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Journal articles on the topic 'Submicrocrystalline'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Salishchev, Gennady A., Sergey V. Zherebtsov, Svetlana Malysheva, A. Smyslov, E. Saphin, and N. Izmaylova. "Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy with Submicrocrystalline Structure Produced by Multiaxial Forging." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.783.

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A comparative investigation of mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy with coarse-grained (400 m), microcrystalline (10 µm) and submicrocrystalline (0.4 µm) structures in the temperature range 20–500°C has been carried out. The submicrocrystalline structure was obtained by multiaxial isothermal forging. The alloys with the coarse-grained and microcrystalline structures were used in a heat-strengthened condition. The microstructure refinement increases both the strength and fatigue limit of the alloy at room temperature by about 20%. The strength of the submicrocrystalline alloy is higher than that of the microcrystalline alloy in the range 20 - 400°C. Long-term strength of the submicrocrystalline specimens below 300°C is also considerably higher than that of the other conditions. However, the creep strength of the submicrocrystalline alloy is slightly lower than that of the heat-strengthened microcrystalline alloy already at 250°C. The impact toughness in submicrocrystalline state is lower especially in the samples with introduced cracks. Additional surface modification of submicrocrystalline alloy by ion implantation gives a considerable increase in the fatigue limit. Advantages of practical application of submicrocrystalline titanium alloys produced by multiaxial isothermal forging have been evaluated.

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2

Бетехтин, В. И., А. Г. Кадомцев, М. В. Нарыкова, О. В. Амосова, Ю. Р. Колобов, V. Sklenicka, and J. Dvorak. "Влияние структурного состояния и оксидного покрытия на механостабильность титана ВТ1-0 при его циклическом нагружении." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 11 (2021): 1901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.11.51595.109.

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It was found that the fatigue properties of submicrocrystalline titanium are significantly higher than those for its coarse-grained state. The application of the oxide coating leads to a slight increase in these properties for titanium with a submicrocrystalline and coarse-grained structure. Some features of fatigue fracture of submicrocrystalline and coarse-grained titanium are analyzed.

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3

Aleshin, A. N., Alex M. Arsenkin, and Sergey V. Dobatkin. "Study of Grain Growth Kinetics in Submicrocrystalline Armco-Iron." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.465.

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The paper is devoted to the problem of thermal stability of ultra-fine grained (submicrocrystalline) materials prepared by severe plastic deformation. A basis of the paper lies in a fact that there is practically no grain growth in submicrocrystalline materials when annealing temperature is less than 0.35Tm. Reasons of high thermal stability of submicrocrystalline materials at low temperatures are widely discussed in literature. One of them is the affect of triple junction drag on grain boundaries motion. During annealing at a low temperature triple junction drag controls microstructure evolution in submicrocrystalline materials, and this phenomenon can be used to improve their thermal stability at high temperatures. The aim of this paper is to investigate grain growth kinetics in a two-step regime, low temperature and high temperature annealing. The experiments on grain growth were performed in submicrocrystalline Armco-iron fabricated by high pressure torsion. It is established that long-time low temperature pre-annealing reduces the grain growth rate in following high temperature annealing by a factor greater than two.

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4

Grabovetskaya, Galina P., Ekaterina N. Stepanova, Ilya V. Ratochka, I. P. Mishin, and Olga V. Zabudchenko. "Effect of Hydrogen on the Development of Superplastic Deformation in the Submicrocrystalline Ti–6Al–4V Alloy." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.344.

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Hydrogenation effect on the development of superplastic deformation in the submicrocrystalline Ti–6Al–4V alloy at temperatures (0.4–0.5)Тmelt is investigated. Hydrogenation of the submicrocrystalline Ti–6Al–4V alloy to 0.26 mass% during superplastic deformation is found to result in solid solution strengthening, plastic deformation localization, and as a consequence, decrease of the deformation to failure. Possible reasons for the decrease of the flow stress and increase of the deformation to failure in the submicrocrystalline Ti–6Al–4V–0.26H alloy during deformation under conditions of superplasticity and simultaneous hydrogen degassing from the alloy are discussed.

