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McCaig, Robin John. "The legality of unrestricted submarine warfare in the First World War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283911.
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Schröder, Joachim. "Die U-Boote des Kaisers : die Geschichte des deutschen U-Boot-Krieges gegen Grossbritannien im Ersten Weltkrieg /." Bonn : Bernard & Graefe, 2003. http://www.sehepunkte.historicum.net/2004/07/5403.html.
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Orloff, Lars R. H. "Analysis of fratricide in United States naval surface and Submarine Forces in the second World War." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374561.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1999."September 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Wayne P. Hughes, Jr. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-82). Also Available online.
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Cruz, Luiz Antônio Pinto. ""A guerra já chegou entre nós"!: o cotidiano de Aracaju durante a guerra submarina (1942-1945)." Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/13310.
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CAPES
As novas gerações brasileiras se acostumaram a pensar a Segunda Guerra Mundial como uma “realidade distante” de suas fronteiras, de suas vidas e de suas histórias. Elas conhecem bem as batalhas sangrentas travadas entre eixistas e aliados na Europa, África, Ásia e Oceania, mas desconhecem as suas histórias socionavais no tempo da Batalha do Atlântico. Pesquisadores definiram o papel do Brasil no maior conflito global como sendo uma “participação simbólica”, “uma beligerância apenas nominal”, “uma sombra da guerra”, enfim, “uma guerra sem guerra”. No entanto, algumas realidades costeiras evidenciam que os brasileiros enfrentaram sim, os ardores da guerra em seu mar territorial e foram obrigadas a seguir as orientações de segurança antissubmarinas. Sob o prisma da micro-história, esta pesquisa analisou um corpus documental variado (jornais sergipanos, documentos oficiais, iconografia, acervos particulares, memorialistas, dentre outros), dialogou com a produção historiográfica nacional e avaliou a memória coletiva dos aracajuanos para perceber como os sucessivos ataques dos U-boots repercutiram no cotidiano da cidade de Aracaju nos anos de 1942 e 1943. A história dos torpedeamentos dos navios mercantes gerou centenas de mortos, dezenas de sobreviventes traumatizados, população costeira amedrontada e um clima de insegurança generalizado, configurando assim, o estado de beligerância nas águas territoriais do Brasil, e mais tarde, a declaração varguista de guerra à Alemanha e à Itália. Portanto, esta pesquisa histórica analisou a Guerra Submarina na costa de Sergipe, centralizando suas análises para o cotidiano dos aracajuanos e suas respostas aos reveses navais, no período de 1942 a 1945. The new Brazilian generations got used to thinking of World War II as a “distant reality”, far from their frontiers, their lives and their histories. They know well the bloody battles between the Axis and the Allies in Europe, Africa, Asia and Oceania, but do not know the social-naval histories during the Battle of the Atlantic. Researchers have defined the role of Brazil in the biggest world conflict has having “symbolical participation”, “a merely nominal belligerence”, “a shadow of the war”, ultimately, “a war without war”. Nevertheless, some coastal realities evince the fact that Brazilian did face the flames of the war in their territorial sea and were forced to follow anti-submarine safety directions. Under the view of micro-history, this study analyzed a varied documental corpus (newspapers from Sergipe, official documents, iconography, private collections, memorialists, among others), conversed with the national historiographical production and evaluated the collective memory of people from Aracaju, in order to perceive how the successive attacks of U-boots affected Aracaju daily life in 1942 and 1943. The history of merchant vessels torpedoing generated hundreds of deaths, dozes of traumatized survivors, fearful coastal inhabitants and an environment of generalized insecurity. This therefore configured the belligerence state in Brazilian territorial waters, and, later, the declaration (by then Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas) of war against Germany and Italy. Therefore, this historical research has analyzed the Submarine War on Sergipe coast, focusing its analysis on the daily life of Aracaju inhabitants and their responses to the naval setbacks in the period between 1942 and 1945.
Salvador
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Macfarlane, J. Allan C. "A naval travesty : the dismissal of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, 1917." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5022.
