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Journal articles on the topic 'Submergence ratio'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Abou, Taleb F. S., and J. A. Al-jarrah. "Experimental Study of an Air Lift Pump." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1676–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.809261.

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In this investigation the effect of submergence ratio and air jacket on the performance of the air lift pump has been studied. Three types of air jackets in addition to five levels of submergence ratios were used. Each air jacket has a number of drilled holes distributed uniformly at the perimeter of the inside pipe, where the total area of drilled holes was kept constant. It has been found that the water flux increases as the submergence ratio increased. Also it was found that the minimum air flux required to start discharging water from the pump decreases as the submergence ratio increases.

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2

AlMaliky, Salam J., and Hayder A. Alajawi. "Effect of Suction Pipe Diameter and Submergence Ratio on Air Lift Pumping Rate." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 16, no. 1 (2009): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.16.1.05.

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The increasingly importance for the uses of the air lift pump in widespread list of fields (mining, nuclear industries, agricultural uses, petroleum industries…etc.) makes it very interested for the researchers to find tools to raise the performance outcome of such pumps. An air lift pump system is setup to study the effect of the suction pipe diameter and submergence ratio on the liquid (water) pumping rate. The system has a lift pipe of (0.021 m) diameter and (1.25 m) length. Five diameters for the suction pipe (0.021, 0.027, 0.033, 0.048 and 0.063 m) with a fixed length of (0.3 m), are test

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3

Al-Maliky, Salam J. Bash. "Effect of Suction Pipe Diameter and Submergence Ratio on Air Lift Pumping Rate." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.703.

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The increasingly importance for the uses of the air lift pump in widespread list of fields (mining, nuclear industries, agricultural uses, petroleum industries...etc.) makes it very interested for the researchers to find tools to raise the performance outcome of such pumps. An air lift pump system was setup to study the effect of the suction pipe diameter and submergence ratio on the liquid (water) pumping rate. The system has a lift pipe of (0.021 m) diameter and (1.25 m) length. Five diameters for the suction pipe (0.021, 0.027, 0.033, 0.048 and 0.063 m) with a fixed length of (0.3 m), were

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4

Aka, Mfoniso U., Okechukwu E. Agbasi, Okonna Nsidibe Ndaraka, and Osu Azuanamibebi Derikuma. "Assessment of Geologic Effect of Road Submergence Depths on Soil Subgrade Strength in Eket, South-South Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, no. 06 (2022): 09–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.g1.

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Road submergence is a common occurrence in Eket, South-South Nigeria, resulting in massive outlays for road construction and alimony. Fundamentally, the delineation of roadway structures is based on the strength of consolidated soil avowed as the subgrade. Consequently, the subgrade is the in situ material upon which the roadway structure is placed. It is necessary to know the modes of damage to roads caused by submergence. This study assesses the effect of road submergence depths and the extent of submergences on the subgrade strength of soil samples carried out on the Uquo Eket road that was

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5

Abou Taleb, F. S., and J. A. Al-jarrah. "Experimental Study of an Air Lift Pump." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 3 (2017): 1676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1207.

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In this investigation the effect of submergence ratio and air jacket on the performance of the air lift pump has been studied. Three types of air jackets in addition to five levels of submergence ratios were used. Each air jacket has a number of drilled holes distributed uniformly at the perimeter of the inside pipe, where the total area of drilled holes was kept constant. It has been found that the water flux increases as the submergence ratio increased. Also it was found that the minimum air flux required to start discharging water from the pump decreases as the submergence ratio increases.

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6

V, KRISHNA KUMAR, and SUBRAMANIAN S. "ECONOMICS OF RICE CULTIVATION UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES." Madras Agricultural Journal 81, November (1994): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01591.

