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Journal articles on the topic 'Submerged Arc Welding'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 September 2023

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1

He, Kuan Fang, Xue Jun Li, Ji Gang Wu, and Qi Li. "Three-Dimensional Temperature Field Numerical Simulation of Twin-Arc High-Speed Submerged Arc Welding Process Based on ANSYS." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.188.

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Based on analysis of submerged arc welding arc heat source model and droplet heat inputting uniform distribution, ANSYS parametric design language was applied to develop sub-program for loading moving heat sources. ANSYS software was used to calculate the temperature fields. In the same welding conditions, weld seam width and depth value of experiments and simulation are contrasted, the biggest error was below 5%. The influence of different welding speed to molten pool temperature of twin-arc submerged arc welding was analyzed, it obtained results that temperature field distribution of twin-arc submerged arc welding changes more gentle than single arc submerged arc welding in condition of increased welding speed, it was helpful to the further analysis of molten pool dynamic behavior and weld seam shape factors of twin-arc high speed submerged arc welding.

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2

KOMURA, Masaharu. "Shielded Metal Arc Welding^|^bull;Submerged Arc Welding." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 79, no. 2 (2010): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.79.158.

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3

Z.V, Smirnova. "Automatic submerged arc welding." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 2989–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/17872020.

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4

Ratzsch, Hans, and Gernot Schäfer. "Submerged-arc vertical welding." Welding International 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118709449030.

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5

Pandey, Sunil, Narinder Mohan, G. Padmanabham, and Masood Aghakhani. "Welding Current in Submerged Arc Welding." Indian Welding Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22486/iwj.v36i1.178841.

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6

Zhang, Wen Ming, Xiao Xu Li, and Bin Wang. "Design on Cleaning Device for Slag of Narrow Gap Submerged Arc Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.404.

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At present, the Narrow Gap Submerged Arc Welding is an advanced welding technology. As the weld is very deep and narrow, the slag is difficult to clean and will have impact on the quality of welding seam. Therefore, a new kind of narrow gap submerged arc welding slag cleaning device is designed to clean the welding slag. It is consisted of welding walking tractor, height adjuster, slag masher, slag cleaner and slag collector. The narrow gap submerged arc welding slag removal device used for the welding process can realize the cleaning that manpower cannot finish. It is a kind of time-saving, energy-saving and high efficient welding cleaning method.

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Singh, Ravinder Pal, R. K. Garg, and D. K. Shukla. "Optimization of response parameters for polarity in submerged arc welding." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 11, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 494–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-04-2015-0024.

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Purpose – Optimization of response parameter is essential in any process .The purpose of this paper is to focus at achieving the optimized parameter for submerged arc welding to furnish the quality welds at direct current electrode positive (DCEP) polarity and direct current electrode negative (DCEN) polarity. Design/methodology/approach – This paper achieves the parameter after extensive trial runs and finally parameters are optimized to acquire the cost effective and quality welds in submerged arc welding using the response surface methodology. Findings – Apart from effect of parameters on weld bead geometry has been identified but optimized parameters has also been achieved for submerged arc welding process for DCEP and DCEN polarities. Practical implications – As this study is related to practical work it may be useful for any relevant application. Social implications – The process parameters used in this experimental work will be basis for job work/industry for submerged arc welding. Originality/value – This paper identifies the effect of polarity in submerged arc welding.

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Mosin, A. A., V. A. Erofeev, and M. A. Sholokhov. "Physicomathematical modeling of the formation features of fillet welds of bridge metal structures under submerged-arc welding." Advanced Engineering Research 20, no. 3 (October 5, 2020): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2020-20-3-259-268.

