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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Submarine telegraphy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Submarine telegraphy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Submarine telegraphy"

1

NOAKES, RICHARD J. "Telegraphy is an occult art: Cromwell Fleetwood Varley and the diffusion of electricity to the other world." British Journal for the History of Science 32, no. 4 (December 1999): 421–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087499003763.

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In May 1862 Desmond G. Fitzgerald, the editor of the Electrician, lamented thattelegraphy has been until lately an art occult even to many of the votaries of electrical science. Submarine telegraphy, initiated by a bold and tentative process – the laying of the Dover cable in the year 1850 – opened out a vast field of opportunity both to merit and competency, and to unscrupulous determination. For the purposes of the latter, the field was to be kept close [sic], and science, which can alone be secured by merit, more or less ignored.To Fitzgerald, the ‘occult’ status of the telegraph looked set to continue, with recent reports of scientific counterfeits, unscrupulous electricians and financially motivated saboteurs involved in the telegraphic art. Nevertheless, Fitzgerald reassured his readers that the confidence of ‘those who act for the public’ had been restored by earnest electricians, whose ‘moral cause’ would ultimately be felt and who ‘may be safely trusted even in matters where there is an option between a private interest and a public benefit’. As a prominent crusader for the telegraph, Fitzgerald voiced the concerns of many electricians seeking public confidence and investment in their trade in the wake of the failed submarine telegraphs of the 1850s. The spread of proper knowledge about the telegraph would hinge on securing an adequate supply of backers and the construction of telegraphy as a truly moral cause – an art cleansed of fraudsters, ignoramuses and dogmatists.

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2

Müller, Simone M., and Heidi J. S. Tworek. "‘The telegraph and the bank’: on the interdependence of global communications and capitalism, 1866–1914." Journal of Global History 10, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 259–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022815000066.

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AbstractThis article uses the example of submarine telegraphy to trace the interdependence between global communications and modern capitalism. It uncovers how cable entrepreneurs created the global telegraph network based upon particular understandings of cross-border trade, while economists such as John Maynard Keynes and John Hobson saw global communications as the foundation for capitalist exchange. Global telegraphic networks were constructed to support extant capitalist systems until the 1890s, when states and corporations began to lay telegraph cables to open up new markets, particularly in Asia and Latin America, as well as for strategic and military reasons. The article examines how the interaction between telegraphy and capitalism created particular geographical spaces and social orders despite opposition from myriad Western and non-Western groups. It argues that scholars need to account for the role of infrastructure in creating asymmetrical information and access to trade that have continued to the present day.

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3

Matsumoto, Eiju. "Galvanometers and the Invention of Self-Balancing Recorders." Measurement and Control 26, no. 6 (August 1993): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029409302600603.

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This paper describes the history of ink recorders from their use with the first submerged transatlantic cable to the invention of self-balancing recorders. At the time of submarine telegraphy, Kelvin galvanometers, as well as siphon recorders, were used as telegraphic receivers. Direct-driven thread recorders and self-balancinig recorders, such as the Callendar recorder and the mechanically sensing potentiometric recorder, also employed galvanometers as detectors. Before the advent of vacuum tubes and semiconductors, the galvanometer was the key component of measuring instruments.

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4

Yang, Daqing. "Crossing the Pacific." Pacific Historical Review 88, no. 4 (2019): 524–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2019.88.4.524.

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In mediating the human experience of space, communications technologies played an important role along with means of transportation. When wireless telegraphy was introduced to Japan around the turn of the twentieth century, it was not just the military that made successful use of the incipient technology. The adoption of shipboard wireless telegraphy in trans-Pacific navigation helped reshape the Japanese spatial experience of the world’s largest ocean, thanks to extensive coverage by Japanese newspapers. However, technology never marches forward in a straight line as many published histories of wireless telegraphy suggest. The lack of inter-continental wireless telegraphy contributed to communication congestion across the Pacific during World War I, forcing the Japanese government to relax its monopoly while the Japanese business community abandoned its endeavor to build new trans-Pacific submarine cables in favor of wireless telegraphy. By the early 1930s, this public-private partnership enabled Japan to become a major player in international wireless telegraphy which dominated trans-Pacific communication. This article demonstrates that space and technology became mutually constitutive so that the Pacific Ocean could best be described as a single spatial-technological construct.

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5

Mantovani, Roberto. "The Otranto-Valona Cable and the Origins of Submarine Telegraphy in Italy." Advances in Historical Studies 06, no. 01 (2017): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ahs.2017.61002.