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This dissertation relates to the dismissal of Admiral Jellicoe, First Sea Lord from November 1916 to December 1917, by Sir Eric Geddes, First Lord of the Admiralty, at the behest of the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George. The dismissal was peremptory and effected without rational explanation, despite Jellicoe having largely fulfilled his primary mission of combating the German U-boat threat to British merchant shipping. The outcome of the war may well have been affected if the level of shipping losses sustained through U-boat attack in April 1917 had continued unabated. The central argument of the dissertation is that the dismissal was unjustified. As an adjunct, it argues that the received view of certain historians that Jellicoe was not successful as First Sea Lord is unwarranted and originates from severe post war critism of Jellicoe by those with a vested interest in justifying the dismissal, notably Lloyd George. Supporting these arguments, the following assertions are made. Firstly, given the legacy Jellicoe inherited when joining the Admiralty, through the strategies adopted, organisational changes made and initiatives undertaken in anti-submarine weapons development, the progress made in countering the U-boat threat was notable. Secondly, the universal criticism directed at the Admiralty over the perceived delay in introducing a general convoy system for merchant shipping is not sustainable having regard to primary source documentation. Thirdly, incidents that occurred during the latter part of 1917, and suggested as being factors which contributed to the dismissal, can be discounted. Fourthly, Lloyd George conspired to involve General Haig, Commander of the British Forces France, and the press baron, Lord Northcliffe, in his efforts to mitigate any potential controversy that might result from Jellicoe's removal from office. Finally, the arguments made by a number of commentators that the Admiralty performed better under Jellicoe's successor, Admiral Wemyss, is misconceived.
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Busuttil, James J. "Naval weapons systems and the contemporary law of war : selected topics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307388.
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Grbavac, Marko. "En studie om det tyska ubåtsvapnets agerande under slaget om Atlanten : ställt i förhållande till Sir Julian Corbetts teorier om sjökrigföring." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4868.
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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida den tyska ubåtskrigföringen under andra världskriget använde sig av sjökrigsmetoder som beskrevs av Sir Julian Corbett i början av 1900-talet. För att testa Corbetts teorier studeras slaget om Atlanten 1939 – 1945 som ett empiriskt fall. Frågeställningen i denna rapport är: Vilka likheter och/eller skillnader finns mellan Sir Julian Corbetts sjökrigsmetoder och det tyska ubåtsvapens agerande under slaget om Atlanten? Metoden som används för denna undersökning är en komparativ metod där slaget om Atlanten studeras som ett fall. Resultatet visar att det finns en del likheter men också skillnader mellan tyskarnas ubåtskrigföring och Corbetts teorier. Corbett menar att syftet med all sjökrigföring är att alltid direkt eller indirekt säkra ett sjöherravälde eller att hindra motståndaren från att säkra den. Det tyska ubåtsvapnet försökte aldrig att etablera ett sjöherravälde utan valde att bestrida och neka britterna ett sådant. Detta gjorde de genom Corbetts metoder fleet in being, nålsticksoperationer och sjöfartskrig. Resultatet visar på en skillnad i metod gällande sjöfartskrig då Corbett menar att den effektivaste metoden är att anfalla fiendens hamninlopp och terminaler medan det tyska ubåtsvapnet bedrev sjöfartskrig ute på öppet hav med goda resultat.The purpose of this study is to examine whether the German submarine warfare during the World War II used the principles of maritime strategy described by Sir Julian Corbett during the early 1900s. The Battle of the Atlantic will be used as an empirical case to test Corbett’s theories. The issue addressed in this report: What similarities and/or differences exist between Sir Julian Corbett’s maritime strategy and the German submarine actions during the Battle of the Atlantic? The method used for this study is a comparative method and the Battle of the Atlantic is studied as a case. The result shows that there are some similarities but also differences between the German submarine warfare and Corbett's theories. Corbett believes that the purpose of all naval warfare is to always directly or indirectly secure a sea command or to prevent the opponent from securing it. The German submarine force never tried to establish a sea command but chose to deny the British Navy and establishment of one. They did this by Corbett methods fleet in being, minor counter attacks and attack of trade. The results show a difference in the approach regarding maritime war. Corbett believes that the most effective approach is to attack the enemy's harbour and terminals while the German submarine force conducted maritime war on the high seas with good results.
