Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subsequent Sealing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Subsequent Sealing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subsequent Sealing"

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Schwimmer, Yair, Nurit Beyth, Diana Ram, Eitan Mijiritsky, and Esti Davidovich. "Laser Tooth Preparation for Pit and Fissure Sealing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 26, 2020): 7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217813.

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Objectives: Various approaches are available for pit and fissure sealing, including: the use of sealants, with or without mechanical preparation; the use of etching, with or without bonding; and the use of lasers as an alternative to mechanical preparation. The objective of this study is to evaluate pit and fissure sealing by comparing the retention and microleakage of sealants, between mechanical and Er:Yag laser enamel preparation. Methods: Sixty extracted sound third molars are classified into six groups: A, bur mechanical preparation and sealant application; B, bur mechanical preparation, etching and sealant; C, bur mechanical preparation, etching, bonding and sealant; D, laser mechanical preparation and sealant; E, laser mechanical preparation, etching and sealant application; F, laser mechanical preparation, etching, bonding, and sealant. Statistical analysis methods include Fisher’s exact test, a general linear model for one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of multiple comparisons, and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests. Results: All the groups showed dye microleakage beneath the sealants. Less microleakage was observed for those that used bur rather than laser, 41 versus 44 specimens, respectively. The number of specimens without microleakage decreased as follows: group E (24), group A (18), groups B and F (17), group C (14), and group D (5). Retention was 100% in all groups except group D. Conclusion: Mechanical preparation increases retention of sealants, especially when etching material is used; additionally, bonding can help the retention. The best technique is mechanical preparation via laser and subsequent use of etching, without bonding prior to application of the dental sealant.
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Lugscheider, E., P. Jakiel, V. Messerschmidt, and G. Beckschulte. "Subsequent sealing of thermally sprayed coatings to increase corrosion resistance." Surface Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sur.1994.10.1.46.

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Cao, Qingchen, Guofei Sun, Xing Wang, Fei Yang, Licheng Zhang, and Decheng Wu. "Bioinspired self-degradable hydrogels towards wound sealing." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 10 (2021): 3645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00420d.

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A self-degradable hydrogel was developed as a medical adhesive for skin wounds. The rapid gelation and self-degradation of the hydrogel were achieved via the Michael addition and subsequent hydrolysis of the addition product.
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Chen, S. C., and K. Vafai. "An Experimental Investigation of Free Surface Transport, Bifurcation, and Adhesion Phenomena as Related to a Hollow Glass Ampule and a Metallic Conductor." Journal of Heat Transfer 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911343.

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An experimental investigation of free surface transport and subsequent bifurcation and adhesion for a hollow glass ampule is presented in this work. Detailed phenomenological features of the process are displayed and discussed. This experimental investigation, which is generic in nature, provides the much needed phenomenological information on free surface transport, glass processing as related to optical fiber production, and glass-to-metal sealing processes. Detailed images of the actual sealing process provide valuable information on identifying and isolating the key regimes in the process and mapping out process defects, and contribute to a basic understanding of the physical mechanisms involved in the sealing process.
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Sundfeld, Renato Herman, Theodore P. Croll, Silvio José Mauro, André Luiz Fraga Briso, Rodrigo Sversut de Alexandre, and Maria Lúcia Marçal Mazza Sundefeld. "Longitudinal photographic observation of the occurrence of bubbles in pit and fissure sealants." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000100006.

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The purpose of this study was to employ photographic evaluation to observe the presence or absence of bubbles in pit and fissure sealants Concise and Prisma Shield, at 7 days, 18 months, 36 months and 11 years after accomplishment of treatment. METHODS: A hematoxylin-based staining solution was applied to the occlusal surface at the study periods, which allowed assessment of the sealing material on the surface. All occlusal surfaces were photographed and the photographs corresponding to each period were subjected to photographic evaluation. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference only at 18 months, with a significantly higher number of specimens with bubbles for the Prisma Shield sealant compared to the Concise, whereas the groups were similar at all other study periods. On the other hand, separate analysis of subsequent periods of the sealants did not reveal any significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the present longitudinal investigation, it may be concluded that the sealing materials showed that bubbles came into and went out with time. However, this fact did not interfere with its clinical purpose, provided the remaining material covers the expected region of pits and fissures.
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Abdulzhalilov, M. K., A. M. Abdulzhalilov, and M. R. Imanaliyev. "An Effective Way to Prevent Depressurization of Carboxyperitoneum and Extraperitoneal Insufflation During Simultaneous Laparoscopic Interventions." Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 9, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2020-1-21-26.

