Journal articles: 'Submerged cultivation'

1

Šašek, Václav. "Submerged cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 28, no. 1-4 (February 1990): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90077-q.

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Jovanovic, Mirjana, Damjan Vucurovic, Bojana Bajic, Sinisa Dodic, Vanja Vlajkov, and Rada Jevtic-Mucibabic. "Optimization of the simultaneous production of cellulase and xylanase by submerged and solid-state fermentation of wheat chaff." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 2 (2020): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190530080j.

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Wheat chaff as an agricultural waste represents a cheap raw material for biotechnological processes. With its lignocellulosic composition, it is suitable for producing hydrolytic enzymes for second generation renewable fuel production technologies. The aim of this work was to optimize the process parameters (cultivation temperature 25?35?C, pH value 4?6 and cultivation time 3?7 days) of the cultivating fungi (Trichoderma reesei QM 9414) on a media based on wheat chaff by submerged and solid-state techniques, in order to enhance and compare the two types of simultaneous cellulase and xylanase production. Optimal conditions for the submerged fermentation were 29.65?C for temperature, pH 4.27 and 7 days of cultivation, while for the solid-state fermentation, the optimal conditions were 28.01?C, pH 6.00 and 7 days. The cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities of the obtained cultivation broth filtrates were 0.0535 and 0.1676 U mL-1 for the submerged fermentation, and 0.0407 and 0.1401 U mL-1 for the solid-state fermentation, respectively, and with a 26.77 and 13.39 % enhancement of enzyme activity for submerged fermentation, and a 22.96 and 42.66 % enhancement for solid-state fermentation, respectively, compared to the results obtained before optimization.

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L., H. Campestrini, and C. Salles-Campos. "Aspects of mushroom cultivation to obtain polysaccharides in submerged cultivation." African Journal of Biotechnology 20, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2020.17265.

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Kwon, Soun-Gyu, Ju-Wan Son, Hye-Jung Kim, Chang-Su Park, Jung-Kul Lee, Geun Eog Ji, and Deok-Kun Oh. "High Concentration Cultivation ofBifidobacteriumbifidumin a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor." Biotechnology Progress 22, no. 6 (2006): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bp060236s.

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Krzyczkowski, Wojciech, Eliza Malinowska, and Franciszek Herold. "Erinacine A biosynthesis in submerged cultivation of Hericium erinaceum: Quantification and improved cultivation." Engineering in Life Sciences 10, no. 5 (October 2010): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201000084.

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Bocarov-Stancic, Aleksandra, Aleksandra Miljkovic, Radmila Resanovic, Ksenija Nesic, Vesna Jacevic, and Danijela Mihaljcic. "Ochratoxin A 'in vitro' biosynthesis by the Aspergillus ochraceus E'G isolate." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 117 (2009): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0917069b.

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This paper deals with the biosynthetic capacity for ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus ochraceus E'G isolate derived from A. ochraceus CBS 108.08 strain, during 2007. Preliminary analysis of fungal potential for the production of OTA were performed according to the modified method of Filtenborg et al. (1983). Toxin production was tested in the following liquid media: (i) glucose-peptone-yeast extract broth (GPY - pH 5.6), (ii) potato-dextrose broth (PDB - pH 6.9), (iii) yeast extract-sucrose broth (YES - pH 6.5), and (iv) YES broth supplemented with 0.23 mg/l ZnSO4 x 5 H2O (YESZn - pH 6.5) after stationary and submerged cultivation. Dynamics of OTA biosynthesis was tested after the cultivation of A. ochraceus E'G on natural solid substrates, such as wet sterilized rice, corn and wheat grain. Cultivations were performed during different time periods (ranging from four days to few weeks) at different temperatures (ranging from 21?C to 30?C). The presence of OTA was determined as follows: (i) in liquid media according to the method of Balzer et al. (1978) modified by Bocarov-Stancic et al. (2003), and (ii) in the solid substrates according to the Serbian official methods for sampling and analyzing of fodder (Official Gazette of SFRY, No. 15/87). After the cultivation of A. ochraceus E'G isolate in liquid media, the highest yield of OTA (6.4 mg/l) was obtained after submerged cultivation in PDB (4 days, 128 rpm, 21-23?C). In the case of cultivation on solid substrates, the highest amount of OTA (800.0 mg/kg of dry matter) was recorded after several week long cultivation on wheat grain at 30?1?C.