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5

Popov, Vladimir V., Ruslan Valiev, E. N. Popova, A. V. Sergeev, A. V. Stolbovsky, and V. U. Kazihanov. "Structure and Properties of Grain Boundaries in Submicrocrystalline W Obtained by Severe Plastic Deformation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.629.

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Submicrocrystalline structure of W obtained by severe plastic deformation (SPD) by high pressure torsion (5 revolutions of anvils at 4000C) and its thermal stability have been examined by TEM. Grain boundaries of submicrocrystalline W have been studied by the method of the emission Mössbauer spectroscopy in the initial state and after annealing at 400-6000С.

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6

Dudarev, Evgenii, Galina Bakach, Aleksandr I. Potekaev, Yurii Kolobov, Oleg Kashin, and Mickle Zhorovkov. "Influence of Interstitial Impurities on Deformational Behavior and Fracture Mechanism of Submicrocrystalline Titanium at Room and Elevated Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 1013 (October 2014): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1013.138.

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General trends and other aspects of the deformational behavior, localization of plastic deformation on the macroscale level, and fracture of submicrocrystalline and coarse-grained titanium with different interstitial impurity levels are established. It is shown that for the submicrocrystalline structure as well as for the coarse-grained structure, strengthening by interstitial impurities decreases with increase of the deformation temperature. Experimental data are presented which indicate that in the development of grain-boundary sliding in submicrocrystalline titanium with simultaneous onset of recrystallization, a high degree of plastic deformation is reached before fracture occurs, where the deformational behavior and localization of plastic deformation on the macroscale level are analogous to the same processes under superplastic flow.

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7

Klimenov, Vasilii A., Anatolii A. Klopotov, Yu A. Abzaev, K. A. Kurgan, and Yu A. Vlasov. "Electron-Beam Welding - Structural-Phase State and Microhardnes in the Weld Zone in a Submicrocrystalline Titanium Alloy Grade2." Materials Science Forum 906 (September 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.906.32.

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The paper presents the results of the X-ray diffraction analysis of structural-phase states in the weld zone of a titanium alloy Grade2 in micro-and submicrocrystalline states. It is established that the structural-phase state in the weld zone and in the heat-affected zone depends on the state of samples of the alloy Grade2 before welding. It is shown that formation process of metastable phases ω-Ti and α′′-Ti occurs in the submicrocrystalline state in the alloy Grade2 in the weld zone and in the heat-affected zone. Investigations of the features of the microhardness distribution in the weld zone in alloys Grade2 in micro-and submicrocrystalline states are carried out. Different character of microhardness distributions in the weld zone in the samples depending on the structural-phase state of welded plates made of alloy Grade2 is determined.

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8

Kolobov, Yu R., M. B. Ivanov, S. S. Manokhin, and E. Erubaev. "Recrystallization behavior of submicrocrystalline titanium." Inorganic Materials 52, no. 2 (February 2016): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168516020072.

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9

Mulyukov, R. R. "Internal friction of submicrocrystalline metal." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 40, no. 8 (August 1998): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02466223.

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10

Kurgan, K. A., Vasily A. Klimenov, Anatolii A. Klopotov, Yurii A. Abzaev, Aleksandr I. Potekaev, Dmitry V. Lychagin, and M. R. Marzol. "Weakly Stable Structural-Phase States of a Submicrocrystalline Alloy Grade 2 in the Weld Zone Obtained Using Electron-Beam Welding." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 30 (January 2018): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.30.60.