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ABSTRACT. Laparoscopic simultaneous surgery (LSS) in patients with multisystem abdominal organs lesion is accompanied by ports’ re-installation for subsequent surgical intervention. Preserved trocar wounds (PTWs) pass carbon dioxide from the abdominal cavity, increasing its consumption and causing depressurization of the carboxyperitoneum. The incidence of extraperitoneal insufflation during laparoscopy varies from 0.43 to 2% (I.V. Vartanova et al., 2016). The presence of many methods of sealing PTWs indicates their inefficiency.AIM OF STUDY. To develop an easy-to-use, more reliable and effective way of sealing PTWs.RESULTS. As a result, a comparative evaluation of known methods of sealing PTWs, we have developed an easy-to-use, more reliable and effective way of sealing PTWs «Method for sealing punctures of the abdominal wall after removing the trocar during a laparoscopic surgery» (patent RF for the invention № 2621121).DISCUSSION. This method was performed in 55 patients, in all cases it provided reliable PTWs tightness, allowed maintaining stable carboxyperitoneum during laparoscopic interventions, without increasing carbon dioxide consumption, which reduced the cost of LSS and prevented the development of both intraand postoperative complications. The uniqueness of this method is that PTW is sealed from the side of the abdominal cavity, preventing carbon dioxide from penetrating into either the preperitoneal or subcutaneous tissue.CONCLUSION. An increase in the number of patients with combined surgical pathology necessitates the use of the developed method for sealing punctures when moving trocars and neutralizing sub- and postoperative complications. In addition, this method allows to reduce carbon dioxide consumption.
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Tomczak, Kamil, Jacek Jakubowski, and Łukasz Kotwica. "Self-Sealing Process Evaluation Method Using Ultrasound Technique in Cement Composites with Mineral Additives." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2020): 3336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153336.

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The self-sealing process, associated with chemical and microstructural changes inside damaged cement-based composites, leads to the recovery of the original material integrity. Assessing the magnitude of internal changes in samples using non-destructive techniques to capture only the self-sealing effects is difficult. The challenge is evaluating the differences between subsequent observations in time and between samples with different properties. This paper proposes a new approach to the use of an ultrasonic technique for self-sealing investigation. The method allows the quantification of material changes strictly related to self-sealing processes, excluding changes caused by the naturally progressing hydration of binders. The applied ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) data processing procedure allows the investigation of material changes inside and near the cracks, the effects of stimulating the self-sealing of cement composites with mineral additives, and the assessment of changes over time. An important aspect of the method is the sample preparation procedure and testing conditions that reduce the impact of moisture content on the UPV measurements. New parameters allowing the quantitative characterization of the self-sealing process are proposed. The method was evaluated using cement mortars modified with siliceous fly ash with induced cracks 0 to 750 µm wide, which were then cured in water for 152 days. The maximum degree of effective crack filling as a result of autogenous self-sealing in the tested mortars was determined to range from 33% to 57%. Observations of the microstructure of the crack surface confirmed that apart from the volume of the newly formed products, the density of these products may have a key impact on the ultrasonic measurements of the self-sealing performance. The studies were supplemented by the examination of the compression strength of mortars, mortar sample scanning and computer image processing, and observations using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy.
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Kolodkina, V. I., and Armenak Valer'evich Arutyunov. "MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ENAMY, DENTINE OF TEETH AND COMPOSITE FORMING MATERIALS IN VITRO." Russian Journal of Dentistry 22, no. 4 (August 15, 2018): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2018-22-4-176-179.

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Solving the problem of increasing the effectiveness of treatment of diseases of hard tooth tissues is an urgent task not only for the dental community of doctors, but for dentistry in general. Provision of edge tightness and high adhesive bond of copolytic material with enamel and dentin to prevent the occurrence of micro-permeability of restoration for toxic agents and subsequent inflammation of pulp is one of the most urgent problems of therapeutic dentistry. Universal microhybrid composites used for sealing all groups of teeth were created in the last century, however, a number of important problems remain unresolved until now. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological structure of the enamel and dentin of the teeth before and after using restorative sealing materials with and without sealant coating. The data obtained as a result of the research allows us to estimate from the scientific point of view the changes in the micro-morphological structure of enamel and dentin at the points of contact with the composite material, accompanied by a decrease in the microhardness of the dentine on the background of unsatisfactory oral hygiene, increased consumption of soft and carbohydrate-rich foods, salivary capacity, as well as direct exposure of microorganisms and products of their vital activity to hard dental tissues.
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Pereira, Marlon Correa, Roisin O’Riordan, and Carly Stevens. "Urban soil microbial community and microbial-related carbon storage are severely limited by sealing." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1455–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02881-7.