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Cilerdzic, Jasmina, Jelena Vukojevic, and Mirjana Stajic. "Dynamics of ligninolytic enzyme production in Ganoderma applanatum depending on cultivation type." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 120 (2011): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1120327c.

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Ganoderma applanatum belongs to the group of white-rot fungi, due to a well-developed ligninolytic enzyme system. White-rot fungi have attracted great scientific attention in recent years, especially with respect to their enzymatic potential for the bioremediation of persistent pollutants. Contrary to G. lucidum, which medicinal properties, as well as ligninolytic enzyme system have been extensively studied, enzymatic system of G. applanatum has not been studied yet. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of laccase, Mn-dependent peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase activity during submerged and solid state cultivation on two selected plant raw materials. Enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically after 7, 10 and 14 days of cultivation. The peak of laccase activity (220.14 Ul-1) was noted after 14 days of submerged wheat straw fermentation. Maximum level of Mn-dependent peroxidase (110.91 Ul-1) and versatile peroxidase (116.20 Ul-1) activity was obtained in the medium with oak sawdust after 14 days of submerged cultivation.

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De Fretes, Susan Yubelin, Ihsan H. Cotte, and Hasrun Abdullah. "BUDIDAYA RAJUNGAN DALAM KERAMBA JARING DITENGGELAMKAN SECARA TERPADU DI PERAIRAN KECAMATAN SIGERI KABUPATEN PANGKEP." JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN TROPICAL FISHERIES (JOINT-FISH) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi Dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap, Ilmu Kelautan 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2019): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v2i2.56.

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This study aims to (1) examine the physical and chemical aspects of marine oceanography, (2) determine the suitability of location and swimming crab culture techniques in submerged net cages, (3) find out the management strategies of crab culture management in submerged net cages. The results showed that the suitability of waters for crab cultivation activities in the karamba nets was submerged by using indicators of temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH and brightness obtained two suitability criteria, namely sesai and not. The results of the suitability analysis of crab cultivation land using a Geographic Information System (GIS) obtained two criteria for suitability of cultivated land with an area of each appropriate category that is 46,785.32 ha and not according to 1,152.4 ha. The results of management strategies that can be applied to realize integrated management of small crab culture include: 1) Development and socialization of small crab culture; 2) Management of integrated small crab cultivation; 3) Law enforcement related to the destruction of coastal ecosystems 4) Prohibition of capturing crabs laying eggs; 5) Construction of small crab hatcheries for small crab cultivation needs; 6) Development and provision of venture capital.

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SMIRNOU, DZIANIS, MARTIN KRCMAR, and EVA PROCHAZKOVA. "Chitin-Glucan Complex Production by Schizophyllum Commune Submerged Cultivation." Polish Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 3 (2011): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2011-031.

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Chitin-glucan complex is a fungal origin copolymer that finds application in medicine and cosmetics. Traditionally, the mycelium of Micromycetes is considered as an industrial chitin-glucan complex source. Basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune submerged cultivation for chitin-glucan complex production was studied. In different S. commune strains chitin-glucan complex composed 15.2 +/- 0.4 to 30.2 +/- 0.2% of mycelium dry weight. Optimized conditions for chitin-glucan complex production (nutrient medium composition in g/l: sucrose - 35, yeast extract - 4, Na2HPO4*12H2O - 2.5, MgSO4*7 H2O - 0.5; medium initial pH 6.5; aeration intensity 21 of air per 11 of medium; 144 hours of cultivation) resulted in 3.5 +/- 0.3 g/l complex yield. Redirection of fungal metabolism from exopolysaccharide synthesis to chitin-glucan complex accumulation was achieved most efficiently by aeration intensity increase. Chitin-glucan complex from S. commune had the structure of microfibers with diameter 1-2 microm, had water-swelling capacity of 18 g/g, and was composed of 16.63% chitin and 83.37% glucan with a degree of chitin deacetylation of 26.9%. S. commune submerged cultivation is a potent alternative to Micromycetes for industrial-scale chitin-glucan complex production.