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Introduction. The weld formation under the submerged-arc welding of bridge metal structures is investigated. The work objective is to study possibilities to increase the welding performance during the arc welding of fillet seams. Materials and Methods. Methods of computer analysis are used to optimize the technology. With their help, a physicomathematical model of fillet weld formation under the submerged-arc welding has been developed. It is based on a system of equations for thermal conductivity and equilibrium of the weld pool surface. In this system, the formation of an arc cavern is determined through the flux boiling isotherm under the action of the arc column radiation; heat transfer by the flux vapor inside the arc cavern and the influence of the spatial position on the formation of the weld pool are taken into account. Results. New mathematical relationships that describe physical phenomena under the submerged-arc welding of fillet welds are proposed. The key feature of the proposed model is in the fundamental difference between the submerged-arc welding and the gas-shielded arc welding, i.e., during submerged-arc welding, the arc burns in a gas-vapor cavern that appears due to the melting and evaporation of flux. Numerical simulation of the temperature distribution during production of the fillet welds in 1F and 2F positions is carried out. The process constraints under the single-run welding of the fillet welds are specified. It was determined that the single-run submerged-arc welding of fillet welds in 1F position exhibits high-quality formation of welds for almost the entire range of metal sheet thicknesses. During production of fillet welds in 2F position, high-quality formation is provided only for sheet thicknesses up to 8 mm. At heavy thicknesses, the formation of the seam is disrupted due to the melt flow from the vertical wall. In this case, the leg length decreases; a typical undercut is formed; so the weld will be asymmetric and less strong.Discussion and Conclusions. Comparison of the numerical analysis results with actual data on welding modes under the production of bridge metal structures shows that the existing fillet welding technologies have already reached their maximum efficiency rate. Further productivity gain is possible by forming oversized legs only with multiarc or multielectrode welding methods.

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9

Rustam Abaszada, Rustam Abaszada. "SUBMERGED ARC WELDING AND MELTING TECHNOLOGY." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 13, no. 01 (February 7, 2023): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962//etm13012023-92.

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The article dedicated "Submerged arc welding and meltıng technology" method, which is one of the technologies for repairing friction-worn parts of oil and gas equipment. The efficiency, technological regime,advantages of the process are noted, and it is also shown that this method is used today in the oil industry and shipbuilding. With these methods, the repairing of a part of the pieces corroded by friction, as well as the possibility of welding steel plates of different grades and thicknesses, was reflected. In determining welding procedures for certain applications, the welding engineer must first take into account the specific welding qualities required, since in practice, although some factors can be determined quite accurately, others change during manufacturing process. Arc voltage, electrode selection, welding speed are important considerations in determining operating mode, and the penetration caused by high voltage combined with low speed is indicated accordingly. The supply of agent (glycerin) to the recently created attachment zone is indicated. It reduces the thermal impact of the cooling arc on the half and will increase the cooling rate of the deposited and metal, decreasing the deformation and self-heating of the adjacent elements of the half. Besides, the liquid serves to safeguard the liquid metal from the harmful effects of chemical element and gas. Keywords: overheating, vibration, crack, arc voltage, welding defects, welding speed, technical glycerin, soda ash.

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10

Ghosh, Aniruddha, and Somnath Chattopadhyaya. "Prediction of Temperature Distribution on Submerged Arc Welded Plates through Gaussian Heat Distribution Technique." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 2477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.2477.

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Submerged Arc Welding process (SAW) is a high quality, very high deposition rate welding process. It has lot of social and economical implecations.This paper makes an attempt to uncover an important area on studies of temperature distribution during submerged arc welding because this may pave the way for application of microstructure modeling, thermal stress analysis, residual stress/distribution and welding process simulation. Prediction of temperature variation of entire plates during welding through an analytical solution is derived from the transient multi dimensional heat conduction of semi infinite plate. The heat input that is applied on the plate is exactly same amount of heat lost for electric arc, which is assumed to be a moving double conical heat source with Gaussian distribution for Submerged Arc Welding process. Good agreement between predicted and experimental results has been achieved.

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11

Saini, Vijay, and Shivali Singla. "Parameter Optimization of SAW in Hardfacing Process Using Hybrid Approach of Adaptive Stimulated Annealing and Neural Networks." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2012.1.2.2495.