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Results of field experiment on the economics of water and N management practices on low land rice indicated that grain yield increased upto 150 kg N ha' in the South West Monsoon (SWM) and Summer seasons. Continuous 5 em submergence (1) or recouping submergence one day after disappearance (12) did not influence grain yield during SWM whereas continuous submergence was necessary to record more grain yield during summer. Straw yield recorded were highest with continuous submergence in both the seasons and with 225 kg N ha in SWM season and 150 kg N ha-1 in summer season. Gross and net returns as

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7

Rahimzadeh, Amin, Parviz Ghadimi, Mohammad A. Feizi Chekab, and Mohammad H. Jabbari. "Determining Transmission Coefficient of Propagating Solitary Wave over Trapezoidal Breakwater and Parametric Studies on Different Influential Factors." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2014 (April 10, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/841327.

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The objective of this study is to numerically investigate transmission coefficient of submerged trapezoidal breakwater of various configurations subjected to solitary waves. Boussinesq equations of Madsen and Sorensen are applied as governing equations for simulation purposes. Discretization of governing equations is accomplished using Galerkin finite element method and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton predictor-corrector method is considered for time integration. In order to obtain transmission coefficients, two gauges are considered before and after the submerged breakwater to record initial and tran

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8

Putri Renata, Nellis Nadinda, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Wiko Arif Wibowo, and Diah Rachmawati. "Physiological responses and production of Gama Melon Parfum (Cucumis melo L. cv. GMP) on different water availability." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 52, no. 3 (2024): 389–99. https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v52i3.54022.

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Gama Melon Parfum (GMP) cultivar is a result of crossbreeding between the Natsuno Omoide and Miyamauri melon varieties in 2011. GMP exhibits a unique phenotypic characteristic, including a bitter taste of the fruit flesh and produces a stronger aroma. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and productivity of GMP under varying water conditions. The experiment was conducted using a single factor consisting of different levels of water availability with field capacity at 50%, 75%, and 100%, as well as submergence at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 8 cm above the soil surface.

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9

Poursorkhabi, Ramin Vafaei, and Roghayeh Ghasempour. "Possibilities to use the meta model and classical approaches to evaluate the impact of hydraulic conditions in prediction of the critical submergence depth ratio." Water Supply 19, no. 4 (2018): 1055–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.153.

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Abstract One of the hydraulic phenomena that mainly occurs during the water withdrawal process of channels is the formation of vortices that can cause many problems for the hydro-mechanical facilities of intakes. In the current study, classical models and meta model approaches (i.e. Support Vector Machine and Gene Expression Programming) were applied to evaluate the impact of pipe diameter and hydraulic condition changes in prediction of the critical submergence depth ratio in horizontal intakes. In this regard, two types of critical submergence experiments, based on bottom clearance, were con

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10

Azamathulla, H. Md, and Z. Ahmad. "GP approach for critical submergence of intakes in open channel flows." Journal of Hydroinformatics 14, no. 4 (2012): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.089.

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This technical paper presents the genetic programming (GP) approach to predict the critical submergence for horizontal intakes in open channel flow for different bottom clearances. Laboratory data from the literature for the critical submergence for a wide range of flow conditions were used for the development and testing of the proposed method. Froude number, Reynolds number, Weber number and ratio of intake velocity and channel velocity were considered dominant parameters affecting the critical submergence. The proposed GP approach produced satisfactory results compared to the existing predi

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11

Omar, Ihab, Yusra A. Al.Bahadli, Zahra F. Hussaina, Aiham O. Altayeh, Ahmed A. M. Saleh, and Ali Basem. "An experimental study to lift water with a solar-driven bubble pump." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 19 (2024): 2596–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctae215.

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Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation centered on the utilization of a solar bubble pump for lifting water. Experimental tests were conducted to analyze the impact of various design and operational parameters. The results revealed a direct proportionality between the maximum height lifted heat flux. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated that increasing the submergence ratio resulted in a higher mass flow of lifted water. Furthermore, a slight increase in tube diameter, while maintaining a constant heat flux and submergence ratio, led to a 22.47% increase in the flow r

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12

Yan, Bin, Ming Gao, Zhenwei Gao, and Shengli Yan. "A farmland immersion evaluation method based on grey clustering." E3S Web of Conferences 199 (2020): 00014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019900014.

