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Journal articles on the topic 'Submerged jump'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Ghaderi, Amir, Mehdi Dasineh, Francesco Aristodemo, and Ali Ghahramanzadeh. "Characteristics of free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different macroroughnesses." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 6 (October 14, 2020): 1554–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.298.

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Abstract The present study deals with numerical simulations of the free and submerged hydraulic jumps over different shapes of roughness in various roughness arrangements and different Froude number conditions. The models were studied using three roughness shapes, i.e. triangular, square and semi-oval for 0.2 < T/I < 0.5, where T and I are height and distance of roughness, respectively. The results showed that the numerical model is fairly well able to simulate the free and submerged jump characteristics. The effect of roughness plays a role in the reduction of the relative maximum velocity which is greater in the submerged jump. The thickness of the boundary layer for both free and submerged jumps decreases with increasing the distance between the roughnesses. Triangular macroroughness has a significant effect on the length of the jump and shortest length with respect to the other shapes. The reduction in the submerged depth ratio and tailwater depth ratio depends mainly on the space of the roughnesses. The highest shear stress and energy loss in both jumps occur in a triangular macroroughness (TR) with T/I = 0.50 compared to other ratios and modes. The numerical results were compared with previous studies and relationships with good correlation coefficients were presented for the mentioned parameters.

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2

Zare, H. K., and R. E. Baddour. "Three-dimensional study of spatial submerged hydraulic jump." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l07-041.

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A three-dimensional (3D) study of spatial submerged hydraulic jumps (SSHJs) was carried out using a physical model for Froude numbers Fr1 = 2.00 and 3.75 and width ratios α = 0.20 and 0.33. Three orthogonal components of the velocity field were obtained with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The 3D velocity field has indicated that the jump consisted of a central jet-like flow, close to the channel bottom, surrounded by vertical and horizontal circulations (rollers). The circulation was predominantly in vertical planes in the channel central region of the flow and in horizontal planes close to the walls. Vertical and horizontal profiles of stream-wise velocity characterized the 3D roller with two length scales, Lrv and Lrh. The strength of the roller was stronger close to the walls than at the centreline of the jump. Sequent depth and energy head loss for submerged symmetric hydraulic jumps are discussed in terms of the submergence ratio S = y3/y2.Key words: hydraulic jump, spatial, submerged, roller length, sequent depth, energy dissipation.

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3

Abdel-Gawad, Sameh M., and John A. McCorquodale. "Analysis of the submerged radial hydraulic jump." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-067.

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Most of the research work on hydraulic jumps has dealt with their macroscopic behaviour. The important parameters in these studies were the sequent depth ratio and the jump length required for stilling basin design. Unfortunately, the internal flow in submerged radial hydraulic jumps has received very little attention. A complete mathematical model of the internal flow would permit the modeller to assess the possible scale effects in a physical model and to better estimate the cavitation potential.This study treats the internal flow characteristics of the submerged radial hydraulic jumps under different submergence and operating conditions. A numerical model based on the strip integral method is used to solve the governing momentum and continuity equations. The numerical technique uses velocity shape functions to permit the partial integration of the equations of motion. A Gaussian velocity distribution is used in the mixing zone and the power law is used in the inner layer. The model predicts the velocity distribution, water surface profile, decay of the maximum velocity, variation of the surface velocity, sequent depth ratio, jump length, and energy loss.A comprehensive experimental program was conducted in an expanding Plexiglas flume with a total angle of divergence of 13.5°. The results were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model predictions also compared well with the results of other studies.

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4

Haghighi, Siavash, Mohammad Reza Kavianpour, and Keyvan Nasiri. "Experimental Study of Sand Sediments Effects on Submerged Hydraulic Jump Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.366.

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Abstract. In this study, the effect of sediment concentration on submerged hydraulic jump (SHJ) characteristics such as jump length, submerged depth on the gate and the energy dissipation is investigated. Experiments were carried out in a flume of 46 cm depth, 12 m length. The width of the flume changes from 10 cm (at the entrance) to 60 cm (at the exit). Sediment load and flow concentration have an influence on submerged hydraulic jump characteristics including submerged depth on the gate, jump length and relative energy dissipation. It is shown that at high Froude numbers increasing the suspended sediment concentration to 28.7 gr/l leads to a reduction in the submerged depth on the gate up to 6% and jump length up to 10%. Also, the energy dissipation of the submerged hydraulic jump increases by 4% and turbulence resulting from the jump leads to upright distribution of concentration at the end of the jump. Also in concentrations higher than 30 gr/l, flow is not able to carry the whole sediments and subsequently leads to their deposition in subcritical area and behind the sluice gate.

