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Academic literature on the topic 'Submaximal exercise tests'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 24 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Submaximal exercise tests"

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Noonan, Vanessa, and Elizabeth Dean. "Submaximal Exercise Testing: Clinical Application and Interpretation." Physical Therapy 80, no. 8 (2000): 782–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/80.8.782.

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Abstract Compared with maximal exercise testing, submaximal exercise testing appears to have greater applicability to physical therapists in their role as clinical exercise specialists. This review contrasts maximal and submaximal exercise testing. Two major categories of submaximal tests (ie, predictive and performance tests) and their relative merits are described. Predictive tests are submaximal tests that are used to predict maximal aerobic capacity. Performance tests involve measuring the responses to standardized physical activities that are typically encountered in everyday life. To maximize the validity and reliability of data obtained from submaximal tests, physical therapists are cautioned to apply the tests selectively based on their indications; to adhere to methods, including the requisite number of practice sessions; and to use measurements such as heart rate, blood pressure, exertion, and pain to evaluate test performance and to safely monitor patients.

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Roberts, Dawn E., Erin E. Futrell, and Eric Toole. "Submaximal Walking Tests: A Review of Clinical Use." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 11, no. 2 (2022): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-11.2.62.

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ABSTRACT Though graded exercise testing is the gold standard for assessing cardiorespiratory fitness, submaximal exercise testing is also useful to assess cardiorespiratory status and functional capacity when maximal testing is not feasible. Submaximal walking tests are advantageous as they have less risk, lower cost, require less time and equipment, and walking is a familiar activity that is easy to do in most environments. A number of submaximal walking tests exist for both overground and treadmill walking. Regression equations to predict V̇o2max values based on walking time, distance, and other variables that influence exercise tolerance have been developed for some submaximal tests, including the Rockport Fitness Walking Test and the Single-Stage Treadmill Walk Test. The 6-Minute Walk Test is a common test used in clinical populations to predict prognosis and assess change in functional capacity after intervention. Determining which submaximal walking test to use depends on purpose and setting, subject characteristics, equipment availability, space, and time. This review will provide clinicians with an overview of submaximal walking test protocols and provide reference equations and minimal clinically important difference values to interpret results.

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Dugas, Marc-Olivier, Pénélope Paradis-Deschênes, Laurie Simard, Tommy Chevrette, Patricia Blackburn, and Martin Lavallière. "Comparison of VO2max Estimations for Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Tests in Apparently Healthy Adults." Sports 11, no. 12 (2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11120235.

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Due to limited accessibility, direct measurement of VO2max is rarely performed in clinical settings or sports centers. As a result, regression equations have been developed and are currently used during exercise tests to provide an indirect estimation. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has recommended a regression equation for running to provide an indirect estimation of VO2. However, significant differences have been observed between these estimations and directly measured VO2max. Additionally, since submaximal assessments may be more convenient for both athletes and sedentary/diseased individuals, they were included in the analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of VO2max estimations provided using the ACSM running equation when used during both maximal and submaximal exercise tests among adult runners. A total of 99 apparently healthy and active adults (age: 39.9 ± 12.2 years; VO2max: 47.4 ± 6.0 mL O2/kg∙min−1) participated in this study. Two types of submaximal estimations were performed to predict VO2max: one based on age-predicted maximal heart rate (HRmax) (ACSMsubmax,Fox), and the second using the actual HRmax measured during the exercise test (ACSMsubmax,measured). The measured VO2max was compared to these estimations obtained from a single exercise test. Both maximal and submaximal exercise tests significantly overestimated VO2max (ACSMmax: +9.8, p < 0.001; ACSMsubmax,Fox: +3.4, p < 0.001; ACSMsubmax,measured: +3.8 mL O2/kg∙min−1, p < 0.001). However, the submaximal estimations were closer to the measured VO2max (p < 0.001). This analysis demonstrated that the included methods overestimated the true VO2max. Nonetheless, the submaximal exercise tests provided a more accurate prediction of VO2max compared to the maximal exercise tests when using the ACSM running equation.

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Landry, Jean-François, Jean-Pierre Després, Denis Prud'homme, et al. "A study of some potential correlates of the hypotensive effects of prolonged submaximal exercise in normotensive men." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 70, no. 1 (1992): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y92-008.