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10

Elisashvili, Vladimir. "Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioprocesses and Products (Review)." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 14, no. 3 (2012): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i3.10.

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11

Volokh, O. A., M. V. Antonycheva, N. G. Avdeeva, E. M. Kuznetsova, K. I. Kholmatov, D. N. Bibikov, and A. K. Nikiforov. "LIQUID NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR SUBMERGED CULTIVATION OF TULAREMIA MICROBE." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2017-2-81-83.

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12

Al-Taweil, Hayyan Ismaeil, Mohammad Bin Osman, Aidil Abdul Hami, and Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff. "Optimizing of Trichoderma viride Cultivation in Submerged State Fermentation." American Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1284.1288.

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13

Pandey, Ashok, Simon Joseph, L. Ashakumary, P. Selvakumar, and Carlos R. Soccol. "Inulinase Synthesis from a Mesophilic Culture in Submerged Cultivation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 82, no. 2 (1999): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/abab:82:2:103.

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14

Tišma, Marina, Martina Sudar, Đurđa Vasić-Rački, and Bruno Zelić. "Mathematical model for Trametes versicolor growth in submerged cultivation." Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 33, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00449-009-0398-6.

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15

Suntornsuk, W., and L. Suntornsuk. "Feather degradation by Bacillus sp. FK 46 in submerged cultivation." Bioresource Technology 86, no. 3 (February 2003): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00177-3.

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16

Berovič, M. "Submerged Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum Biomass in Stirred Tank Reactor." Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly 32, no. 4 (January 16, 2019): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15255/cabeq.2018.1371.

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17

Tavares, APM, MAZ Coelho, JAP Coutinho, and AMRB Xavier. "Laccase improvement in submerged cultivation: induced production and kinetic modelling." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 80, no. 6 (2005): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1246.

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18

Brazkova, Mariya. "BIODEGRADATION OF BISPHENOL A DURING SUBMERGED CULTIVATION OF TRAMETES VERSICOLOR." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 9, no. 2 (September 2019): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2019.9.2.204-207.

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19

Patel, K. M., J. D. Desai, and A. J. Desai. "Amino Acid Production by Submerged Cultivation ofPseudomonas fluorescens on Gasoline." Folia Microbiologica 30, no. 5 (October 1985): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02928751.

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20

Murray, Alexandra Marie, Ioannis A. Fotidis, Alex Isenschmid, Karl Rasmus August Haxthausen, and Irini Angelidaki. "Wirelessly powered submerged-light illuminated photobioreactors for efficient microalgae cultivation." Algal Research 25 (July 2017): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.015.

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21

Ramamurthy, V., and R. M. Kothari. "Comparison of fungal protease production by submerged and surface cultivation." Journal of Biotechnology 27, no. 3 (February 1993): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(93)90097-7.

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22

Chen, Genqiang, Guochao Wu, Björn Alriksson, Lin Chen, Wei Wang, Leif J. Jönsson, and Feng F. Hong. "Scale-up of production of bacterial nanocellulose using submerged cultivation." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 93, no. 12 (June 13, 2018): 3418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5699.

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23

Boromenskyi, D., N. Bisko, G. Al-Maali, and O. Polishchuk. "The contents of ganoderic acids in mycellium of different Ganoderma species (Ganodermataceae) obtained by different methods of cultivation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series: Biology 84, no. 1 (2021): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728_2748.2021.84.14-18.

