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Journal articles on the topic 'Subjunctive mood'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Vesterinen, Rainer. "The Portuguese future subjunctive." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 15, no. 1 (2017): 58–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.15.1.03ves.

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Abstract Although the analysis of the Portuguese future subjunctive mood would contribute to a greater understanding of the general meaning of the subjunctive mood, this verb form has received considerably little attention compared to the other subjunctive forms, namely, the past and present subjunctives. The aim of the present paper is to fill this gap. Using the theoretical perspective of Cognitive Grammar, it will be shown that the Portuguese future subjunctive shares many characteristic features with other tenses of the subjunctive mood. In particular, the analysis shows that the Portugues

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2

Ngowa, Nancy Jumwa, and Deo S. Ngonyani. "The Subjunctive Mood in Giryama and Tanzanian Nyanja." Studia Orientalia Electronica 8, no. 3 (2020): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.69768.

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This paper presents a study of the Subjunctive in the Bantu languages of Giryama in Kenya (E72a) and Nyanja in Tanzania (N201), and explores its distribution in the two languages. As in other Bantu languages, the Subjunctive is a morphological feature characterized by a verbal suffix -e, an obligatory subject marker, and the absence of tense. Syntactically, the Subjunctive appears in independent clauses, as well as dependent clauses with a certain class of predicates and adverbial subordinators. Independent clauses that may carry the Subjunctive are those that express exhortations or suggestio

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Oikonomou, Despina, and Ivona Ilić. "Subjunctive Questions in Serbian." Journal of Slavic Linguistics 31, no. 3 (2024): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2024.a951677.

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abstract: We discuss Subjunctive Questions in matrix and embedded environments focusing on Serbian. Subjunctive Questions, which are common in Balkan languages, ask regarding the addressee's prioritizing state whereas Indicative Questions ask regarding the addressee's epistemic state. We argue that the source of prioritizing modality is subjunctive mood which is analysed as a prioritizing modal operator anchored to the matrix event (Hacquard 2006). Unlike non-interrogative subjunctives, we argue that subjunctive mood in questions is licensed due to the interrogative operator and not due to the

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Baunaz, Lena, Joanna Blochowiak, and Cristina Grisot. "Emotivity matters for mood licensing." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2024): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.465.

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French distinguishes between indicative vs. subjunctive markings morphologically, by showing mood on the embedded verb. Embedded subjunctive appears with specific (classes of) matrix predicates, like vouloir (want), while the indicative mood is found with others, such as dire (say). This suggests that the subjunctive is licensed lexically by specific classes of predicates. However, the existence of verbs like rêver (dream), which seem to accept both moods, poses a challenge to this idea and raises the question of the source of optional mood selection. A recent approach sheds light on the impor

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Li, Jingwen. "How to Teach Pragmatic Functions of English Subjunctive Mood." Frontiers in Sustainable Development 3, no. 7 (2023): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v3i7.5336.

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English subjunctive mood, with a variety of pragmatic functions to show English users’ regret, determination and the like, originates from the Old English. In early literature work, English subjunctive mood was widely used. However, nowadays the frequency of English subjunctive mood has declined, far from that in the past. There are several reasons accountable for its decline: (1) English users tend to use easier declarative mood to replace English subjunctive mood. (2) English users ignore some commonly used structures. (3) English users understand its pragmatic functions incomprehensively. F

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6

Zekaj, Mimoza. "Synonymy Relationships between the Subjunctive and the New Infinitive in the Syntactic Aspect." European Journal of Language and Literature 3, no. 1 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v3i1.p91-95.

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The object of this study is the relationship between the subjunctive mood and infinitive in the Albanian language. Subjunctive is one of the inherited moods in Albanian. Apart from the indicative, subjunctive is also widely used, because it expresses a variety of modal meanings. The frequency of subjunctive mood usage, mainly in the south dialect, is related to its use as a synonym to the infinitive. The subjunctive mood coincides with the non-finite forms, especially the infinitive. This coincidence is evident on the syntactic aspect and its functional point of view, as well. The synonymy of

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7

Ozonova, A. A. "Subjunctive Mood in the Altai Language." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 37 (2019): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2019-1-74-83.