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This study was undertaken (1) to examine the relation of plasma catecholamine and insulin levels to the blood pressure response during and after submaximal exercise, (2) to verify whether the blood pressure response to an epinephrine infusion is associated with the blood pressure response to a prolonged submaximal exercise, and (3) to study some potential correlates of the hypotensive effect of prolonged aerobic exercise. Nine normotensive young men (mean age 22.0 ± 1.4 years) were subjected to a 1-h epinephrine infusion protocol and a 1-h submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The two tests were performed 1 week apart. The physiological and hormonal responses observed during the submaximal exercise test were generally greater than those observed during the epinephrine infusion test. Blood pressure responses in both tests showed no significant association with changes in plasma insulin levels. Changes in plasma norepinephrine concentration were positively correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure during the submaximal exercise test but not during the epinephrine infusion. Results also showed that the blood pressure response to epinephrine infusion was not correlated with the blood pressure response to submaximal exercise. However, post-exercise and post-infusion systolic blood pressure responses (differences between "post-test" and "resting" values) were significantly associated (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). In addition, a significant hypotensive effect of submaximal exercise was observed for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. However, the individual differences observed in the hypotensive effect of aerobic exercise appeared to be more related to variations in vascular sensitivity than to exercise-induced variations in plasma insulin and catecholamine levels, at least in this sample of healthy normotensive young men.Key words: blood pressure, exercise, catecholamines, insulin, epinephrine infusion.

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V??vere, Andrea L., Carl Foster, Glen Brice, Raymond Martinez, and John P. Porcari. "PREDICTING MAXIMAL HEART RATE THROUGH SUBMAXIMAL EXERCISE TESTS." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 25, no. 5 (2005): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200509000-00014.

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Katayama, Keisho, Erika Iwamoto, Koji Ishida, Teruhiko Koike, and Mitsuru Saito. "Inspiratory muscle fatigue increases sympathetic vasomotor outflow and blood pressure during submaximal exercise." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 302, no. 10 (2012): R1167—R1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00006.2012.

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The purpose of this study was to elucidate the influence of inspiratory muscle fatigue on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and blood pressure (BP) response during submaximal exercise. We hypothesized that inspiratory muscle fatigue would elicit increases in sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow and BP during dynamic leg exercise. The subjects carried out four submaximal exercise tests: two were maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) tests and two were MSNA tests. In the PImax tests, the subjects performed two 10-min exercises at 40% peak oxygen uptake using a cycle ergometer in a semirecumbent position [spontaneous breathing for 5 min and with or without inspiratory resistive breathing for 5 min (breathing frequency: 60 breaths/min, inspiratory and expiratory times were each set at 0.5 s)]. Before and immediately after exercise, PImax was estimated. In MSNA tests, the subjects performed two 15-min exercises (spontaneous breathing for 5 min, with or without inspiratory resistive breathing for 5 min, and spontaneous breathing for 5 min). MSNA was recorded via microneurography of the right median nerve at the elbow. PImax decreased following exercise with resistive breathing, whereas no change was found without resistance. The time-dependent increase in MSNA burst frequency (BF) appeared during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing, accompanied by an augmentation of diastolic BP (DBP) (with resistance: MSNA, BF +83.4%; DBP, +23.8%; without resistance: MSNA BF, +19.2%; DBP, −0.4%, from spontaneous breathing during exercise). These results suggest that inspiratory muscle fatigue induces increases in muscle sympathetic vasomotor outflow and BP during dynamic leg exercise at mild intensity.

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Wolfe, L. A., R. M. Walker, A. Bonen, and M. J. McGrath. "Effects of pregnancy and chronic exercise on respiratory responses to graded exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 5 (1994): 1928–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.1928.