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As we all know, the degree of farmland immersion is affected by many factors such as soil moisture content, natural pore ratio, saturation, soil lithology and so on. However, the conventional submergence assessment method only uses the relative relationship between the depth of phreatic water and the rising height of capillary water to judge the degree of submergence, which is obviously unreasonable. Therefore, in this paper, a method of farmland immersion evaluation based on trigonometric whiteness weight function grey clustering is proposed. The physical properties of soil, surface soil lith

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13

Fayyadh, Ekhlas, Nibras Mahdi, and Ali Mohammed. "The effect of air injection system on airlift pump performance." FME Transactions 48, no. 4 (2020): 800–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2004800f.

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In the current study, a novel design of an air injection system for an airlift pump was designed and tested. The pump has a circular cross-section and composed of three parts; suction pipe, injection system, and riser pipe. The riser pipe has a diameter of 31.7 mm and a length of 2 m. The performance of the pump was tested using different submergence ratios, ranging from 0.15 to 0.3, and the injected airflow rate was ranging from 1.65 kg/h to 13.32 kg/h. The results showed that both the airflow rate and the submergence ratio have a significant effect on the capacity and performance of the pump

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14

Golpira, Amir, Fengbin Huang, and Abul B. M. Baki. "The Effect of Habitat Structure Boulder Spacing on Near-Bed Shear Stress and Turbulent Events in a Gravel Bed Channel." Water 12, no. 5 (2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051423.

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This study experimentally investigated the effect of boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress in a single array of boulders in a gravel bed open channel flume. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure the instantaneous three-dimensional velocity components. Four methods of estimating near-bed shear stress were compared. The results suggested a significant effect of boulder spacing and boulder submergence ratio on the near-bed shear stress estimations and their spatial distributions. It was found that at unsubmerged condition, the turbulent kin

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15

Pasricha, N. S. "Potassium (Q/I) relationships as influenced by calcium and magnesium treated as separate ionic species, and by soil submergence." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 3 (1985): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600044348.

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SummaryThe quantity–intensity relationships between gains and losses of exchangeable K of the soil, and the K-intensity in the equilibrium solution, were determined for two soils incubated at 25 ± 1 °C for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks under submerged conditions. The Kintensity modified to include the factor (F) by which Mg differs from Ca in its behaviour on the exchange complex, i. e. aK/(a½Ca + F.a½Mg), gave significantly lower values of equilibrium activity ratio, , and higher values of linear buffering capacity (LBCK), than when measured by the simple ratio, aK/(aCa + aMg)½. The mean value of th

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16

Yong-Hua, Chen, Zhao Sen, Yan Qin-Quan, Li Yang-Sheng, Wu Xing-Rong, and Xiao Guo-Ying. "Tolerance of submergence in rice: gene studies using differential display technique." Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (2007): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479236207001428.

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AbstractGene expression profiles between submergence rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) varieties, tolerant FR13A and sensitive IR39595-503-2-1-2, under submergence stress were identified using differential display reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). A total of 1428 bands were amplified with 40 pairs of primers, of which 102 were significantly different between the two lines. The differential display ratio was 7.1%. Among 42 differential display bands derived from the submergence tolerant variety, the expression of seven fragments was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. T

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17

Phoak, Samnang, Ya-Sheng Luo, Sheng-Nan Li, and Qian Yin. "Influence of Submergence on Stabilization of Loess in Shaanxi Province by Adding Fly Ash." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010068.

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In this study, the influence of fly ash (FA) content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) on the alteration in the physical and mechanical parameters of loess is investigated. The influences of curing time (0, 14, and 28 days) and submergence and non-submergence conditions are analyzed as well. Analysis considers the variation in Atterberg limits (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index), compaction parameters (optimum moisture content (OMC), and maximum dry density (MDD)), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) stress, UCS strain, California bearing ratio (CBR) value, and swell potential. Results

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18

Liu, Y. L., B. Lv, and W. L. Wei. "Investigation of the Submerged Depth of Aeration Impellers in an Oxidation Ditch by Numerical Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.429.