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Semantics of subjunctive mood are expressed in most Turkic languages, however, subjunctive mood itself is not always included in the system of grammatical mood forms in descriptive grammars of specific languages. Analytical forms consisting of future tense participles of the main verbs and past tense forms of the auxiliary verbs serve as subjunctive mood markers in Turkic languages (excluding Khakas). In the following article, we analyze the structure, semantics, and functioning of the Altai subjunctive mood. The following analytical forms serve as subjunctive mood markers: -ar/-bas edi и -ɣaj

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8

Comeau, Philip. "When a linguistic variable doesn’t vary (much): The subjunctive mood in a conservative variety of Acadian French and its relevance to the actuation problem." Journal of French Language Studies 30, no. 1 (2019): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269519000255.

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AbstractThis study considers the subjunctive mood in one of the most conservative varieties of Acadian French, that spoken in the Baie Sainte-Marie region in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. A number of claims made in the literature are considered: whether the subjunctive mood is undergoing loss, whether it expresses semantic meaning, and whether it is lexically-conditioned. Unlike most spoken varieties of French where the subjunctive is argued to be a linguistic variable (i.e., it varies with other moods), the results for Baie Sainte-Marie show that it varies very little. The analysis re

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9

Serafim, Andreas. "The Mood of Persuasion: Imperatives and Subjunctives in Attic Oratory." Trends in Classics 14, no. 2 (2022): 299–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tc-2022-0013.

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Abstract This paper aims to examine whether imperatives are used in the same or a similar way in forensic, symbouleutic, and epideictic orations, what the semantic differences are between addressing the audience in the imperative and the so-called mandative subjunctive (which conveys requests, suggestions, and recommendations) or prohibitive subjunctive (which instructs the audience to avoid actions), and what impact these two moods are intended to have upon the judges and onlookers. It will be argued that subjunctives, when used in main clauses (those in subordinate clauses are not examined),

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10

Vesterinen, Rainer. "Factividade e modo verbal." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 49, no. 1 (2014): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.49.1.03ves.

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The traditional way of explaining the subjunctive mood in Portuguese is utterly related to the distinction made between reality and non-reality. That is, while the indicative mood has been explained in terms of reality, the subjunctive has been the mood of non-reality. Although this explanation covers many occurrences of the subjunctive mood, it is also recognized that it fails to explain the use of the subjunctive mood in factive contexts. This being so, the present study aims at explaining the variation between the indicative and subjunctive mood in factive contexts from a Cognitive Grammar

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11

Salman, Muhammad Barjes, and Omaima Ismaeel Salih. "Mood of Verbs in both Arabic and English Languages: A Contrastive study." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 29, no. 10, 2 (2022): 39–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.10.2.2022.24.

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In this research the notion of mood in both Arabic and English has been tackled . In English there are five types of mood: the indicative, the imperative, the interrogative, the conditional, and the subjunctive mood. Since ‘mood’ is related especially to syntax, five basic English grammatical notions: tense, aspect, mood, modality, and case are discussed to solve the ambiguity account the students in differentiating among these concepts. Arabic language has three basic moods in relation to the imperfect: the indicative, the subjunctive, and the jussive mood.

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Jumayeva, Shahlo Shokirovna. "THE MAIN CASES OF THE USE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN ENGLISH." International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education 4, no. 1 (2019): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3252758.

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The article is about the main cases of the use of Subjunctive Mood in English. As we know Subjunctive Mood is used to express wish, oath and imprecations. In simple sentences the synthetic forms of the Subjunctive Mood are more frequent than the analytical forms. The Subjunctive Mood is used in conditional sentences to express an unreal condition (in the subordinate clause) and an unreal consequence (in the principal clause). 

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13

Kim, Hyoungsup. "The Russian Modality in the Structure of ‘(что)бы + Vpast’". Korean Association of Slavic Languages 28, № 2 (2023): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2023.28.2.161.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of modality in Russian, particularly, in the structure of ‘(что)бы + Vpast’. Cross-linguistically subjunctive mood contains modal factors, such as volitions, wishes, counterfactual conditionals, necessity, desirability, etc. Generally, morphological markers for subjunctives are less than those for indicative. In the case of Russian, subjunctive mood is expressed as the structure of particle ‘(что)бы + Vpast’, which is a simplified form of 2/3 person, sg. aorist of Old Russian auxiliary быти+l-participle. Subjunctive more likely occurs

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14

Vesterinen, Rainer. "O modo verbal em expressões impessoais com o verbo ser." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 47, no. 1 (2012): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.47.1.04ves.