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Shank, Patrick. "Below The Depths With USS Becuna: Reinterpreting Cold War History Through Submarines and Cartoons." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/445085.
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HistoryM.A.
Connecting people to the past through thought-provoking interpretations is one of the chief aims of history museums. The submarine USS Becuna at the Independence Seaport Museum (ISM), however, has been without critical interpretation since its opening as a museum in 1976. In order to better fulfill its mission, the museum must interpret Becuna’s Cold War history. This project explores the Cold War though the history of the submarine’s service and the lives of the submariners. First by examining submarines during the early decades of the Cold War, this paper fills in the gaps in the historiography of this overlooked part of naval history and reveals the major transitions that the submarine fleet underwent during the 1940s and 1950s. Then, by studying cartoons drawn by the submariners and other naval personal, this paper showcases their unfiltered attitudes about Cold War Era military life. Analyzing the naval cartoons reveals a number of themes, including tensions between enlisted crew and officers, hyper-sexualization of women, and underlying racism. These themes allow us to understand the Navy’s culture during those years since they reflect accepted social norms. Finally, this thesis details how the interpretation of the cartoons along with the submarine’s Cold War history can be integrated into a new app-based tour on the USS Becuna so that visitors can explore and interact with this socially important and forgotten history.
Temple University--Theses
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Hosseini, Ehsan. "Mechanical Properties of Outer Protection Layer on Submarine High Voltage Cables." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-859.
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In this thesis, the Mechanical properties of polypropylene yarn of outer protection layer on Submarine High Voltage Cable, twisted around submarine cable,is determined on various conditions at ABB Company. In the first step, tensile tests are done with polypropylene yarn specimens with and without Bitumen at Room temperature. In the second step,tensile tests are done with polypropylene yarn specimens with and without Bitumen and with knotted polypropylene yarn namely: the Fishermen’s knot, the Weaver’s knot, the Square knot and the Overhand knot at Warm Condition (60˚c) and Cold Condition(-5˚c). In the final step,it is proposed to obtain numerical solution using FEM analysis with ABAQUS Software to obtain the hoop stress , the yarn stresses from twisting cable and analyzing of the cylindrical buckling in the buckling torsion and buckling bending on the outer layer of submarine cable with polypropylene material that is mixed with Bitumen.
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Fender, Harrison G. "Admiral Roger Keyes and Naval Operations in the Littoral Zone." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou155597191393568.
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Bruzelius, Nils. ""Near friendly or neutral shores" : the deployment of the Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarines and U.S. policy towards Scandinavia, 1957-1963 /." Stockholm : Marinlitteraturföreningen Försvarshögskolan, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0802/2007476647.html.
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Holwitt, Joel Ira. ""Execute against Japan" freedom-of-the-seas, the U.S. Navy, fleet submarines, and the U.S. decision to conduct unrestricted warfare, 1919-1941 /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127506553.
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Rosa, Roberta da Silva. "Sergipe no contexto da Segunda Guerra Mundial (1942) : uma abordagem da Arqueologia de ambientes aquáticos." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3240.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThis research aims to discuss critically about some aspects of the social context experienced in Sergipe, during the Second World War, through the analysis and interpretation of the material culture of that time. For this, we used as a theoretical and methodological approach, the approaches of Maritime Archeology and Historical Archeology, through which we investigated the tragic-naval episodes occurred with Brazilian merchant vessels - Baependy, Araraquara and Aníbal Benévolo - which were torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine U-507, in August 1942, between the coast of Sergipe and Bahia, that caused more than 500 deaths of men, women and children, and this event, one of the biggest reasons that led Brazil to declare a State of War throughout the country.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo discutir de maneira crítica sobre alguns aspectos do contexto social vivenciado em Sergipe, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, através da análise e interpretação de parte da cultura material da época. Para isso, utilizamos como aporte teórico-metodológico, as abordagens da Arqueologia de Ambientes Aquáticos e da Arqueologia Histórica, por meio das quais investigamos alguns episódios trágico-navais ocorridos com as embarcações mercantes brasileiras - Baependy, Araraquara e Aníbal Benévolo -, que foram torpedeadas e afundadas pelo submarino alemão U-507, em agosto de 1942, entre o litoral de Sergipe e da Bahia, e que provocou mais de 500 mortes entre homens, mulheres e crianças, sendo este acontecimento, um dos motivos maiores que levou o Brasil a declarar Estado de Guerra em todo território nacional.
