Academic literature on the topic 'Sublittoral zone'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sublittoral zone"
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Abelló, P., D. G. Reid, and E. Naylor. "Comparative locomotor activity patterns in the portunid crabs Liocarcinus holsatus and L. depurator." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 1 (1991): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037346.
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The free-running locomotor activity rhythms of freshly-captured swimming crabs Liocarcinus holsatus and L. depurator have been studied in constant conditions in the laboratory. L. holsatus captured in the intertidal zone of sandy beaches showed strong circatidal activity rhythms with maximum activity at high tide. L. holsatus captured in the sublittoral zone had a clear tendency to show circadian activity rhythms with highest activity during day-time hours. L. depurator occurred only sublittorally and showed circadian activity patterns with highest activity during the night. Exposure to hydrostatic pressure cycles of tidal amplitude and periodicity, entrained strong circatidal activity rhythms in previously arhythmic L. holsatus. This activity pattern also showed a marked circadian component. Exposure to the same regime entrained a circadian rhythm, but not a circatidal rhythm in L. depurator. In the sublittoral zone L. depurator is active mainly during the night, whereas L. holsatus, is active mainly during the day. This may constitute a behavioural mechanism for minimizing competitive interactions between these two sympatric crabs.
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Obolewski, Krystian, Katarzyna Glińska-Lewczuk, Marcin Sidoruk, and Monika Magdalena Szymańska. "Response of Benthic Fauna to Habitat Heterogeneity in a Shallow Temperate Lake." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092488.
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We investigated the response of benthic macroinvertebrates in the eulittoral, infralittoral, and sublittoral zones, in two segments of the freshwater Lake Wicko on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Our results showed that the morphometry of lakes plays a major role as a factor structuring the macroinvertebrates communities. Two parts of the lake, different in size and depth, show decreasing differences in the trophic state, abundance, diversity and number of indicator species of benthic fauna with the depth gradient. The most significant differences were observed between the littoral zones of both segments. Similar environmental conditions in the sublittoral zones corresponded to the simplified structure of the benthic macroinvertebrates communities. In the infralittoral zone, the most significant differences between the two segments, were recorded for mollusks and large crustaceans as well as the Oligochaeta/Chironomidae abundance ratio. In the sublittoral zone, the diversity of chironomids differed most strongly. Lower species diversity was found in the part of the lake with a slight depth decrease. Shredders reached significantly higher values in eulittoral and infralittoral of the deeper lake segment. Average Score Per Taxon increased with a depth gradient. We recommend testing benthic macroinvertebrates in lakes with different morphometrics individually for each depth zone.
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Rasmussen, Joseph B., and Jacob Kalff. "Empirical Models for Zoobenthic Biomass in Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 5 (1987): 990–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-117.
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Estimates of macrozoobenthos from the literature were regressed against a series of limnological variables to yield empirical models for zoobenthic biomass in the profundal, sublittoral, and littoral zones of lakes. Variables indicative of phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll concentration, total phosphorus concentration, and Secchi disk transparency) explained between 14 and 57% of the variance of zoobenthic biomass ((g/m2)0.1). Other factors such as humic colour, morphometry (slope, mean depth, ratio of mean to maximum depth, and lake area), and mean annual air temperature substantially increased the amount of explained variance. In the profundal and sublittoral zones, the best models explain 70% of the variance in zoobenthic biomass. Littoral zone models explained less than 50%, and this deficiency was attributed to sampling difficulties and to high local variability of slope and wave exposure in the littoral zone.
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Hanson, John Mark, E. E. Prepas, and William C. Mackay. "Size Distribution of the Macroinvertebrate Community in a Freshwater Lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 9 (1989): 1510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-193.