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The subjunctive mood has frequently been explained in terms of unreality, presupposition, non-assertion and the distinction between new and old information. Although these explanations offer a partial account of the semantics of this mood, it is shown that many occurrences of the subjunctive mood remain unexplained. This being so, the present paper aims at explaining the indicative and subjunctive mood in impersonal expressions with the verb ser from a Cognitive Grammar perspective of linguistic analysis. The analysis shows that the variation between the indicative and subjunctive mood in this

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15

Giancaspro, David. "Over, Under and Around: Spanish Heritage Speakers’ Production (and Avoidance) of Subjunctive Mood." Heritage Language Journal 16, no. 1 (2019): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.16.1.3.

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The present study explores the subjunctive mood production of 29 heritage speakers (HSs) of Spanish (17 advanced proficiency and 12 intermediate proficiency) and 14 Spanish-dominant controls (SDCs). All participants completed a Contextualized Elicited Production Task (CEPT), which tested their oral production of both lexically-selected (intensional) and contextually-selected (polarity) mood morphology in Spanish. Between-group analyses of the CEPT reveal that the HSs diverge significantly from the SDCs in subjunctive production, specifically by underproducing, overproducing, and avoiding subju

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16

Raihan, Sohel, and Mohammad Tarek. "Mood and Modality in Bangla: A Morpho-syntactic Investigation of Subjunctive Construction." Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics 7-8, no. 13-16 (2016): 157–78. https://doi.org/10.70438/dujl/781316/0009.

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Though the future imperative and subjunctive of Bangla are traditionally considered identical, strong evidence for exclusive functions of subjunctive are found in various morpho-syntactic contexts. Comparing Bangla mood and modality to English, and doing historical analysis of Bangla mood, it has been revealed that [- io] and [-uk] are subjunctive themes or markers of 2nd and 3rd persons respectively. As well as 3'd person honorific does not have any subjunctive marker. Basically, subjunctive forms of verbs are found in simple sentences, whereas some particular complementizers like [e] and [Ja

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17

Marques, Rui. "Explaining the Subjunctive in factive contexts." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.273.

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The occurrence of the Subjunctive mood in sentences describing facts is commonly seen as problematic, given the relation between Subjunctive and non-veridicality. One line that is explored in the literature to account for the Subjunctive in complement clauses of factive verbs is to link the occurrence of this mood in such contexts to gradability of the main clause’s predicate. However, such an account faces empirical problems, and is not extendable to other contexts where the Subjunctive occurs even if the sentence describes a fact of reality. This paper proposes an account for the occurrence

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18

Kamela, Marku. "LEARNING SPANISH SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD THROUGH MUSIC - "A DIOS LE PIDO" SONG." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 102 (April 25, 2025): 61–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15283091.

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The subjunctive mood presents a challenge for learners of Spanish as a second language due to its uses although that for Albanian students may sound a little bit more easy since in our language (Albanian) we have the subjunctive mood. Subjunctive mood in Spanish has a wider range of uses. This article shows how the professors may include music into their lessons and provide examples of the activities that promote linguistic skills in Spanish. The case study of the song A Dios le pido may not help only with the grammar and the study of Subjunctive mood in Spanish but may enhance their cult

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19

Solá Simón, Elena. "A single concept to teach mood contrastin Spanish." Current Visions of TAML2 8, no. 1 (2019): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.19005.sol.

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Abstract Traditional methods for the teaching of the Spanish mood system are generally focused on the different morphosyntactic and semantic connections between the matrix and the embedded clause. This generally entails the provision of an extensive classification of subordinate clauses with the embedded verb in the subjunctive mood plus another classification with the exceptions which students need to learn/memorise in order to use them under controlled conditions. A preliminary study was carried out in which L2 learners were introduced to the subjunctive mood following a different approach (

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20

Viner, Kevin Martillo. "Comment Clauses and mood choice in New York City Spanish." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 10, no. 5 (2019): 728–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.18046.vin.