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Wilson, David Joseph Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The eagle and the albatross : Australian aerial maritime operations 1921-1971." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38665.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) and the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) regarding the operation of aircraft from ships of the RAN and from RAAF shore bases. The effects of the separate intellectual development of maritime doctrine in the RAAF and RAN, and the efforts of the two Australian services to transfer theory into practice will be considered in the pre- (and post) World War II period, with due consideration of the experience of the services in both wars. The thesis will also discuss the problems that were faced by the RAAF and RAN to develop mutually acceptable operational procedures to enable the efficient use of aircraft in a maritime setting. The influence and effect on RAAF and RAN doctrine and equipment procurement, as a result of the special relationships that developed between the Air Force and Navy of Australia and Britain will be critically examined. A similar approach to the post war US/Australian relationship, and its effect on the Australian services, will also be critically examined. The thesis being propounded is that the development of a unique Australian maritime policy was retarded due to a combination of the relationship with Britain and the United States, lack of suitable equipment, lack of clear operational concepts in both the RAAF and RAN and the parochial attitude of the most senior commanders of both Services. The study has been based on Department of Navy, Department of Air and Department of Defence documents held in the National Archives of Australia in Canberra and Melbourne. In addition, relevant documents from the Admiralty and Air Ministry related to the development of naval aviation on RAN vessels during World War I, the attitude of the RAF toward the deployment of RAAF units to Singapore, and the negotiations that resulted in the procurement of HMA Ships Sydney and Melbourne, have been perused. Wartime operational records of the RAAF have been examined to obtain data to enable a critical study to be made of the RAAF anti-submarine campaign, torpedo bomber operations and the maritime campaign undertaken from bases in North Western Area during World War II. The influence of the commander of the United States 5th Air Force has also been incorporated in the discussion. The research uncovered procedural and operational variations between the two Services, the diversion of key elements from Australian command and the priority given to the American line of advance that resulted in Australian operations being given a secondary, supportive, status. A conclusion reached as a result of this research has been that the development of a unique Australian maritime aerial capability was restricted by the requirement of Britain to deploy flying units to Singapore in 1940. Similarly, the pressure exerted on the RAN by the Admiralty to purchase the Light Fleet Carriers in the late 1940s was more in the interests of the RN and British foreign policy than that of the RAN. Overall, the relationship with the Britain and the United States masked the real weakness in Australia???s maritime operations and retarded its development.
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Vasquez, Cesar A. "A History of the United States Caribbean Defense Command (1941-1947)." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2458.
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The United States Military is currently organized along the lines of regional combatant commands (COCOMs). Each COCOM is responsible for all U.S. military activity in their designated area of responsibility (AOR). They also deal with diplomatic issues of a wide variety with the countries within their respective AORs. Among these COCOMs, Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), whose AOR encompasses all of Central and South America (less Mexico) and the Caribbean, is one of the smallest in terms of size and budget, but has the longest history of activity among the COCOMs as it is the successor to the first joint command, the United States Caribbean Defense Command (CDC 1941-1947).
Existing from 1941 to 1947, the CDC was tasked with protecting the Panama Canal, the Canal Zone, and all its access points as well as defending the region from Axis aggression and setting up a series of U.S. bases throughout the Caribbean from which to project U.S. military power after World War II. Throughout its short history, however, the CDC was plagued with the same types of resource scarcity that its successor commands would later experience. Early successes, as well as the progress of the war saw to it that the original mission of the Command was quickly rendered moot. Ironically, it was partially the success of the U.S. war effort that kept the CDC from ever reaching its full potential. Nevertheless, the CDC evolved into something different than had originally been envisioned. In the end, it became the model that other COCOMs would follow after November 1947 when the system of regional combatant commands was formally established. Although some research has been conducted into the history of these commands, this dissertation is the first academic attempt to chronicle the history of the United States Caribbean Defense Command.