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Macroinvertebrates were collected every 2 wk for 18 wk from three depth zones in a deep lake in Alberta. Unionid clams comprised 80% of the total macroinvertebrate biomass and were excluded from initial analyses. The seasonal average size-spectrum for the littoral zone community was bimodal with peaks in the 8–16 and 256–512 mg weight-classes; size-spectra for the sublittoral and profundal communities were unimodal with peaks in the 8–16 and 16–32 mg weight-classes, respectively. Slopes of the normalized size-spectra for the littoral, sublittoral, profundal and whole-lake communities were not significantly different from −1.0, −1.0, 0.0, and −1.0, respectively. These results suggest that biomass is evenly distributed across logarithmically even size-classes for the average macroinvertebrate community in the littoral zone, sublittoral zone, and on a whole-lake basis. The biomass peak for unionids (16.4–32.8 g weight-class) was 10–30 times greater than biomass peaks for the remaining macroinvertebrates. The slopes of normalized size-spectra for the littoral zone and whole-lake were changed significantly when unionids were included; however, unionids presumably play a minor role in the macroinvertebrate community because they are an energy sink in the present context. Despite wide seasonal variation, average normalized size-spectra based on samples collected at 4- and 6-wk intervals were very similar to those based on nine biweekly collections.
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Tokranov, A. M. "COMPOSITION OF THE COASTAL ICHTHYOFAUNA OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN KAMCHATKA AFTER HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM IN AUTUMN 2020." Bulletin оf Kamchatka State Technical University, no. 59 (2022): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17217/2079-0333-2022-59-38-48.
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The data on the composition of the ichthyofauna and relative quantity of common species of fishes in the littoral and the upper sublittoral zones in the coastal waters of the South-Eastern Kamchatka are provided basing on the analysis of the results of hook catches, collections made in the intertidal zone, and underwater photo- and video records performed in the May – September 2021. The obtained results show that the impact of the negative effect of harmful algal bloom in the autumn of 2020 on the composition of the species and quantity of fishes, inhabiting the intertidal zone, is very insignificant. Unfavorable ecological conditions in the upper sublittoral zone (2–25 m) in the South-Eastern Kamchatka in the autumn 2020 caused decrease the quantity of some fishes (mainly species of the family Stichaeidae) which hide on the bottom in the rock crevices or are buried in silty-sand bottom. But unfavorable ecological conditions practically had no influence on the quantity and mode of life of the representatives of ichthyofauna which were able to leave temporarily the coastal waters with harmful algal bloom areas.
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Taskinen, Jouni, and E. Tellervo Valtonen. "Age-, size-, and sex-specific infection of Anodonta piscinalis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) with Rhipidocotyle fennica (Digenea: Bucephalidae) and its influence on host reproduction." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 5 (1995): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-104.
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A Rhipidocotyle fennica infection in Anodonta piscinalis was studied during 1987–1989 in Lake Saravesi, central Finland. The overall prevalence was 32.3% (n = 1157). Only mature clams, ≥ 3 and ≥ 4 years old in the littoral and sublittoral zones, respectively, were infected. According to log-linear models constructed for the mature clams, there was a statistically significant interaction between prevalence and age of the host, between prevalence and habitat, and between age of the host and habitat; prevalences were higher among old specimens and in the littoral zone than among young clams or in the sublittoral zone. Logit models showed that prevalence increased linearly with host size in both habitats. A relationship between clam growth and infection was also found: fast-growing clams were more often infected or infected clams had grown faster. The quantity of sporocyst tubules increased with the age of the host. Prevalence was higher among female clams than among males. It was estimated that over 50% of mature females in the littoral zone were infected. It was also estimated that there was a 31% reduction in the number of glochidium-bearing clams in the littoral zone of Lake Saravesi due to infection with this parasite.
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Dulenina, Р. A., and A. A. Dulenin. "Vertical distribution of bivalves fauna in the northwestern Tatar Strait (Japan Sea)." Izvestiya TINRO 200, no. 3 (2020): 635–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-635-655.