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Abstract This paper focuses on Spanish grammatical mood variation in Comment Clauses (e.g., es mejor que no vayas (subjunctive) / vas (indicative) ‘it’s better you not go’) in the speech of two generations in New York City. The data come from 36 participants, 18 from each of two generational cohorts. Carried out within the variationist-sociolinguistic research paradigm, we test grammatical mood against eight variables, four external (generation, region, speaker sex, language skill) and four internal (grammatical tense, clause type, lexical identity, negation). Statistical findings reveal that

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Sánchez López, Cristina. "Subjuntivo en oraciones independientes." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 137, no. 2 (2021): 383–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2021-0016.

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Abstract In this paper, three cases of grammatical variation in Spanish are studied in which a subjunctive verb alternates with another verbal mood in a main clause: optative main sentences with a bare subjunctive verb (alternating with optative main sentences introduced by a conjunction or an adverb); declarative and interrogative sentences with a subjunctive verb (alternating with a conditional verb); and «retrospective imperative» sentences (where the subjunctive mood alternates with a perfect infinitive). It is proposed that, in the varieties where these main clauses with a subjunctive ver

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Petrov, Sergei Valerievich. "Conjunctive vs conditional in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language (compared to Spanish)." KANT 39, no. 2 (2021): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.67.

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The present research is at the intersection of comparative linguistics and methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the study is to consider the subjunctive mood from the point of view of the practice of teaching Russian in a foreign audience. The study emphasizes the need to separate the conditional and subjunctive moods for educational purposes by analogy with the mood system of the Spanish language, which helps to avoid confusion and leads to a more correct understanding and use of grammar moods in Russian.

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PÉREZ-LEROUX, ANA TERESA. "The acquisition of mood selection in Spanish relative clauses." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 3 (1998): 585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998003614.

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Although children acquire Spanish subjunctive morphology early in the process of language acquisition, they only master mood selection in a staged process that lasts for several years. This paper examines the possibility that the acquisition of subjunctive mood selection in particular syntactic contexts is constrained by cognitive development in the area of representational theory of mind. Acquisition of the epistemic aspects of the semantics of subjunctive are shown to be associated with the understanding of false beliefs, a landmark development in children's cognition. Twenty-two Spanish spe

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Guseinov, A. A. "The Subjunctive Mood of Morality." Russian Studies in Philosophy 41, no. 1 (2002): 5–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsp1061-196741015.

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25

Posthumus, L. C. "Past subjunctive or consecutive mood?" South African Journal of African Languages 11, no. 3 (1991): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1991.10586898.

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Lewis, B. "Melancholia in the Subjunctive Mood." Tikkun 27, no. 2 (2012): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08879982-2012-2022.

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27

Jarvis, Cynthia A. "Ministry in the Subjunctive Mood." Theology Today 66, no. 4 (2010): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057361006600404.

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Jarvis. "Ministry in the Subjunctive Mood." Princeton Seminary Bulletin 30 (2009): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3754/1937-8386.2009.30.7.

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Vesterinen, Rainer. "Control and dominion: Factivity and mood choice in Spanish." Language and Cognition 4, no. 1 (2012): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/langcog-2012-0003.

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AbstractThe present paper analyses the meaning of Spanish mood in factive contexts from a Cognitive Grammar perspective. It is argued that terms like assertion and presupposition do not explain the semantics of the subjunctive. Rather, they constitute an initial classification for finding a conceptually grounded explanation of it. The hypothesis is put forward that mood choice in factive contexts can be explained by the elaboration of Maldonado's (1995) notions of dominion and control. On the one hand, the conceptualizer has a low degree of effective control over the described event in presupp

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Sanchez-Naranjo, Jeannette. "Interpretation and grammar interaction in the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.3.1.2941.

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This article proposes a multifactor analysis of the Spanish subjunctive adjuncts. By examining the features that govern Spanish mood and their interaction, I present a complete overview of diverse accounts on the Spanish subjunctive. I outline the general principles of those explanations and comment on their advantages and disadvantages in formalizing an explanation concerning the interaction of mood with syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Next, from mood contribution to the flow in discourse, based on Quer’s (1998, 2001) approach, I provide a role for the subjunctive mood in the discourse, wh

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Vesterinen, Rainer. "Mood choice in complements of Spanish comprender and Portuguese compreender (‘understand’) – distribution and meaning." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 2 (2017): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.2.06ves.