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5

Jesudhas, Vimaldoss, Vesselina Roussinova, Ram Balachandar, and Ron Barron. "Submerged Hydraulic Jump Study Using DES." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 143, no. 3 (March 2017): 04016091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001231.

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6

Habibzadeh, Alireza, Mark R. Loewen, and Nallamuthu Rajaratnam. "Turbulence measurements in submerged hydraulic jumps with baffle blocks." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 6 (June 2016): 553–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0480.

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Laboratory measurements of turbulence in submerged hydraulic jumps with blocks downstream of a sluice gate are presented. As observed previously two flow regimes were distinguished; the deflected surface jet (DSJ) and the reattaching wall jet (RWJ) regimes. In the DSJ regime considerable turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was generated just downstream of the blocks and the rate of dissipation of TKE was found to be very high resulting in a rapid decay of TKE. In the RWJ flow regime the magnitude of both the TKE and the dissipation rate were considerably lower but because the TKE decayed more slowly higher levels of TKE persisted farther downstream. This study provides insights into the production and dissipation of turbulence in submerged flows and helps to explain why a submerged jump with blocks with a low submergence factor; i.e., the DSJ flow regime, is as effective as a free jump in dissipating energy.

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7

Foda, Ahmed S., Yehya E. Imam, Abd Allah S. Bazaraa, and Emad H. Imam. "Three-dimensional numerical study of submerged spatial hydraulic jumps." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 68, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0021.

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AbstractA three-dimensional numerical model was applied to simulate submerged spatial hydraulic jumps (SSHJ) downstream of a symmetric vent that discharges into a wider channel. Simulations were carried out for different aspect ratios of the vent, expansion ratios of vent width to downstream channel width, tailwater depth, and inlet Froude number. Depending on these factors, simulations indicated the formation of steady asymmetric SSHJ, oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, and steady symmetric SSHJ, consistent with results of previous experimental studies. The model reproduced observed depth downstream of vent, jump length, and velocity profiles along channel centerline for steady symmetric SSHJ. For oscillatory asymmetric SSHJ, simulated oscillation frequencies had Strouhal numbers that varied with expansion ratio and ranged between 0.003 and 0.015. With piers downstream of the vent, oscillatory SSHJ continued to exhibit jet deflections when pier length was relatively short ( ≲ 0.2 of jump length) but became steady asymmetric for longer piers.

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8

NASRABADI, Mohsen, Mohammad Hossein OMID, and Javad FARHOUDI. "Submerged hydraulic jump with sediment-laden flow." International Journal of Sediment Research 27, no. 1 (March 2012): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6279(12)60019-5.

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9

Ghaderi, Amir, Mehdi Dasineh, Francesco Aristodemo, and Costanza Aricò. "Numerical Simulations of the Flow Field of a Submerged Hydraulic Jump over Triangular Macroroughnesses." Water 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050674.

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The submerged hydraulic jump is a sudden change from the supercritical to subcritical flow, specified by strong turbulence, air entrainment and energy loss. Despite recent studies, hydraulic jump characteristics in smooth and rough beds, the turbulence, the mean velocity and the flow patterns in the cavity region of a submerged hydraulic jump in the rough beds, especially in the case of triangular macroroughnesses, are not completely understood. The objective of this paper was to numerically investigate via the FLOW-3D model the effects of triangular macroroughnesses on the characteristics of submerged jump, including the longitudinal profile of streamlines, flow patterns in the cavity region, horizontal velocity profiles, streamwise velocity distribution, thickness of the inner layer, bed shear stress coefficient, Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and energy loss, in different macroroughness arrangements and various inlet Froude numbers (1.7 < Fr1 < 9.3). To verify the accuracy and reliability of the present numerical simulations, literature experimental data were considered.

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10

Raiford, John P., and Abdul A. Khan. "Turbulence schemes for modelling a submerged hydraulic jump." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering and Computational Mechanics 166, no. 1 (March 2013): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/eacm.11.00003.

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11

THORPE, S. A., and I. KAVCIC. "The circular internal hydraulic jump." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 610 (August 8, 2008): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008002553.