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Effects of cycle ergometer conditioning (heart rate 143 +/- 2 beats/min, 25 min/session, 3 sessions/wk) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were studied in 18 healthy previously sedentary women. A nonexercising control group (n = 9) was also studied. Graded exercise tests were conducted for both groups at approximately 17, 27, and 37 wk of gestation and at 20 wk postpartum. Both groups exhibited augmented ventilatory responses to exercise throughout pregnancy. Significant aerobic conditioning effects observed in the exercised group between entry and third trimester of pregnancy testing included a 17% increase in oxygen pulse at peak exercise, reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio during standard submaximal exercise, and an increase in work rate at the onset of blood lactate accumulation. Onset of blood lactate accumulation did not change significantly in the control group. Respiratory exchange ratio at peak exercise was higher in postpartum tests compared with those conducted in late gestation in both groups. Peak postexercise lactate levels were also significantly lower in second and third trimesters of pregnancy testing compared with postpartum in the control group. This effect appeared to be prevented by physical conditioning in the exercised group. The study results support the hypothesis that moderate aerobic conditioning increases maximal aerobic power and the capacity for sustained submaximal exercise. Chronic exercise also appeared to help to preserve anaerobic working capacity in late gestation.

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COVEY, MARGARET K., JANET L. LARSON, and SCOTT WIRTZ. "Reliability of submaximal exercise tests in patients with COPD." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 31, no. 9 (1999): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199909000-00005.

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ROSE, R. J., and R. M. CHRISTLEY. "How useful are submaximal exercise tests to forecast performance?" Equine Veterinary Journal 27, S18 (2010): 471–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb04975.x.

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Castner, Diobel M., Daniela A. Rubin, Daniel A. Judelson, and Andrea M. Haqq. "Effects of Adiposity and Prader-Willi Syndrome on Postexercise Heart Rate Recovery." Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/384167.

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Heart rate recovery (HRR) is an indicator of all-cause mortality in children and adults. We aimed to determine the effect of adiposity and Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a congenital form of obesity, on HRR. Sixteen children of normal weight (NW = body fat % ≤85th percentile, 9.4 ± 1.1 y), 18 children with obesity (OB = body fat % >95th percentile, 9.3 ± 1.1 y), and 11 PWS youth (regardless of body fat %; 11.4 ± 2.5 y) completed peak and submaximal bike tests on separate visits. HRR was recorded one minute following peak and submaximal exercises. All groups displayed similar HRR from peak exercise, while NW (54 ± 16 beats) and OB (50 ± 12 beats) exhibited a significantly faster HRR from submaximal exercise than PWS (37 ± 14 beats). These data suggest that excess adiposity does not influence HRR in children, but other factors such as low cardiovascular fitness and/or autonomic dysfunction might be more influential.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Submaximal exercise tests"

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CROW, RICHARD S., JAMES C. DAHL, ERNST SIMONSON, and KAZUNOBU YAMAUCHI. "Sex Differences in Submaximal Exercise Tests Correlation with Coronary Cineangiography in 133 Patients." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17479.

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Sheffield, Carrie A. "The validity of a one-stage submaximal treadmill protocol to estimate maximal oxygen uptake in overweight males and females." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231341.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Ebbeling one-stage submaximal treadmill protocol to estimate maximal oxygen uptake in overweight males and females. Forty-five male and females (36.5±10.9 years; 170.2±9.9 cm; 77.9±9.0 kg) were categorized into overweight groups using a BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2. The subjects performed a submaximal protocol that consisted of one 4-minute stage with individualized speeds of 2.0-4.5 mph at 5% grade and subsequently performed a maximal exercise test. There were significant relationships between observed and estimated VO2max for males (r=.796), females (r=.426), and gender combined (r=.844). There was an underestimation in the estimation of VO2max in the present study when comparing males (10%), females (26%) and gender combined (17%) subjects. The results indicated that a body mass index between the values of 25-29.9 kg/m2 did create a difference in estimating VO2max in the present study when comparing that to Ebbeling et al. (1991).Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306<br>School of Physical Education

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Lamberts, Robert Patrick. "The development of an evidenced-based submaximal cycle test designed to monitor and predict cycling performance : the Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test (LSCT)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2757.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The HIMS test, which consists of controlled exercise at increasing workloads, has been developed to monitor changes in training status and accumulative fatigue in athletes. As the workload can influence the day-to-day variation in heart rate, the exercise intensity which is associated with the highest sensitivity needs to be established with the goal of refining the interpretability of these heart rate measurements. The aim of the study was to determine the within subject day-to-day variation of submaximal and recovery heart rate in subjects who reached different exercise intensities.