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In this paper, the flow structure of the oxidation ditch was studied using numerical simulation method and different submerged depth of aeration impellers. The computed velocity fields were analyzed, which shows that under the same conditions, and by using the optimal submerged depth the average velocity of the flow in oxidation ditch is increased and the velocity near-bottom has increased significantly. The results of comparisons show that the velocity distribution is more uniform along the depth direction, and that the flow velocity distribution structure can prevent sludge from settling in

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19

CHOUDHARY, V. K. "Water use, energy use efficiency and carbon footprint of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) in response to surface drainage." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no. 4 (2018): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i4.79099.

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A field study was undertaken to determine the productivity, water use, energy efficiency, and carbon footprint under enforced surface drainage for 15 days at various growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during kharif 2011 and 2012. The continuous submergence improved the rice grain yield (3.41 t/ha) and straw yield (4.68 tonnes/ha) over the continuous drainage. The water-use was higher with continuous submergence (15350 m3) followed by alternate wetting and drying, whereas, the lowest water was used with continuous drainage (5400 m3). The continuous submergence consumed the highest total in

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20

Sadeghi, Fatane, Yousef Ramezani, and Hossein Khozeymehnezhad. "Effect of submergence ratio of parallel wall on bridge abutment scour." Alexandria Engineering Journal 57, no. 4 (2018): 2659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2017.10.002.

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21

Nipuni Odara, Merenchi Galappaththige, and Jonathan Pearson. "Longitudinal Mixing in Flows with Submerged Rigid Aquatic Canopies." Water 15, no. 17 (2023): 3021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173021.

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The presence of dense submerged vegetation alters mixing characteristics in open channel flows as they cause differential velocities inside and above canopies. The prediction models for longitudinal mixing in the presence of submerged canopies often use the drag coefficient to represent the canopy, which limits the usability of the models when the canopy properties are not fully understood. Here, attempts were made to present a methodology which can be used for deriving the coefficient of longitudinal dispersion in the presence of submerged vegetation based on velocity measurements, using a mi

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22

Tyvand, Peder A., and Touvia Miloh. "Free-surface flow generated by a small submerged circular cylinder starting from rest." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 286 (March 10, 1995): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095000668.

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The impulsively starting motion of a small circular cylinder submerged horizontally below a free surface is studied analytically using a small-time expansion. The cylinder is considered small if the ratio between its radius and initial submergence depth is much smaller than one. The surface elevation is calculated up to third order. The hydrodynamic force on the small cylinder is also discussed. Certain inconsistencies in our small-cylinder approximation (assuming locally uniform flow around the cylinder) are found in the force prediction. The present work is an accompanying paper to Tyvand &a

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23

Enany, Parviz, Oleksandr Shevchenko, and Carsten Drebenstedt. "Particle Transport Velocity in Vertical Transmission with an Airlift Pump." Fluids 7, no. 3 (2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7030095.

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This paper presents the optimal conditions for fast transfer of solid particle with an airlift pump. The experimental examinations were carried out in an airlift pump with a length of 5.64 m and an inner diameter of 0.102 m in order to determine the impact of submergence ratio, air flow, and physical particle properties, such as shape, size, and density, on the vertical velocity of the particle in detail. The results showed that with the same air flow, the maximum particle velocity was achieved when the churn flow regime is established with a submergence ratio close to 0.89. However, in bubble

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24

Adriansyah, Fikri, Mery Hasmeda, Rujito Agus Suwignyo, et al. "Selection of Sub1 Locus for Submergence-Tolerant Introgression in a Backcrossing of South Sumatra Rice based on SSR Markers." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 3 (2022): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-05.