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Circular hydraulic jumps are familiar in single layers. Here we report the discovery of similar jumps in two-layer flows. A thin jet of fluid impinging vertically onto a rigid horizontal plane surface submerged in a deep layer of less-dense miscible fluid spreads radially, and a near-circular internal jump forms within a few centimetres from the point of impact with the plane surface. A jump is similarly formed as a jet of relatively less-dense fluid rises to the surface of a deep layer of fluid, but it appears less stable or permanent in form. Several experiments are made to examine the case of a downward jet onto a horizontal plate, the base of a square or circular container. The inlet Reynolds numbers, Re, of the jet range from 112 to 1790. Initially jumps have an undular, laminar form with typically 2–4 stationary waves on the interface between the dense and less-dense layers but, as the depth of the dense layer beyond the jump increases, the transitions become more abrupt and turbulent, resulting in mixing between the two layers. During the transition to a turbulent regime, single and sometimes moving multiple cusps are observed around the periphery of jumps. A semi-empirical model is devised that relates the parameters of the laboratory experiment, i.e. flow rate, inlet nozzle radius, kinematic viscosity and reduced gravity, to the layer depth beyond the jump and the radius at which an undular jump occurs. The experiments imply that surface tension is not an essential ingredient in the formation of circular hydraulic jumps and demonstrate that stationary jumps can exist in stratified shear flows which can be represented as two discrete layers. No stationary circular undular jumps are found, however, in the case of a downward jet of dense fluid when the overlying, less-dense, fluid is stratified, but a stationary turbulent transition is observed. This has implications for the existence of stationary jumps in continuously stratified geophysical flows: results based on two-layer models may be misleading. It is shown that the Froude number at which a transition of finite width occurs in a radially diverging flow may be less than unity.

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12

Jesudhas, Vimaldoss, Ram Balachandar, and Tirupati Bolisetti. "Numerical study of a symmetric submerged spatial hydraulic jump." Journal of Hydraulic Research 58, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2019.1581668.

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13

Smith, Cliff D. "The submerged hydraulic jump in an abrupt lateral expansion." Journal of Hydraulic Research 27, no. 2 (March 1989): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688909499185.

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14

Long, D., P. M. Steffler, and N. Rajaratnam. "LDA study of flow structure in submerged hydraulic jump." Journal of Hydraulic Research 28, no. 4 (July 1990): 437–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499059.

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15

Bremen, R., and W. H. Hager. "The Submerged Hydraulic Jump In An Abrupt Lateral Expansion." Journal of Hydraulic Research 28, no. 3 (May 1990): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499077.

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16

Yang, James, Ting Liu, Wenhong Dai, and Penghua Teng. "Transient Air-Water Flow and Air Demand following an Opening Outlet Gate." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3194935.

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In Sweden, the dam-safety guidelines call for an overhaul of many existing bottom outlets. During the opening of an outlet gate, understanding the transient air-water flow is essential for its safe operation, especially under submerged tailwater conditions. Three-dimensional CFD simulations are undertaken to examine air-water flow behaviors at both free and submerged outflows. The gate, hoisted by wire ropes and powered by AC, opens at a constant speed. A mesh is adapted to follow the gate movement. At the free outflow, the CFD simulations and model tests agree well in terms of outlet discharge capacity. Larger air vents lead to more air supply; the increment becomes, however, limited if the vent area is larger than 10 m2. At the submerged outflow, a hydraulic jump builds up in the conduit when the gate reaches approximately 45% of its full opening. The discharge is affected by the tailwater and slightly by the flow with the hydraulic jump. The flow features strong turbulent mixing of air and water, with build-up and break-up of air pockets and collisions of defragmented water bodies. The air demand rate is several times as much as required by steady-state hydraulic jump with free surface.

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17

GUNAL, M., and R. NARAYANAN. "TURBULENCE MODELLING OF SUBMERGED HYDRAULIC JUMP USING BOUNDARY-FITTED COORDINATES." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Maritime and Energy 130, no. 2 (June 1998): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iwtme.1998.30479.

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18

Gumus, Veysel, Oguz Simsek, Nazire Goksu Soydan, Mevlut Sami Akoz, and Mehmet Salih Kirkgoz. "Numerical Modeling of Submerged Hydraulic Jump from a Sluice Gate." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 142, no. 1 (January 2016): 04015037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000948.