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Webb, Catherine. "Estimating VO2max Using a Personalized Step Test." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3526.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized step test and a valid regression model that used non-exercise data and data collected during the step test to estimate VO2max in males and females 18 to 30 years of age. All participants (N= 80) successfully completed a step test with the starting step rate and step height being determined by the self-reported perceived functional ability (PFA) score and participant's height, respectively. All participants completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to measure VO2max. Multiple linear regression analysis yielded the following equation (R = 0.90, SEE = 3.43 mL/kg/min): 45.938 + 9.253(G) - 0.140(KG) + 0.670(PFA) + 0.429(FSR) - 0.149(45sRHR) to predict VO2max (mL/kg/min) where: G is gender (0=female;1=male), KG is body mass in kg, PFA is the sum of the two PFA questions, FSR is the final step rate (step-ups/min), and 45sRHR is the recovery heart rate 45 seconds following the conclusion of the step test. Each independent variable was significant (p < 0.05) in predicting VO2max and the resulting regression equation accounted for roughly 83% (R2=0.8281) of the shared variance of measured VO2max. Based on the standardized B-weights, gender (0.606) explained the largest proportion of variance in VO2max values followed by PFA (0.315), body mass (-0.256), FSR (-0.248), and the 45sRHR (-0.238). The cross validation statistics (RPRESS = 0.88, SEEPRESS = 3.57 (mL/kg/min-1) show minimal shrinkage in the accuracy of the regression model. This study presents a relatively accurate model to predict VO2max from a submaximal step test that is convenient, easy to administer, and individualized.

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Huchu, Linet. "The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and performance in a submaximal stepping test standardised for external workload." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22962.

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Submaximal step tests are used to predict maximal oxygen consumption and work capacity. However, if the external workload is not controlled the interpretation of the test results may be inaccurate. The purpose of the research was to develop a submaximal test of cardiorespiratory fitness using a novel step test designed specifically to overcome the weaknesses of the previously published step tests. A series of studies contributed to the theoretical development of the submaximal step protocol, piloting the protocol, reliability studies, validation of the protocol and finally a cross-validation of the protocol. The first study tested the hypothesis that stepping tests configured for the same external workload, but varying in stepping frequency, elicit the same physiological stress. Participants (n = 31) performed three step tests at 16, 20 and 24 steps per minutes in random order. External workload was standardised at 45 kJ. Energy expenditure, heart rate recovery, rating of perceived exertion, maximum heart rate and total heart beats were significantly different between tests (p < 0.05) with the biggest differences occurring between 16 and 24 steps per minute. Maximum heart rate as a percentage of age predicted heart rate increased from 70% at 16 steps per minute to 81% at 24 steps per minute. The study concluded that standardisation of external workload with different exercise intensities does not result in the same physiological responses. The second study tested the reliability of the step test. Participants (n = 34) performed a step test three times in a week at a cadence of their choice (16, 20 or 24 steps per minute). The study showed that the step test is repeatable for most variables measured and therefore is a reliable test of fitness. The third study used the outcome variables measured during the step test to develop equations which predicted VO₂max measured directly in a maximal test on a treadmill. A diverse sample of participants (n = 273), differing in sex, level of habitual physical activity and age were recruited for the study. Several models for predicting VO₂max were determined. The most parsimonious equation was: VO₂max (ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹) = -0.10911 (age) - 0.06178 (body mass) - 0.75481 (body fat %) +0.00208 (METS) + 0.11636 (HRR) - 0.019551 (MHR) + 0.07955 (Av HR) + 83.34846 (R² = 0.75, standard error of estimate = 5.51 ml.kg.min⁻¹) where METS is metabolic equivalent, HRR is heart rate recovery, MHR is maximum heart rate and Av HR is average heart rate. Cross validation was done (n = 50) to test the accuracy of the prediction equation. The relationship between the predicted VO₂max and the measured VO₂max was r = 0.87. In conclusion the standardised step test can predict VO₂max in a heterogeneous population of males and females, varied ages (20 to 60 years), physical activity levels and fitness levels.

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Dacey, Jacqueline Marie. "The variability of heart rate response to a submaximal bicycle test given on three consecutive days /." View online, 1987. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998880451.pdf.