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The structural-phase state of weld joints of the samples of Grade 2 alloys with micro- and submicrocrystalline structure is studied using methods of X-ray diffraction analysis. The weld joint was obtained by joining plates with a thickness of 2 mm using the electron-beam welding method. It is established that the transfer of the titanium alloy Grade 2 from the microcrystalline state into the submicrocrystalline state during the process of gradual grinding of grains in the samples by the abc-pressing method at a parallel stepwise decrease of the temperature in the range of 750-500 °C leads to an intensive introduction of oxygen atoms into the crystalline lattice of the solid solution a-Ti. The presence of an increased content of oxygen atoms in the crystalline lattice of the solid solution a-Ti in the submicrocrystalline state in the Grade 2 alloy in the weld zone and in the heat-affected zone promotes the formation of metastable phases w-Ti and α''-Ti. The obtained results made it possible to assume that in the process of electron-beam welding in the Grade 2 alloy in the submicrocrystalline state, an increased concentration of interstitial oxygen atoms in the crystalline lattice of the solid solution based on a–Ti plays a significant role in the formation of a wide range of structural-phase states in the weld zone and in the heat-affected zone.

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11

Ko, Y. G., Y. G. Kim, S. Namgung, Dong Hyuk Shin, and Sung Hak Lee. "Dynamic Deformation of Submicrocrystalline Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1006.

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In this study, dynamic deformation behavior of submicrocrystalline aluminum alloy was established with respect to equal-channel angular (ECA) pressing routes such as A, B, and C. After 8-pass ECA pressings, the deformed samples, regardless of the routes applied, were consisted of ultrafine grains together with high dislocation density near the boundaries. Microstructural observation revealed that the sample deformed via route B showed more diffused diffraction pattern than those deformed via route A and C, suggesting the fact that route B was most effective for a rapid evolution in the grain boundary orientation from low-angle to high-angle characteristics. In the torsion tests, the shear stress decreased once reaching the maximum point. This maximum was the highest in the sample deformed via route B, and decreased in the order of the route C and route A. The dynamic deformation was explained based on microstructural uniformity associated with ECA pressing routes.

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12

Imayev, Renat M., Gennady A. Salishchev, M. R. Shagiev, V. M. Imayev, N. K. Gabdullin, A. V. Kuznetsov, O. N. Senkov, and F. H. Froes. "Low-Temperature Superplasticity of Submicrocrystalline Intermetallics." Materials Science Forum 304-306 (February 1999): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.304-306.195.

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13

Brodova, I. G., and A. N. Petrova. "Dynamic Properties of Submicrocrystalline Aluminum Alloys." Physics of Metals and Metallography 119, no. 13 (December 2018): 1342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x18130033.

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14

Danilov, V. I., L. B. Zuev, I. O. Bolotina, and A. A. Zagumennyi. "Localization of macrodeformation in submicrocrystalline titanium." Physics of Metals and Metallography 106, no. 3 (September 2008): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x08090111.

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15

Mulyukov, Kh Ya, G. F. Korznikova, and I. Z. Sharipov. "Giant Magnetostriction Behaviour of Submicrocrystalline Terbium." physica status solidi (a) 161, no. 2 (June 1997): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-396x(199706)161:2<493::aid-pssa493>3.0.co;2-d.

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16

Zrník, Jozef, Sergey V. Dobatkin, and Libor Kraus. "Influence of Thermal Condition of ECAP on Microstructure Evolution in Low Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.611.

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Commercial low carbon steel AISI 1010 was subjected to Equal Angular Channel Pressing (ECAP) at different temperatures. The paper describes the refinement of the coarse grained ferrite microstructure to submicrocrystalline range by large plastic strain. The steel was deformed in an ECAP tool with a channel angle φ = 90°, at different temperature in the ranging between 150 – 300°C. The number of passes at each temperature was N = 3. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the formation of substructure and ultrafine grains in the deformed specimens. The TEM study reveals that at the lowest ECAP temperature of 150°C extensively elongated ferrite grains with dense dislocation network dominate in the structure. The randomly scattered polygonized subgrains have been observed. The activation of dynamic recovery process, even at the lowest temperature of equal channel pressing, contributed to the formation of individual polygonized grains. As the temperature of ECAP processing was increased the process of dynamic polygonization and recrystallization occurred more effectively and the submicrocrystalline structure was formed by sectioning of elongated ferrite grains. The formation of such predominant submicrocrystalline structure resulted in strength increase of the low carbon steel.