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19

Shekari, Y., M. Javan, and A. Eghbalzadeh. "Effect of turbulence models on the submerged hydraulic jump simulation." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 56, no. 3 (May 2015): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021894415030153.

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20

Habibzadeh, Alireza, Mark R. Loewen, and Nallamuthu Rajaratnam. "Mean Flow in a Submerged Hydraulic Jump with Baffle Blocks." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 140, no. 5 (May 2014): 04014020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0000713.

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21

Ahmed, Hossam Mohamed Ali, Mohamed El Gendy, Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Mirdan, Abdel Azim Mohamed Ali, and Fahmy Salah Fahmy Abdel Haleem. "Effect of corrugated beds on characteristics of submerged hydraulic jump." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.06.006.

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22

Hassanzadeh Vayghan, Vahid, Mirali Mohammadi, and Ali Ranjbar. "Experimental Study of the Rooster Tail Jump and End Sill in Horseshoe Spillways." Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (April 28, 2019): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091295.

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In a horseshoe spillways, due to the collision of the falling nappes from their surround walls, in the center of spillway’s trough, a spatial hydraulic jump is formed that named “rooster tail”. This study by using the physical model of horseshoe spillway, investigates the form, height and length of rooster tail jump. Based on the analytical methods, the effective parameters on rooster tail jump’s height and height were determined and their interaction was investigated and linear relationships were proposed to predict jump’s length and height. By increasing the amount of water on the spillway’s crest and thereby increasing the velocity of flow nappe at the point of contact with the spillway’s bed, length and high of rooster tail jump, linearly increased. The result also shows that by increasing number of Froude, the length and height of jump increases and by increasing the spillway’s length, the height and length of the rooster tail jump decreases. To control of rooster tail jump in spillway’s model, two different size of end sills Inserted at downstream of spillway and result shows that by employing a sill with height of 3.8 cm and 7.6 cm, the flow depth, in average, respectively 122% and 272% increase compared to no sill conditions, also flow state change from super-critical to sub-critical. At the sill of 3.8 cm it was observed that the rooster tail jump did not submerged, but at the height of 7.6 cm the jump submerged and static pressure increased more. The results revealed that by placing the sill of 3.8 and 7.6 cm, respectively 45% and 35% of the maximum pressure entering the bed of the spillway at the collision site is reduced.

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23

Godo, Anna M., and J. A. McCorquodale. "Effect of diurnal temperature variation on the hydraulics of clarifiers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-131.

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This study was carried out to obtain data on the behaviour of thermally induced density currents in primary rectangular clarifiers so that better models can be developed for these units. This note deals with the case when the influent is cooler than the ambient temperature in the tank. The experiments were made in a model with a scale of about 1:20 compared to the typical full-scale clarifier. Temperature surveys and dye tests were carried out for turbulent flow and temperature differences between influent and effluent that were equivalent to ±0.2 °C in the prototype on a diurnal basis. The results indicate six flow regimes that follow a decrease in influent temperature: (i) denser wall jet; (ii) splash at the end wall; (iii) moving internal hydraulic jump; (iv) submerged internal hydraulic jump; (v) splash at the influent baffle; and (vi) stratified flow. A comparison of the test data with those available in the literature showed that the entrainment equations involving the Richardson number are adequate for modelling, but the classical hydraulic jump equations need modifications for the effect of entrainment. Key words: clarifiers, rectangular, primary, model, density currents, internal hydraulic jumps, unsteady flow, denser wall jets.

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24

SADEGHFAM, Sina, Ali Akbar AKHTARI, Rasoul DANESHFARAZ, and Gökmen TAYFUR. "Experimental investigation of screens as energy dissipaters in submerged hydraulic jump." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 38 (2014): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/muh-1401-15.

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25

Ali, Hossam Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed El Gendy, Ahmed Mohamed Hassan Mirdan, Abdel Azim Mohamed Ali, and Fahmy Salah Fahmy Abdelhaleem. "Minimizing downstream scour due to submerged hydraulic jump using corrugated aprons." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (December 2014): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.07.007.

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26

Powley, Richard L., and Bradley H. Haid. "Flow through gated conduits at partial and full gate openings." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-006.

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A general method of analysing flows in gated circular and rectangular conduits was developed, and empirical contraction coefficients were determined for typical gates in circular conduits. A momentum analysis of the flow immediately downstream of a submerged gate was also conducted. Key words: gated conduits, contraction coefficient, hydraulic jump, jet, development length.