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This paper details the application of ANN in hardfacing technique to determine the optimal process parameters for submerged arc welding (SAW). The planned experiments are conducted on the semiautomatic submerged arc welding machine. The relationships between process parameters (arc current, arc voltage, welding speed, electrode protrusion, and preheat temperature) and welding performance (deposition rate, hardness, and dilution) are established. A Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) optimization algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neural network for searching the optimal process parameters. Experimental results have shown that welding performance can be enhanced by using this new approach

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12

KUMAGAI, Masaharu, and Naoki OKUDA. "Permeability of submerged arc welding flux." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 34, no. 382 (1985): 871–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.34.871.

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13

Z.V, Smirnova,. "Calculation of automatic submerged arc welding." International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research 8, no. 7 (July 25, 2020): 3697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2020/130872020.

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14

Parkitny, R., A. Pawlak, and W. Piekarska. "Thermal model of submerged arc welding." Materials Science and Technology 8, no. 9 (September 1992): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mst.1992.8.9.841.

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15

Reisgen, Uwe, Simon Olschok, Stefan Jakobs, Markus Schleser, Oleg Mokrov, and Eduardo Rossiter. "Laser Beam Submerged Arc Hybrid Welding." Physics Procedia 39 (2012): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.016.

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16

Reisgen, Uwe, Simon Olschok, Michael Mavany, and Stefan Jakobs. "Laser Beam Submerged Arc Hybrid Welding." Physics Procedia 12 (2011): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.023.

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17

Li, Ke, Zhisheng Wu, Yanjun Zhu, and Cuirong Liu. "Metal transfer in submerged arc welding." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 244 (June 2017): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.02.004.

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18

Zhang, Min, Liang Yang, and Ji-Hong Li. "Submerged Arc Welding × 100 Pipeline Steels." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 1 (January 2014): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2013.852215.

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19

Jakubcik, L. "Submerged-arc welding using coke additions." Welding International 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119109447829.

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20

Feinberg, L. J., V. V. Shchegol, and L. V. Honcharenko. "Two-wire submerged-arc welding with cold wire application." Paton Welding Journal 2022, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2022.01.01.

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21

Yan, Chun Yan, Xin Zhao, Song Ya Tian, Sheng Xun Xu, Bai Qing Ma, and Hai Yang Jiang. "Effect of Welding Parameters on Temperature Field during Twin-Wire Submerged Arc Welding of X80 Pipeline Steel." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 2347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2347.

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The welding temperature field of twin-wire submerged arc welding (SAW) in an X80 pipeline steel welded joint was analyzed using a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model. Taking into account nonlinear relationships between temperature and mechanical properties, a coupled thermo-mechanical FE solution was used to obtain the temperature distribution for varying set of welding conditions. Effect of welding speed, inter wire spacing on welding temperature field were studied and presented. It is found that welding speed and inter wire spacing play a significant role in deciding the temperature distribution of twin-wire submerged arc welding. Simulation results were well consistent with theoretical analysis.

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22

Fiveyskiy, Andrei, Aleksei Mosin, Sergey Zverev, and Ilya Polevoy. "Research on technological capabilities of double-electrode welding of long fillet welds." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800072.

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The article presents the results of a research of the technological capabilities of double-electrode submerged arc welding of elongated fillet welds with a leg of 8 mm or more in one pass while ensuring high-quality and stable formation of weld. As the result of the research we reviewed the features of the fillet weld formation during welding of metal strips with a thickness of 14 mm with different locations of the welding wires in the torch relative to the axis of the welded joint. Consequently we determined the best option in terms of the quality of the weld formation and increase in welding productivity as compared with the two-pass single-arc welding. The conditions and parameters of the single-pass double-electrode (“split electrode welding”) submerged arc welding are established, providing a welding speed of up to 35 m / h.

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23

Shukla, Arun Kumar, and Rajnish Singh. "Mechanical and Micro-Structural Characterisations of Submerged Arc Welded Steel Plates." International Journal of Materials Manufacturing and Sustainable Technologies 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56896/ijmmst.2023.2.1.002.