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17

Nikulin, Sergey A., V. G. Khanzhin, Sergey V. Dobatkin, Valerij V. Zakharov, V. I. Kopylov, T. D. Rostova, and S. A. Rogachev. "Study of Deformation and Fracture of Submicrocrystalline Aluminum Alloys by Acoustic Emission Method." Materials Science Forum 584-586 (June 2008): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.584-586.870.

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The deformation and fracture of submicrocrystalline aluminum Al-6%Mg and Al- 6.1%Mg-0.3%Sc-0.1%Zr alloys after severe plastic deformation (SPD) by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) as well as the same convenient alloys were investigated by acoustic emission (AE) method. ECAP resulted in predominantly submicrocrystalline structure with high angle grain boundaries and grain sizes ~ 100-400 nm in Al-6.1%Mg-0.3%Sc-0.1%Zr alloy and ~ 300-700 nm in Al-6%Mg alloy. The AE measurements carried out during material tension tests give new information regarding the processes deformation and fracture in materials and, together with the methods of microstructure, phase and fractography analysis.

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18

Abdelrahim, H., HB Mohamed, Peiqing La, Wei Fuma, Fuling Ma, and Zhengning Li. "Effect of multiple warm rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel prepared by aluminothermic reaction." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (May 2020): 168781401985099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019850998.

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304 stainless steels were prepared by aluminothermic reaction method; first steels are annealed at 1000°C and then rolled at 700°C for different deformation. The microstructures evolution and mechanical properties were distinguished in details. It was found that the steel contains nanocrystalline/submicrocrystalline/microcrystalline austenite and submicrocrystalline ferrite. After rolling to a thickness reduction of 30%, 50%, and 70%, the mechanical properties of the rolled steels were substantially increased, as the deformation increased from 30% to 50%, the tensile strength increased from 650 to 1110 MPa, the yield strength increased from 400 to 665 MPa, and the elongation increased from 8% to 8.5%.

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19

Tikhonova, Marina, Valeriy Dudko, Andrey Belyakov, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "The Formation of Submicrometer Scale Grains in a Super304H Steel during Multiple Compressions at 700°C." Materials Science Forum 667-669 (December 2010): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.667-669.565.

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The deformation behavior and the microstructure evolution in a 304-type austenitic stainless steel were studied in multiple forging tests at temperature of 700°C. The flow stresses increased to its maximum value with straining to about 1 and, then, slightly decreased resulting in a steady state deformation behavior at strains above 3. The structural changes were characterized by the development of a spatial net of deformation subboundaries, the misorientations of which increased to the values typical of conventional grain boundaries. The number of ultrafine grains increased with straining, leading to development of submicrocrystalline structure. The fraction of submicrocrystalline structure composed of ultrafine grains with an average size of about 300 nm exceeded 0.7 after straining to 2.

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20

Kurgan, Kirill, Vasily Klimenov, Anatoly Klopotov, Sergey Gnyusov, Yuri Abzaev, Alexander Potekaev, and Mikhail Marzol. "Features of the structural phase state of a weld produced by electron-beam welding in the submicrocrystalline grade 2 titanium alloy." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814303011.

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This paper presents the results of structural studies for a welded joint of the Grade 2 titanium alloy in submicrocrystalline and microcrystalline states produced by electron beam welding when joining 2-mm-thick plates. Microhardness distribution patterns of the Grade-2 titanium alloy in micro- and submicrocrystalline states are identified in the weld zone and heat-affected zone. These patterns reflect a difference in structural phase states. It is assumed that one of the key factors affecting both the structural state and microhardness distribution in the weld zone and heat-affected zone during electron-beam welding is high concentration of oxygen atoms embedded into the crystal lattice of α–Ti-based solid solution.