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Greiwe, Jeffrey S. "Reliability of VOb2s max estimates from the American College of Sports Medicine submaximal cycle ergometer test." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865962.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the reliability and validity of VO2max estimates from the ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer test compared to a maximal cycle ergometer test. Thirty healthy male and female subjects aged 21-54 volunteered for this study. Each subject performed a maximal cycle ergometer test and two ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer tests. At least 48 hours elapsed between the maximal test and the first submaximal test while at least 24 hours elapsed between the two submaximal tests. Heart rates were recorded from a radio telemetry monitor and from 15 second palpation of the radial artery. A trained technician performed all palpations and was blinded from the telemetry monitor during testing to eliminate any bias. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated by extrapolatingrate for each submaximal trial. To determine inter-test radio telemetry monitor (MON), to an age predicted maximal heart reliability between submaximal trials, correlational analysis andt-test were performed. A correlation of r= .863 and r= .767 were found between the two trials for MON V02max and PALP VO2max respectively. Paired t-test revealed no significant difference (p< .01) between MON V02max 1 and MON VO2max 2 or between PALP V02max 1 and PALP VO2max 2. Although there were no significant differences between trials, the mean data was often not indicative of the individual data since there were 8 MON VO2max cases and 19 PALP VO2max cases where VO2max estimates varied by > 0.5 L/min. There were significant differences between all V02max estimates when compared to measured VO2max and mean percent error in estimates for MON VO2max and PALP VO2max were 25.7% and 33.8%, respectively. The mean error of MON VO2max 1 and MON VO2max 2 were .61 and .63 L/min, respectively. The mean error for PALP VO2max 1 and PALP VO2max 2 were somewhat higher at .90 and .73 L/min, respectively. The present data indicates that a large error is present in VO2max estimates between trials and between measured and estimated VO2max. Therefore, caution must be used when interpreting VO2max estimates from the ACSM submaximal cycle ergometer test.<br>School of Physical Education

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Keller, Christopher Paul. "Validation of the 1-mile walking test in young adults at maximal and submaximal walking intensities." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Skubal, Sandra J. "A comparison of a submaximal step test and treadmill test for assessing exercise tolerance and cardiovascular adaptations by." 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13272904.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.<br>Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-55).

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BELLOTTI, Cecilia. "FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION FOR A "TAILORED" EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION IN OLDER ADULTS." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/421146.

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La valutazione funzionale è quel processo che fornisce una valutazione delle risposte integrative che coinvolgono il sistema cardiovascolare, polmonare e muscolo-scheletrico. Essa è utile per determinare lo stato di salute e il livello di fitness individuale, per prescrivere la corretta intensità di esercizio e per monitorare i possibili cambiamenti nel tempo. I più importanti parametri fisiologici per una corretta valutazione funzionale e prescrizione dell’esercizio sono il massimo consumo di ossigeno (VO2max) e la soglia anaerobica (AT). L’obiettivo del mio precorso di dottorato è stato quello di sviluppare e validare alcuni metodi indiretti per determinare il massimo consumo di ossigeno (VO2max) e la soglia anaerobica (AT) in persone adulte ed anziane. I principali risultati della mia ricerca sono i seguenti: 1) lo sviluppo e validazione di una versione "su misura" dell’Astrand-Rhyming step test e una nuova equazione per la stima del VO2max negli anziani; protocollo e nuova equazione risultano essere adatti per una rapida (5-min), sicura (submassimale), accurata e precisa stima del VO2max in anziani sani. 2) l'AT può essere accuratamente determinata in soggetti sani sulla base della quantità di emoglobina deossigenata, indice di estrazione di ossigeno, presente a livello del muscolo vasto laterale e misurata in modo non invasivo attraverso la near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). I principali vantaggi dell’utilizzo della NIRS per determinare AT, rispetto alle altre tecniche basate sui prelievi di lattato sono la non invasività e l’efficienza in termini di tempo e costi. 3) dal confronto di AT basata sulla tecnica NIRS con il surrogato più comunemente usato per la determinazione di AT in maniera indiretta, vale a dire le soglie ventilatorie di Wasserman (VT1 e VT2) si è visto che AT basata sulla NIRS è altamente correlata e sostanzialmente coincidente con VT1. Al contrario VT2 viene sottostimata dalla tecnica NIRS. Rispetto ad altri metodi, la NIRS offre il vantaggio dell'indipendenza dalla irregolarità della respirazione che può influire pesantemente sui metodi basati sulle tecniche ventilatorie.<br>The functional evaluation is the process that provides assessment of the integrative responses involving the pulmonary cardiovascular and skeletal muscle system; it is useful to determine the health status and the individual fitness level, to prescribe correct exercise intensity and to monitor the possible changes over time. The most important physiological parameters for the functional evaluation and a correct exercise prescription are the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the anaerobic threshold (AT). The aim of my PhD project was to develop and validate some indirect methods for the maximum oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold determination in groups of young and older adults. The main goal is the feasibility and accuracy of these new "field" methods. The main results of my research are: 1) It is developed and validated a “tailored” version of the Åstrand-Rhyming step test and a new equation for VO2max prediction in older adults; they appear suitable for a rapid (5-min), safe (submaximal), accurate and precise VO2max prediction in healthy older adults. 2) It is verified that the AT can be accurately determined in healthy subjects based on measures of deoxygenated hemoglobin, index of oxygen extraction measured non-invasively by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The main advantages of NIRS-based measures of AT over lactate-based techniques are the non invasiveness and the time/cost efficiency. 3) It is compared NIRS-based measures of AT to the most commonly used surrogate of AT i.e. the ventilatory thresholds of Wasserman (VT1 and VT2); NIRS-based measures of AT was highly correlated and substantially coincident with VT1. On the contrary NIRS-based measures of AT underestimated VT2. Compared to other methods, NIRS-based measures of AT offers the advantage of the independence from irregularity of breathing pattern that can heavily affect ventilatory based techniques.

