people with ulterior motives. With the development of search-by-image technologies, it is even possible to determine the exact content of the images, thus posing great threats to image-based CAPTCHAs. This thesis thus proposes an image-based CAPTCHA on the basis of subjective contours. Since subjective contours use perceptions as their standing points, it will be difficult to determine their contents through search-by-image technologies. Different subjective contours could also be generated through different shieldings, thus also effectively resolving the problem of database expansion.

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Ando, Yoko. "Selection and organization of subjective contours." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5110.

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Subjective contours are physically invisible borders drawn on certain images that can nevertheless be seen by humans. This is because the human vision system makes assumptions on the occlusion of objects. The study of subjective contours is important for helping us understand more about the human visual perception. The purpose of this thesis is to understand the perception of subjective contours and to detect subjective contours by computer. The previous subjective contour detection systems limit the subjective contours they can detect by restricting the locations on the figures where the subjective contours can be seen and by using the consistent subjective surface orientation. In this thesis, we consider the overall organization of subjective contours. We do not put the restriction on the subjective surface orientation because we view the subjective contour as a boundary separating the two regions locally. A model for subjective contour detection is presented based on four criteria: no prior knowledge is necessary to detect a subjective contour; a subjective contour is a special type of occluding contour; the shape of a subjective contour is determined by the viewing condition; and it is possible to have many subjective contour organizations from one image. The rules for subjective contour organization are described and the model explains different types of subjective contour organizations. There are three stages in the computer implementation of subjective contour detection. The first stage is preprocessing of figures where the real contours are segmented according to their curvature discontinuities by Lowe's curve partition method. The next stage is local processing in which each real contour segment selects all the potential subjective contours and their connecting real contour segments. The final stage is global processing to organize the real and subjective contours which can be seen at the same time. Many subjective contour images are tested and good results are produced.

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Poirier, Frédéric J. A. M. "Equating discriminability of subjective contours across the visual field requires two scaling factors." Thesis, 1997. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/339/1/MQ44801.pdf.

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Performance in visual tasks can often be equated across eccentricities by proper scaling. The scaling or inverse magnification function (EMF), describes the ratio of peripheral to foveal stimulus size required to equate performance. Tasks and visual brain regions have different IMFs. It is argued in this thesis that IMFs may average out when a methodology insensitive to the presence of multiple IMFs is used. This fact is demonstrated through simulations. The present thesis introduces a data fitting technique that detects the presence of multiple IMFs in a psychophysical task. These are revealed as an interaction between stimulus configuration and eccentricity. These new techniques were used to investigate the percept of subjective contours (SC) defined by offset gratings which are thought to be encoded through a cooperation of V1 and V2 cells, two brain areas described by different IMFs. Five participants discriminated the orientation of a SC presented foveally (monocularly or binocularly) and at four eccentricities. SC length and carrier grating wavelength were adjusted until performance converged on 81% correct. There was an interaction between eccentricity and stimulus configuration, F (20, 80) = 2.063, p = .0124, which was accounted for only if two IMFs were assumed. It was found that SC length (V2) scaled faster than the wavelength (V1) as a function of eccentricity. This qualitatively agrees with anatomical measures of V1 and V2 IMFs. The method developed here provides a more informative and more objective measure of eccentricity-dependent performance limitations than other commonly-used methods.

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Keeble, David R. T., and S. J. Hawley. "Tilt aftereffect for texture edges is larger than in matched subjective edges, but both are strong adaptors of luminance edges." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4109.

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No
The tilt aftereffect (TAE) has been used previously to probe whether contours defined by different attributes are subserved by the same or by different underlying mechanisms. Here, we compare two types of contours between texture surfaces, one with texture orientation contrast across the edge (orientation contrast contour; OC) and one without, commonly referred to as a subjective contour (SC). Both contour types produced curves of TAE versus adapting angle displaying typical positive and negative peaks at ~15 and 70 deg, respectively. The curves are well fit by difference of Gaussian (DoG) functions, with one Gaussian accounting for the contour adaptation effect and the other accounting for the texture orientation adaptation effect. Adaptation to OC elicited larger TAEs than did adaptation to SC, suggesting that they more effectively activate orientation-selective neurons in V1/V2 during prolonged viewing. Surprisingly, both contour types adapted a luminance contour (LC) as strongly as did an LC itself, suggesting that the second-order orientation cue contained in the texture edge activates the same set of orientation-selective neurons as does an LC. These findings have implications for the mechanisms by which the orientations of texture edges and SCs are encoded

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Li, Xingshan. "Perception of Kanizsa subjective contour requires attention." 2005. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2435.