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The goal of the study is to find out how the welding parameters current (I), voltage (V), and speed (S) affect the mechanical characteristics and mechanical characterization of the submerged arc welding (SAW) process. Tensile strength, Microhardness, Impact load was determined using the universal testing machine (UTM), micro Rockwell Hardness machine and Impact load by Charpy and Izod method. With the help of several Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) factors, notably welding voltage (V), welding current (I), and welding speed, this research aims to examine and analyze the mechanical characteristics of welded connections. (S). The investigation involves cutting and machining samples of welded joints, which are then tested for mechanical qualities using tensile, impact toughness, and hardness methods. Analyses were done on how welding parameters affect the mechanical characteristics of welded joints. It has been noted that when heat input increases, the hardness of the weld first increases up to 100 HRC before declining as heat input continues to increase. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the welded joints increases as the heat input increases, but it decline as the heat input increases more. The slower cooling rate has been achieved with high input heat consequent the coarse grains achieved in the weld metal. In contrast the low input heat results in the faster cooling and finer microstructure.

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He, Kuan Fang, Ji Gang Wu, Xue Jun Li, and H. Long. "Prediction Model of Twin-Arc High Speed Submerged Arc Weld Shape Based on Improved BP Neural Network." Advanced Materials Research 216 (March 2011): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.216.194.

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Twin-Arc high-speed submerged arc welding forming quality prediction model was developed by three layers BP (Back Propagation) neural network. In the model, twin arc current, twin arc voltage, welding speed and wire spacing are selected for the study factor, weld pool width and penetration depth are weld forming quality indicators. The adaptive learning rate and additional momentum term are introduced to improve BP algorithm. Experiments show that the network structure is reasonable of the nodes by inputting and outputting layers of 6 and 2 respectively, hidden layer nodes are 13. The developed neural network model can predict the weld geometry with high computing and predictive accuracy of maximum predictive validation error of weld width and penetration depth within 9.6%, 10.3% respectively, which can be used for real-time monitoring of the quality of welding in the twin arc high-speed submerged arc welding process.

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Shahverdi Shahraki, Hamed, and Hamid Mozafari. "Modeling and Optimizing of Submerged Arc Welding Process by Taguchi Design of Experiments in Presence of Magnesium Oxide Nano-Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 763 (May 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.763.52.

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The submerged arc welding (SAW) process is similar to other welding methods, the quality of welded joints plays role as improves strength, stiffness and toughness of products. The purpose of this paper, modeling and optimization of the submerged arc welding process parameters is using Taguchi's method analysis of experiments. All analyses were carried out using Minitab 14 Statistical Software and the interaction parameters in this study are ignored. The experimental results show that this model can predict the output parameters with reasonable accuracy.

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Shukla, Dinesh Kumar, and Sunil Pandey. "Dilution Control by Advanced Submerged Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1737.

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Dilution is a vital element in surfacing and depends on the difference in chemical composition between the weld and the parent metal, the welding process and the technique used. Metal surfacing is becoming the natural choice for reducing the consumption of expensive raw materials, processing cost and proper resource utilization. Mechanical as well as the metallurgical properties are greatly influenced by the degree of dilution. The advanced submerged arc welding (ASAW) process controls the response parameters independently and breaks the fixed relationship between the wire feed rate (W) and the welding current (I). A study was conducted to investigate the effect of process variables on the dilution during the process. The preheating of the electrode wire used in Submerged Arc Welding process (SAW) for surfacing application was done with the modification in the existing setup. Stainless steel 308L electrode wire was used on mild steel substrate to study the effect of preheating on the dilution. The results show that ASAW process controls and significantly reduces the percent dilution as compared with the conventional SAW process. ASAW process reduces the heat input, use of consumables and increased productivity, is the added advantages over the conventional process.

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Kiran, D. V., D. W. Cho, W. H. Song, and S. J. Na. "Arc behavior in two wire tandem submerged arc welding." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 214, no. 8 (August 2014): 1546–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.02.023.

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Kaptanoglu, Mustafa, and Mehmet Eroglu. "Investigation of in situ synthesized TiB2 particles in iron-based composite coatings processed by hybrid submerged arc welding." Materials Testing 63, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0104.