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The development of a new submergence-tolerant variety is one ideal solution to reduce submergence stress impact caused by the unpredictable occurrence of flooding in the South Sumatra riparian wetland rice cultivation area. The Sub1 gene for submergence tolerance was introgressed into South Sumatra riparian wetland rice from the donor parent FR13A using marker-assisted backcrossing. This study involves a backcrossing between Pelita Rampak and BC1F1 Pelita Rampak, FR13A-derived Sub1 breeding lines. The main objective of this study was to introgress the Sub1 gene in BC2F1 using marker-assisted s

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25

Zhang, Zhen, Yuan Zheng, Xiwang Xu, and Bin Peng. "The Effect of Mixing Chamber Configuration and Submersion Depth on Centrifugal Aerator Performance." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (2022): 11355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811355.

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Centrifugal aerators are a vital piece of equipment in water treatment. To improve the efficiency and economy of their operation, a study of their mixing chamber structure and submergence depth was carried out using a combination of numerical simulations and experiments. A centrifugal aerator dissolved oxygen (DO) test bench was built and the numerical simulation was compared with the experiment, the inlet air flow rate showing only a 2.23% error, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation. The results show that the capacity of oxygen dissolved in the aeration tank increases an

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26

Li, Zhixiang, Huixiang Chen, Hui Xu, et al. "Effects of discharge-to-submergence ratio on evolution of air-core vortex." Ocean Engineering 281 (August 2023): 114830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.114830.

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27

Yang, Shengmu, Jiuxing Xing, Daoyi Chen, and Shengli Chen. "A modelling study of eddy-splitting by an island/seamount." Ocean Science 13, no. 5 (2017): 837–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-13-837-2017.

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Abstract. A mesoscale eddy's trajectory and its interaction with topography under the planetary β and nonlinear effects in the South China Sea are examined using the MIT General Circulation Model (MITgcm). Warm eddies propagate to the southwest while cold eddies propagate to the northwest. The propagation speed of both warm and cold eddies is about 2.4 km day−1 in the model. The eddy trajectory and its structure are affected by an island or a seamount, in particular, under certain conditions, the eddy may split during the interaction with an island/seamount. We focus this research on two param

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28

Adriansyah, F., M. Hasmeda, R. A. Suwignyo, E. S. Halimi, and U. Sarimana. "Improvement of the submergence stress tolerance of local South Sumatran rice through the introgression of the Sub1 gene by using marker-assisted selection." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 53, no. 4 (2021): 575–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2021.53.4.3.

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Submergence stress due to unpredictable soil flooding is one of the main constraints encountered in rainfed growing areas, especially in Southern Sumatran riparian swamps. The development of submergence-stress-tolerant cultivars through the introgression of Sub1 via marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) is an ideal solution. This study was carried out during 2020 at Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia, with the aim to select Sub1-introgressed lines in BC3F1 generations on the basis of MABC and to screen out the SSR markers that were unlinked to the target gene for application in subsequen

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29

Pernod, Laetitia, Matthieu Sacher, Jeroen Wackers, Benoit Augier, and Patrick Bot. "Free-Surface Effects on Two-Dimensional Hydrofoils by RANS-VOF Simulations." Journal of Sailing Technology 8, no. 01 (2023): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jst/2023.8.2.24.

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Foiling yachts and crafts are both very sensitive to the flying height in terms of stability and performance, raising the scientific issue of the influence of the free-surface when the foil is at low submergence. This work presents numerical simulations of a 2D hydrofoil section NACA0012 at 5° angle of attack in the vicinity of the free-surface, for different values of the submergence depth, for a chord-based Froude number of 0.571 and a Reynolds number of 159,000. Unsteady-Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations are solved with a mixture model to capture the free surface (Volume Of

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He, Ming, Wanhai Xu, Xifeng Gao, and Bing Ren. "SPH Simulation of Wave Scattering by a Heaving Submerged Horizontal Plate." International Journal of Ocean and Coastal Engineering 01, no. 02 (2018): 1840004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2529807018400043.