Research into this topic involved combing through the Archives of the United States Southern Command in its offices in Miami, Florida (SOUTHCOM Archives), as well as the CDC archives in Record Group 548 in the U.S. National Archives II in Suitland, Maryland. Secondary sources as well as references regarding treaties and international agreements were also consulted as necessary.
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Mock, Jon Randall. "Pacific submarines: the forging of underwater fleets in the United States and Imperial Japan, 1921-1945." 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/22117.
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Neves, Vladimiro Maio. "O submarino Fontes." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17355.
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A realização desta dissertação de mestrado recai na área temática da História da
Marinha Portuguesa, mais concretamente no aparecimento dos submarinos no Mundo e
posteriormente em Portugal, dando principal destaque ao primeiro projeto de um
submarino português da autoria do Primeiro-tenente, João Augusto de Fontes Pereira de
Melo, o submarino Fontes. A linha condutora do tema consiste em explicar todos os
desenvolvimentos que este projeto conheceu desde a sua criação até à desistência do seu
autor da ideia.
A problemática do aparecimento dos submarinos foi algo que no fim do século
XIX e início do século XX, mereceu grande estudo por parte de todas as Marinhas do
Mundo, pois esta nova arma era algo que poderia revolucionar as políticas e os
pensamentos dominantes sobre o poder naval. Portugal não fugiu à regra.
Deste modo, é inicialmente apresentado um capítulo sobre a origem e evolução
dos submarinos ao longo da história até à época referida anteriormente, por forma a
enquadrar primeiramente como surgiu este novo meio e posteriormente explicar quais
as principais características dos submarinos daquele tempo.
Em seguida, é resumidamente analisado o estado em que a Marinha Portuguesa
se encontrava desde meados do século XIX até à queda da monarquia, no ano de 1910.
È especificamente analisada a industrialização e modernização do país, os programas
navais entre muitos outros fatores por forma a esclarecer se os submarinos eram uma
opção válida.
Os últimos dois capítulos abordam o tema central. Primeiramente é feita uma
biografia do autor do submarino Fontes, João Augusto Fontes Pereira de Melo,
seguidamente são abordados quais os objetivos desta arma submarina, como foi
evoluindo o projeto desde 1889 a 1907, e para finalizar as comparações do projeto com
os principais submarinos das outras Marinhas. Com as análises iniciais e com a
informação detalhada dos últimos dois capítulos será possível perceber muita da história
do projeto submarino Fontes e todo o enredo em torno deste tema.The main subject of this master's thesis lies with the History of the PortugueseNavy, more specifically the introduction and development of submarine vessels, focusing particularly on the project led by First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo, dedicated to the design and creation of the first Portuguese submarineentitled Fontes. This project is the conductive line of this thesis, explaining itself in thetext the different phases of it's development; from inception until the idea was finallydropped by its author. The concept of submarines first rose to importance around the end of the XIXand beginning of XX centuries respectively. It became an important subject of study bymost navies around the globe, including the Portuguese. This new weapon of war had the potential to become a paradigm shift in naval warfare. This thesis will have it's first chapter dedicated to both the genesis and evolutionof the submarine throughout history. It will try to explain how it first came to be as welas to elaborate on the major features of the early vessels. Subsequently, it will address the status quo of the Portuguese navy throughout the XIX century until the monarchy's collapse in 1910. This particular chapter willfocus on how industrialized and advanced Portugal was at the time, it's main guidelines concerning the navy, as well as the most relevant thoughts, concerns and ideas the Portuguese leaders had regarding the submarine and its feasibility. The last two chapters have as main area of concern both the biography of First lieutenant Joao Augusto de Fontes Pereira de Melo as well his project, Fontes: itsinception and evolution, from 1889 to 1902 and how it stood against other submarineconcepts from other navies all over the world. With the initial analysis and detailed information of the last two chapters will be possible understand much easier the history of this project and whole the context about this theme.
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Rezendes, Sérgio Alberto Fontes. "Receios, privações e miséria num ambiente de prevenção armada : ecos da II Guerra Mundial nos Açores." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4493.