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27

McGhin, Ronald F., Rollin H. Hotchkiss, and Ed Kern. "Submerged Hydraulic Jump Remediation at Low-Head Dams: Partial Width Deflector Design." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 144, no. 12 (December 2018): 04018074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001513.

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28

Mori, A., T. Makino, and H. Mori. "Entry Flow and Pressure Jump in Submerged Multi-Pad Bearings and Grooved Bearings." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920896.

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Numerical studies are conducted to investigate the flow and pressure fields along the runner surface in submerged multi-pad and/or multi-grooved bearings under high Reynolds number. The cavity region between the pads and/or the oil feed groove is modified into rectangular shape. The bearing gap region is modified into linearly tapered one. The two-dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations are solved consistently for both regions by means of the penalty function formulation and the Galerkin finite element method incorporated with the Newton-Raphson linearization. General feature of the inertia effects on the entry flow and pressure jump is illustrated under various conditions. The results are used to improve the former simplified approach, which is based on the quasi-fully developed gap flow linked to the cavity flow of boundary layer type by using conservation equations of mass and mechanical energy.

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29

Uchida, Tatsuhiko. "An Enhanced Depth-integrated Model for Flows over a Negative Step with Hydraulic Jump." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 05017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184005017.

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Depth-integrated models play an important role of predicting flows for several practical problems. There are many contributions to develop an enhanced depth-integrated model to have the ability of evaluating vertical flow structures. However, it is still challenging for the depth integrated models to calculate flows over a negative step accompanying a hydraulic jump, because the separation zone behind the step and the pattern of the hydraulic jump depend on the several hydraulic conditions such as Froude number, step height and downstream water depth. In this study, assuming gravel bed rivers in which the bed is covered with relatively large roughness, an enhanced depth integrated model is developed to calculate various hydraulic jump patterns generated downstream from the negative step. The present method is based on General Bottom Velocity Computation method employing Dynamic Wall Law with 4th degree polynomial velocity distribution (GBVC4-DWL). The model with the virtual bed slope behind the negative step and the critical slope of wave breaking is validated through the comparisons with the experimental results on flows over a negative step for submerged jet. weak jump and undular jump conditions. Then the essential terms of equations which compose the present method to calculate the flow downstream of the negative step are investigated.

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30

Sharoonizadeh, Shokoofeh, Javad Ahadiyan, Anna Rita Scorzini, Mario Di Bacco, Mohsen Sajjadi, and Manoochehr Fathi Moghadam. "Experimental Analysis on the Use of Counterflow Jets as a System for the Stabilization of the Spatial Hydraulic Jump." Water 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182572.

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This study presents an investigation on the use of submerged counterflow jets as a means for stabilizing the spatial hydraulic jump occurring in abruptly expanding channels. The characteristics of the flow downstream from the stilling basin and the main parameters influencing the effectiveness of the device in improving flow uniformity and reducing scouring potential are examined in laboratory tests, under several geometric configurations and hydraulic boundary conditions. The position within the stilling basin and the jet density (i.e., the number of orifices issuing the counterflow jets) were found to be important parameters influencing the performance of the device. Overall, the results indicate that this dissipation system has promising capabilities in forcing the transition from supercritical to subcritical flow, by significantly shortening the protection length needed to limit the phenomena of instability associated with spatial hydraulic jumps.

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31

Shayan, Hossein Khalili, Javad Farhoudi, and Alireza Vatankhah. "Experimental and field verifications of radial gates as flow measurement structures." Water Supply 21, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 3057–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.071.

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Abstract Radial gates are common structures in irrigation projects. This paper presents some theory-based equations for explicit estimation of the discharge from a radial gate under free and submerged flow conditions using energy and momentum (E-M) principles. The proposed equations were calibrated using extensive experimental data collected from the literature and this study for three types of radial gate under free and submerged flow conditions. The submergence threshold of radial gates is concluded, based on the concepts of hydraulic jump and the intersection of free and submerged head-discharge curves. The results indicated that the error in estimating the discharge increases under transition ( − 2.5 ≤ Sr% ≤ + 2.5), gate lip (1 < y0/w ≤ 2), and high submerged (yt/y0 ≥ 0.95) flow conditions. However, in these flow limit conditions, the discharge error can be considerably decreased by adjusting the tailwater depth to flow depth just after the gate and using the energy equation for the sections before and after the gate. The efficiency of the proposed methods was evaluated based on the data series from field measurements of radial gates in 29 check structures at irrigation canals in the United States and Iran. The results showed that the discharge could be estimated using the proposed equations in field conditions with acceptable accuracy.