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6

Hunt, Bruce J. "Scientists, engineers and Wildman Whitehouse: measurement and credibility in early cable telegraphy." British Journal for the History of Science 29, no. 2 (June 1996): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400034208.

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Between 1856 and 1858, a group of entrepreneurs and engineers led by the American Cyrus Field and the Englishmen J. W. Brett, Charles Bright and E. O. Wildman Whitehouse sought to lay a telegraph cable across the Atlantic from Ireland to Newfoundland. Their projected cable would be far longer, far more expensive, and far more difficult to lay than any previously attempted; that such an ambitious undertaking was launched and quickly drew financial backing was testimony to the technological enthusiasm of the mid-Victorian era. After many setbacks, the cable was successfully completed early in August 1858. The first messages it carried were met with rapturous excitement on both sides of the Atlantic – making its failure after just a few weeks of fitful service all the more humiliating. Identifying the causes of that failure, and assigning blame for them, became crucial to ensuring the future of transoceanic cable telegraphy. Were the causes of the failure intrinsic to the enterprise, and the vision of a network of transoceanic cables no more than an unrealistic dream? Or did the collapse of the cable result simply from a series of unfortunate and correctable errors? How those questions were answered in the autumn of 1858 would go far toward determining the prospects not only for renewing the Atlantic project, but also for any attempt to extend submarine cables more widely around the world.

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7

6, Perri, and Eva Heims. "Why do states in conflict with each other also sustain resilient cooperation in international regulation? Britain and telegraphy, 1860s–1914." European Journal of International Relations 27, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 682–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066121997993.

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This article compares the explanatory power of five mainstream theories from International Relations, political science and public management in understanding why – when they are engaged in deepening conflict and tension and even preparations for wars – states might simultaneously sustain deepening cooperation in global regulatory bodies. Analysis of explanatory power focuses on trade-offs among five key methodological virtues, and on buffering as an indicator of state unitariness. The theories are examined against the crucial case of one state’s commitment to the first international regulatory regime, the International Telegraph Union (ITU) and the Submarine Cable Convention (SCC) of 1884, from the founding of the ITU in 1865 to the outbreak of the Great War. In this article, we use UK National Archives files to reconstruct Britain’s decisions in telegraphy policy as our case of a state’s decision-making. We focus on four key clusters of decisions, spanning three sub-periods. The study finds each of the theories can descriptively capture some developments in some sub-periods, but not for the reasons identified in the theory and without generality of application. It therefore provides the basis for future theoretical development work and demonstrates the value of theory comparison by analysis of trade-offs among methodological virtues.

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8

Given, Jock. "Talking over Water: History, Wireless and the Telephone." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0712500107.

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For a third of the twentieth century, the only way Antipodeans could talk with people on the other side of the world was by wireless. The submarine cables that traversed the oceans from the 1860s carried messages in Morse code, ‘telegraphy’, but not voice. From 30 April 1930, the wireless telephone service made it possible to conduct a conversation in real time between England and Australia. This article explores the old era of international wireless telephony at a time when wireless is again transforming social and economic possibilities. It examines the economics and politics of the era, the man most closely identified with the Australian services, the technology employed and the way the service was used, identifying similarities and differences between this period and the present.

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9

Given, Jock. "Talking over Water: History, Wireless and the Telephone." Media International Australia 125, no. 1 (November 2007): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812500107.

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Abstract:

For a third of the twentieth century, the only way Antipodeans could talk with people on the other side of the world was by wireless. The submarine cables that traversed the oceans from the 1860s carried messages in Morse code, ‘telegraphy’, but not voice. From 30 April 1930, the wireless telephone service made it possible to conduct a conversation in real time between England and Australia. This article explores the old era of international wireless telephony at a time when wireless is again transforming social and economic possibilities. It examines the economics and politics of the era, the man most closely identified with the Australian services, the technology employed and the way the service was used, identifying similarities and differences between this period and the present.

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10

Müller, Simone M. "Beyond the Means of 99 Percent of the Population: Business Interests, State Intervention, and Submarine Telegraphy." Journal of Policy History 27, no. 3 (June 9, 2015): 439–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030615000184.

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Books on the topic "Submarine telegraphy"

1

Howard, Russell William. The Atlantic telegraph. London: Day, 1985.

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2

Sandford, Fleming. Postal telegraph service by sea and land. [Ottawa?: s.n., 1995.

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3

Field, Henry M. History of the Atlantic telegraph. New-York: C. Scribner, 1987.

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4

Bureau de commerce de Montréal. Système télégraphique pour les côtes et les îles du golfe et du bas du fleuve St. Laurent et les côtes des provinces maritimes dans ses rapports avec la marine, les pêcheries et le service des signaux. [Montréal?: s.n.], 1986.