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Liu et al. [Liu, C., Huang, Z. & Chen, W. [2017] “A numerical study of a submerged horizontal heaving plate as a breakwater,” J. Coast. Res.33(4), 917–930.] numerically studied the wave scattering by a heaving submerged horizontal plate (SHP) within the framework of the potential flow theory. They presented the excellent performance of the heaving SHP on wave blocking, because the radiated wave induced by the heave response of plate is likely to neutralize the transmitted wave. As a further study, the present work simulates the wave–heaving SHP interaction using the smoothed particle hydro

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31

Chastel, Thibault, Kevin Botten, Nathalie Durand, and Nicole Goutal. "Bulk drag coefficient of a subaquatic vegetation subjected to irregular waves: Influence of Reynolds and Keulegan-Carpenter numbers." La Houille Blanche, no. 2 (April 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2020015.

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Seagrass meadows are essential for protection of coastal erosion by damping wave and stabilizing the seabed. Seagrass are considered as a source of water resistance which modifies strongly the wave dynamics. As a part of EDF R & D seagrass restoration project in the Berre lagoon, we quantify the wave attenuation due to artificial vegetation distributed in a flume. Experiments have been conducted at Saint-Venant Hydraulics Laboratory wave flume (Chatou, France). We measure the wave damping with 13 resistive waves gauges along a distance L = 22.5 m for the “low” density and L = 12.15 m for t

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32

Taha, Nesreen, Maged M. El-Feky, Atef A. El-Saiad, Martina Zelenakova, Frantisek Vranay, and Ismail Fathy. "Study of Scour Characteristics Downstream of Partially-Blocked Circular Culverts." Water 12, no. 10 (2020): 2845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102845.

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Debris accumulations upstream and through crossing hydraulic structures such as culverts cause the upstream water level and the downstream scour depth to increase, which can lead to structure failure. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of various inlet blockage ratios on culvert efficiency and scour hole depth. In a non-blocked case, various submergence ratios (S = 1.06, 1.33, 1.60, and 1.90) were tested with different discharge rates. In a blocked case, the effects of inlet blockage with various blockage ratios (Ar = 10%, 20%, and 30%) were seen as sediment blockage on t

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33

Zuo, Juanli, Fengchao Li, Ning Zhang, Denghui He, Wen Wang, and Jie Zhang. "Experimental Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Pneumatic Lifting Pump." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020388.

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A pneumatic lifting pump is used in sewage treatment, offshore oil production, and other fields because of its simple structure and strong practicability. In order to study its internal hydraulic characteristics and gas-liquid two-phase flow, this paper carries out experimental research on the influence of different air intake modes and riser diameters on the performance of a pneumatic lifting pump. The air-water two-phase flow pattern in the riser and motion characteristics of bubble formation at the nozzle are obtained by a high-speed camera. Through theoretical analysis, the theoretical mod

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34

Ting, Chao-Lung, and Ming-Chung Lin. "Generation of Harmonics by Non-Breaking Water Waves Over Permeable Submerged Breakwaters." Journal of Mechanics 20, no. 1 (2004): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100004044.

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ABSTRACTThis work examines the interesting phenomenon of the generation of harmonics by non-breaking waves over permeable submerged obstacles. Nine model geometries, each with six different porosities, from 0.421 to 0.912, were considered to examine the effects of model width, porosity, and submergence depth on harmonic generation. The results revealed coupled effects on harmonic generation. A modified Ursell number was proposed to analyze experimental data. Almost no harmonic generation occurs at a modified Ursell number of less than five and/or a model width to wavelength ratio of over 1.6.

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35

Esen, I. I. "Experimental Investigation of a Rectangular Airlift Pump." Advances in Civil Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/789547.

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Hydraulic performance of an airlift pump having a rectangular cross-section 20 mm × 80 mm was investigated through an experimental program. The pump was operated at six different submergence ratios and the liquid flow rate was measured at various flowrates of air injected. The effectiveness of the pump, defined as the ratio of the mass of liquid pumped to the mass of air injected, was determined as a function of the mass of air injected for different submergence ratios. Results obtained were compared with those for circular airlift pumps using an analytical model for circular pumps. Effectiven

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Issa, Hayder Mohammed. "Retracted: Prediction and optimization of volumetric power draw in an aerated and stirred vessel used in wastewater biological plant: a mathematical model developed by using central composite rotatable design analysis (CCRD)." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 3 (2016): 590–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.064.