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21

Belyakov, Andrey, Zhanna Yanushkevich, Marina Tikhonova, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "On Regularities of Grain Refinement through Large Strain Deformation." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.314.

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The recent studies on grain refinement in austenitic stainless steels during large strain deformations are critically reviewed. The paper is focused on the mechanism of structural changes that is responsible for the development of submicrocrystalline structures that can be interpreted as continuous dynamic recrystallization developing under conditions of warm working. The final grain size that is attainable by large strain warm working can be expressed by a power law function of temperature compensated strain rate with an exponent of about -0.15. The development of submicrocrystalline structures is assisted by the deformation microbanding and dynamic recovery, which are characterized by opposite temperature dependencies. The grain refinement kinetics, therefore, are characterized by a weak temperature dependence for a wide range of warm working conditions.

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22

Tikhonova, Marina, Nariman Enikeev, Ruslan Z. Valiev, Andrey Belyakov, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "Submicrocrystalline Austenitic Stainless Steel Processed by Cold or Warm High Pressure Torsion." Materials Science Forum 838-839 (January 2016): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.838-839.398.

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The formation of submicrocrystalline structure during severe plastic deformation and its effect on mechanical properties of an S304H austenitic stainless steel with chemical composition of Fe – 0.1C – 0.12N – 0.1Si – 0.95Mn – 18.4Cr – 7.85Ni – 3.2Cu – 0.5Nb – 0.01P – 0.006S (all in mass%) were studied. The severe plastic deformation was carried out by high pressure torsion (HPT) at two different temperatures, i.e., room temperature or 400°C. HPT at room temperature or 400°C led to the formation of a fully austenitic submicrocrystalline structure. The grain size and strength of the steels with ultrafine-grained structures produced by cold or warm HPT were almost the same. The ultimate tensile strengths were 1950 MPa and 1828 MPa after HPT at room temperature and 400°C, respectively.

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23

Popov, Vladimir V., Galina P. Grabovetskaya, A. V. Sergeev, and I. P. Mishin. "Structure, Thermal Stability and Properties of Grain Boundaries of Submicrocrystalline Mo Obtained by Severe Plastic Deformation." Defect and Diffusion Forum 326-328 (April 2012): 674–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.326-328.674.

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The structure of submicrocrystalline Mo, obtained by high pressure torsion, its thermal stability and the state of grain boundaries have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and emission Mössbauer spectroscopy.

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24

Ko, Young Gun, Chong Soo Lee, and Dong Hyuk Shin. "Deformation characteristics of submicrocrystalline Ti–6Al–4V." Scripta Materialia 58, no. 12 (June 2008): 1094–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.011.

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25

Mulyukov, Kh Ya, G. F. Korznikova, I. Z. Sharipov, and S. A. Nikitin. "Magnetic properties of terbium with submicrocrystalline structure." Nanostructured Materials 8, no. 7 (October 1997): 953–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(98)00010-5.

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26

Mulyukov, Radik R., Hans Eckhardt Schaefer, M. Weller, and D. A. Salimonenko. "Internal Friction and Superplasticity of Submicrocrystalline Metal." Materials Science Forum 170-172 (October 1994): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.170-172.159.

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27

Salishchev, Gennady A., R. M. Galeyev, S. P. Malisheva, and Oleg R. Valiakhmetov. "Low Temperature Superplasticity of Submicrocrystalline Titanium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 243-245 (November 1996): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.243-245.585.

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28

Kolobov, Yu R., G. P. Grabovetskaya, I. V. Patochka, and K. V. Ivanov. "Creep and diffusion parameters in submicrocrystalline metals." Russian Physics Journal 41, no. 3 (March 1998): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02766422.

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29

Voronova, L. M., T. I. Chashchukhina, and M. V. Degtyarev. "Recrystallization Texture of Submicrocrystalline Niobium after Annealing." Physics of Metals and Metallography 119, no. 9 (September 2018): 880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x18090156.