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Books on the topic "Submaximal exercise tests"

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Placheta, Zdeněk. Submaximal exercise testing. J.E. Purkyně University Brno, Medical Faculty, 1988.

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Prediction of energy cost of submaximal exercise in women. 1987.

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The physiological effects of deep muscle massage prior to submaximal aerobic exercise. 1988.

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Mechanisms of residual lung volume changes with maximal and submaximal exercise. 1991.

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Mechanisms of residual lung volume changes with maximal and submaximal exercise. 1988.

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The effect of prior strength exercise on the heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship during submaximal exercise. 1988.

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The effect of prior strength exercise on the heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship during submaximal exercise. 1986.

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A comparison of a submaximal step test and treadmill test for assessing exercise tolerance and cardiovascular adaptations. 1987.

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A comparison of a submaximal step test and treadmill test for assessing exercise tolerance and cardiovascular adaptations. 1985.

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A submaximal treadmill walking protocol for predicting maximal oxygen consumption. 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Submaximal exercise tests"

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Khanfer, Riyad, John Ryan, Howard Aizenstein, et al. "Multistage Submaximal Exercise Test." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_101114.

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Canizares Fernandez, Lenora, and Anna Czarina L. Chavez. "Field-Based Measurement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness for Children and the Youth in Low and Middle Income Settings." In Updates in Physical Fitness in Children [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003910.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has declined worldwide among the youth with 81% of adolescents not being physically active. Promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness among the youth is an important goal with the global challenge of reducing physical inactivity by 15% in the next 7 years. Assessment and monitoring though of cardiorespiratory fitness have not been standardized for children worldwide. Moreover, the gold standard of gas-analyzed cardiopulmonary exercise testing is too expensive for use in low to middle-income countries (LMICs). Submaximal exercise tests that need minimal inexpensive equipment and training for the administering staff are most appropriate for use in population studies and individual CRF assessment in LMICs. Three office-based and two field-based tests (e.g. 20 m shuttle run test) are recommended for use among children in LMICs. Validated CRF questionnaires can be used in epidemiologic studies. Health-related fitness test batteries for children have also been conducted in LMICs. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop a standardized set of measures for CRF among children that can be implemented internationally. These should be scalable, simple, valid, reliable, easily implementable and can surmount the large geo-regional variations in assessing and reporting CRF among the youth.

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"Multistage Submaximal Exercise Test." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_301230.