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5

Treasury, HM. Submarine telegraph contract (Halifax and Bermuda): Copy of treasury minute, dated 3rd June 1889, relating to the contract, dated 12th April 1889, for the construction of a submarine telegraph line from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to the Island of Bermuda (in continuation of Parl. Paper, No. 120, of Sess. 1889). [London: HMSO, 2004.

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6

Treasury, HM. Submarine telegraph contract (Halifax and Bermuda): Copy of contract, dated 12 April 1889, for the construction of a submarine telegraph line from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to the Island of Bermuda, together with copy of the minute of the treasury with regard thereto. London: H. Hansard, 2004.

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7

Bright, Edward Brailsford. The life story of the late Sir Charles Tilston Bright, civil engineer.: With which is incorporated the story of the Atlantic cable, and the first telegraph to India and the colonies. Westminister [England]: A. Constable, 1987.

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8

Gordon, John Steele. A thread across the ocean: The heroic story of the transatlantic cable. London: Simon & Schuster, 2002.

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9

Bright, Edward Brailsford. The life story of the late Sir Charles Tilston Bright, civil engineer: With which is incorporated the story of the Atlantic cable, and the first telegraph to India and the colonies. Westminster [England]: A. Constable, 1987.

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10

Bright, Edward Brailsford. The life story of the late Sir Charles Tilston Bright, civil engineer: With which is incorporated the story of the Atlantic cable, and the first telegraph to India and the colonies. Westminster [England]: A. Constable, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Submarine telegraphy"

1

"Submarine telegraphy." In Sir Charles Wheatstone, 157–66. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/pbht029e_ch12.

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2

Finn, Bernard. "Submarine Telegraphy: A Study in Technical Stagnation." In Communications Under the Seas, 9–22. The MIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262012867.003.0014.

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3

Johnston, Jean-Michel. "Staying Ahead, Falling Behind." In Networks of Modernity, 157–99. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856887.003.0007.

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This chapter details the efforts of states to provide a ubiquitous telegraph service during the 1860s, and the tensions which emerged between the growing numbers of people and places competing for access to the network. Government intervention increased during this period, as secondary branches were built to cater to the needs of towns dispersed across territories and engaged in different economic sectors, and the implantation of foreign news agencies on German soil, Reuters in particular, was restricted. Increasing traffic on the lines led states to manage their networks as ‘organisms’, distinguishing between larger and smaller arteries of communication, placing certain users ahead of others in the exchange of telegrams. The promise that telegraphy would ‘annihilate space’ often remained unfulfilled as a result, however, and delays in communication caused divisions even within the privileged class of telegraph users. Within towns, moreover, the growing social diversity of these users made the positioning of telegraph offices increasingly contentious, as the members of the middle class engaged in finance, trade, and industry occupied different sites within the urban landscape and faced the prospect of delayed telegram deliveries. This section also considers the role of telegraphy in the changing geopolitical context of the 1860s, and how the technology’s impact upon events was represented in Kladderadatsch, as well as the role of the German entrepreneur Werner Siemens in the emerging field of global submarine telegraphy.

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4

"Gutta Percha and the Challenge of Submarine Telegraphy." In Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, 39–59. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004357280_004.

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5

Cookson, Gillian, and Colin A. Hempstead. "Bibliographical Notes on the History of Submarine Telegraphy." In A Victorian Scientist and Engineer, 197–200. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315203553-8.

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6

"An Emerging Empire in the Age of Submarine Telegraphy." In Technology of Empire, 17–55. BRILL, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684173792_004.

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7

"Introduction." In Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, 1–14. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004357280_002.

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8

"The Significance of Gutta Percha and the Rise of Submarine Telegraphy." In Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, 15–38. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004357280_003.

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9

"The Rise and Challenges of the Gutta Percha Trade." In Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, 60–94. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004357280_005.

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10

"Factory to Forest: Opportunity at the Periphery." In Submarine Telegraphy and the Hunt for Gutta Percha, 95–132. BRILL, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004357280_006.

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Conference papers on the topic "Submarine telegraphy"

1

Wilson, J. P. "Lord Kelvin's contribution to submarine telegraphy." In IET Seminar on the Story of Transatlantic Communications. IEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20080669.

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2

de Cogan, Donard. "A numerical model for submarine telegraph communication." In 2008 IEEE History of Telecommunications Conference - "From Semaphone to Cellular Radio Telecommunications". IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/histelcon.2008.4668730.

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