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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Submarine cables

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Academic literature on the topic 'Submarine cables'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Submarine cables"

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Lee, Kihong, Woojin Song, Myeonghoon Jo, Hyebin Kim, Jaenam Yim, and Insung Park. "Design of Underwater Cables Applicable to Submarine(KSS-III Batch-II) Navigation Radar." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (October 5, 2024): 596–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2024.27.5.596.

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Since the creation of the first submarine telegraph cable connecting England and France in 1850, today, due to the rapid development of the Internet and Communications fields, the demand for submarine communication cables has increased and continues to develop. Submarine cables are designed and manufactured to be suitable for the maritime environment, and many parts are imported from overseas, and several domestic cable manufacturers are producing them for commercial purposes. Field-proven and reliable commercial submarine communication cable technology is also being applied to the military field, and is especially actively utilized in naval surface ships and submarines. This paper is about the design of an underwater cable applicable to submarine(KSS-III Bach-II) navigation radar and also is to secure the performance of an underwater cable with bending durability in extreme marine environments, emergency diving, and repeated mast raising and lowering. Finally, we hop that the domestic development of underwater cables will help improve the performance of navigation radars for submarines.

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Hu, Zhenxing, Xueyong Ye, Xiaokang Luo, Hao Zhang, Mingguang He, Jiaxing Li, and Qian Li. "Prediction Model for Trends in Submarine Cable Burial Depth Variation Considering Dynamic Thermal Resistance Characteristics." Energies 17, no. 9 (April 29, 2024): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17092127.

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Fault problems associated with submarine cables caused by variations in their burial depth are becoming increasingly prominent. To address the difficulty of detecting the burial depth of submarine cables and trends in its variation, a prediction model for submarine cable burial depth was proposed which considers the dynamic characteristics of thermal resistance. First, a parallel thermal circuit model of a three-core submarine cable was established, and a formula for calculating the submarine cable’s burial depth was derived based on a formula for calculating the submarine cable’s core temperature. Then, the calculation result was corrected by considering the dynamic characteristics of the thermal resistance of the submarine cable’s structural materials. On this basis, feature vectors associated with the seabed cable burial depth calculation data and time nodes were mined by a convolutional neural network and used as the input parameters of a long short-term memory network for optimization and training, and a prediction model for trends in seabed cable burial depth variation was obtained. Finally, an example analysis was carried out based on the actual electrical parameter data of submarine cables buried by an offshore oil and gas platform. The results showed that the prediction model for trends in variations in the burial depth of submarine cables based on the CNN-LSTM neural network can achieve high prediction accuracy and prediction efficiency.

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Zheng, Xinlong, Zhifei Lu, Tieyi Chen, Zhichu Lei, and Yuan Li. "Research on 3D Shape Monitoring System of Submarine Cable." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2474, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2474/1/012062.

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Abstract Submarine cables have been used for more than one hundred years, while they have been widely used in recent decades. Safety has always been an issue with submarine cable applications because of their fast expansion. Submarine cables are more susceptible to operational risks and failure than terrestrial cables. Once the submarine cable malfunctions, it will bring huge inconvenience to production and life, which will cause huge economic losses. Therefore, it is very necessary to quickly locate the fault point of the cable and complete the emergency repair work. This article provides a 3D monitoring method for submarine cables, with a simulation monitoring system built in the laboratory to verify the method’s feasibility.

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Li, Yue, Xueting Zhang, and Zhangyi Shen. "YOLO-Submarine Cable: An Improved YOLO-V3 Network for Object Detection on Submarine Cable Images." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081143.

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Due to the strain on land resources, marine energy development is expanding, in which the submarine cable occupies an important position. Therefore, periodic inspections of submarine cables are required. Submarine cable inspection is typically performed using underwater vehicles equipped with cameras. However, the motion of the underwater vehicle body, the dim light underwater, and the property of light propagation in water lead to problems such as the blurring of submarine cable images, the lack of information on the position and characteristics of the submarine cable, and the blue–green color of the images. Furthermore, the submarine cable occupies a significant portion of the image as a linear entity. In this paper, we propose an improved YOLO-SC (YOLO-Submarine Cable) detection method based on the YOLO-V3 algorithm, build a testing environment for submarine cables, and create a submarine cable image dataset. The YOLO-SC network adds skip connections to feature extraction to make the position information of submarine cables more accurate, a top-down downsampling structure in multi-scale special fusion to reduce the network computation and broaden the network perceptual field, and lightweight processing in the prediction network to accelerate the network detection. Under laboratory conditions, we illustrate the effectiveness of these modifications through ablation studies. Compared to other algorithms, the average detection accuracy of the YOLO-SC model is increased by up to 4.2%, and the average detection speed is decreased by up to 1.616 s. The experiments demonstrate that the YOLO-SC model proposed in this paper has a positive impact on the detection of submarine cables.

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Eriksrud, Morten. "Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity." Open Access Government 38, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-038-10729.