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Tese de Doutoramento, História Insular e Atlântica (séculos XV-XX), 3 de Fevereiro de 2017, Universidade dos Açores.Isolados no Atlântico Norte, os Açores sempre padeceram em contexto de luta pelo domínio dos mares. Durante a II Guerra Mundial, esta realidade não seria diferente. A interação das autoridades civis e militares perante uma mudança imposta por pressões exteriores evidencia a especificidade e vulnerabilidade do seu povo mediante fatores de ordem externa e interna, anómalos ao país e induzidos pela guerra: bloqueio económico, falta de matérias-primas, de géneros alimentares, rarefação dos transportes, inflação, mercado negro, quebra de poder de compra e agitação social, entre mais. Com uma mobilização ímpar, as ilhas teriam graves dificuldades em sustentar a presença de um vasto contingente militar, que distribuído pelas três principais ilhas teria como função defende-las independentemente das lacunas materiais e alimentares, humanas e financeiras. A reconversão do dispositivo militar, de paz para guerra, sobrecarregado pelas facilidades concedidas a povos estrangeiros, agravaria ainda mais uma economia dependente do exterior, expondo as ilhas a fatores como o bloqueio económico e a guerra submarina. Perante um Estado com poderes excecionais, e autoritário, os militares e o povo conheceriam a rarefação, a insegurança e o encarecimento dos transportes, exemplos das múltiplas variáveis que assolariam o arquipélago e que fariam da capacidade de sacrifício dos açorianos, e de entendimento entre instituições, mais do que uma virtude: uma cumplicidade.
ABSTRACT: Isolated in the North Atlantic, the Azores have always suffered in the struggle for the domination of the seas. The World War II was no exception. The interaction between civil and military authorities, imposed by outer pressures, shows the specificity and vulnerability of the Azorean people during WWII. External and internal factors, abnormal to the country and induced by the war, like the lack of materials, food, transport, inflation, the black market, the drop in the purchasing power and the possibility of riots are some examples. The islands would have serious difficulties to sustain the presence of a large military contingent with the function of defending them, regardless of materials and food, human and financial gaps. The conversion of the military device, from peace to war, overwhelmed by the facilities granted to foreign people, would worsen even more the dependence on foreign economy, exposing the islands to factors such as the economic blockade and submarine warfare. The Azoreans felt insecurity, the lack of transport and a reducing capacity of importation and exportation. Controlled by a fascist government with exceptional and authoritarian powers, like the conversion of the production; the mobilization and distribution of the workforce and the orientation of internal trade, especially in the movement of goods, rationing and consumption; price-fixing and wages and profits limitation, there would be an attempt to control the inflation, the devaluation, the loss of foreign exchange and, in the end, the balance between the authorities, the military forces and the Azoreans.
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Alves, Ricardo Filipe Gameiro. "Análise dos Protestos de Mar do Arquivo Histórico de Marinha no período da Grande Guerra. A ação dos submarinos alemães." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/21030.
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A Grande Guerra foi o apogeu do melhoramento da arma submarina, assim como da valorização da mesma, sendo que, esta foi o fator pelo qual a Alemanha quase terminava esta guerra com supremacia em relação aos seus países rivais, dentro dos quais se encontrou Portugal, tendo entrado na Primeira Guerra Mundial no ano de 1916 e visto muitos navios de bandeira portuguesa serem afundados pelos submarinos alemães.
Os submarinos alemães não atuavam sempre da mesma forma, agindo conforme diversificados fatores abordados nesta dissertação de mestrado, no entanto, com a análise dos Protestos de Mar do Arquivo Histórico da Biblioteca Central de Marinha foi possível, não só constatar o referido, mas também obter muitas outras informações importantes no contexto histórico acerca da forma de atuação da arma submarina, sendo possível até através da realização deste trabalho de investigação, observar um “procedimento padrão” submarino.