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Van, Niekerk Janet. "Subjective Bayesian analysis of elliptical models." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30945.

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The problem of estimation has been widely investigated with all different kinds of assumptions. This study focusses on the subjective Bayesian estimation of a location vector and characteristic matrix for the univariate and multivariate elliptical model as oppose to objective Bayesian estimation that has been thoroughly discussed (see Fang and Li (1999) amongst others). The prior distributions that will be assumed is the conjugate normal-inverse Wishart prior and also the normal-Wishart prior which has not yet been considered in literature. The posterior distributions, joint and marginal, as well as the Bayes estimators will be derived. The newly developed results are applied to the multivariate normal and multivariate t-distribution. For subjective Bayesian analysis the vector-spherical matrix elliptical model is also studied.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Statistics
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Books on the topic "Subjective contours"

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Gillam, Barbara. Subjective Contours. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0098.

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Subjective contours are perceived edges of surfaces in locations where there is no physical contour in the image. They cannot be regarded as a general neural filling-in process because they only occur as the edges of apparently occluding surfaces (surfaces in a scene that hide other surfaces or contours). This chapter shows how subjective contours are elicited by contextual evidence for surface stratification especially by “inducers” that signal in various ways that they are occluded in the location where the subjective contour appears. This can be two-dimensional information about figure shapes and alignments or three-dimensional information about depth relationships.

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Budek, Michael H. Relationship of ethnicity and gender to the visual perception of subjective contours and irradiation. Bradford, 1988.

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Kynes, Will. The Intertextual Network of Ecclesiastes and the Self-Reflective Nature of Genre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.003.0007.

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The numerous, often contrasting interpretations Ecclesiastes has inspired across history provide a clear example of the self-reflective character of genres. Rather than dismissing these readings completely, Wisdom included, because of their subjectivity, it is more profitable to understand each as a partial and selective perspective responding to some potential of the text. Whether inspired by the traditional collections before Wisdom Literature, intertextual links to other canonical genres, parallels to texts from across the ancient Near East, or comparisons based on the book’s literary features, such as form, tone, or content, each genre proposal reveals something about the nature of the text while falling short of comprehending the whole. Illuminating all the contours of the text’s rugged terrain while dispelling the “misleading shadows” of self-interested exegesis will require engaging with more rather than less of the subjective perspectives on its meaning.

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Bell, Gary F. Formation of Contract and Stipulations for Third Parties in Indonesia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808114.003.0018.

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Indonesia is one of the most legally diverse and complex countries in the world. It practises legal pluralism with three types of contract law in force: adat (customary) contract laws, Islamic contract laws (mostly concerning banking), and the European civil law of contract, transplanted from the Netherlands in 1847, found mainly in the Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). This chapter focuses on European civil law as it is the law used for the majority of commercial transactions. The civil law of contract is not well developed and there is a paucity of indigenous doctrine and jurisprudence, since most significant commercial disputes are settled by arbitration. The contours of the law are consistent with the French/Dutch legal tradition. In the formation of contracts, the subjective intention of the parties plays a greater role than in the common law. As with most jurisdictions with a Napoleonic tradition, the offer must include all the essential element of the contract, there is no concept of ‘invitations to treat’ or of ‘consideration’, the common law posting rule is rejected, and the contract is formed only when the acceptance is received. There are generally few requirements of form but some contracts must be in writing and some in a notarial deed.

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Munro, M. The Map and the Territory. punctum books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0319.1.00.