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Abstract In the study for this contribution, production of in situ synthesized TiB2 particles in iron-based composite coatings using four different submerged arc welding powders (fluxes) containing increasing amounts of ferrotitanium and ferroboron with S1 welding wire, were targeted. For this purpose, coating deposition was carried out to improve the hardness and wear properties of the AISI 1020 steel surfaces using hybrid submerged arc welding. In hybrid submerged arc welding, the welding pool is protected by both welding powders and an argon gas atmosphere. To examine the composite coatings, visual, chemical, microstructural analyses and hardness and wear tests were carried out. With the use of increasing amounts of ferrotitanium and ferroboron in the welding powders, it was observed that the microstructure of the coatings changed in terms of TiB2 particle geometries such as rectangular and hexagonal; volume fractions of TiB2 particles in the coating microstructures increased; hardness values of coatings were enhanced from 34 HRC to 41 HRC; the wear resistance of the coatings improved, and worn surface images of the coatings caused by the counter body changed from continuous with deep scratches to discontinuous with fine scratches and crater cavities.

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Dhollander, R., S. Vancauwenberghe, W. De Waele, N. Van Caenegem, and E. Van Pottelberg. "Multiwire submerged arc welding of steel structures." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20578.

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The assembly of large structures made out of thick steel plates requires a welding process bywhich multiple wires can be used simultaneously. To reproduce these industrial processes in a researchenvironment, OCAS has invested in a multiwire submerged arc welding (SAW) setup. In this multiwiresetup, up to five wires in tandem configuration can be used.The objective of this master thesis is to establish a deeper knowledge of process parameters used to weldsteel plates in a thickness range of 12,7 up to 25 mm, by means of the submerged arc welding process.Based on literature, a test matrix is composed in which the number of wires, the plate thickness and otherweld parameters are the variables. In addition, a specific plate preparation for each plate thickness isderived from the literature. The preformed weld trails will be evaluated on weld bead geometry andmetallographic properties. There is further experimental examination required, which will result in therevising of the matrix.

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Amza, Gheorghe, Gabriel Iacobescu, Dan Florin Niţoi, Cătălin Gheorghe Amza, and Zoia Apostolescu. "Contributions Regarding Working Environment Impact of Submerged Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 1138 (July 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.107.

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Paper presents the main pollutants of the working environment at welding under flux, methodical determination which the main chemical reactions resulting in pollution and pollution coefficient calculation. A number of welding working regime in order to achieve a coefficient of minimal pollution. The experimental results demonstrate that the process of welding under flux is less polluting than manual arc welding and coated electrode but more polluting than the process of welding in protective gas environment. It shows the influence of welding regime parameters for the most important gas pollutants.

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Ma, Chun Wei, Ting Yu Liu, Yan Yan Tang, Qing Hua Lu, Chong Gui Li, and Hua Yan. "The Effect of Two Wire Submerge Welding Parameters on the Properties of Welded Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 750 (April 2015): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.750.172.

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In this paper, the influence of double wire submerged arc welding parameters on the mechanical properties of high strength low alloy has been investigated. The 20mm steel plate has been welded by double wire submerged arc welding process using different welding parameters. The Charpy absorbed energy of specimens is assessed using impact test at the temperature of -50°C. Testing results show that high heat input parameters will lead to low strength of welded joint. Impact toughness of fusion line is lower than that of other areas of welded joint.

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Ghosh, Aniruddha. "Modeling of Thermel Transport for GMAW." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/263429.

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Investigation of temperature distribution of submerged arc welded plates is essential while designing submerged arc welding joint because the key parameter for the change of weld bead geometry dimension, thermal stress, residual stress, tensile stress, hardness, and so forth is heat input, and heat input is the function of temperature distribution of GMAW process. An attempt is made in this paper to find out the exact solution of the thermal field induced in a semi-infinite body by a moving heat source with Gaussian distribution by selecting appropriate inside volume for submerged arc welding process. It has been revealed that for GMAW, best suitable heat source shape is a combination of semispherical and semioval.

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Hassan, Abdul Kareem, Raad Jasim, and Yousif Ashoor. "Estimation of Submerged Arc Plates Weldment Properties Using ANFIS and Regression Techniques." Basrah journal for engineering science 20, no. 2 (2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33971/bjes.20.2.4.