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32

Nazari, Farshid, Yee-chung Jin, and Ahmad Shakibaeinia. "Numerical analysis of jet and submerged hydraulic jump using moving particle semi-implicit method." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 5 (May 2012): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-023.

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33

MESHKATI SHAHMIRZADI, Mohammad, and Tetsuya SUMI. "hydraulic design of in-ground stilling basin under submerged jump conditions for flood mitigation dams." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 69, no. 4 (2013): I_79—I_84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.69.i_79.

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34

HIGUCHI, Takayoshi, Naoya KATAYAMA, Gohki NOGUCHI, Takahiro SAITOH, and Yoshihiko SHIMIZU. "VERIFICATION OF PARTICLE METHOD USING EXPERIMENT OF UNDULAR JUMP AND SUBMERGED JET FLOWS OVER BACKWARD FACING STEP." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 74, no. 5 (2018): I_661—I_666. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.74.5_i_661.

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35

Moussa, Yasser A., Abde-lAzim M. Ali, and Yasser K. Saleh. "Performance of sills over aprons under the effect of submerged hydraulic jump, (case study: Naga Hammadi Barrage)." Ain Shams Engineering Journal 9, no. 4 (December 2018): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2016.09.005.

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36

Glastonbury, Ralph Ivor, Johan Paul Beukes, Pieter Gideon van Zyl, Merete Tangstad, Eli Ringdalen, Douglas Dall, Joalet Dalene Steenkamp, and Masana Mushwana. "Characterisation of a Real-World Søderberg Electrode." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010005.

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Very little research on Søderberg electrodes has been published in the journal peer reviewed public domain. The main aim of this work is to characterise a Søderberg electrode that was cut off approximately 0.5 m below the contacts shoes of a submerged arc furnace. Additionally, the characterisation data can be used to verify if Søderberg electrode models accurately predict important electrode characteristics. The operational history (slipping, current, and paste levels) proved that the case study electrode was a representative specimen. The characterisation results indicated no significant electrical resistivity, degree of graphitisation (DOG), and bulk density changes from 0.7 to 2.7 m on the non-delta side (outward facing), while these characteristics changed relatively significantly on the delta side (inward facing) of the electrode. The area where the submerged arc would mostly like jump off the electrode had the lowest resistivity, as well as highest DOG and bulk density. No significant difference in porosity as a function of length below the contact shoes were observed; however, slight increases occurred near the perimeters. It was postulated that oxidation of carbon resulted in increased pore volumes near the electrode perimeter. No significant difference in compressive breaking strength was observed over the electrode area investigated.

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Li, Ai-jun, Yong Liu, and Hua-jun Li. "Accurate Solutions to Water Wave Scattering by Vertical Thin Porous Barriers." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/985731.

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The water wave scattering by vertical thin porous barriers is accurately solved in this study. Two typical structures of a surface-piercing barrier and a submerged bottom-standing barrier are considered. The solution procedure is based on the multi-term Galerkin method, in which the pressure jump across a porous barrier is expanded in a set of basis functions involving the Chebychev polynomials. Then, the square-root singularity of fluid velocity at the edge of the porous barrier is correctly modeled. The present solutions have the merits of very rapid convergence. Accurate results for both the reflection and the transmission coefficients and wave forces are presented. This study not only gives a promising procedure to tackle wave interaction with vertical thin porous barriers but also provides a reliable benchmark for complicated numerical solutions.

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Vallé, Brett L., and Gregory B. Pasternack. "Field mapping and digital elevation modelling of submerged and unsubmerged hydraulic jump regions in a bedrock step–pool channel." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, no. 6 (May 2006): 646–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1293.

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Zhou, Zhao, Junxing Wang, and David Z. Zhu. "Energy dissipation in a deep tailwater stilling basin with partial flaring gate piers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 5 (May 2020): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0099.