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The effect of different cultivation methods on the content of ganoderic acids of 7 species, 10 strains of the Ganoderma genus (Ganoderma applanatum 1899; Ganoderma сarnosum 2502; Ganoderma lucidum 1904; Ganoderma resinaceum 2477, 2503; Ganoderma sinense 2516; Ganoderma tsugae 1848, 2024, 2566, Ganoderma oregonense 2560) genus fungi from the IBK Mushroom Culture Collection M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was investigated. It has been shown that the submerged cultivation method is more efficient for the accumulation of ganoderic acids for five strains. In the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 was the highest content of ganoderic acids – 25.2 ± 1.5 mg / g. The productivity (yeld) of ganoderic acids synthesis is much higher with using the submerged culture cultivation method for mycelium of all used species and strains since the use of this method provides the accumulation of much more biomass in comparison with the static liquid cultivation method. The highest yield amount of ganoderic acids was in the mycelium of the G. tsugae 2024 and G. tsugae 2566 species, namely: 0.35 ± 0.019 and 0.36 ± 0.028 g / l. It was proved that the modified extraction method significantly reduces the extraction time of ganoderic acids. Extraction time is reduced from 14 to 2 days. For the G. sinense 2516 and G. tsugae 2024 strains was determined content of the ganoderic acids and their yield in dynamics of grows in the submerged culture on 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 day of cultivation. The highest amount of the ganoderic acids content was accumulated by the mycelium of the strain G. sinense 2516 – it was 26.4 ± 1.5 mg / g on the 14th day of cultivation. The highest yield of the ganoderic acids was in G. sinense 2516 on 14th day, and G. tsugae 2024 mycelium on the 16th day of cultivation with the next numbers 0.6 ± 0.031, 0.62 ± 0.033 and 0.62 ± 0.027 g/l.

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Lee, Joonyeob, Kyungjin Cho, Seung Gu Shin, Hyokwan Bae, Taewoan Koo, Gyuseong Han, and Seokhwan Hwang. "Nutrient Recovery of Starch Processing Waste to Cordyceps militaris: Solid State Cultivation and Submerged Liquid Cultivation." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 180, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2098-4.

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Müller, Christian, Mhairi McIntyre, Kim Hansen, and Jens Nielsen. "Metabolic Engineering of the Morphology of Aspergillus oryzae by Altering Chitin Synthesis." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1827-1836.2002.

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ABSTRACT Morphology and α-amylase production during submerged cultivation were examined in a wild-type strain (A1560) and in strains of Aspergillus oryzae in which chitin synthase B (chsB) and chitin synthesis myosin A (csmA) have been disrupted (ChsB/G and CM101). In a flowthrough cell, the growth of submerged hyphal elements was studied online, making it possible to examine the growth kinetics of the three strains. The average tip extension rates of the CM101 and ChsB/G strains were 25 and 88% lower, respectively, than that of the wild type. The branching intensity in the CM101 strain was 25% lower than that in the wild type, whereas that in the ChsB/G strain was 188% higher. During batch cultivation, inseparable clumps were formed in the wild-type strain, while no or fewer large inseparable clumps existed in the cultivations of the ChsB/G and CM101 strains. The α-amylase productivity was not significantly different in the three strains. A strain in which the transcription of chsB could be controlled by the nitrogen source-regulated promoter niiA (NiiA1) was examined during chemostat cultivation, and it was found that the branching intensity could be regulated by regulating the promoter, signifying an important role for chsB in branching. However, the pattern of branching responded very slowly to the change in transcription, and increased branching did not affect α-amylase productivity. α-Amylase residing in the cell wall was stained by immunofluorescence, and the relationship between tip number and enzyme secretion is discussed.

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Gavrilov, K. E., E. V. Serebryakova, T. Yu Dunyasheva, N. N. Zaytseva, Yu D. Eremenko, V. S. Lobastov, A. A. Byvalov, S. L. Kuznetsov, and I. V. Borisevich. "Biological and Physical-Chemical Properties of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Cultures in the Process of Submerged Cultivation at Various Temperatures." Problems of Particularly Dangerous Infections, no. 2(104) (April 20, 2010): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2010-2(104)-49-52.

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Biological and physical-chemical properties of the pseudotuberculosis agent cultures were shown to be diverse in the process of submerged cultivation at various temperatures. The microbe cultivation at the increased temperature (37°C) was characterized by fast development and death of the population. Decelerated lag phase and extended exponential phase were observed under the conditions of cultivation at low temperature. The culture grown at 27 °C was found to get an intermediate position between those grown at 10 and 37 °C.

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27

Sar, Taner, Jorge A. Ferreira, and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. "Conversion of fish processing wastewater into fish feed ingredients through submerged cultivation of Aspergillus oryzae." Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43393-020-00009-5.