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In this study, the volumetric power draw P/V was determined as a factor in designing and identifying the optimal condition a successful aeration for stirred wastewater biological treatment vessels. The study was performed to characterize the volumetric power draw in the aerated stirred vessels by optimizing the operation variables. The concerning factors were improved by conjugating stirring and aeration with efficient and economic volumetric power draw condition. The drawn volumetric power was tested and analyzed for three independent parameters; impellers rotation speed (100–200 rpm), turbin

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Hossain, Sajid, Tawhidur Rahman, and Md Mashud Karim. "Numerical prediction of free surface water wave for the flow around cambered hydrofoil." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 20, no. 3 (2023): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3329/jname.v20i3.70246.

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In this study, the implicit Finite Volume Method (FVM) based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are used to simulate the flow past a hydrofoil that is submerged in the vicinity of the free surface of water. To simulate the turbulent flow around the hydrofoil surface, realizable k-ε turbulence model is used. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is incorporated into the numerical simulation to capture the interface between water and air. The free surface wave generated by the stream around NACA 0012 hydrofoil is computed and compared with experimental results to validate the numeric

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Helal, Esam Eldeen Y. "EFFECT OF SUBMERGENCE RATIO OF PILE CAP ON SCOUR HOLE AT COMPLEX BRIDGE PIERS." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 37, no. 1 (2014): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.2014.66882.

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Tyvand, Peder A. "Impulsive Motion of a Wide Torus Submerged Below a Free Surface." Journal of Ship Research 41, no. 03 (1997): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1997.41.3.195.

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The impulsively starting motion of a torus submerged horizontally below a free surface is studied analytically, using a small-time expansion. The torus is assumed wide, i.e., the torus radius is much larger than its initial submergence depth. A quasi-two-dimensional theory is applied. Its accuracy is checked by comparing the first-order surface elevation with slender-body theory. The hydrodynamic force and torque are investigated in the first three orders of the small-time expansion. The ratio between the cross-section radius and submergence depth is arbitrary (between 0 and 1). The general mo

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Alasadi, Ali Abdul Mohsin Hasan, and Ahmed Khalid Habeeb. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation of an Airlift Pump with Conventional and Modified Air Injection Device." Journal of Engineering 23, no. 2 (2017): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.02.05.

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The effect of air injection device on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied numerically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90 (for conventional) to 22.5 (for modified). Continuity and Navier-Stokes equations in turbulent regime with an appropriate two-phase flow model (VOF) and turbulent model ( ) in two dimensions axisymmetry

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Alasadi, Ali Abdul Mohsin Hasan, and Ahmed Khalid Habeeb. "Analytical and Experimental Investigation for the Effect of Air Injection Angle on the Performance of Airlift Pump." Journal of Engineering 22, no. 12 (2016): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2016.12.08.

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The effect of air injection angle on the performance of airlift pump used for water pumping has been studied analytically and experimentally. An airlift pump of dimensions 42mm diameter and 2200 mm length with conventional and modified air injection device was considered. A modification on conventional injection device (normal air-jacket type) was carried out by changing injection angle from 90 (for conventional) to 45 and 22.5 (for modified). Continuity and one-dimensional momentum balance for the flow field with basic principle of two-phase flow and expressions of slip ratio and friction fac

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Farbiz, Pedram, Chonoor Abdi Chooplou, and Masoud Ghodsian. "The influence of submergence on scour at triangular piano key weirs." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 73, no. 1 (2025): 34–50. https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2025-0002.