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Flaring gate piers (FGPs) have been used to increase energy dissipation in stilling basins downstream of spillways. For projects with a low water head and large unit discharge together with a deep tailwater level, energy dissipation inside a conventional stilling basin is usually insufficient. This paper proposes a new partial flaring gate pier (partial FGP) scheme to intensify the energy dissipation inside the stilling basin. The results for the no FGP scheme, the conventional FGP scheme, and the partial FGP scheme were compared using a physical model study and numerical simulations. It was found that the partial FGP scheme (the alternation of flaring and no flaring gate piers in chambers) can contain the submerged hydraulic jump and high-speed water jet in the upstream region of the stilling basin. Thus, the water jet from the FGP chamber was forced to laterally diffuse, thereby intensifying the shear friction and turbulent kinetic energy and forming a vertical vortex from the bottom to the surface. Compared with the other two schemes, the flow pattern in the partial FGP scheme was improved significantly with much deeper air entrainment depth inside the stilling basin and much lower turbulent kinetic energy in the outgoing flow. The mean velocity of the outgoing flow also decreased by more than 20%. The common problems of secondary hydraulic jump outside the stilling basin were eliminated.

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Blanchon, Paul, Brian Jones, and Derek C. Ford. "Discovery of a submerged relic reef and shoreline off Grand Cayman: further support for an early Holocene jump in sea level." Sedimentary Geology 147, no. 3-4 (March 2002): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(01)00143-9.

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Beglyarova, E. S., A. M. Bakshtanin, A. V. Dmitrieva, and S. A. Sokolova. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE SUBMERGED HYDRAULIC JUMP IN THE UNPRISMATIC WATERCOURSE HAVING A RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION AND A SMOOTH HORIZONTAL BOTTOM." Prirodoobustrojstvo, no. 3 (2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/1997-6011/2018-3-51-58.

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Kao, Mu-Jung. "Multifunction of Ni/Ag Nanocompound Fluid." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/872587.

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An arc-submerged nanoparticle synthesis system (ASNSS) is proposed and developed for fabricating Ni/Ag nanocompound fluid. In the development process, the positive and negative electrodes in the system are Ni and Ag, respectively. Applied electrical energy then produces heating source by generating an adequate arc with a high temperature that can melt and vaporize the two electrodes. The nanocompound fluid that is generated by the synthesis system is analyzed by morphological analysis, Zeta potential analysis, heat conductivity analysis, magnetic characteristic analysis, and UV-Vis absorption spectra analysis. Experimental results show that increasing the concentration of added particles and the higher temperature can be helpful to the enhancement of thermal conductivity. The Ni/Ag nanofluid not only preserves the magnetic character of the nickel and the ability of silver to absorb visible light but also enhances the thermal conductivity. The absorption occurs at 406 nm wavelength (redshift from 396 nm to 406 nm), which means that, under the excitement of visible light range (400~700 nm), it can let more easy electrons jump to the conductivity zone from the valence electron zone.

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Gracewski, S. M., and D. B. Bogy. "Elastic Wave Scattering From an Interface Crack in a Layered Half Space Submerged in Water: Part I: Applied Tractions at the Liquid-Solid Interface." Journal of Applied Mechanics 53, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3171760.

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In Part I of this two-part paper, the analytical solution of time harmonic elastic wave scattering by an interface crack in a layered half space submerged in water is presented. The solution of the problem leads to a set of coupled singular integral equations for the jump in displacements across the crack. The kernels of these integrals are represented in terms of the Green’s functions for the structure without a crack. Analysis of the integral equations yields the form of the singularities of the unknown functions at the crack tip. These singularities are taken into account to arrive at an algebraic approximation for the integral equations that can then be solved numerically. Numerical results in the form of crack tip stress intensity factors are presented for the cases in which the incident disturbance is a harmonic uniform normal or shearing traction applied at the liquid-solid interface. These results are compared with a previously published solution for this problem in the absence of the liquid. In Part II, which immediately follows Part I in the same journal issue, the more realistic disturbances of plane waves and bounded beams incident from the liquid are considered.

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Shaikhullina, A. A., E. P. Dubinin, A. A. Bulychev, M. S. Baranovsky, and A. L. Grokholsky. "http://www.kscnet.ru/journal/kraesc/article/view/639." Bulletin of Kamchatka Regional Association «Educational-Scientific Center». Earth Sciences 4(48) (2020): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31431/1816-5524-2020-4-48-36-48.