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Protecting submarine cables for enhanced connectivity Morten Eriksrud, at ASN Norway AS, looks to the protection of the global network of submarine cables and other critical subsea infrastructure. Optical communication technology is the key technology to making internet connectivity available all over the world. Fibre-optic cables, distributing data with the speed of light, connect continents, countries, and islands together by creating a global telecommunication network. These cables are installed subsea and are placed on the seafloor (in deep water areas) or trenched in the seabed (in shallow water areas). This global network of submarine cables contains more than 400 active cable links covering nearly 1.4 million kilometres (over three times the distance from Earth to Moon). More than 95% of the global internet traffic runs through these submarine cables. Submarine cables can carry far more data at far less cost than satellites and the increasing digitalization of our societies will further increase the number of submarine cables.

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Jiang, Yamei, and Feng Lyu. "Large-Signal Stability Analysis of the Undersea Direct Current Power System for Scientific Cabled Seafloor Observatories." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (August 2, 2019): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153149.

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A large number of power electronic converters and long-distance submarine cables are an important part of the undersea direct current (DC) power system of the scientific cabled seafloor observatories (CSOs). However, the constant power load (CPL) characteristics of the converters and the distributed parameter characteristics of long-distance submarine cables greatly affect the stability of the CSO DC power system. This paper analyzes the large-signal stability of the CSO DC power system, and the equivalent circuits of long-distance submarine cables are established by theoretical analysis and computer simulation. A simplified computer simulation model and an equivalent experimental prototype model of a single-node CSO DC power system was built in the laboratory to study this issue. The mixed potential function method is used to analyze the large-signal stability of the CSO DC power system, and the large-signal stability criterion is obtained theoretically. The validity of the large-signal stability criterion is proved by simulations and experiments. The conclusion is that reducing the inductance of the submarine cable, increasing the capacitance of the submarine cable, increasing the output voltage of the shore station power feeding equipment (PFE) or reducing the power consumption of the undersea station, are beneficial to improve the large-signal stability of the CSO DC power system.

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Tranfield, M. Wynn. "Unspooling the Legacy of Submarine Cables." DttP: Documents to the People 46, no. 3 (October 8, 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i3.6826.

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Submarine cables represent an invisible yet crucial infrastructure that enable all manner of global communication. Despite their impact, they are seldom a matter of public interest or debate. Further, they are uniquely represented in state, federal, and international legislation. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding submarine cables have shifted from colonial monopolies to environmental health and national security. The following document examines the evolution of submarine cables from the first transatlantic copper wire cable to the present fiber-optic cable boom through the legislative lens.

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Lu, Zhifei, Chen Cao, Yongqiang Ge, Jiamin He, Zhou Yu, Jiawang Chen, and Xinlong Zheng. "Research on Improving the Working Efficiency of Hydraulic Jet Submarine Cable Laying Machine." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070745.

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The anchoring and hooking of ships, bedrock friction and biological corrosion threaten the safety and stability of submarine cables. A hydraulic jet submarine cable laying machine manages to bury the submarine cables deep into the seabed, and effectively reduces the occurrence of external damage to the submarine cables. This machine uses a hydraulic jet system to realize trenching on the seabed. However, the hydraulic jet submarine cable laying machine has complicated operation and high power consumption with high requirements on the mother ship, and it is not yet the mainstream trenching method. In this paper, a mathematical model for the hydraulic jet nozzle of the submarine cable laying machine is established, and parameters that affect the trenching efficiency are studied. The effects of jet target distance, flow, angle and nozzle spacing on the working efficiency of the burying machine are analyzed by setting up a double-nozzle model. The results of the theory, numerical simulation and experiment show that the operational efficiency of the hydraulic jet submarine cable laying machine can be distinctly improved by setting proper jet conditions and parameters.

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Lao, Xinli, Jiajian Zhang, Chuanlian Gao, Huakun Deng, Yanlei Wei, and Zhenzhong Liu. "A Method for Online Monitoring Data Release of Composite Submarine Cable Based on Horizontal Federated Learning." Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 24, no. 3 (September 10, 2023): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v24i3.2275.

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Conventional online composite submarine cable monitoring data release mostly adopts the method and principle of blockchain dynamic zoning consensus. In the data release process, there are omissions, and it takes a long time to complete the task, which reduces the timeliness of online composite submarine cable monitoring data release. Based on this, a new data publishing method is proposed by introducing horizontal federation learning. First, the online monitoring data of composite submarine cables are collected and preprocessed to eliminate the high-frequency capacitive effect of submarine cables. Secondly, manage composite submarine cable data nodes, transform the status relationship of data nodes, and ensure the quality of subsequent data release. A horizontal federation learning model is established to design the online monitoring data release process. The experimental results show that the new data release method is highly feasible. With the increasing online monitoring data of composite submarine cables, the time required for data release is short, and the timeliness is high.