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Abstract The present paper analyzes the occurrence of indicative and subjunctive complements of the verbs comprender (Spanish) and compreender (Portuguese) in European Spanish and European Portuguese. A quantitative analysis based on 400 occurrences of the complements randomly selected from the newspaper genre shows that the indicative mood occurs more frequently than the subjunctive mood in both languages, although the subjunctive mood is more frequent in the Portuguese corpus than in the Spanish one. The analysis also shows that the occurrence of the subjunctive complement is highly restrict

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Thane, Patrick D., Jennifer Austin, Stephanie A. Rodríguez, and Michele Goldin. "The acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive by child heritage and L2 learners: evidence from a dual language program." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 18, no. 1 (2025): 193–223. https://doi.org/10.1515/shll-2025-2007.

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Abstract Few studies have investigated the developing grammars of school-aged children acquiring Spanish as a heritage or second language (L2) in dual language immersion programs. The present project evaluated 57 English-dominant Spanish heritage speakers (HS) and L2 learners enrolled in a dual language immersion school on their production and recognition of subjunctive mood in volitional clauses. Older children (12–14 year olds) produced more subjunctive mood and selected it more frequently on a forced choice task than younger participants (9–11 year-olds). Specifically, the older HSs produce

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Chubaryan, Astghik, and Ruzanna Karapetyan. "The Subjunctive Mood: a Linguo-Cultural Approach." Armenian Folia Anglistika 5, no. 1-2 (6) (2009): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2009.5.1-2.208.

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The article analyses the subjunctive mood from the linguo-cultural point of view. The communicative functions and functional characteristics which are connected with the cultural make-up and language thinking of Italians are brought out. Parallels are drawn between the characteristics of the use of the subjunctive mood in Italian and English.

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Dimitrova, Margarita. "On Bulgarian Dali-Questions and the Relation to the Subjunctive Mood." Bulgarski Ezik i Literatura-Bulgarian Language and Literature 64, no. 5 (2022): 476–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/bel2022-5-3md.

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The subjunctive mood has been widely discussed from the perspective its selection in complements of volitional, directive and emotive-factive predicates (Picallo 1984, Raposo 1985, Ambar 1988, a.o.). Subjunctive questions and other type of subjunctive main clauses, on the other hand, have not been subject to much systematic research. Some works (Ambar 2016, Giannakidou 2016) suggest that, in main clauses, the selection of the subjunctive mood codifies the expression of the speaker’s evaluations. In line with this view, we discuss the syntactic expression of the Bulgarian dali-questions which d

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35

Zhan, Haiying. "A Study on the Mental Space of Subjunctive Mood." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 8, no. 11 (2024): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v8i11.8801.

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Cognitive linguistics offers a novel approach to studying and elucidating language phenomena, with the theory of mental spaces being particularly adept at interpreting many “non-canonical” linguistic occurrences and providing a fresh cognitive framework. The subjunctive mood, one of the three primary moods in English, is integral to English grammar. Yet, it remains a contentious topic within the field, with a lack of consensus among different linguistic schools regarding this significant grammatical category. The substantial role of human cognition in the construction and interpretation of the

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Faulkner, Tris. "Indicative directive complements: mood and modal concord in Spanish." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 11, no. 3 (2022): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.11.3.6583.

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Directive predicates are words with meanings that are similar to ‘order’, ‘require’, ‘recommend’, and ‘advise’. Being volitional in nature, directives are said to form part of the core group of subjunctive-taking predicates. This means that, like desiderative (e.g., querer que ‘to want that’) and purpose clauses (e.g., para que ‘so that’), they are expected to, and generally do, take the subjunctive. However, findings from the present investigation suggest that, in spite of this description, there are certain contexts in which indicative directive complements are strongly preferred. Analyses s

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Gregory, Amy E. "A cognitive map of indicative and subjunctive mood use in Spanish." Pragmatics and Cognition 9, no. 1 (2001): 99–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.9.1.05gre.

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Of general interest, this study confirms the syntactic manifestation of the interpersonal dynamics of the participants in discourse and of their high-level cognitive processes therein. More specifically, this study formalizes categories of the Spanish indicative and subjunctive in a cognitive map based on the deictic organization of the Spanish mood system. This cognitive map, based on a pragmasyntactic approach to mood use, allows us to view mood in Spanish as a mechanism that establishes metaphorical distance from the individual’s here and now. This study treats the indicative and subjunctiv

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Wood, Johanna. "The subjunctive in the Lindisfarne gloss." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 72, no. 2 (2019): 165–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00026.woo.