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Abstract Purpose Urbanisation causes changes in land use, from natural or rural to urban, leading to the sealing of soil and the replacement of vegetation by buildings, roads and pavements. The sealing process impacts soil properties and services and can lead to negative consequences for microbial attributes and processes in soil. At present, information about the microbial community following soil sealing is limited. As such, we investigated how changes in soil physical and chemical properties caused by sealing affect the soil microbial community and soil ecosystem services. Material and methods Soils were sampled beneath impervious pavements (sealed) and from adjacent pervious greenspace areas (unsealed). Soil properties (total C, total N, C:N ratio and water content) and microbial attributes (microbial biomass C, N-mineralisation and phospholipid fatty acids—PLFA) were measured and correlated. Results and discussion A reduction of total C, total N, and water content were observed in sealed soil, whilst the C:N ratio increased. Sealed soil also presented a reduction in microbial attributes, with low N-mineralisation revealing suppressed microbial activity. PLFA data presented positive correlations with total C, total N and water content, suggesting that the microbial community may be reduced in sealed soil as a response to soil properties. Furthermore, fungal:bacterial and gram-positive:gram-negative bacterial ratios were lower in sealed soil indicating degradation in C sequestration and a consequential effect on C storage. Conclusions Sealing causes notable changes in soil properties leading to subsequent impacts upon the microbial community and the reduction of microbial activity and soil C storage potential.
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Ivanovs, Semjons, and Eduards Matisans. "ECOLOGICALLY SAFE TECHNOLOGIES OF GRASS FEED PRODUCTION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1969.

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The aim of the research was to find out the possibilities for reducing the prime cost of environmentally safe technologies fo the preparation of herbaceous fodder by improving technical means. During the recent years, on major individual and co? operative farms there is being introduced a perspective roll technology of processing wilted green grass with subsequent sealing of rolls m a flexible film. The advantages of the green grass processing technology with subsequent sealing of rolls in a flexible film are: - environmental safety o f the technology (exclusion of pollution with silo saps, absence o f odour nuisance, absence o f compounds m the feed that are detrimental to animals and formed during the common siloing, its low acidity); - considerably lower dependence of forage processing on weather conditions, complete mechanisation of engineering processes; - the forage can be processed in small quantities, and for its storage no specialised containers are needed, which is a valuable feature for small farms; - increased nutritive value and good gustative qualities providing a possibility of essential raising the yields of milk and its quality (retention of all nutrients and vitamins), insignificant losses of nutrients during the harvesting and storage period (not more than 10-15%).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subsequent Sealing"

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Brameshuber, Wolfgang, and Rebecca Mott. "Zwei Anwendungsbeispiele für Textilbeton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244049312729-95638.

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In dieser Veröffentlichung werden 2 Anwendungsbeispiele für Textilbeton vorgestellt, ein nachträgliches Abdichtungssystem sowie eine bauteilintegrierte Schalung. Teil 1: Da in vielen Regionen Deutschlands steigende Grundwasserspiegel zu verzeichnen sind und bestehende Gebäude, die nicht für den Belastungsfall „drückendes Wasser“ ausgelegt sind, mit einem tragfähigen nachträglichen Abdichtungssystem ertüchtigt werden müssen, wurde ein entsprechendes Abdichtungssystem aus Textilbeton entwickelt. Durch die Verwendung des Textilbetons ist es möglich, ein Abdichtungssystem mit einer geringen Bauteilstärke von 30 mm im Spritzverfahren herzustellen. Teil 2: Die bauteilintegrierte Schalung (BIS) aus Textilbeton nimmt während der Betonage den Frischbetondruck auf. Im Endzustand bildet sie die Bauteiloberfläche und kann Anforderungen hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit, Sichtbeton- und Oberflächenqualität sowie Oberflächenausbildung (Farbe, Struktur) erfüllen. BISElemente können werksmäßig wirtschaftlich und qualitativ hochwertig hergestellt werden.
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Books on the topic "Subsequent Sealing"