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Abstract Fish processing towards production of fillet gives rise to wastewater streams that are ultimately directed to biogas production and/or wastewater treatment. However, these wastewater streams are rich in minerals, fat, and proteins that can be converted to protein-rich feed ingredients through submerged cultivation of edible filamentous fungi. In this study, the origin of wastewater stream, initial pH, cultivation time, and extent of washing during sieving, were found to influence the amount of recovered material from the wastewater streams and its protein content, following cultivation with Aspergillus oryzae. Through cultivation of the filamentous fungus in sludge, 330 kg of material per ton of COD were recovered by sieving, corresponding to 121 kg protein per ton of COD, while through its cultivation in salt brine, 210 kg of material were recovered per ton of COD, corresponding to 128 kg protein per ton of COD. Removal ranges of 12–43%, 39–92%, and 32–66% for COD, total solids, and nitrogen, respectively, were obtained after A. oryzae growth and harvesting in the wastewater streams. Therefore, the present study shows the versatility that the integration of fungal cultivation provides to fish processing industries, and should be complemented by economic, environmental, and feeding studies, in order to reveal the most promising valorization strategy. Graphic abstract

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28

Harvey, Linda, Brian McNeil, Bjorn Kristiansen, John E. Smith, and Kok Kheng Tan. "Production of Lentinan by Submerged Cultivation of Lentlnus edodes (Berk.) Sing." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 3, no. 2-3 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushr.v3.i2-3.780.

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Medouni-Haroune, Lamia, Farid Zaidi, Sonia Medouni-Adrar, Ourdia Nouara Kernou, Samia Azzouz, and Mouloud Kecha. "Bioconversion of Olive Pomace by Submerged Cultivation of Streptomyces sp. S1M3I." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88, no. 4 (May 29, 2017): 1425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-017-0880-x.

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30

Kwon, S. G., J. W. Son, H. J. Kim, C. S. Park, J. K. Lee, G. E. Ji, and D. K. Oh. "High Concentration Cultivation of Bifidobacterium bifidum in a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor." Biotechnology Progress 22, no. 6 (December 1, 2006): 1591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bp060236s.

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31

Sundaran, Bheeman, Y. Udaya Bhaskara Rao, and Ratnam Boopathy. "Process optimization for enhanced production of diphtheria toxin by submerged cultivation." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 91, no. 2 (January 2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1389-1723(01)80053-0.

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32

Hegab, Hanaa M., Ahmed ElMekawy, and Tim Stakenborg. "Review of microfluidic microbioreactor technology for high-throughput submerged microbiological cultivation." Biomicrofluidics 7, no. 2 (March 2013): 021502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4799966.

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Shi, Jian, Ratna R. Sharma-Shivappa, and Mari S. Chinn. "Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by submerged cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium." Bioresource Technology 100, no. 19 (October 2009): 4388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.060.

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34

Bailey, Michael J., and Matti Linko. "Production of β-galactosidase by Aspergillus oryzae in submerged bioreactor cultivation." Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 1-2 (October 1990): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1656(90)90065-j.

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35

Chang, Jyh-Shyong, Jinn-Tsair Lee, and Audrey-Chingzu Chang. "Neural-network rate-function modeling of submerged cultivation of Monascus anka." Biochemical Engineering Journal 32, no. 2 (November 2006): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2006.09.011.

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Angelova, Galena, Elizabet Govedarova, Mariya Brazkova, Georgi Kostov, and Albert Krastanov. "Optimization of exopolysaccharide synthesys by medicinal fungus Trametes versicolor in submerged culture." Agricultural Sciences 13, no. 30 (September 20, 2021): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2021.30.012.