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Ramanathan, Alagappan, and Sangeetha Abdu Jyothi. "Nautilus: A Framework for Cross-Layer Cartography of Submarine Cables and IP Links." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 7, no. 3 (December 7, 2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3626777.

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Submarine cables constitute the backbone of the Internet. However, these critical infrastructure components are vulnerable to several natural and man-made threats, and during failures, are difficult to repair in remote oceans. In spite of their crucial role, we have a limited understanding of the impact of submarine cable failures on global connectivity, particularly on the higher layers of the Internet. In this paper, we present Nautilus, a framework for cross-layer cartography of submarine cables and IP links. Using a corpus of public datasets and Internet cartographic techniques, Nautilus identifies IP links that are likely traversing submarine cables and maps them to one or more potential cables. Nautilus also gives each IP to cable assignment a prediction score that reflects the confidence in the mapping. Nautilus generates a mapping for 3.05 million and 1.43 million IPv4 and IPv6 links, respectively, spanning 91% of all active cables. In the absence of ground truth data, we validate Nautilus mapping using three techniques: analyzing past cable failures, using targeted traceroute measurements, and comparing with public network maps of two operators.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Submarine cables"

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Horgan, John J. "The Pacific cable : a study of the 'connectional history' of Australia and Canada within the British Empire, 1872-1902." Thesis, University of Sydney, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16422.

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Hosseini, Ehsan. "Mechanical Properties of Outer Protection Layer on Submarine High Voltage Cables." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-859.

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In this thesis, the Mechanical properties of polypropylene yarn of outer protection layer on Submarine High Voltage Cable, twisted around submarine cable,is determined on various conditions at ABB Company. In the first step, tensile tests are done with polypropylene yarn specimens with and without Bitumen at Room temperature. In the second step,tensile tests are done with polypropylene yarn specimens with and without Bitumen and with knotted polypropylene yarn namely: the Fishermen’s knot, the Weaver’s knot, the Square knot and the Overhand knot at Warm Condition (60˚c) and Cold Condition(-5˚c). In the final step,it is proposed to obtain numerical solution using FEM analysis with ABAQUS Software to obtain the hoop stress , the yarn stresses from twisting cable and analyzing of the cylindrical buckling in the buckling torsion and buckling bending on the outer layer of submarine cable with polypropylene material that is mixed with Bitumen.

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Shvets, Daria. "The International legal regime of submarine cables: a global public interest regime." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671344.

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This thesis, entitled The International Legal Regime Of Submarine Cables: A Global Public Interest Regime, aims to analyze the legal regime governing submarine cables, identify its deficiencies and examine how they might be addressed by international law. The main idea of this research is that modern legal regime of submarine cables is fragmented and incomprehensive and consequently requires substantial and institutional changes. The study consists of three sections: the first section is devoted to the legal nature of submarine cables as an object of regulation; the second section addresses current legal regime of submarine cables on several levels such as public international law, domestic law of states and private international law; the third section, consolidating the analysis made in two previous sections, presents suggestions on how the existing legal regime might be changed to provide better submarine cables governance.
La presente tesis doctoral, que lleva por título El régimen jurídico internacional de los cables submarinos: un régimen de interés público global, tiene como objetivo analizar el régimen jurídico que rige los cables submarinos, identificar sus deficiencias y examinar cómo podrían ser abordados por el derecho internacional. La idea principal de esta investigación es que el régimen jurídico moderno de los cables submarinos es fragmentado e incompleto y, en consecuencia, requiere cambios sustanciales e institucionales. El estudio consta de tres secciones: la primera sección está dedicada a la naturaleza jurídica de los cables submarinos como objeto de regulación; la segunda sección aborda el régimen jurídico actual de los cables submarinos en varios niveles, como el Derecho internacional público, el derecho interno de los Estados y el Derecho internacional privado; la tercera sección, que consolida el análisis realizado en dos secciones anteriores, presenta sugerencias sobre cómo se podría cambiar el régimen jurídico existente para proporcionar una mejor gobernanza de los cables submarinos.
Aquesta tesi, titulada El règim jurídic internacional de cables submarins: un règim d'interès públic global, pretén analitzar el règim jurídic que regula els cables submarins, identificar-ne les deficiències i examinar com poden abordar el dret internacional públic. La idea principal d'aquesta investigació és que el règim jurídic modern dels cables submarins està fragmentat i incomprensiu i, per tant, requereix canvis substancials i institucionals. L’estudi consta de tres seccions: la primera secció està dedicada a la naturalesa jurídica dels cables submarins com a objecte de regulació; la segona secció aborda el règim jurídic actual dels cables submarins a diversos nivells com el dret internacional públic, el dret intern dels estats i el dret internacional privat; la tercera secció, que consolida l’anàlisi feta en dos apartats anteriors, presenta suggeriments sobre com es pot canviar el règim jurídic existent per proporcionar una millor governança dels cables submarins.

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Emeana, Chinedu John. "Impact of seabed properties on the ampacity and reliability of submarine HV cables." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412123/.