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The present work aims to build mathematical models based on experimental data to estimate the mechanical properties of submerged arc weldment. AISI 1020 low carbon steel plates 16mm thickness were welded according to orthogonal array in order to establish the relationship between input parameters (welding current, Arc voltage and welding speed) and output parameters (ultimate tensile stress, yield stress, impact energy and hardness) by submerged arc welding (SAW) process. The relationship between input and output parameters for the welding process are conducted using two suitable mathematical models the first one based on regression analysis, while the second one based on multi input single output ANFIS model for estimation of some mechanical properties of the welded plates. It was found that ANFIS results are closer to the experimental results than regression results. The optimal parameters (which give a maximum value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield stress and impact energy; 446 MPa, 318 MPa and 213 J) are welding current is (380 Amp), Arc voltage is (25 V) and welding speed is (40 cm/min), while the maximum value of hardness number is (228 HV), when current welding is (380 Amp), Arc voltage is (25 V) and welding speed is (25 cm/min).

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Wieczorska, A., and W. Labuda. "Analysis of the process of qualifying the welding technology of S355JR structural steel using the submerged arc welding method." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7287.

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This paper presents the issue of welding technology qualification using the example of structural steel S355JR with a plate thickness of 25 mm and 100 mm, bevelling V. The main objective of this work was to attempt to perform a full qualification of the submerged arc welding process in accordance with the requirements of PN EN ISO 15614. Particular attention was paid to the issue of the qualification of welding technology. The samples were subjected to non-destructive testing, i.e. visual and penetrant testing, as well as ultrasonic testing and heat treatment. This was followed by destructive testing, including macroscopic testing and hardness testing. According to the proposed procedure for the recognition of submerged arc welding technology, once the necessary tests had been carried out and the protocols with positive results had been obtained. The documentation had been completed, the analysis needed to obtain certificates of conformity for factory production control and welding quality was carried out.Submerged arc welding is often used for highly responsible butt joints, particularly when joining thick components. This has been achieved through the proper design of the preparation of the parts to be welded and the development of a welding technology that practically eliminates the pre-phase that occurs in traditional technology, thereby eliminating the risk of it affecting the quality of the welded joint.During the implementation of submerged arc welding, a number of technological problems were encountered. The first test joints contained many defects, i.e. sticking and slag inclusions inside the welds. In addition, obtaining welds with the correct profile and removing the slag from the weld groove was difficult. These obstacles were eliminated experimentally by carrying out successive tests using different parameters and welding groove geometries.The correct implementation of any welding process depends on its input parameters. These parameters include welding current, welding speed, welding current, wire diameter, welding voltage and many others. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is widely used in the industry for manufacturing as it is more reliable, provides deep penetration in the work, ensures a smooth finish on objects, and results in high productivity.The technology was developed for a company that manufactures control discs for steam turbines.

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Kheradmandan, Hasan, and Farzan Barati. "Modeling width of Weld in SAW with Adding Nano Material." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 02 (September 13, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol5iss02pp1-7.

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One of the important methods of welding is submerged arc welding. Special features of this method give it an important position among other ways. Prediction the mechanical features of materials in welding zone is known as an important subjects in mechanical science. As the quality of welding has a direct relation with mechanical properties of materials, studying and predicting the factor of quality is very important. Certainly bead width is one of the effective factors because it shows chemical effects and metallurgical structures and micro structures. The most important property of this research is representing an empirical formula with high accuracy for modeling the bead width as an factor of quality of welding in submerged arc welding in which the input factors of arc voltage, current, nozzle to plate distant, welding speed, and the thickness of ZnO Nano particles. On this research central composite rotatable matrix method is used in five level-five factor. For achieving this empirical formula with high accuracy RSM is used.

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Guo, Lin, Tian Hui Zhang, Ren Ping Xu, and Hui He. "Properties Effect of 16MnR Steel Weld Joint by Different Welding Methods." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2639.