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The species Trametes versicolor refers to medicinal mushroom well known in traditional Asian medicine for over 2000 years. Due to the long time required for basidiocarp formation, attention has recently been given to the submerged cultivation method for the production of mycelial biomass and various bioactive components. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor are essential components possessing numerous functionalities and exhibiting potential medicinal applications. The subject of this investigation is higher fungus Trametes versicolor isolated from Bulgaria. Four well-defined culture media were studied to select the medium that maximizes production of EPS in submerged cultivation. The M3 was shown to provide the highest yields of EPS and was further investigated to optimize EPS production conditions. The initial glucose concentration was found to be the most important factor in both EPS production and cell growth. The maximum biopolymer quantity of 1.067 g/L was obtained at 40 g/L glucose. For examination and evaluation of the correlation between the carbon source and the complex influence of the nitrogen sources over the mycelial growth and the EPS synthesis and the optimization of the media orthogonal central composition design 23 with star arm ±α=1.454671 was applied. The experimental design was based on 21 combinations. Dynamic cultivation was carried out after the optimization of the media for determination of the effect of the duration of the cultivation process over the Trametes versicolor growth and EPS gain. Maximum EPS yield was observed after 216 hours.

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Todero Ritter, Carla Eliana, Marli Camassola, Denise Zampieri, Mauricio Moura Silveira, and Aldo José Pinheiro Dillon. "Cellulase and Xylanase Production by Penicillium echinulatum in Submerged Media Containing Cellulose Amended with Sorbitol." Enzyme Research 2013 (August 22, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/240219.

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The present work investigated the use of sorbitol as a soluble carbon source, in association with cellulose, to produce cellulases and xylanases in submerged cultures of Penicillium echinulatum 9A02S1. Because cellulose is an insoluble carbon source, in cellulase production, there are some problems with rheology and oxygen transfer. The submerged fermentations containing media composed of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol and cellulose that were added at different times during the cultivation; 0.2% (w/v) soy bran; 0.1% (w/v) wheat bran; and a solution of salts. The highest filter paper activity (FPA) ( IU·mL−1) was obtained on the seventh day in the medium containing 0.5% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.5% (w/v) cellulose added 24 h after the start of cultivation. However, the CMCases showed an activity peak on the sixth day ( IU·mL−1) in the medium containing 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.75% (w/v) cellulose added after 12 h of cultivation. The xylanases showed the highest activity in the medium with 0.75% (w/v) sorbitol and 0.25% (w/v) cellulose added 36 h after the start of cultivation. This strategy enables the reduction of the cellulose concentration, which in high concentrations can cause rheological and oxygen transfer problems.

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OKUMURA, RYOSUKE, CHIZURU SASAKI, CHIKAKO ASADA, and YOSHITOSHI NAKAMURA. "EXAMINATION OF INCUBATION CONDITIONS FOR PRODUCTION OF HERICIUM ERINACEUM." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512004060.

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Basidiomycetes has recently attracted considerable attention for its various physiological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidant and immunostimulating activities. Compounds isolated from fruit body of Hericium erinaceum, commonly called Yamabushitake in Japan, have interesting biological activities such as cytotoxic effectors on cancer cell ( HeLa cells) and stimulators of synthesis of nerve growth factor. It is necessary for the cultivation of the fruit body of mushroom to control light, temperature, humidity. Otherwise, mycelia cultivation needs only temperature control. H. erinaceum cultivated by submerged culture have similar physiological activities to the fruit body of H. erinaceum, which suggests cultured mycelia can potentially become a promoter of synthesis of nerve growth factor. In this study, we used whey which is by-products of cheese-making process as an alternative nitrogen source in submerged cultivation of H. erinaceum mycelia, and then dry cell weight (DCW) and DCW productivity of whey medium were compared with those of chemical nutrient medium. When whey was used as a nitrogen source, DCW and DCW productivity are 1.5 times higher than those of chemical nutrient medium, 5.99 g/L and 0.60 g/L/day, respectively. It was suggested that whey could be used as an alternative nitrogen source and a growth promoting factor in H. erinaceum mycelia cultivation.

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Alsaheb, Ramzy Abd, Koh Zwin Zjeh, Roslinda Abd Malek, Jaafar Kamil Abdullah, Ashraf El Baz, Nehal El Deeb, Daniel Dailin, Siti Zulaiha Hanapi, Dalia Sukmawati, and Hesham El Enshasy. "Bioprocess Optimization for Exopolysaccharides Production by Ganoderma lucidum in Semi-industrial Scale." Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 11, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212798411666200316153148.