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The expansion of offshore renewable energy infrastructure and the need for trans-continental shelf power transmission require the use of submarine High Voltage (HV) cables. These cables have maximum operating surface temperatures of up to 90°C and are typically buried 1-2 m beneath the seabed, within the wide range of substrates found on the continental shelf. However, the heat flow pattern and potential effects on the sedimentary environments around such anomalously high heat sources in the near surface sediments are poorly understood. Temperature measurements from a 2D laboratory experiment representing a buried submarine HV cable are presented, and the thermal regimes generated within a range of typical unconsolidated shelf sediments - coarse silt, fine sand and very coarse sand are identified. Several experiments were carried out in a large (2 x 2.5 m) tank filled with water-saturated artificial (ballotini - spherical glass beads) and natural sediments (fine marine sand) with a buried heat source and 120 thermocouples to measure the time-dependent 2D temperature distributions. The observed steady state heat flow regimes and normalised radial temperature distributions were compared with outputs from corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. The results show that the mechanisms of heat transfer and thus temperature fields generated from submarine HV cables buried within a range of sediments are highly variable. Coarse silts with ~10-13 m2 permeability, are shown to be purely conductive with 10-60 °C radial temperature distribution within 40 cm from a 60°C above ambient source. Fine sands with ~10-11 m2 permeability, demonstrate a transition from conductive to convective heat transfer at c. 20°C above ambient with 10-55 °C asymmetric temperature rise up to 1 m above a 55°C above ambient heat source. Very coarse sands with ~10-9 m2 permeability, exhibit dominantly convective heat transfer even at very low (c. 7°C) operating heat source temperatures and with 10-18 °C significant asymmetric temperature rise of the surrounding sediments over 1 m above an 18 °C heat source. The computed controlling thermal properties demonstrate a distinct variation of thermal diffusivity and conductivity within different sediment types; sandy (fine sands) sediments are about twice more effective at diffusing heat than muddy (coarse silts) sediments. The occurrence of convection heat transfer within high permeability sediments is an important insight that are currently neglected in the existing IEC 60287 standard for current ratings estimation. Significant convection supports more efficient heat transfer leading to reduced cable temperature, increased current ratings and ampacity, decreased degradation rates of cable insulation and thus increased life span and decrease manufacturing costs of submarine cables. Also the varying sediment thermal conductivity around submarine HV cables further implies that cables buried around sandy sediments will uptake heat more rapidly than in muddy sediments, which are also not considered in the existing IEC 60287 standards. In addition, these findings are important for the surrounding near surface environments experiencing such high temperatures and may have significant implications for chemical and physical processes operating at the grain and sub-grain scale as well as biological activity at both micro-faunal and macro-faunal levels.

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Wood, Thomas Benedict. "Interaction of DC-DC converters and submarine power cables in offshore wind farm DC networks." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11767.

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Offshore wind power is attracting increasing levels of research and investment. The use of HVDC transmission and the development of DC grids are topics with similar high levels of interest that go hand in hand with the development of large scale, far from shore wind farms. Despite increased capital cost of some components, DC power transmission can have significant advantages over AC transmission, in particular in the offshore environment. These advantages are well established for large scale, long distance point to point transmission. This thesis assesses the suitability of a multi-terminal DC power collection network, with short cables and relatively small amounts of power, addresses a number of the technical challenges in realising such a network and shows methods for overall system cost reduction. Technical and modelling challenges result from the interaction between power electronic DC-DC converters and the cables in a DC transmission network. In particular, the propagation of the ripple current in bipole DC transmission cables constructed with a metallic sheath and armour is examined in detail. The finite element method is used to predict the response of the cable to the ripple current produced by the converters. These results are used along with wave propagation theory to demonstrate that cable design plays a crucial role in the behaviour of the DC system. The frequency dependent cable models are then integrated with time domain DC-DC converter models. The work in the thesis is, broadly, in two parts. First, it is demonstrated that care and accuracy are required in modelling the cables in the DC transmission system and appropriate models are implemented and validated. Second, these models are combined with DC-DC converter models and used to demonstrate the practicality of the DC grid, make design recommendations and assess its suitability when compared with alternative approaches (e.g. AC collection and/or transmission).

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Taormina, Bastien. "Potential impacts of submarine power cables from marine renewable energy projects on benthic communities A review of potential impacts of submarine power cables on the marine environment: Knowledge gaps, recommendations and future directions, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 96, November 2018 Optimizing image-based protocol to monitor macroepibenthic communities colonizing artificial structures, in ICES Journal of marine science 77(2), March 2020." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2019/These-2019-SML-Ecologie_marine-TAORMINA_Bastien.pdf.