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Russell, Lynette. Procuring Passage. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037153.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the assumption that resource maritime labor was exclusively performed by men. It argues that in southeastern Australia the success and wealth produced by the sealing industry up to 1815 and the subsequent economic stability of European men was wholly dependent on Tasmanian pallawah or indigenous women's skills and expertise. Although there are estimates that there were as many as 200 Newcomer men involved in the industry, each man often had between three and five Aboriginal women working with him. In some years the islands yielded between ten and twenty thousand sealskins. Each hunting episode required the women to club the seal and drag it to the beach, where they would begin the butchering process. The women also developed useful skills in boat handling and other associated aspects of the industry.
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Book chapters on the topic "Subsequent Sealing"

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Pérez, Marta Aguilar, Victoria Hellstern, Muhammad AlMatter, Hansjörg Bäzner, and Hans Henkes. "Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: Incidental Tandem Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery; Periprocedural Rupture of a Temporal Artery Aneurysm During Coil Insertion; Sealing of the Rupture Site and Parent Vessel Occlusion with nBCA; Subsequent Coil Occlusion of an MCA Bifurcation Aneurysm Assisted by a pCONus1_HPC Device Under Mono-antiaggregation with ASA Only." In The Aneurysm Casebook, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70267-4_100-1.

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Aguilar Pérez, Marta, Victoria Hellstern, Muhammad AlMatter, Hansjörg Bäzner, and Hans Henkes. "Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: Incidental Tandem Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery; Periprocedural Rupture of a Temporal Artery Aneurysm During Coil Insertion; Sealing of the Rupture Site and Parent Vessel Occlusion with nBCA; Subsequent Coil Occlusion of an MCA Bifurcation Aneurysm Assisted by a pCONUS1 HPC Device Under Mono-antiaggregation with ASA Only." In The Aneurysm Casebook, 913–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77827-3_100.

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Dickinson, A. B. "Twentieth-Century Sealing on the Falkland Islands." In Seal Fisheries of the Falkland Islands and Dependencies, 113–28. Liverpool University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973893441.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the twentieth century sealing industry in the Falklands, paying particular attention to the Falklands Islands and Dependencies Sealing Company - established in 1928 - and their subsequent operation in the Falklands. It examines the company’s catch distribution; catch and production rates; and assets and liabilities in the 1920s and 1930s. It also explores the government’s role in twentieth-century sealing, noting the laudable attempts at re-establishing a stable industry, but that ultimately they made several major errors of judgement, such as basing quotas on outdated statistics. The conclusion identifies declining stock, poor demand, and high operating costs as key reasons for the failure of the Falkland Islands to establish a successful sealing industry in the twentieth century.
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Mott, R., and W. Brameshuber. "Subsequent sealing of buildings made of textile reinforced concrete." In Tailor Made Concrete Structures, 99. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828410.ch62.

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Conference papers on the topic "Subsequent Sealing"

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Hinzen, M. "Subsequent sealing of basements with a waterproof TRC construction." In ICTRC'2006 - 1st International RILEM Conference on Textile Reinforced Concrete. RILEM Publications SARL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580087.037.

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Chapman, Ian C., Nazri M. Nor, Kin-Seng Ng, Gordon Mackenzie, and Garry L. Garfield. "Wireline Deployed Metal Sealing Bridge Plug System: Operational Learning Curve and Subsequent Redevelopment." In SPE/ICoTA Coiled Tubing and Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/113891-ms.

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Sawae, Y., A. Yamaguchi, K. Nakashima, T. Murakami, and J. Sugimura. "Wear Behavior of Polymeric Sealing Material in Gaseous Hydrogen." In STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2008-71225.

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Wear behavior of polymeric sealing material sliding against austenitic stainless steel was evaluated within gaseous hydrogen atmosphere to ensure the durability and longevity of polymeric seals used in fuel cell vehicles and related hydrogen infrastructures. In this study, unfilled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was considered as a representative polymeric material for seals and its wear behavior was evaluated by using 3pin-on-disk wear tester coupled with the environmental test chamber. Results indicated that the specific wear rate of unfilled PTFE became significantly smaller in gaseous hydrogen compared with that in air. However, the specific wear rate further decreased in argon gas. Optical microscopy and XPS analysis of the disk specimen surface indicated that the wear behavior of PTFE highly depended on the transfer film formation on the sliding counterface. Notable influences of gaseous hydrogen on the formation process of PTFE transfer film and subsequent wear behavior could be postulated from XPS spectra.
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Johnson, Austin, Saravanan Sundaramoorthy, Kareem Ameen, Jess Nichols, Alex MacGregor, and Justin Fraczek. "Lessons Learned Using a Next Generation Active Sealing Device for Deepwater MPD Operations." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204110-ms.