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Background: For many years, Ganoderma was highly considered as biofactory for the production of different types of bioactive metabolites. Of these bioactive compounds, polysaccharides gained much attention based on their high biotherapeutic properties. Therefore, special attention has been paid during the last years for the production of mushrooms bioactive compounds in a closed cultivation system to shorten the cultivation time and increase the product yield. Objective: This work focuses on the development of a simple cultivation strategy for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production using Ganoderma lucidum and submerged cultivation system. Results and Discussion: Therefore, this work is focused on the development of simple cultivation system for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production using Ganoderman lucidum. At first, the best medium supporting EPS production was chosen experimentally from the current published data. Second, like many EPS production process, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were optimized to support the highest production of polysaccharides in shake flask level. Furthermore, the process was scaled up in 16-L stirred tank bioreactor. The results clearly demonstrated that the best cultivation strategy was cultivation under controlled pH condition (pH 5.5). Under this condition the maximal volumetric and specific yield of EPS production were, 5.0 g/L and 0.42 g/g, respectively. Methods: For many years, Ganoderma was highly considered as biofactory for the production of different types of bioactive metabolites. Of these bioactive compounds, polysaccharides gained much attention based on their high biotherapeutic properties. Therefore, special attention has been paid during the last years for the production of mushrooms bioactive compounds in a closed cultivation system to shorten the cultivation time and increase the product yield. Conclusion: The current results clearly demonstrates the high potential use of submerged cultivation system as alternative to conventional solid state fermentation for EPS production by G. lucidum. Furthermore, optimization of both carbon and nitrogen sources concentration and scaling up of the process showed significant increase in both volumetric and specific EPS production.

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Kudryavtseva, Olga A., Ksenia R. Safina, Olga A. Vakhrusheva, Maria D. Logacheva, Aleksey A. Penin, Tatiana V. Neretina, Viktoria N. Moskalenko, Elena S. Glagoleva, Georgii A. Bazykin, and Alexey S. Kondrashov. "Genetics of Adaptation of the Ascomycetous Fungus Podospora anserina to Submerged Cultivation." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 10 (September 14, 2019): 2807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz194.

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Abstract Podospora anserina is a model ascomycetous fungus which shows pronounced phenotypic senescence when grown on solid medium but possesses unlimited lifespan under submerged cultivation. In order to study the genetic aspects of adaptation of P. anserina to submerged cultivation, we initiated a long-term evolution experiment. In the course of the first 4 years of the experiment, 125 single-nucleotide substitutions and 23 short indels were fixed in eight independently evolving populations. Six proteins that affect fungal growth and development evolved in more than one population; in particular, in the G-protein alpha subunit FadA, new alleles fixed in seven out of eight experimental populations, and these fixations affected just four amino acid sites, which is an unprecedented level of parallelism in experimental evolution. Parallel evolution at the level of genes and pathways, an excess of nonsense and missense substitutions, and an elevated conservation of proteins and their sites where the changes occurred suggest that many of the observed fixations were adaptive and driven by positive selection.

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Luziatelli, Francesca, Francesca Melini, Paolo Bonini, Valentina Melini, Veronica Cirino, and Maurizio Ruzzi. "Production of Indole Auxins by Enterobacter sp. Strain P-36 under Submerged Conditions." Fermentation 7, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030138.

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Bioactive compounds produced by plant growth-promoting bacteria through a fermentation process can be valuable for developing innovative second-generation plant biostimulants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biotechnological potential of Enterobacter on the production of auxin—a hormone with multiple roles in plant growth and development. The experiments were carried in Erlenmeyer flasks and a 2-L fermenter under batch operating mode. The auxin production by Enterobacter sp. strain P-36 can be doubled by replacing casein with vegetable peptone in the culture medium. Cultivation of strain P36 in the benchtop fermenter indicates that by increasing the inoculum size 2-fold, it is possible to reduce the fermentation time from 72 (shake flask cultivation) to 24 h (bioreactor cultivation) and increase the auxin volumetric productivity from 6.4 to 17.2 mg [IAAequ]/L/h. Finally, an efficient storage procedure to preserve the bacterial auxin was developed. It is noteworthy that by sterilizing the clarified fermentation broth by filtration and storing the filtrated samples at +4 °C, the level of auxin remains unchanged for at least three months.