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Dans un contexte de développement rapide des projets d’énergies marines renouvelables, le but de cette thèse était d’améliorer les connaissances sur les impacts potentiels des câbles électriques sous-marins sur les écosystèmes benthiques côtiers. En se focalisant sur la phase de fonctionnement, ce travail était essentiellement dédié à la caractérisation de l’effet récif généré par ces câbles et leurs structures associées (protection, stabilisation) sur les communautés épibenthiques fixées et la mégafaune mobile. L’étude était principalement basée sur l’utilisation d’images sous-marines (photo et vidéo) prises in situ par des plongeurs. Ce travail a mené à des réflexions méthodologiques sur la manière la plus efficace d’analyser ce genre de données afin d’appréhender pleinement la dynamique de colonisation des structures artificielles et leur rôle d’habitat pour des espèces commerciales. Outre cet effet récif, certains organismes se retrouvent exposés à des champs magnétiques émis par les câbles électriques. Ceci m’a conduit à mesurer expérimentalement l’impact de champs magnétiques artificiels sur le comportement du homard Européen (Homarus gammarus) au stade juvénile. Finalement, nous avons étudié in situ les potentiels bénéfices pour la macrofaune benthique de l’exclusion d’activités anthropiques autour de la route de câbles électriques. Le couplage d’approches in situ et ex situ m’a permis de mieux appréhender les impacts environnementaux associés aux câbles électriques sous-marins. Ces résultats permettront d’améliorer l’évaluation de l’empreinte écologique des futurs raccordements électriques
In a global context of rapid development of marine renewable energy projects, the aim of this PhD thesis was to better characterise the potential impacts of submarine power cables on coastal benthic ecosystems. The work specifically focused on the impacts associated with the operational phase. The major part of this work was dedicated to the reef effect created by these cables and their protective and stabilising structures on sessile epibenthic communities and mobile megafauna. This work was mainly based on underwater imagery, either video or photo collected in situ by divers. The challenge of working with underwater imagery has led me to optimise image analyses so as to effectively monitor benthic colonisation and to quantify artificial reef habitat provision to commercial species.In addition to this reef effect, colonising organisms are exposed to magnetic fields generated by the power cables. Thus, I designed an experimental study to assess the impact of realistic magnetic fields on the behaviour of juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus). Finally, we explored the ecological impacts of excluding anthropogenic activity from the cables routes and potential benefits for benthic macrofauna. By coupling both in situ and ex situ approaches, my PhD research better characterises the environmental impacts associated with submarine power cables. These results will help to assess the ecological footprint of future power grid connections

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Ng, Cheuk-kin Jacky, and 伍焯健. "A review of mitigation methods to reduce the impact on the marine environment by underwater works: a case studyof submersible cable laying." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255954.

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Dziubinschi, Gabriela. "Mechanics and control of submarine cable laying." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33328.

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Submarine cable systems are a vital and expanding part of the world wide telecommunication network. The systems are laid in the ocean using a cable ship. During the deployment of a submarine cable, the cable ship has only limited information about the behaviour of the cable once it leaves the vessel and begins its descent to the seabed. The present thesis studies the cable dynamics and control during laying operations.
The cable dynamics is modeled using the continuum approach. Using the model developed, the cable configuration and tension are obtained for the two dimensional steady state and transient motions, when different parameters such as the ship velocity, hydrodynamic constant, and current direction, are varied. Also, the out of plane angle of inclination and corresponding maximum displacement for the three dimensional steady state case are determined.
Then the possibility of controlling the cable oscillations by varying the payout rate is explored. In the case of the controlled response the results show that, in principle, the deviation of the in plane angle can be effectively reduced to zero, but the value of the input payout rate needed is unrealistic in practice.

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Zevallos, León Santiago Hernán. "Operación y mantenimiento de una red de cable submarino." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2008. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1053.

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Pasados los 80’s el incremento en la demanda del ancho de banda por el uso de Internet, así como las comunicaciones internacionales privadas de la industria de las Telecomunicaciones, han ocasionado que las redes basados en Satélites colapsen, ya que esta tecnología no podía brindar la tecnología (ancho de banda) que se necesitaba y otro, su costo es significativamente mayor. Razón por el cual, se inicio el uso de las redes por cable submarino aumentando considerablemente su demanda, hasta que el día la mayoría de las comunicaciones internacionales se hacen a través de este medio. Los grandes cables submarinos en las telecomunicaciones, tiene la misión de unir los continentes entre si a través de los océanos y soportan el 90% del tráfico de la red, trasmitiendo hasta más de 7 Terabits por segundo (Tbps); es decir, más de siete billones de bits cada segundo. El uso de este medio de transmisión tiende a ser vulnerable por el medio ambiente, los daños y el uso inadecuado que se le brinde; es por eso que, la Operación y Mantenimiento de una Red de Cable Submarino es de suma importancia para prevenir y actuar al momento que se presente algún deterioro o rotura, esto es un problema que conlleva perdida económica, por cuanto la rotura de sólo un cable afectaría a millones de usuarios, Para fines de mantenimiento preventivo y correctivo es necesario realizar mediciones y enviar órdenes a los repetidores que están bajo el mar. Esto se realiza variando levemente (sobre-modulando) la señal luminosa de acuerdo a la señal de datos de baja velocidad que contiene los mensajes enviados o recibidos hacia o desde los repetidores.
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Knight, Craig S. "An investigation into jet assisted submarine cable burial ploughs." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10444.