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Abstract This paper shares results from the first year of deepwater operations using an active sealing device purpose built for deepwater Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). The active sealing device is a clean-sheet design approach. The first use of the system was performed in a narrow margin deepwater well in the Black Sea with subsequent wells in the Gulf of Mexico. This paper shares lessons learned from first year of operations. This paper discusses field operations, lessons learned, and post run evaluation of system performance. An overview of the design introduces system elements and briefly discusses system testing measures taken prior to field deployment. An overview of operations from the first year is provided, highlighting lessons learned, action items taken, and solutions implemented between wells. Analysis of the link between the testing and field results demonstrates the novel approach to testing and validity of assumptions made during the testing phase. Furthermore, methods of evaluating seal performance are discussed. The paper shares conclusions from the first year of active sealing device deployment. A non-rotating seal sleeve element design eliminates multiple high-wear rotating control device (RCD) components such as bearings and rotary seal as well as their associated failure modes.Redundant, active seal elements ensure wellbore seal quality throughout the seal assembly life.Active seal condition monitoring alerts the rig crew prior to failure to replace the seal assembly.Multi-modal seal control provides crew methods to reach total depth in contingency mode.Full-scale simulated drilling testing included the use of client equipment prior to first use.Testing procedures were designed to simulate drilling to mirror system use in a live well.First MPD well completed in 2019 in the Black Sea with subsequent wells in the Gulf of Mexico.Lessons learned from operations to applied in continuous improvement program.Novel approaches to assessing performance have been developed in order to provide consistent metrics.Learnings have been applied in subsequent wells to improve technology transfer to drilling contractors. The paper discusses other aspects of the program such as drilling contractor ownership vs. use of third (3rd) party systems, integration of the MPD equipment into the rig, and network architecture. Further, an algorithm has been developed to analyze system performance from electronic drilling recorder data to better characterize the effect of usage patterns of seal wear. These data demonstrate the validity of assumptions made during the development of the test procedures.
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Simonton, Julie L., and David W. Reeves. "Successful Sealing of Heat Exchangers Due to the Implementation of New Technology in a Gasket System." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71421.

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Research into the historical use and subsequent failure of double-jacketed type gaskets in heat exchangers has yielded the characteristics necessary for leak elimination and the realization that maintaining a seal cannot be achieved by gasket specification alone. An evaluation of the heat exchanger, stud load, tightening method, gasket specification, proper installation procedures, process conditions, as well as stud selection must each be carefully considered to consistently create an effective seal. This paper highlights field test data from a refinery on the differential thermal expansion of flanges and how the gasketed connection is affected. Laboratory test data, specifically Radial Shear Tightness Test, or Ra.S.T., data, which mimics the radial shearing effects on a gasket in a heat exchanger, as well as verifying the effects on the gaskets in the field, is also presented. The details of the new technology in a gasket system for heat exchangers, perfected in conjunction with Chevron and Lamons Gasket Company, will be presented along with its successful implementation at a major petrochemical refinery.
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Heck, John, Hanan Bar, Tsung-Kuan A. Chou, Quan Tran, Qing Ma, Boaz Weinfeld, and Valluri Rao. "A Stamp-Sealed Microshell Package for RF MEMS Switches." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33887.

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This paper describes a unique method of encapsulating MEMS switches at the wafer level using a thin-film “microshell” lid and a novel micro-embossing, or “stamping” technique to seal the lid. After fabrication of the MEMS switch and subsequent formation of the microshell, the switches are released through gold tunnels that allow the penetration of a chemical etchant. In a controlled ambient, a “stamp” wafer is aligned to the device wafer, and the wafers are thermally compressed together. This process applies pressure across each tunnel to fuse the gold, thereby sealing the microshell packages. By sealing and passivating the switches at the wafer level, the wafers can be exposed to backend processing, packaging, and assembly steps such as dicing without damaging the sensitive MEMS devices. Furthermore, the size, cost, and complexity of the packaged system are significantly reduced compared to standard wafer bonding processes.
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Jakoby, Ralf, Thomas Zierer, Klas Lindblad, Jonas Larsson, Laurent deVito, Dieter E. Bohn, Joachim Funcke, and Achim Decker. "Numerical Simulation of the Unsteady Flow Field in an Axial Gas Turbine Rim Seal Configuration." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53829.