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Šimkovič, Martin, Peter Ditte, Anita Kurucová, Boris Lakatoš, and L’udovít Varečka. "Ca2+-dependent induction of conidiation in submerged cultures of Trichoderma viride." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, no. 4 (April 2008): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-001.

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The presence of Ca2+ (up to 0.1 mol/L) in the cultivation media was found to induce the formation of conidia in submerged mycelia of Trichoderma viride in a concentration-dependent manner. Ca2+ dramatically stimulated conidiation after 70 h of cultivation. The effect was present in the dark, and illumination stimulated it only marginally. Low (less than 100 μmol/L) Ca2+ concentrations induced the formation of chlamydospores. Sr2+ could substitute Ca2+ in conidiogenesis with lower efficiency (almost 2 orders of magnitude), while the efficiency of Mg2+, Mn2+, or Ba2+ was lower by almost 3 orders of magnitude. Our results demonstrate that mycelial Ca2+ homeostasis has powerful effects on the conidiation and mycelial morphogenesis in T. viride, and they suggest that there is an additional mechanism of conidiation in addition to those induced by light and starvation.

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Zahovic, Ida, Zorana Roncevic, Jovana Grahovac, Sinisa Dodic, Aleksandar Jokic, and Jelena Dodic. "The effect of cultivation technique on enzymes production from sugar beet pulp by Neurospora crassa." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 50 (2019): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1950338z.

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This study is concerned with the effect of different cultivation techniques on enzymes production from sugar beet pulp by strain Neurospora crassa isolated from the environment. Cultivation of selected producing microorganism was carried out under the same process conditions using five techniques. Bioprocess efficacy was estimated based on amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic activity of prepared enzymes mixtures. The obtained results indicate that the selection of cultivation technique had a statistically significant effect on the production of examined hydrolytic enzymes. It was confirmed that solid state cultivation with spontaneous aeration is the best cultivation technique for the production of amylolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes from sugar beet pulp by Neurospora crassa. Submerged cultivation of producing strain with spontaneous aeration resulted in the lowest production of all investigated enzymes under applied experimental conditions. The obtained results are the basis for further research aimed to increase the enzymes yield and activity of their mixture.

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Umeo, S. H., G. P. N. Souza, P. M. Rapachi, D. M. Garcia, L. D. Paccola-Meirelles, J. S. Valle, N. B. Colauto, and G. A. Linde. "Short Communication Screening of basidiomycetes in submerged cultivation based on antioxidant activity." Genetics and Molecular Research 14, no. 3 (2015): 9907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.august.19.25.

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do Valle, Juliana Silveira, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Thiago Teodoro Santana, Giani Andrea Linde, Nelson Barros Colauto, and Carlos Ricardo Soccol. "Optimization of Agaricus blazei laccase production by submerged cultivation with sugarcane molasses." African Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 9 (February 2014): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2013.6508.

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Ziganshin, D. D., A. A. Egorshina, M. A. Luk'yantsev, and A. S. Sirotkin. "Pilot submerged cultivation of Trichoderma asperellum RNCIM F-1323 micromycete." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 10, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2020-10-1-39-47.

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Berovič, Marin, Jožica Habijanič, Irena Zore, Branka Wraber, Damjan Hodžar, Bojana Boh, and Franc Pohleven. "Submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum biomass and immunostimulatory effects of fungal polysaccharides." Journal of Biotechnology 103, no. 1 (June 2003): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1656(03)00069-5.

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Ögel, Z. B., K. Yarangümeli, H. Dündar, and İ. Ifrij. "Submerged cultivation of scytalidium thermophilum on complex lignocellulosic biomass for endoglucanase production." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28, no. 7-8 (May 2001): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(01)00315-5.

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Biryukova, E. N., A. Yu Arinbasarova, and A. G. Medentsev. "Synthesis of L-lactate oxidaze in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica during submerged cultivation." Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 53, no. 2 (March 2017): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0003683817020065.

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Luo, Yunlong, Pierre Le-Clech, and Rita K. Henderson. "Simultaneous microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment in submerged membrane photobioreactors: A review." Algal Research 24 (June 2017): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.026.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Submerged cultivation'

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