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Fibre optic telecommunication cables laid across the seaoor are buried in shallow water depth (<2000m) for protection against hazards arising from commercial shing and shipping activity. The cables are buried in a trench created by a sea plough, often jet assisted and towed from a ship, or by a ROV with jet legs straddling the cable and uidising the soil around it. Recent trends in the industry require more versatile burial tools, so a sound understanding of their fundamental mechanics is required to enable their optimun design and performance. The aim of this research program was to study the mechanics of force reduction on jet assisted cable burial tools. The experimental program consisted of two stages, both conducted in controlled submerged conditions. The rst studied the effects of jet parameters, tool rake angle and pore pressure on tool force reduction. The second stage studied the action of a single horizontal buried jet on the surrounding soil, in which the rst series of experiments studied a static jet nozzle in sand and clay, and the second a dynamic jet nozzle. The flow rate or nozzle Velocity was varied in each respectively. The rst stage showed force reduction was caused by the reduced soil stress on the tool face in areas intersecting uidised sand. The larger the uidised area (FA), or the lower its intersection, the greater the force reduction. Evenly spaced nozzles gave greater FA coverage of the tool face. Interaction between jet and rake angle and force was complex, but upward angled jets and forward raked tools gave least force reduction. Results of the second stage showed cavity formation in sands characterised by shear erosion whereas in clay by pressure fracturing. The cavity size in sands was directly proportional to jet momentum ux and inversely proportional to tool Velocity. Mathematical models were developed from each stage, the rst to simulate tool force reduction created by the jets, given knowledge of the FA, and the second to simulate the FA created by a single jet. The second over predicted cavity length by a average of 7% over the range of tool velocities tested. The combined models over predicted tool force, and suggested reasons for the discrepancies are given. Further research is required to rene the model and provide a useful tool for the design and operation of jet assisted cable burial tools in saturated sands.

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Books on the topic "Submarine cables"

1

Worzyk, Thomas. Submarine Power Cables. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9.

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Hover, Franz S. Methods for positioning deeply-towed underwater cables. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1993.

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Cables, Standard Telephones and. Submarine optical fibre cables. London: STC Submarine Systems, 1986.

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Ltd, Phoenix Link, ed. International submarine cable handbook. Naples, FL: Phoenix Link, 1997.

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Raha, Utpal Kumar, and Raju K. D. Submarine Cables Protection and Regulations. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3436-9.

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Gobat, Jason I. WHOI cable: Time domain numerical simulation of moored and towed oceanographic systems. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.

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Sandford, Fleming. Postal telegraph service by sea and land. [Ottawa?: s.n., 1995.

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Bureau de commerce de Montréal. Système télégraphique pour les côtes et les îles du golfe et du bas du fleuve St. Laurent et les côtes des provinces maritimes dans ses rapports avec la marine, les pêcheries et le service des signaux. [Montréal?: s.n.], 1986.

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Gordon, John Steele. A thread across the ocean: The heroic story of the transatlantic cable. London: Simon & Schuster, 2002.

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Bright, Edward Brailsford. The life story of the late Sir Charles Tilston Bright, civil engineer.: With which is incorporated the story of the Atlantic cable, and the first telegraph to India and the colonies. Westminister [England]: A. Constable, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Submarine cables"

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Applications of Submarine Power Cables." In Submarine Power Cables, 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_1.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Environmental Issues." In Submarine Power Cables, 249–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_10.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Anecdotes." In Submarine Power Cables, 269–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_11.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Useful Tables." In Submarine Power Cables, 281–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_12.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Submarine Power Cables and Their Design Elements." In Submarine Power Cables, 9–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_2.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Design." In Submarine Power Cables, 51–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_3.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Accessories." In Submarine Power Cables, 105–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_4.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Manufacturing and Testing." In Submarine Power Cables, 123–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_5.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Marine Survey." In Submarine Power Cables, 151–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_6.

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Worzyk, Thomas. "Installation and Protection of Submarine Power Cables." In Submarine Power Cables, 161–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01270-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Submarine cables"

1

Ciniello, Vincenzo, Riccardo Loggia, Luigi Calcara, Massimo Pompili, Luigi Martirano, and Stefano Lauria. "HVAC Submarine Cables Optimization Transmission Strategies." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2024 IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe (EEEIC / I&CPS Europe), 01–06. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic/icpseurope61470.2024.10751016.

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Schick, George, and Karen A. Tellefsen. "The Effect of Corrosion on Submarine Optical Fiber Communication Cables." In CORROSION 1992, 1–14. NACE International, 1992. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1992-92460.