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Abstract The use of the subjunctive mood in the Old English gloss to the Lindisfarne Gospels is investigated. All the examples of the Latin third person singular imperfect subjunctive, esset, are examined. There are three aims: to contribute to understanding the use of the subjunctive in the gloss of the Lindisfarne Gospels; to add to the authorship debate; to explore the question of how much Latin influences the glosses. Although, generally, indicative mood is expected in Old English adverbial temporal clauses, this clause type is often found in the subjunctive. The tendency is strongest in t

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Sánchez-Naranjo, Jeannette, and Ana T. Pérez-Leroux. "In the wrong mood at the right time: Children’s acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive in temporal clauses." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 55, no. 2 (2010): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001481.

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AbstractThis study investigates the complexity of the mapping task in children’s acquisition of the Spanish subjunctive in temporal clauses. We consider that children’s difficulty with this task arises from the interaction between mood and other elements determining the evaluation of the temporal clause, such as semantic factors, tense, and cognition. Forty monolingual Spanish-speaking children first completed a cognitive assessment test, evaluating false belief understanding; this was followed by a linguistic prerequisite test assessing understanding of temporal connectors and knowledge of su

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Benková Marcelliová, Jana, Silvia Slaničková, and Ján Tupý. "THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES FOR SLOVAK STUDENTS IN LEARNING THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN PORTUGUESE." Pensares em Revista, no. 29 (December 27, 2023): 175–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/pr.2023.79966.

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The subjunctive mood is a particularly challenging issue for Slovak users of Portuguese, primarily because it doesn't exist in our language. Although university students learn subjunctive mood tenses for several years, we know from teaching experience that even students in their final semesters who have a good knowledge of Portuguese often have doubts about its correct use, and even try to avoid it in oral discourse out of fear of making mistakes. In this article, we therefore highlight the most prominent problems that Slovak students encounter when acquiring the subjunctive mood. We also prov

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Givón, T. "Irrealis and the Subjunctive." Studies in Language 18, no. 2 (1994): 265–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.18.2.02giv.

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This paper suggest that in order to understand the cross-language distribution of the subjunctive mood one needs to understand the cross-grammar distribution of the irrealis modality, as well as have a general theory of modality, within which irrealis takes its rightful natural place. The subjunctive mood turns out to occupy two coherent sub regions within irrealis: (a) the subjunctive of lower certainty (within the epistemic sub-mode of irrealis), and (b) the subjunctive of weaker manipulation (within the deontic sub-mode of irrealis). A grammaticalized subjunctive may take the same form in b

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Emets, Tatiana, Angelina Emets, and Elena Potrikeeva. "Features of representing the subjunctive mood in natural languages (on the example of the translation of short stories by S. Zweig)." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185504008.

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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the representation of the subjunctive mood in the literary texts of natural languages (German and Russian). The subject of the study is the sentences with a subjunctive mood in German and Russian. The relevance of the study is due to difficulties in translating sentences with a subjunctive inclination from German to Russian. These difficulties are associated with a large formal discrepancy between the Russian subjunctive mood and the German, as well as the richness of the values of temporal forms in the German language. Research in this area will

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Ozdoeva, Eset Gerikhanovna, Pyatimat Magametovna Alieva, and Eset Magametovna Dudurgova. "IMPERATIVE MOOD, CONDITIONAL MOOD AND SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD IN THE INGUSH LANGUAGE." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 5 (May 2019): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2019.5.37.

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Hamada, Z. "Usage of the conjunction (أو] ʾaw] - “or”) when forming the mood نصب’ naṣb’ (subjunctive) in arabic". Key Issues of Contemporary Linguistics, № 5 (18 липня 2023): 59–65. https://doi.org/10.18384/2949-5075-2023-5-59-65.