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Welding experiments were made with δ=14mm, 16MnR steel by three welding methods, manual electric arc welding, automatic submerged arc welding and semi-auto solid-core CO2 shielded arc welding, and weld joint test with samples from every welding specimen. The properties of welding joint were analyzed by three welding methods and in every position of welding, concluded that brittlement problems in heat affected zone arise from the CO2 shielded arc welding, it is because of the heat damage of alloy elements of weld joint metal while using CO2 shielded arc welding, but the strength of the weld joint is high because of its high fusion ratio. So for improving the mechanical properties of weld joints.it had better accelerate the cooling rate of weld bead and decrease the heat input of welding.

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Birsan, Dan Catalin, Elena Scutelnicu, and Daniel Visan. "Modeling of Heat Transfer in Pipeline Steel Joint Performed by Submerged Double-Arc Welding Procedure." Advanced Materials Research 814 (September 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.814.33.

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Submerged arc welding is the most applicable and productive procedure when thick sections have to be welded. Nevertheless, the manufacturers of pressure vessels, pipelines, ships and offshore structures keep on looking for new and modern design solutions of equipments and technologies which should lead to increase of welding process productivity. For instance, the longitudinal welds of pipelines are, mostly, performed by submerged arc welding procedure with multiple arcs and/or multi-wires, such as twin, tandem or twin-tandem, in order to increase the process productivity. However, achievement of optimal mechanical properties of the welded joint should remain the most important quality criteria. It is well known that dependence of the mechanical and metallurgical changes on heat transfer plays a major role in obtaining of safe welded structures and preserving of their structural integrity. That is why the investigation of heat transfer induced by the welding process is required. Furthermore, setting of distance between thermal sources and its influence on the overlapping phenomenon of temperature fields should be explored when submerged double-arc welding procedure is applied. Three dimensional finite element model of butt welded joint - used for simulation of heat transfer in pipeline steel joint performed by submerged double-arc welding process - is developed and described in this paper. Numerical results and a comparative analysis related to the temperature distribution, thermal history, and temperature variation in cross section of the welded joint at different time steps are discussed. Finally, important conclusions regarding the influence of distance between thermal sources on thermal effects and temperature fields overlapping are drawn.

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Öztürk, A. A., B. Gülenç, A. Durgutlu, and N. Kahraman. "Wear Behaviour of Crankshaft Journals Filled by Submerged Arc Welding." METALLOFIZIKA I NOVEISHIE TEKHNOLOGII 36, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.36.03.0317.

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Zhang, Jin, Jun Fan, and Dan Zhang. "Improving the Accuracy of Silicon Transfer Prediction in Submerged Arc Welding: A Multi-Reaction-Zone Analysis." Processes 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2023): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082285.

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This study aims to predict and evaluate the transfer behavior of silicon employing SiO2-bearing fluxes during submerged arc welding. Unlike previous studies that only focused on chemical reactions in the weld pool zone, this research investigates the elemental behavior of silicon subjected to essential reaction zones in a submerged arc welding process. The proposed method is compared with the traditional thermodynamic equilibrium models, enhancing the understanding of silicon transfer behavior in the submerged arc welding process. It is demonstrated that relying solely on thermodynamics within the weld pool zone is inadequate for accurately predicting the extent of silicon transfer level since the loss of silicon during the droplet zone and the improvement in oxygen content in the molten droplet are not considered, resulting in an overestimation of the ΔSi level. Finally, the limitations of the traditional elemental transfer quantification method and corresponding corrective suggestions are proposed.

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Kiran, Degala Ventaka, and Suck-Joo Na. "Experimental Studies on Submerged Arc Welding Process." Journal of Welding and Joining 32, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2014.32.3.1.

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Kiran, Degala Ventaka, and Suck-Joo Na. "Numerical Studies on Submerged Arc Welding Process." Journal of Welding and Joining 32, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2014.32.4.1.

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Kozak, Tomasz. "Submerged arc welding with an increased efficiency." Welding International 29, no. 8 (December 17, 2014): 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2014.937595.

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Wegrzyn, J. "Oxygen in the submerged-arc welding process." Welding International 1, no. 8 (January 1987): 731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118709451084.