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General patterns of bivalves distribution by depth in the northwestern Tatar Strait (within Khabarovsk region) are analyzed on the data of 384 trawl, 573 drag, and 1177 diving stations during research surveys in 2003–2016 where the samples were collected with commonly accepted methods. Depths from 0 to 600 m were surveyed. Besides, scientific publications and archival materials related to this area were taken into account. The species richness (y) decreases with depth (x) exponentially from 51 species at 1–20 m to 3 species at 400–600 m that could be approximated satisfactory by the equation y = 31.799. e–0.0502x (r2 = 0.89). Sublittoral and bathial faunas can be separated by cluster analysis of special composition in the depth range 0–150 m and 150–600 m, respectively, with similarity of 0.11 between them. Within these boundaries, 5 local faunas are distinguished: I (< 2 m, the surf zone at the upper boundary of the sublittoral zone), II (2–30 m, the upper sublittoral zone), III (30–150 m, the lower sublittoral zone), IV (150–400 m, the transitional zone) and V (400–600 m, the upper bathyal zone), with similarity between them from 0.14 to 0.36. The upper sublittoral zone has the maximum species richness — 64 species and is the habitat for a «core» of Bivalve fauna with almost ⅔ of its species, preserving the ratio of the main biogeographic groups typical for the researched area. Commercial fishery of scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis exploited this zone mainly and now is banned to prevent reduction of its stock. Other commercial bivalves, as Callista brevisiphonata, Serripes laperousii, Keenocardium californiense, and Mercenaria stimpsoni, which commercial stocks are estimated in order of 105 t, are also concentrated in this zone but are not landed currently. Portion of moderately cold-water species (wide-boreal and low-boreal) increases and portion of warm-water species (subtropical-boreal and subtropical-low-boreal) decreases with depth, with the slope coefficients of the regressions α = 9.2 ± 4.1 (p = 0.11) and α = –9.6 ± 2.3 (p = 0.03), respectively. The coldwater species are absent in the surf and upper bathyal zones but their portion in other zones is 20–26 %. Rather high portion of boreal-arctic species on shallow depths reflects relative severity of the northwestern Tatar Strait that is the most cold-water area of the Japan Sea. The warm-water species are completely absent in the upper bathyal zone, i.e. at the depths > 400 m. On the other hand, portion of banal species increases and portion of specific species decreases with depth, also portion of rare species increases and portion of mass species decreases with depth, with the slope coefficients α = 9.10 ± 0.49 (p = 0.0003) and α = –4.5 ± 2.5 (p = 0.01), respectively. Vertical distribution of frequent species is rather uniform: 33–57 %. These patterns of the species distribution by zones almost do not change spatially: distribution of different biogeographic groups of species in three coastal areas (47–49о N, 49–51о N, and > 51о N) has no statistically significant differences. Distribution of species richness and composition by depth ranges relates to ecotopic variation (74 % of diversity), to the degree of exploration (22 %), and to the influence of such complex factor as a depth (4 %). Further faunistic studies are recommended in the most diverse areas, as bays, harbours, and capes vicinities with variable grounds and submarine vegetation, in all available depth ranges. Such surveys can provide faunistically representative information on the species wealth. The list of Bivalve mollusk species for the northwestern Tatar Strait can be enlarged possibly in 1/5 if detailed studies of their fauna will be conducted. The fauna on great depths is the most underexplored. The total expected number of bivalve species in this area is at least 120.
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Egorov, V. N., N. I. Bobko, Yu G. Marchenko, and S. Ye Sadogurskiy. "Barrier role of Cystoseira phytocenosis in the phosphorus detrophication in waters of the specially protected natural area “Cape Martyan” (Crimea, Black Sea)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1061, no. 1 (2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1061/1/012053.