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Pichon Aurélien and Antoine-Jonville Sophie. "Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope." In Biomedical and Health Research. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-497-9-316.

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The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) has been proposed as a useful, objective, non effort-dependent and submaximal index of cardiorespiratory functional reserve by Baba and colleagues (1996). The OUES corresponds to the rate of increase in oxygen uptake (VO2) in response to the logarithmic transformation of ventilation (VE) during an incremental exercise test. The transformation of the x-axis showed a linear relation between VO2and log10VE which can be modelised to obtain the OUES:VO2=OUES&times;log10VE+b. Therefore OUES could be obtained from the whole or only a part of the test duration allowing submaximal determination of cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, OUES could be used in subjects unable to perform a really maximal incremental exercise.

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Postolache, Paraschiva, Ștefan Săndulache, Constantin Ghimuș, and Alexandru Nechifor. "Assessment of Exercise Capacity: A Key Element in Pulmonary Rehabilitation." In Cardiorespiratory Fitness - New Topics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106211.

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Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an extremely effective treatment for people with chronic lung disease, including post-COVID-19, which is still underused worldwide. The capacity for effort and its increase through physical training is a key element that underlies the PR programs being recognized by all specialists in the field in the guides of the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS), American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR), American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), etc. The evaluation helps to determine the factors that limit it (ventilators, cardiovascular and muscular factors, etc.), to prescribe the intensity of training, to detect the contraindications of PR, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program (improving exercise capacity, reducing exercise dyspnea, etc.). In clinical practice, we use two types of investigations on exercise capacity: maximal test (cardiopulmonary exertion test) and submaximal test (6-minute walk test). Based on the systematic review of recent literature and our clinical experience, the chapter will highlight issues related to PR, exercise capacity, and physical training (aerobic, endurance, respiratory muscle) in patients with chronic lung disease.

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Price M., Thake C.D., and Campbell I.G. "Perception of effort during incremental upper body exercise in able-bodied and paraplegic athletes." In Assistive Technology Research Series. IOS Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-080-3-76.

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Purpose: To examine the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological variables in able bodied and paraplegic athletes during arm crank ergometry (ACE). Methods: Eight male upper body trained able-bodied athletes (AB) and eight male paraplegic athletes (PA; T3 &ndash; L1) undertook an incremental ACE test to volitional exhaustion (35W every 2 min, 70 rev.min-1). Expired gas was collected via the Douglas bag technique in the final minute of each stage and analysed for minute ventilation (VE) and oxygen consumption (VO2). Heart rate and RPE were recorded during the last 15 seconds of each stage. Differences between groups for workloads of 35, 70 and 105W were analysed by two-way analysis of variance. Relationships between variables were analysed via Pearsons' correlation. Results: Heart rate was greater for PA when compared to AB between 35 and 105W (main effect; P&lt;0.05) whereas VO2was lower. No differences were observed for VEor RPE (P&gt;0.05). Significant correlations (r=0.73&ndash;0.87; P&lt;0.05) were observed between RPE and VO2, %VO2peak, HR and %HRpeak for both groups. VEvs. RPE was best expressed as a curvilinear function. Conclusions: The relationship between RPE and physiological variables in AB and PA athletes during incremental submaximal ACE appears similar.

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Conference papers on the topic "Submaximal exercise tests"

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LOPES, E., F. Folchini, T. Ishizaki, et al. "Submaximal and maximal exercise tests in the follow up of severe Covid-19." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.1971.

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Bahenský, Petr, Tomáš Hermann, and Renata Malátová. "Breathing pattern during load and its change due to the interventional program of breathing exercise." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-16.