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Aim. To analyze the opinions of grammarians and lexicographers regarding the use of the conjunction وأ [ʾaw] in most types of sentences in which وأ [ʾaw] is followed by a verb in بصن – in the Subjunctive mood in Arabic.Methodology. The study was conducted based on the methods of linguistic, historiographic and comparative analyses.Results. Close attention is paid to the most outstanding early grammars of Sibawayhy and al-Farra, representing the schools of Basra and Kufa, respectively. An approach to the study of the mood بصن – the verb as "Subjunctive", due to فطع [ʿaṭf] – "attachment" between

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García Pérez, Rafael. "Acaso no esté/está todo dicho. Nuevas hipótesis sobre acaso y el subjuntivo en oraciones independientes." Philologica Canariensia, no. 30 (2024) (June 22, 2024): 241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/phil.can.2024.675.

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This study endeavors to examine the Spanish adverb acaso through a diachronic lens, offering novel hypotheses to elucidate its etymological derivation, the intricacies of its grammaticalization process, and its progressive selection of the subjunctive mood within independent sentences. Etymologically, compelling evidence is presented, establishing a linguistic lineage with late Latin. Concerning its grammaticalization, intricate connections are posited with the expression por (a)ventura. Regarding the selection of the subjunctive mood, the study reveals a recent shift, notably gaining prominen

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Faulkner, Tris. "The Two Spanish Subjunctives: The Required and Default Subjunctives." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 11, no. 1 (2022): 70–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.11.1.6334.

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Standard Spanish grammar states that desideratives (querer que), directives (aconsejar que), purpose clauses (para que), causatives (hacer que), emotive-factives (alegrarse de que), negated epistemics (no creer que), dubitatives (dudar que), and modals (ser posible que) embed subjunctive complement clauses. However, in spite of these classifications, some predicates exhibit a certain degree of mood variation. For instance, emotive-factives can take indicative complements (Crespo del Río 2014; Faulkner 2021a). Similar variability between the moods may also come about in negated epistemic (Bolin

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Saidova, Marjona, and G.N.Allayarova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATIVE, IMPERATIVE AND SUBJUNCTIVE MOODS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE-INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN UZBEKISTAN 2, no. 5 (2024): 602–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11246478.

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This article provides a detailed comparative analysis of mood verbs in the Uzbek and English languages. It examines the similarities and differences in how mood is expressed through verbs in both languages, considering aspects such as verb categories, conjugation, cultural influence, pragmatic considerations, and linguistic borrowing. Through this analysis, the article offers insights into the linguistic structures and cultural nuances of Uzbek and English, shedding light on the diverse ways in which mood is conveyed in these languages

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Andersen, Anders. "Mood without Modality: An outline of an 'amodal' approach to the Italian subjunctive." Globe: A Journal of Language, Culture and Communication 17 (December 18, 2023): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/ojs.globe.v17i.8202.

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This paper aims to propose a novel approach to the Italian subjunctive that surpasses traditional modalinterpretations. Rather than conveying a given type of modality (such as irrealis), this paper argues that thesubjunctive is better understood as designating two semantic types: a so-called 'State-of-Affairs' or a'proposition'. By shifting the focus from modality to semantic types, this approach can account for a widerrange of the subjunctive's usages, including complements of implicatives, such as fare 'make' and capitare'happen', that modal approaches have failed to fully account for.

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Kirilova, Veska. "Redistribution of the Functional-Syntactic Space of the Subjunctive Mood in French." Proglas 31, no. 2 (2022): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/dlov5890.

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The present research focuses on some cases of subjunctive mood use leading to changes in its functional-syntactic space. The purpose of the study is to describe and analyze the most typical cases related to the process under discussion, as well as to clarify the reasons leading to its manifestation. A peripheral diffusion in the functional-syntactic space of the subjunctive mood is established, allowing in some cases its use reduction, and in others its expansion in the direction of the indicative mood.

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Míguez, Vítor. "Mood Alternation with Adverbs of Uncertainty in Galician: A Multifactorial Analysis." Languages 9, no. 6 (2024): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9060195.

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This study investigates the factors that significantly constrain mood selection in Galician within uncertainty adverb constructions, applying a logistic regression model. This analysis identified several significant factors affecting the choice between the indicative and subjunctive moods, including the temporal context of the clause, the preceding adverb, and the interaction of fictional and nonfictional registers with the verb type of the predicate and the gender of the speaker/writer. Time reference and the preceding adverb emerged as primary factors conditioning mood choice, with present a

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