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Abstract The goal of this study was to assess the role of Cystoseira phytocenosis as a biochemical barrier to the phosphorus detrophication through the phytoplankton primary production in waters of the specially protected natural area (SPNA) “Cape Martyan” on the southern coast of Crimea. We present data on the mineral phosphorus concentration in seawater and in the brown algae Cystoseira (Cystoseira s.l.) phytocenosis in 2021 and the phytoplankton primary production in 2017 – 2019. In the SPNA sublittoral zone, wet weight of the Cystoseira phytocenosis was estimated at 1425.6 tons, the production 3136.3 tons year–1, and the phosphorus accumulation factor 20,900 – 54,500. The phosphorus pool in the Cystoseira biotope ranged from 69.6 to 78.99% of that in the sublittoral zone and decreased with the phosphate concentration increase. The primary production in the SPNA sublittoral zone was mainly phosphate-limited. With the phosphate concentration increase, the primary production can reach hypereutrophication levels (100 mg Corg m–3 day–1). The phosphorus accumulation in the Cystoseira biotope reduced the phosphorus availability for the primary production to 10.4 – 30.4%. By the example of the SPNA “Cape Martyan”, we show that Cystoseira phytocenosis is a highly efficient barrier to the phosphorus detrophication in coastal waters.
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Mityaev, M. V., M. V. Gerasimova, and S. S. Malavenda. "Changes of the Speed of Rock Destruction in the Upper Sublitoral Zone, 2017–2022." Океанология 64, no. 1 (2024): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030157424010089.
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A five-year observation (2017–2022) of abrasion destruction of rocks in the littoral and upper sublittoral zone of the Dalnezelenetskaya Bay (Murmansk coast) was carried out. During this period, a slow rate of destruction of rocks was observed, not only in the upper sublittoral zone, but also along the entire littoral of the coast. It was revealed that the rate of destruction of coarse-grained material in 2017–2022 averaged 15±3 µm/g. The greatest influence on the intensity of destruction of rocks was exerted by storms generated by winds with a force of 7–12 m/s from the east and southeast directions. It is established that in 2021–2022 there was an activation of abrasion destruction of rocks in the sublittoral zone of the Murmansk coast. Based on the analysis of hydrological, meteorological and seismic data, it is assumed that the activation of the abrasion process was caused by an increase in the number of storm periods, perhaps the tectonic activity of disjunctive structures on the coast played an important role in this. The data obtained indicate that changes in the temperature and salinity of the water mass in the bay do not have a significant effect on the rate of the abrasion process.
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Barnes, David K. A. "The influence of ice on polar nearshore benthos." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 3 (1999): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000514.
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Polar benthic communities are subject to a range of disturbance levels from a variety of sources, principal amongst which is ice. This occurs in four main forms: the ice-foot, ice scour, anchor ice and fast ice, each of which influences benthos in a very different temporal and spatial manner. The four described forms of ice disturbance are all seasonal, but combined, influence communities throughout the year. The magnitude of ice mediated disturbance is often catastrophic and as a result both dominates benthic community structure and makes recolonization and development rates critical. This disturbance extremity results in high temporal and spatial heterogeneity, very low intertidal zone diversity and in places low mid–sublittoral diversity. It may also, however, be important in generating and maintaining the typically high sublittoral zone diversity observed at many polar localities. Intermediate frequencies or magnitudes of disturbance have been controversially discussed as important in maintaining diversity by prevention of space monopolization by overgrowth dominants in such environments as the deep sea. The shelf areas examined to date certainly suggest intermediate disturbance is important in maintaining polar sublittoral zone diversity. The combination of slow colonization and development with high frequencies of disturbance means most polar nearshore environments that have been described are permanently in a state of change or recovery.
Book chapters on the topic "Sublittoral zone"
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Kennish, Michael J. "Sublittoral zone." In Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8801-4_409.
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Jazdzewski, Krzysztof, Claude De Broyer, Magdalena Pudlarz, and Dariusz Zielinski. "Seasonal fluctuations of vagile benthos in the uppermost sublittoral of a maritime Antarctic fjord." In Ecological Studies in the Antarctic Sea Ice Zone. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59419-9_13.