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Purpose: Correct breathing pattern in resting breathing is connected to the overall physical health, whereas the breathing pattern affects the performance in endurance sports. The prin-ciple of breathing economy consists primarily of the involvement of diaphragm as the main breathing muscle. The paper is engaged in the breathing stereotype in resting breathing and breathing under load. The objective of our paper is to verify whether it is possible to influence breathing stereotype by applying a two-month intervention breathing program. Methods: The paper examines changes in the resting breathing stereotype and the breathing stereotype during load in adolescent, healthy runners. Twenty participants took part in the intervention. They underwent initial and final tests of the breathing stereotype at rest and in submaximal load. Eleven of them were members of an experimental group and the remaining nine constituted a control group. The experimental group included seven boys at the age of 16.1 ± 1.3, with height 173.2 ± 6.5 cm and weight 56.8 ± 4.6 kg, and four girls at the age of 16.5 ± 0.5, with height 161.7 ± 3.1 cm and weight 54.3 ± 2.3 kg. The breathing stereotype was measured using muscle dynamometer MD03 before and during a indirect calorimetry test conducted on a bicycle ergometer. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of sub-stantive (Cohen’s d) and statistical significance (α = 0.05). Results: The breathing intervention resulted in positive changes in the breathing stereotype at rest and under load. At rest, the engagement of the abdominal segment increased by 16.2%, that of the thoracic segment and subclavian segment decreased by 3.6% and 12.6%, respectively, when compared to the initial test. In the submaximal load, the engagement of the abdominal segment increased by 4%, and there was a decrease by 2% for both the tho-racic and subclavian segments in comparison to the initial test. The control group showed no significant changes in the engagement of the individual segments of breathing muscles. Conclusion: Our results has proved that a two-month interventional program of breathing ex-ercises, aimed at activation of the diaphragm and other breathing regions, has a substantial influence on the breathing stereotype both at rest and in the submaximal load.

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Žgank, Žiga, Alenka Nemec Svete, and Vladimira Erjavec. "Blood Lactate, Body Temperature and Heart Rate During Submaximal Exercise in Dogs with Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome: A Preliminary Study." In Socratic lectures 6. University of Ljubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2021.d.002.

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The aim of the present preliminary study was to investigate how submaximal exercise affects blood lactate (BL) concentrations, body temperature (BT) and heart rate (HR) in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). Seven dogs with BOAS grade 2/3 and 3/3 were subjected to submaximal exercise on a treadmill. Each dog was subjected to training session that began with a 5-minute walk at a speed of 2.5 km/h and an incline of 0% and continued with a 5-minute walk at a speed of 2.5 km/h and at an incline of 5%. Heart rate, BT, and BL concentrations were measured before the start (T1), every 5 minutes during the test (T2, T3) and after 15 and 30 minutes of rest (T4, T5). Blood lactate concentrations at T3 and T5 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than concentrations at T1. Heart rate and BT values at T2 and T3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values at T1. Submaximal exercise resulted in a significant decrease in BL concentrations and a significant increase in BT and HR in dogs with BOAS. The results of this preliminary study can give us additional information about the severity of BOAS; however, further studies are needed to gain better insight into the physiological response of BOAS patients of individual breeds to submaximal exercise testing.

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Akay, M. F., E. Akturk, and A. Balikci. "VO2max prediction from submaximal exercise test using artificial neural network." In 2013 21st Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2013.6531163.

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Poncin, William, Charlie Vander Straeten, Adrien Schalkwijk, and Gregory Reychler. "Impact of facemasks during a submaximal exercise test in healthy adults." In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3166.

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FitzMaurice, Thomas Simon, Scott Hawkes, Yuen Liao, et al. "Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adult congenital heart disease: can we predict exercise capacity from a submaximal test?" In ERS Congress 2024 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2024.pa1452.

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Manfredi, J. M., B. L. Boger, C. Yob, A. C. Komaromy, and S. A. Shull. "A Combined Submaximal and Maximal Exercise Fitness Test to Assess Conditioning in Beagles." In 2024 American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Symposium Scientific/Clinical Abstract Sessions. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1786204.

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Pari, R., K. LeWine, A. B. Waxman, and D. M. Systrom. "Follow-Up of Treated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Using a Submaximum Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2070.

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Souza, Marcio R. P., Valmira R. Souza, Vinicius C. Iamonti, Elias F. Porto, Claudia Kumpel, and Antonio A. M. Castro. "Influence Of Dynamic Lung Hyperinflation On Maximal Inspiratory And Expiratory Pressures At Rest And During A Submaximal Exercise Test In COPD." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a1196.

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Willixhofer, Robin, Dadjar Immanuel Hostermann, Farideh Alasti, David Niederseer, and Roza Badr-Eslam. "Comparison of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) with submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients diseased with transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM)." In ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa4641.

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