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Sidoruk, V. S., D. A. Dudko, and A. V. Kirichenko. "Submerged-arc welding with a suspended electrode." Welding International 3, no. 3 (January 1989): 245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507118909451153.

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Fang, Chenfu, Yong Chen, Zhidong Yang, Jiayou Wang, Mingfang Wu, and Kai Qi. "Cable-type welding wire submerged arc surfacing." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 249 (November 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.05.020.

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Dong, Shengfa, Yanfei Han, Chuanbao Jia, Chuansong Wu, Maofu Zhang, Qingyuan Yang, and Jie Yang. "Organic adhesive assisted underwater submerged-arc welding." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 284 (October 2020): 116739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116739.

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Skrzypczyk, A. "Submerged‐arc welding in a programmed run." Welding International 8, no. 3 (January 1994): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119409548568.

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Zhdanov, Leonid, Vladyslav Kovalenko, Nataliya Strelenko, and Yevgenia Chvertko. "Peculiarities of thermal dissociation of oxides during submerged arc welding." Soldagem & Inspeção 18, no. 4 (December 2013): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242013000400003.

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A method of settlement of the process of thermal dissociation of oxides in reaction zone during the submerged arc welding and welding deposition is presented. Combined non-linear equations for definition of gas-vapour mixture composition were developed. They describe the dissociation of MeO, MeO2 and Me2O3 types of oxides. Calculations of the processes of oxide dissociation were performed for the oxides that are commonly included into welding fluxes. Their results and analysis are presented. The method proposed appeared to be adequate and applicable for analysis of processes during submerged arc operation that run in the gas phase.

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Zhang, Jin, Ping Liu, and Dan Zhang. "Advancing Manganese Content Prediction in Submerged Arc Welded Metal: Development of a Multi-Zone Model via the Calphad Technique." Processes 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041265.

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Manganese is a vital element in determining the mechanical properties of submerged arc welded metal. To ensure a reliable weld, the equilibrium model has been used for decades to predict and control the manganese content, particularly when MnO-bearing fluxes are applied. However, the equilibrium model only considers chemical interactions within the weld pool zone, leading to significant inaccuracies. To address this limitation, we propose a multi-zone model that accounts for all of the essential reaction zones in the submerged arc process via the Calphad technique. The model’s accuracy is verified by predicting the manganese content, the flux oxygen potential, and the neutral point location for the typical MnO-bearing fluxes covering acidic, neutral, and basic fluxes. The results indicate that the multi-zone model offers superior accuracy compared to the equilibrium model, which neglects significant oxygen improvement and alloy evaporation in the droplet zone. Further analysis of thermodynamic data reveals that the multi-zone model provides a more representative depiction of the variation trends in oxygen and manganese contents during the submerged arc welding process compared to the equilibrium model. Furthermore, this model can be utilized in the optimization of the submerged arc welding process, leading to improved quality and efficiency in heavy engineering industries. This study may provide an improved method for predicting the manganese content in welded C-Mn steel and deepen the understanding of manganese transfer mechanisms during the submerged arc welding process.

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Suryana, Agus Pramono, Iskandar Muda, and Ade Setiawan. "The Influence of Heat Input to Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of API 5L-X65 Steel Using Submerged Arc Welding Process." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926901009.

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API 5L-X65 steel is the type of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel, widely used in the manufacture of pipe. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is widely used for the fabrication of the pipe, the extent of use submerged arc welding caused it could be done automatically and high reliability. The results of the welding process will lead to differences and changes in the microstructure in heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal that will affect the mechanical properties of the output, so as to obtain good welding results required the selection of welding parameters accordingly. As the use of the heat input during welding is very important influence on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the weld. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of heat input on the microstructure, hardness and toughness of welds in submerged arc welding. Welding currents used were 200, 300, 400 and 500 Ampere with a voltage were used 25, 27 and 30 Volt. The results showed that the higher heat input will result in a growing area of HAZ region width and grain size increased. Highest hardness values are the results of the weld heat input with a low of 244.69 HVN caused by the rapid cooling rate of the weld area. The highest toughness values are the results of the highest heat input that was dominated by acicular ferrite phase.

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