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"sublittoral zone [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_14147.
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Little, Colin. "Life at the bottom: sublittoral sediments and community structure." In The Biology of Soft Shores and Estuaries. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504276.003.0006.
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Abstract Below the level of low tide, species common in the intertidal zone are replaced by others. In part, the changes are related to increasing depth, so there are species characteristic depth zones. In some cases the reasons for this sublittoral zonation are fairly easily understood-for instance algae and seagrasses do not penetrate to great depths because they need light for photosynthesis. But in general, we know little of why species are distributed in this way, and there have been no rigorous tests to examine why intertidal species are not found in the sublittoral.
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Ovodov, Yu S., R. G.Ovodova, and V. D.Sorochan. "Structural features and gel-forming activity of zosteran-pectin of marine phanerogams." In Gums and stabilisers for the Food industry 6. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199632848.003.0015.
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Abstract Phanerogams of Zosteraceae (eelgrasses) are widespread in the sublittoral of the World Ocean especially in the coastal zone of the Sea of Japan. Eelgrasses may be successfuly used as commercial reserves. The peculiar systematism and ecology of these unusual plants indicated interesting features of their chemical composition. The polysaccharide obtained was named zosteran. The gel-forming properties of Zosteran have been discovered. Zosteran was suggested utilization. for industrial.
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Little, Colin. "Estuarine habitats and coastal lagoons." In The Biology of Soft Shores and Estuaries. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198504276.003.0007.
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Abstract Sediments from coarse gravel to fine mud can be found in varying degrees both on relatively open coasts and in shelter. The greatest reservoir of sediments is in the sublittoral zone, stretching down to the deep sea. But the most easily accessible and most varied accumulations occur in estuaries, so not surprisingly a great majority of soft-sediment researchers have concentrated their efforts there. Estuaries are more than just indentations in the coastline, however, and provide a variety of characteristics that differentiate them from strictly marine environments.
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Cohen, Andrew S. "The Biological Environment of Lakes." In Paleolimnology. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133530.003.0009.
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Biological processes form the basis for a rich source of information for paleolimnologists. Populations of organisms are sensitive to variations in their external environment, and this sensitivity can be recorded as proportional changes in fossil abundances, evolutionary change, or extinction. Variations in lake temperature or water chemistry below the threshold of geochemical archives would normally go unrecorded in lake deposits were it not for fossils capable of registering these changes. Biotic systems are also the most complex components of lake systems, involving numerous species, their interactions with each other, and with their external environment. As a result, the interpretation of lacustrine fossil records is rarely straightforward, and must be viewed in the context of complex ecological dynamics, unfolding against a background of environmental and evolutionary change. In this chapter we will consider the biotic structure of lakes from a paleolimnological perspective, focusing on organisms and ecological interactions likely to be preserved in a lake’s fossil record. A transect running downslope and offshore from the shoreline will almost invariably reveal a change in habitat and lake organisms (see figure 3.2). In the shallow, littoral zone, high rates of photosynthesis can normally be supported, as light is not a limiting factor for growth. A high diversity of autotrophic and heterotrophic (consuming) organisms is encountered here. Near the shoreline, a fringe of emergent or submerged macrophytes is often present, either attached to the substrate, or floating nearshore. These plants form a substrate for many attached (epiphytic) or crawling organisms. On wave-swept, rocky, or sandy coasts macrophytes may be absent, but abundant algae or photosynthetic bacteria may be present, attached to rock surfaces (epilithic), or adhering to sand grains. In the sublittoral zone, light penetration is reduced, and large macrophytic plants are absent, but lower levels of benthic primary production may persist from algal or bacterial growth. Although algae are frequently found below the photic zone, because of circulation or settling, they are not photosynthesizing under such conditions. In the aphotic, profundal zone food resources are provided exclusively through secondary productivity, consumption of settling detritus (or the organisms that feed on such detritus), and microbial food resources.