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Abstract Laboratory research and field experience show that signal attenuation in single mode, submarine optical fiber cables increases when molecular hydrogen diffuses in through the cable components and enters the fiber. Our laboratory and field studies show that this hydrogen can be generated by corrosion of the armor wires, de stray current pick-up by the armor wires, and fermentation of hydrocarbons by hydrogen-producing bacteria.

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Genescá, J., T. Pérez, and C. Lara. "Armor Corrosion Monitoring of a Submarine AC Cable." In CORROSION 1997, 1–9. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97431.

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Abstract After the hurricane Gilberto flattened (devastated) Cancun in September 1988, the submarine cables which supplied electricity to Isla Mujeres Island remained very damaged, and it was decided to install the new ones. In 1989, four new submarine cables were installed from Punta Sam, Cancun to Isla Mujeres. Such cables, of nominal tension 34.5 KV, were manufactured with a galvanized steel armor coated with asphalt, and began operation during 1990. The object of this communication is to present the experimental procedure that gave place to the armor corrosion monitoring procedure carried out in this particular case and to compare the results with those obtained on the field. Results of the cathodic protection system applied are also presented.

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Soto, Marcelo A., and Jaime A. Ramírez. "Monitoring Submarine Optical Fibre Cables with Distributed Acoustic Sensors." In 2024 Asia Communications and Photonics Conference (ACP) and International Conference on Information Photonics and Optical Communications (IPOC), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/acp/ipoc63121.2024.10809459.

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Yang, Shaojian, Yiran Wei, Xingbin Tu, Ke Jing, Yijin Xie, Tao Zhu, Mingjiu Zuo, and Fengzhong Qu. "Integrated Acoustic-Optic-Magnetic Sensing: Enabling Telemetry via Submarine Cables." In 2024 IEEE SENSORS, 1–4. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sensors60989.2024.10785216.

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Chakraborty, S., D. Boteler, X. Shi, M. Hartinger, and J. Baker. "Impact of May 2024 Geomagnetic Superstorm on the Submarine Cables." In 2025 United States National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM), 261. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.23919/usnc-ursinrsm66067.2025.10906837.

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Piwonski, Albert, Luca Di Rienzo, and Carlo de Falco. "Efficient computation of sheath losses in three-core AC submarine cables." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve61955.2024.10676045.

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Grabe, Jürgen, and Evelyn Heins. "Penetration of Ship Anchors and the Influence of Submarine Cables." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78314.

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Impacts by ship anchors are one of the main reasons for damage to submarine cables. Regulations meet this risk by defining a minimum permanent burial depth of submarine cables. The key parameters for the risk evaluation are the burial depth of the cable as well as the penetration depth of the anchor. In order to meet this risk sufficiently and to reduce the risk of submarine cable damage, the penetration process into the sea bed of the ship anchor has to be understood. Numerical simulations of the anchor penetration in sand are performed, in order to investigate the influence of anchor movement on submarine cables and to identify possible damage mechanisms.

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Schütt, Clemens, Christoph Otto, and Sascha Kosleck. "Numerical and Empirical Based Fatigue Life Analyses of Submarine Cables Under Hydrodynamic Loads." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-80516.

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Abstract In order to perform meaningful fatigue life analyses and estimate the state of fatigue of existing submarine cables, detailed knowledge of the fluid-structure interaction for a variety of load cases as well as reliable data on the fatigue behaviour of the complex overall cable is required. To protect the conductor, submarine export cables consist of several layers. Here, a lead sheathing ensures complete radial water tightness. Regarding transient loads, due to the low fatigue resistance of lead this layer turnes out to be the weak point of the cable geometry. Accordingly, experimental investigations on full-scale cables are carried out in order to proof the cable’s stress-cycle curve. Fully flexible, nonlinear time domain simulations are then used to determine transient stress distributions within the cable for defined load cases. Here, a non-linear model based on reduced finite element structures was developed and implemented. Finally, based on the fatigue data previously determined during the experiments, a damage analysis is carried out using rainflow-counting.

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Oestreich, Ulrich H. P. "Fiber Optic Submarine Cables." In Optical Fibers and Their Applications V, edited by Ryszard S. Romaniuk and Mieczyslaw Szustakowski. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.952931.

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Reports on the topic "Submarine cables"

1

Brown, Neil L., Daniel E. Frye, and John Proakis. Feasibility Study of Non-Invasive Telemetry Techniques for Use With Submarine Telephone Cables. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada261356.

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Booth, Kevin G. Abrasion Resistance Evaluation Method for High-Density Polyethylene Jackets Used on Small Diameter Submarine Cables. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada474444.

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Fader, G. B. J., R. O. Miller, and B. J. Todd. Unusual features in Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada, part 2. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331505.