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30

Voronova, L. M., M. V. Degtyarev, and T. I. Chashchukhina. "Recrystallization Kinetics of Niobium with Submicrocrystalline Structure." Physics of Metals and Metallography 120, no. 10 (October 2019): 949–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x19100144.

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31

Dobatkin, Sergey V., Gennady A. Salishchev, A. A. Kuznetsov, and T. N. Kon'kova. "Submicrocristalline Structure in Copper after Different Severe Plastic Deformation Schemes." Materials Science Forum 558-559 (October 2007): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.189.

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The structure and properties of oxygen-free copper (99,98%) were studied after different types of severe plastic deformation (SPD): equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), multiaxial deformation (MD), and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) as a function of the strain at room temperature (to a true strain of 30-40). The SPD facilitates the formation of submicrocrystalline structure with a grain size of 200-250 nm and predominantly high angle boundaries (83-94%). ECA pressing leads to the formation of the most uniform submicrocrystalline structure.The strength characteristics increase with increasing strain and reach the steady stage at ε ≈ 5. At the steady stage, UTS = 460-480 MPa at ARB, and MD, while UTS at ECAP is somewhat lower, 430-440 MPa. The smallest "steady" values EL = 4 - 5% were obtained in the case of ARB, and the maximum EL = 18% was obtained at MD.

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32

Korshunov, A. V. "Influence of Structure and Dispersivity of Copper on its Melting Features." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.269.

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The melting parameters (melting point, specific heat of fusion) of copper samples with different volume structure (fine-grained, submicrocrystalline) and dispersivity (fine powder) were explored using differential thermal analysis. It was found that change in the metal structure from bulk coarse-grained to submicrocrystalline, and to submicron powders led to depression of melting point by ~18 °C and of specific heat of fusion by ~45 % relative to the standard values. It was shown that the high-energy impact on the starting coarse-grained metal used to obtain the samples with modified structure and dispersivity (severe plastic deformation, electric explosion of thin wires) caused changes in the composition of the material. An explanation for the observed influence of structure and dispersion factors on the melting parameters has been proposed on the basis of X-ray diffraction data, electron microscopy, and model calculations.

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33

Колобов, Ю. Р., С. С. Манохин, Г. В. Одинцова, В. И. Бетехтин, А. Г. Кадомцев, and М. В. Нарыкова. "Исследование влияния обработки лазерными импульсами наносекундной длительности на структуру субмикрокристаллического титана." Письма в журнал технической физики 47, no. 14 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2021.14.51182.18754.

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The microstructure of a thin subsurface layer of VT1-0 titanium alloy samples in the initial submicrocrystalline state after exposure to nanosecond laser pulses has been studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (with the possibility of X-ray microanalysis).

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34

Kolobov, Yu R., Galina P. Grabovetskaya, K. Ivanov, M. A. Ivanov, and Evgeny V. Naydenkin. "Diffusion and Plasticity of Submicrocrystalline Metals and Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 94 (June 2003): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.94.35.

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35

Rempel, Al, and S. Z. Nazarova. "Magnetic Properties of Iron Nanoparticles in Submicrocrystalline Copper." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 1 (March 1999): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.1.217.

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36

Valitov, Vener, Rustam Kaibyshev, and N. Gajnutdinova. "Development of Equilibrium Submicrocrystalline Structure in Superalloy MA754." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 8 (May 2000): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.8.779.

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37

Rempel, Al, and S. Z. Nazarova. "Magnetic Properties of Iron Nanoparticles in Submicrocrystalline Copper." Materials Science Forum 307 (March 1999): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.307.217.

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38

Valitov, Vener, Rustam Kaibyshev, and N. Gajnutdinova. "Development of Equilibrium Submicrocrystalline Structure in Superalloy MA754." Materials Science Forum 343-346 (May 2000): 779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.343-346.779.

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39

Korznikova, G. F., Kh Ya Mulyukov, I. Z. Sharipov, and L. A. Syutina. "Structure peculiarities and magnetic properties of submicrocrystalline terbium." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 203, no. 1-3 (August 1999): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00220-6.