É importante referir ainda que os Protestos de Mar, que se tenha conhecimento, nunca foram analisados, sendo inédito um trabalho de investigação acerca dos mesmos, nunca esquecendo que estes se tratam de narrações em primeira mão por parte dos comandantes dos navios afundados daquilo que aconteceu aquando do seu afundamento.The Great War was a great improvement of the submarine weapon, as well as the valorization of this weapon, being it the factor that almost led Germany to gain the war against their rivals. One of this rivals was Portugal that entered the First World War in the year of 1916 and seen many ships with the flag of Portugal sunk by German submarines. The German submarines did not always act in the same way, acting according to the diversified factors addressed in this master's dissertation, however, with an analysis of the Sea Protests of the Historical Archive of the Central Library of Marinha it was possible, not only to verify the mentioned, but also to get many additional information which is important in the historical context about the act of the submarine weapon, being possible with this research work to even watch a “standart procedure” of the way that submarines act. It is important to mention that the Sea Protests, that we know, have never been analyzed, and a research work on them is unheard of, never forgetting that these are first-hand accounts by the commanders of the sunken ships of what happened at the time of its sinking.
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Barreto, João Mário Teixeira. "Primeira Esquadrilha de Submarinos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/21025.
Full textAbstract:
A primeira Esquadrilha de Submersíveis tornou-se realidade na Marinha no ano de 1917. No entanto, no passado longínquo, existiu o interesse em construir um meio aquático que navegasse discreto debaixo de água. A ideia foi sedimentada e no século XIX, foram canalizados esforços por vários países na ânsia de criarem um submarino. No século seguinte, o mundo veio a conhecer o valor da arma submarina e o seu contributo para afirmação do poder militar no mundo.
Em Portugal, dois oficiais de Marinha percursores da arma submarina, Fontes Pereira de Melo e Valente da Cruz, mostraram o seu valor com os seus projetos. Contudo, nenhum deles viria a ter o sucesso desejado, de ver os seus projetos aceites para construção.
Começado o século XX, o país mostrou-se relutante em adquirir a arma submarina, pois havia quem defendesse que seria prematuro adquirir uma arma que ainda não tinha dado provas concretas. Por outro lado, reforçava-se a opinião da necessidade de defender a costa portuguesa incidindo na proteção do porto de Lisboa com recurso a um submarino.
Decorridos dez anos após o início do século XX, Portugal ficou no registo dos primeiros países do mundo a adquirir um submersível, que veio a ser construído em Itália. Este passo foi decisivo para o desenvolvimento da Marinha de Guerra Portuguesa, pois o sucesso operacional do primeiro submersível português, o Espadarte, potenciou a decisão da encomenda de mais três unidades deste tipo. Assim, se iniciava na Marinha portuguesa uma nova esquadrilha, composta por quatro submersíveis: Espadarte, Foca, Golfinho e Hidra.
A primeira Esquadrilha de Submersíveis, contribuiu de forma significativa para a defesa de Portugal, tanto na defesa da costa, durante a Grande Guerra, como através da criação de uma verdadeira escola de submarinistas em Portugal, património que vem até aos nossos dias, sendo valor acrescentado que se constitui como vetor fulcral de treino da esquadra de superfície para a luta anti-submarina.The first Portuguese submersible fleet became a reality in the year of 1917. However, the interest in a subaquatic mean of navigation already existed for some time. The idea became a reality and in the 19th century several countries began their efforts in the development of a submarine. However, it was only during the following century, that the world saw the submarine growing to the first rank, as a capital ship. In Portugal, two Navy officers and precursors of the submarine weapon, Fontes Pereira de Melo and Valente da Cruz, shown their value with their projects. However, none of them had succeeded in passing the projects into construction. In the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal shown reluctance in acquiring the submarine weapon, because there were some people who thought that it was premature to acquire a weapon that hadn’t shown evidence of its value. By the other hand, there were some experts who believed that the Portuguese coast should be protected by a submarine, especially Lisbon. Ten years after the beginning of the 20th century, Portugal became one of the first countries to acquire a submersible which was built in Italy. This step was important for the rest of the Portuguese Navy fleet. The first submersible, Espadarte, revealed a significant operational result, and this fact made possible the acquisition of three more submarines of its kind. And so, a new squadron, composed by four submersibles, operated intensely from then on, in the Portuguese navy: Espadarte, Foca, Golfinho and Hidra. The first submersible squadroon was employed by Portugal in the defense of it’s coast, with significant contributes during the Great War, becoming a cornerstone for the foundation of a full school for submariners, as well as for the training of anti-submarine warfare towards the whole Portuguese fleet.