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The Chagos-Laccadiv Range is a linear-elongated structure adjacent to the passive margin of western India. The ridge consists of three segments: northern — Lakkadiv ridge, central — Maldives ridge and southern — bank (archipelago) Chagos. The ridges are separated by depressions and have different manifestations in morphology and anomalous gravitational field. Modeling of the density structure of the Chagos-Lakkadive Ridge tectonosphere showed that the Lakkadive and Maldive segments, most likely, represent submerged blocks of thinned continental crust, partially separated from the continental margin of India by a riftogenic basin. Along with the assumption that the Chagos Bank may contain fragments of the continental crust, the main factor in its formation is apparently the active magmatic activity of the Reunion hot spot, leading to an increase in the thickness of the crust due to underplating. Physical modeling showed that the formation of such a linear structure is possible in the presence of thermal (hot spot) and structural (faults and cracks) inhomogeneities in the model continental lithosphere, which within the continental margin led to a jump (jumping) of the spreading axis towards the young margin and partial separation from it narrow linearly elongated microblocks (ridges).

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Mori, A., T. Makino, and H. Mori. "Closure to “Discussion of ‘Entry Flow and Pressure Jump in Submerged Multi-Pad Bearings and Grooved Bearings’” (1992, ASME J. Tribol., 114, pp. 377–378)." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926707.

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Attia, M., and Ibrahim Rashwan. "Turbulence Characteristics in Submerged Hydraulic Jump Below Silled Sluice Gates besides Studying alos The Scale Effects in Free Efflux Below Gate of Variable Openings.(Dept.C)." MEJ. Mansoura Engineering Journal 34, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.157624.

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Gumus, Veysel, Oguz Simsek, Nazire Goksu Soydan, Mevlut Sami Akoz, and Mehmet Salih Kirkgoz. "Closure to “Numerical Modeling of Submerged Hydraulic Jump from a Sluice Gate” by Veysel Gumus, Oguz Simsek, Nazire Goksu Soydan, Mevlut Sami Akoz, and Mehmet Salih Kirkgoz." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 143, no. 4 (April 2017): 07016021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001128.

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Ghavidel, Mohammadali, Salah Kouchakzadeh, Mohammad Bijankhan, and Gilles Belaud. "Discussion of “Numerical Modeling of Submerged Hydraulic Jump from a Sluice Gate” by Veysel Gumus, Oguz Simsek, Nazire Goksu Soydan, Mevlut Sami Akoz, and Mehmet Salih Kirkgoz." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 143, no. 4 (April 2017): 07016020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0001129.

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49

San Andres, Luis. "Discussion: “Entry Flow and Pressure Jump in Submerged Multi-Pad Bearings and Grooved Bearings” (Mori, A., Makino, T., and Mori, H., 1992, ASME J. Tribol., 114, pp. 370–377)." Journal of Tribology 114, no. 2 (April 1, 1992): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926706.

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Su, Liyun, and Xiu Ling. "Estimating Weak Pulse Signal in Chaotic Background with Jordan Neural Network." Complexity 2020 (July 20, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3284587.

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In target estimating sea clutter or actual mechanical fault diagnosis, useful signal is often submerged in strong chaotic noise, and the targeted signal data are difficult to recover. Traditional schemes, such as Elman neural network (ENN), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and multilayer perceptron- (MLP-) based model, are insufficient to extract the weak signal embedded in a chaotic background. To improve the estimating accuracy, a novel estimating method for aiming at extracting problem of weak pulse signal buried in a strong chaotic background is presented. Firstly, the proposed method obtains the vector sequence signal by reconstructing higher-dimensional phase space data matrix according to the Takens theorem. Then, a Jordan neural network- (JNN-) based model is designed, which can minimize the error squared sum by mixing the single-point jump model for targeting signal. Finally, based on short-term predictability of chaotic background, estimation of weak pulse signal from the chaotic background is achieved by a profile least square method for optimizing the proposed model parameters. The data generated by the Lorenz system are used as chaotic background noise for the simulation experiment. The simulation results show that Jordan neural network and profile least square algorithm are effective in estimating weak pulse signal from chaotic background. Compared with the traditional method, (1) the presented method can estimate the weak pulse signal in strong chaotic noise under lower error than ENN-based, BPNN-based, SVM-based, and -ased models and (2) the proposed method can extract the weak pulse signal under a higher output SNR than BPNN-based model.

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