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40

Kardashev, B. K., V. I. Betekhtin, and M. V. Narykova. "Elastoplastic properties of microand submicrocrystalline metals and alloys." Technical Physics 60, no. 12 (December 2015): 1829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784215120063.

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41

Perevezentsev, V. N., A. S. Pupynin, and A. E. Ogorodnikov. "Nanopore Evolution Kinetics during Annealing of Submicrocrystalline Materials." Technical Physics 63, no. 10 (October 2018): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784218100171.

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42

Valitov, Vener, Gennady A. Salishchev, and Shamil Kh Mukhtarov. "Superplasticity of Nickel-Based Alloys with Submicrocrystalline Structure." Materials Science Forum 243-245 (November 1996): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.243-245.557.

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Myshlyaev, M. M., and S. Yu Mironov. "On the mechanism of deformation in submicrocrystalline titanium." Physics of the Solid State 44, no. 4 (April 2002): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1470568.

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44

Voronova, L. M., M. V. Degtyarev, and T. I. Chashchukhina. "Thermal stability of submicrocrystalline structure in 4Kh14N14V2M steel." Physics of Metals and Metallography 109, no. 2 (February 2010): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x10020055.

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45

Tokiy, N. V., V. V. Tokiy, A. N. Pilipenko, and N. E. Pismenova. "Temperature dependence of elastic moduli of submicrocrystalline copper." Physics of the Solid State 56, no. 5 (May 2014): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378341405031x.

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Rempel, A. A., A. I. Gusev, R. R. Mulyukov, and N. M. Amirkhanov. "Microstructure, microhardness and magnetic susceptibility of submicrocrystalline palladium." Nanostructured Materials 7, no. 6 (August 1996): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-9773(96)00031-1.

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47

Lebedev, A. B., Yu A. Burenkov, A. E. Romanov, V. I. Kopylov, V. P. Filonenko, and V. G. Gryaznov. "Softening of the elastic modulus in submicrocrystalline copper." Materials Science and Engineering: A 203, no. 1-2 (November 1995): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(95)09868-2.

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48

Imayev, R. M., V. M. Imayev, and G. A. Salishchev. "Formation of submicrocrystalline structure in TiAl intermetallic compound." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 16 (January 1, 1992): 4465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00541580.

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Koneva, Nina, Eduard Kozlov, N. A. Popova, and M. V. Fedorischeva. "Effect of Grain Size on Defects Density and Internal Stresses in Sub-Microcrystals." Materials Science Forum 633-634 (November 2009): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.605.

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Abstract:

The paper is devoted to research of an influence of average grains size on scalar dislocation density, fraction of geometrically necessary dislocations, internal stresses and bending- torsion of crystal lattice. Polycrystals of submicrocrystalline copper produced by torsion under hydrostatic pressure were investigated by TEM method.

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50

Shakhova, Iaroslava, Andrey Belyakov, and Rustam Kaibyshev. "Kinetics of Submicrocrystalline Structure Formation in a Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy during Large Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1749.

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Abstract:

The grain refinement and kinetics of submicrocrystalline structure formation in a Cu-0.3%Cr - 0.5%Zr alloy during large plastic deformation were investigated. The fraction of high-angle boundaries and the fraction of ultrafine grains were used to estimate the kinetics of grain refinement and submicrocrystalline structure evolution during large plastic deformation. The multidirectional forging (MDF), equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), and high pressure torsion (HPT) were used as methods of large plastic deformation. Comparative analysis showed that the grain refinement process occurred faster during HPT and MDF in comparison with ECAP. The fraction of ultrafine grains achieved almost 1 after 3 HPT turns and after MDF to the total strain of 4; while the one reached only 0.29 after 4 ECAP passes. The modified Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov equation could be applied to determine the kinetics of grain refinement in copper alloy during large plastic deformation as a function of true strain.

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