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“I didn’t even know that was a question I could ask.” That remark from a student in an introductory philosophy course points to the primary body of knowledge philosophy produces: a detailed record of what we do not know. When we come to view a philosophical question as well-formed and worthwhile, it is a way of providing as specific a description as we can of something we do not know. The creation or discovery of such questions is like noting a landmark in a territory we’re exploring. When we identify reasonable, if conflicting, answers to this question, we are noting routes to and away from that landmark. And since proposed answers to philosophical questions often contain implied answers to other philosophical questions, those routes connect different landmarks. The result is a kind of map: a map of the unknown. Yet when it comes to the unknown, and all the more so to its cartography, might it not make sense to take our orientation from Borges: What’s in question here, with respect to philosophical questions, is an incipient, unlocalizable threshold—a terrain neither subjective, nor entirely objective, one neither of representation, nor finally of simple immediacy—there where the map perceptibly fails to diverge from the territory. Amid Inclemencies of weather and fringed, as per Borges, with ruin and singular figures—with Animals and Beggars—what’s enclosed is an attempt to chart the contours of this curious immanence.

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Cicerone, Carol M., and Donald D. Hoffman. Illusory Color Spread from Apparent Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0042.

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Color from motion describes the perception of subjective color that spreads over physically achromatic regions that are seen in apparent motion. Multiple frames are shown in quick succession, each frame composed of a random placement of differently colored dots on an achromatic background. From frame to frame, the locations of all dots are fixed, whereas the color assignments of dots in the test region change. Subjective color can be measured by color matches to and cancellation by real lights, can be seen with chromaticity differences alone in test and surround dots, and is independent of contour formation. In stereoscopic view, the perception of depth, as well as color and form, can be recovered in tandem with seeing motion. This chapter suggests that in natural scenes, mechanisms triggered by motion may reconstruct the depth, color, and form of partially obscured objects so they can be seen as if in plain view.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subjective contours"

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Ben-Yacoub, Souheil. "Subjective contours detection." In Advances in Computer Vision, 71–77. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6867-7_8.

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Coren, Stanley, Clare Porac, and Leonard H. Theodor. "Set and Subjective Contour." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 237–45. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_26.

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Gillam, Barbara. "Perceptual Grouping and Subjective Contours." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 268–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_30.

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Ginsburg, Arthur P. "The Relationship Between Spatial Filtering and Subjective Contours." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 126–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_13.

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Julesz, Bela. "Subjective contours in early vision and beyond." In DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, 359–71. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/dimacs/019/18.

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Kellman, Philip J., and Martha G. Loukides. "An Object Perception Approach to Static and Kinetic Subjective Contours." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 151–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_16.

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de Weert, Charles M. M., and Noud A. W. H. van Kruysbergen. "Subjective Contour Strength and Perceptual Superimposition: Transparency as a Special Case." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 165–70. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_17.

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Warm, Joel S., William N. Dember, Robert A. Padich, John Beckner, and Scott Jones. "The Role of Illumination Level in the Strength of Subjective Contours." In The Perception of Illusory Contours, 176–82. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4760-9_19.

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Maceira, Alicia M., and Alistair A. Young. "Global and regional cardiac function." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 92–102. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0014.

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is currently the most accurate and reproducible method for the measurement of biventricular global and regional systolic function, as well as diastolic and atrial function. Regional wall motion can be visually evaluated and quantified with tissue tagging or feature tracking analysis techniques. Wall motion analysis is usually performed at rest but can also be done with low-dose and high-dose dobutamine. Segmental strain is best measured with tissue tagging or displacement-encoded phase contrast imaging. Current analysis software enables the measurement of ventricular volumes throughout the cardiac cycle, and assessment of left and right ventricular diastolic function can be done by evaluating the time–flow curve, derived from the volume–time curve obtained in the volumetric analysis. Although contrast between flowing blood and the myocardium in cardiac cine images is typically excellent, the precise placement of the contours is reader-dependent and training is highly recommended due to the subjective nature of contour placement.

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Gillam, Barbara. "The Role of Ground Features in the Perception of Figure-Ground and Subjective Contours." In Pioneer Visual Neuroscience, 167–76. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315170183-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subjective contours"

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Teranishi, M., N. Ohnishi, and N. Sugie. "Subjective contours are useful for extracting contours with very weak contrasts." In Proceedings of 1993 International Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN-93-Nagoya, Japan). IEEE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.1993.713878.