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The seabed of Halifax Harbour contains a number of features that can be classified into natural and anthropogenic features. Natural features are formed by nature and consist of bedforms such as sand waves, sedimentary furrows, boulder berms, moraines, pockmarks, etc. Anthropogenic features are those formed by human activity and include anchor marks, cables, shipwrecks, dredge spoils, bridge and dock remains. The anthropogenic imprint on the Harbour bottom is very dense, particularly in the inner Harbour, and makes the collection of natural unaffected samples difficult. This poster illustrates and describes anchor marks, gassy sediments, sedimentary furrows, pockmarks, the remnants of submarine net emplacements, vehicles dumped on the seabed, and an area of seafloor rich in glass bottles.

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Spiess, Volkhard, and Tilmann Schwenk. University Bremen Student Training Cruises: Advanced Marine Geophysical Survey Project, Seegeophysikalische Geländeübung Marine Geophysical Field Exercise, Cruise No. AL581/Leg1+2+3, 12.09.2022 – 26.09.2022, Kiel (Germany) – Kiel (Germany), GeophysPracUniBremen. University Bremen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3289/cr_al581.

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The Advanced Marine Geophysical Survey Cruise AL581 took an international group of 10 scientists from the University of Bremen, including six Msc Marine Geosciences students, in September 2022 on the RV ALKOR to the German Baltic Sea, between Kiel and the eastern side of Rügen Using a variety of geophysical methods, the seafloor was imaged for training purposes in order to analyze geological structures and features, but also to detect anthropogenic influences, like submarine cables, pipelines, construction sites, traces of fishing and possible ammunition remnants from past wars. Students were involved in planning, data acquisition, data processing and interpretation in the 24-hour shift work. Using Multichannel Seismic (MCS), Sediment Echosounder (SES), Multibearn Echo-sounder (MBES), Side Scan Sonar and Magnetometer, the cruise provided students with the opportunity to develop a deep understanding of the application of the various methods through hands-on experience. (Alkor-Berichte AL581)

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Goreczky, Péter. Southeast Asia in the US-China Tech Rivalry II. : Digital Infrastructure Development and Data Governance. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2022.17.

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The economic development of Southeast Asia is increasingly dependent on establishing a cutting-edge digital infrastructure. In some segments of digital infrastructure, for example, data centre operations, the presence and strategy of the two nations’ tech companies in Southeast Asia has mainly been driven by market considerations. As for smart and safe city solutions, submarine internet cables, and 5G infrastructure, investment projects are linked to security concerns to a greater extent and are increasingly affected by the tech rivalry of the two great powers. The maze of geopolitical and business motivations and interests makes it more challenging for ASEAN nations to navigate the tech war and face the dual challenge of rapidly developing the digital infrastructure and avoiding taking sides in tech decoupling. The lack of global legislation on digital issues enables great tech powers to push their own data governance models. An intensifying clash between the US and China over data governance concepts would pose a risk to the evolution of adequate local legislation in the ASEAN region.

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Best, Ben, and Levi F. Kilcher. Submarine Cable Analysis for U.S. Marine Renewable Energy Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573969.

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AT AND T BELL LABS HOLMDEL NJ. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Nuclear Weapons Effects on Submarine Cable Systems. Volume 1. Experiments and Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198749.

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See, Alan, Bennie N. Rinehart, and Glen Marin. Haines - Scagway Submarine Cable Intertie Project, Haines to Scagway, Alaska Final Technical and Construction Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5701.

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Christian, H. A., P. A. Monahan, and J. V. Barrie. Deep hole geotechnical investigation adjacent to the BC Hydro Canoe Pass submarine cable terminal, Fraser River Delta, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194142.

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García Zaballos, Antonio, Pau Puig Gabarró, and Enrique Iglesias Rodriguez. Conectividad digital en Bolivia: análisis, brechas y plan de acción. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003998.

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n este documento se presenta un análisis sobre el estado de la conectividad digital en Bolivia y un plan de acción para cerrar la brecha existente con los países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) y los que integran la Organización para la Cooperación y del Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). También existe una gran brecha dentro del propio país, entre las regiones urbanas y densamente pobladas y las que son rurales, remotas o de difícil acceso. Uno de los principales problemas para el cierre de esta brecha es la falta de inversión en infraestructura en las zonas más alejadas. La cobertura de la red de transporte de fibra óptica solo llega a las regiones con una mayor densidad poblacional. Por lo tanto, los ciudadanos, instituciones y empresas alejados de esta infraestructura tienen un ancho de banda muy limitado. A esto se añade la falta de salida al mar, lo cual impide colocar cables submarinos y obliga a comprar el acceso a los servicios de conectividad internacional a través de otros países, situación que deriva en mayores precios. Asimismo, la falta de competencia constituye un obstáculo para el acceso a Internet de calidad. El documento destaca el trabajo del gobierno en materia de acceso universal y gestión de espectro, así como en la formulación del plan nacional de banda ancha. Estas herramientas han contribuido a mejorar las condiciones de acceso en el país. Finalmente, se incluye una estimación de la brecha de inversión en ALC en general y en Bolivia en particular, a lo cual se suma un plan de acción destinado a apoyar las acciones del gobierno para impulsar el acceso a la conectividad.

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