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Abstract Abstract: This research investigates scour dynamics downstream of triangular piano key weirs (PKWs), which can cause significant channel bed erosion. The study analyzed scour effects under four discharge conditions and varying submergence ratios in fine gravel and medium gravel beds within a 10 m long, 0.75 m wide, and 0.80 m high channel. Findings reveal that 49.5% increase in the particle Froude number and a 54.2% decrease in submergence ratio in the fine gravel bed resulted in a 270% increase in maximum scour depth and a 114.2% increase in scour hole length. The scour depth in the

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Jin, Shaoxia, Xiaoyang Shen, and Mario Oertel. "Discharge Efficiency of an Innovative Composite Piano Key Weir." Water 17, no. 7 (2025): 921. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17070921.

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Climate-change-induced increases in extreme rainfall events necessitate the enhancement of discharge capacity in aging dam infrastructures. Piano Key Weirs (PKWs), with their compact footprint and efficient discharge performance, present a promising option for improving the discharge efficiency of existing spillways. This study introduces an innovative composite Piano Key Weir (CPKW), which integrates both rectangular and trapezoidal layouts. Numerical simulations were performed to systematically compare the flow field and discharge performance between conventional trapezoidal PKW and composit

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Kim, Seung Hwan, Chae Hoon Sohn, and Jun Young Hwang. "Effects of tube diameter and submergence ratio on bubble pattern and performance of air-lift pump." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 58 (January 2014): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2013.09.007.

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Golpira, Amir, Abul B. M. Baki, Haitham Ghamry, and Christos Katopodis. "Influence of boulder submergence ratio on local flow field: Implications for sediment and fish instream habitat." Ecological Engineering 193 (August 2023): 106997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.106997.

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Benhmidene, Ali, Bechir Chaouachi, and Slimane Gabsi. "Effect of operating conditions on the performance of the bubble pump of absorption-diffusion refrigeration cycles." Thermal Science 15, no. 3 (2011): 793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100601002b.

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The mathematical model will be able to predict the operated condition (required tube diameters, heat input and submergence ratio?.). That will result in a successful bubble pump design and hence a refrigeration unit. In the present work a one-dimensional two-fluid model of boiling mixing ammonia-water under constant heat flux is developed. The present model is used to predict the outlet liquid and vapor velocities and pumping ratio for different heat flux input to pump. The influence of operated conditions such as: ammonia fraction in inlet solution and tube diameter on the functioning of the

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Luo, Wenlong, Bo Huang, Yao Tang, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of Submerged Floating Tunnel under Regular Wave Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2022 (January 4, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4940091.

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A submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is considered an innovative alternative to conventional bridges and underground or immersed tunnels for passing through deep water. Assessment of hydrodynamic performance of SFT under regular wave loading is one of the important factors in the design of SFT structure. In this paper, a theoretical hydrodynamic model is developed to describe the coupled dynamic response of an SFT and mooring lines under regular waves. In this model, wave-induced hydrodynamic loads are estimated by the Morison equation for a moving object, and the simplified governing differentia

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Ouro, Pablo, Peter K. Stansby, and Tim Stallard. "Analysis of the kinetic energy recovery behind a tidal stream turbine for various submergence levels." International Marine Energy Journal 5, no. 3 (2022): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.265-272.

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Tidal turbines are commonly deployed at sea sites with water depths of up to 50 m to ease their deployment and quick maintenance operations. In these relatively shallow water depth conditions, the vertical expansion of tidal stream turbine wakes is restricted by the proximity of the rotor blades to the bottom bed and free-surface layer. These physical constrains can lead to changes in the flow mechanisms that drive momentum recovery behind the turbines, e.g. limiting the vertical fluxes of velocity. Understanding how the wake recovers depending on the submergence ratio is of utmost importance

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Tighzert, Hamid, Malek Brahimi, Nassima Kechroud, and Farida Benabbas. "Effect of submergence ratio on the liquid phase velocity, efficiency and void fraction in an air-lift pump." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 110 (October 2013): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2013.08.047.

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Yang, Xu-Jian, Zhihong Xu, and Hong Shen. "Drying–submergence alternation enhanced crystalline ratio and varied surface properties of iron plaque on rice (Oryza sativa) roots." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 4 (2017): 3571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0509-x.

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