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Garibotto, Giovanni, and Valentin Garibotto. "Edge Tracking of subjective contours in Biomedical Imaging." In 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing (ICIAP 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciap.2007.4362864.

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Yacoub, S. B. "Detecting subjective contours with the hierarchical Hough transform." In Fifth International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications. IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950682.

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Rajaei, Boshra, Rafael Grompone von Gioi, Gabriele Facciola, and Jean-Michel Morel. "Straight subjective contour detector." In 2017 10th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis (ISPA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispa.2017.8073592.

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Cooper, P. R., Seungseok Hyun, and P. Yuen. "A Markov random field model of subjective contour perception." In Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. IEEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.1996.547242.

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Calemme, Marco, Marco Cagnazzo, and Beatrice Pesquet-Popescu. "Contour-Based Depth Coding: A Subjective Quality Assessment Study." In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia (ISM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ism.2015.34.

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Morie, T., and Youngjae Kim. "A subjective-contour generation LSI system with expandable pixel-parallel architecture for vision systems." In 2009 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.2009.4977516.

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Sou, Hiroki, and Takashi Morie. "A pixel-parallel state-propagation algorithm with self-update of propagation direction for subjective contour generation." In 2015 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispacs.2015.7432736.

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Chen, Yifan, Basavaraj Tonshal, James Rankin, and Fred Feng. "Development of an Integrated Simulation System for Design of Speech-Centric Multimodal Human-Machine Interfaces in an Automotive Cockpit Environment." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59309.

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In the past two decades, various CAE technologies and tools have been developed for design, development and specification of the graphical user interface (GUI) of consumer products both in and outside the automotive industry. The growing trend of deploying speech interfaces by automotive manufacturers and the resulting usage of speech requires that the work be extended to speech interface modeling — an area where both technologies and methodologies are lacking. This paper presents our recent work aimed at developing a speech interface integrated with an existing GUI modeling system. A multi-contour seat was utilized as the testbed for the work. Our prototype allows one to adjust the multi-contour seat with a touchscreen GUI, a steering wheel mounted button coupled with an instrument cluster display, or a speech interface. The speech interface modeling began with an initial language model, which was developed by interviewing both the experts and novice users. The interview yielded a base corpus and necessary linguistic information for an initial speech grammar model and dialog strategy. After the module was developed it was integrated into the exiting GUI modeling system, in a way that the human voice is treated as a standard input for the system, similar to a press on the touchscreen. The multimodal prototype was used for two customer clinics. In each clinic, we asked a subject to adjust the multi-contour seat using different modalities, including the touchscreen, steering wheel mounted buttons, and the speech interface. We collected both objective and subjective data, including task completion time and customer feedback. Based on the clinic results, we refined both the language model and dialogue strategy. Our work has proven effective for developing a speech-centric, multimodal human machine interface.

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Wang, Xu, Aleksandar Subic, and Reza Jazar. "Acoustic Holographic Analysis of Vehicle Side Mirror Power-Fold Actuator for Sound Quality Control." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37045.

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Abstract:

The possibility of application of acoustic holographic analysis with statistical envelope analysis algorithm for vehicle side mirror power-fold (PF) noise diagnostic is explored. The aim of this paper is to establish whether the sound visualization contours derived from the measurements can be used as a basis for the power-fold quality differentiation, and whether the results of noise source localization can suggest the best locations for signal sensor placement(s). With use of the acoustic camera, the diagnostic algorithm of the statistical envelope analysis is developed and validated using a large number of power-fold actuators comprising of subjectively ‘good’ and ‘bad’ samples. These power-fold actuators were tested and measured for the sound pressure spectra over the 1/3rd octave band over the frequency range up to 6300 Hz. Power-fold noise was measured by use of the microphone array. For given frequency limits of 1/3rd octave bands, sound pressure levels are measured on given power-fold actuators, an envelope algorithm was formed for the subjectively ‘good’ actuators, thus allowing to develop a quality control acceptance boundary envelope, with which, sound pressure spectrum amplitude of each individual actuator was compared. When the actuators have sound pressure spectrum amplitude curves falling within this boundary envelope, a pass status is obtained, and when the sound pressure spectrum amplitude curves stay outside of this envelope, a fail status is given.

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