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Mahmoud Ali, Elham. "Biotic and Abiotic Components of Marine Ecosystem." In Marine Ecology: Current and Future Developments. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051995123030005.
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An aquatic ecosystem is a water-based environment. Aquatic ecosystems include the marine ecosystem and freshwater ecosystems. Two-thirds of the total surface area of the planet is covered by marine water. These ecosystems can be classified into two main categories; i) water/pelagic environment (including; neritic and oceanic zones) and; ii) bottom/benthic environment (including; supra-littoral, intertidal/littoral, and sublittoral zones). Biotic and abiotic factors mean all the living and non-living components of any ecosystem. Biotic factors also include the interactions between organisms and the way they live with or rely on each other. Abiotic factors include all the non-living components, which the living inhabitants rely on to live, grow and thrive. Factors affecting aquatic biomes greatly differ from one water body to the other as the water itself has different properties. Abiotic factors that influence aquatic biomes include light availability, depth, stratification, temperature, currents, and tides.
Conference papers on the topic "Sublittoral zone"
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Trapeznikova, Anna Borisovna. "Lithogenetic types of carbonate deposits Upper Famennian-Tournaisian strata of the Belskoaktobe depression and the adjacent part of the West Ural Folding Zone." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. ПЕРМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2022.257.
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The results of structural-genetic typification of carbonate deposits of the Upper Famennian-Tournaisian sequence within the study area are presented. Five lithogenetic types reflecting different conditions of sedimentation and having different primary sedimentary structures are distinguished. The correlation between the formation of granular varieties and the conditions of elevated hydrodynamics of waters corresponding to relatively elevated sublittoral areas of the basin has been established. A sedimentation model of the formation of the Upper Famennian-Tournaisian for the central part of the Belsko-Aktobe depression and the adjacent part of the West Ural folding zone has been proposed.
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Tokranov, Alexey M. "COMPOSITION OF THE HOOK CATCHES OF FISHES IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN KAMCHATKA AFTER HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM IN AUTUMN 2020." In Treshnikov readings – 2022 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-88-4-2022-174-175.
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The data on the composition of the fishes and its relative quantity in the hook catches in the upper sublittoral zones of the South-Eastern Kamchatka in July-August 2021 are provided. The obtained results are allowed to make conclusion that unfavourable ecological conditions in autumn 2020 in the coastal waters of the South-Eastern Kamchatka practically had no influence on the quantity and mode of life of the representatives of ichthyofauna which were able to leave temporarily the coastal waters with harmful algal bloom areas.
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K. Mohammed ALI, Ali, and Fouad K. Mashee AL RAMAHI. "SATELLITE IMAGERY MONITORS SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE ECOLOGY OF AL-HAMMAR MARSH, SOUTHERN IRAQ." In VI.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress6-21.
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The Al-Hammar wetland in Iraq is notable for having the highest densities of coastal migratory birds along the Arabian Gulf-Mediterranean Sea migration line. Despite the importance of these birds, there is no complete evaluation of their dynamics. The six migrating bird species (Mallard duck, Graylag geese, White pelican, Barn swallow, Common gull, White stork) were studied in the area, and the data were compiled and analyzed. Migration patterns have changed over the last two decades, as shown by changes in land cover between October 2000 and 2020 and in bird populations every ten years during the same period. A decrease in the remaining kinds of migrating birds was seen in total numbers between the years 2000 and 2020. Observing trends was impossible due to the extreme disparity between the data sets' respective sizes. A multivariate analysis shows a decrease in the number of species that rely on wetland habitats for food and breeding in the sublittoral and offshore zones of the study area. In comparison to total NDVI values, which decreased by 5%, 3.5%, and 15.6%, total NDWI values increased by 7.8%, 21.0%, and 62.6%. During the research phase. The qualitative characteristics of waterbodies and vegetation have been extensively measured using remote sensing and Gis techniques.