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The fluid flow in gas turbine rim seals and the sealing effectiveness are influenced by the interaction of the rotor and the stator disk and by the external flow in the hot gas annulus. The resulting flow structure is fully 3-dimensional and time-dependant. The requirements to a sufficiently accurate numerical prediction for front and back cavity flows are discussed in this paper. The results of different numerical approaches are presented for an axial seal configuration. This covers a full simulation of the time-dependant flow field in a 1.5 stage experimental turbine including the main annulus and both rim cavities. This configuration is simplified in subsequent steps in order to identify a method providing the best compromise between a sufficient level of accuracy and the least computational effort. A comparison of the computed cavity pressures and the sealing effectiveness with rig test data shows the suitability of each numerical method. The numerical resolution of a large scale rotating structure that is found in the front cavity is a special focus of this study. The existence of this flow pattern was detected first by unsteady pressure measurements in test rig. It persists within a certain range of cooling air massflows and significantly affects the sealing behaviour and the cavity pressure distribution. This phenomenon is captured with an unsteady calculation using a 360 deg. computational domain. The description of the flow pattern is given together with a comparison to the measurements.
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Chraska, P., V. Brozek, B. J. Kolman, J. Ilavsky, K. Neufuss, J. Dubsky, and K. Volenik. "Porosity Control of Thermally Sprayed Ceramic Deposits." In ITSC 1998, edited by Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p1299.

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Abstract Porosity regulates the deposit's properties and therefore methods for its control are of a vital industrial importance. Thermal spraying can produce deposits in a wide range of porosities by selection of a spray process itself, by selection of spray parameters, feedstock size and chemistry, etc. Manufacturing of deposits with controlled porosity may be difficult if the selection of spray processes and materials is limited. Special methods of deposition or/and subsequent post processing may be therefore necessary. These methods are studied in the presented work. All spraying was done with the water-stabilized plasma (WSP®) system PAL 160. Thick deposits and free-standing parts were sprayed from alumina, zircon, metal Al and Ni powders and their combinations. Porosity was characterized by number of techniques such as gas permeability, water immersion, MIP, SEM and SANS. Mechanical properties were characterized by the Young's modulus. Special methods of deposition, such as spraying of mixtures of ceramics and metals were successfully used. Either sandwiched-structures with alternating layers of ceramics and metals were sprayed (for the sealing purpose) or mechanical mixtures of ceramic and metallic feedstock were sprayed. Several post-processing methods were used to change porosity volumes or other materials characteristics. To increase the porosity the metallic phases were subsequently removed by leaching or by annealing at temperatures above the melting point of metal. A number of sealing materials (organic and inorganic) were used to seal the pores by infiltration at ambient or higher pressures. The results show, that significant changes of porosity volume and, especially, of the gas permeability are possible. Another tested method was annealing/calcination of deposits, which resulted in an increase or decrease of porosity, depending on deposit's chemistry and annealing conditions. Results show that all used post processings are capable of significant changes of deposit microstructure and that they may be successfully applied in practice.
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Glahn, A., S. Busam, and S. Wittig. "Local and Mean Heat Transfer Coefficients Along the Internal Housing Walls of Aero Engine Bearing Chambers." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-261.

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A proper matching of the heat transfer to the lubrication oil in bearing chambers and subsequent vent and scavenge pipes is one of the major tasks in the design process of secondary air/lubrication oil systems of modern jet engines. For a calculation of lubrication oil flow rates, which should be kept as small as possible in order to reduce parasitic losses due to larger pumps, filters and coolers, a sufficient knowledge of all heat transfer phenomena involved in bearing chamber flows is required. Beside heat sources such as the bearing friction, the heated sealing air flow and the churning and ventilation of two-phase mixtures, the heat transfer at the housing walls has to be considered. The present paper deals with an experimental investigation of the latter effect based on engine relevant pressure and temperature levels bearing chamber operating conditions. Air/oil flow heat transfer measurements at the internal bearing chamber walls are described utilizing the temperature gradient method. It is a stationary technique based on a two-dimensional finite element calculation procedure. Influences of sealing air flow rate, lubrication oil flow rate and rotational speed on local heat transfer coefficients are discussed. Mean heat transfer coefficients that have been calculated from local data are presented in terms of operational parameters.
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10

Zierer, Thomas, Cyrille Bricaud, Marcos Escudero-Olano, Joshua McNally, and Afzal Pasha Mohammed. "Experimental Analyses of a Static to Static Flex Seal and a Honeycomb Seal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57397.

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Abstract:
Improvements in turbine performance are increasingly driven by the need to control leakage both in the main gas path as well as in the secondary air flow system. Seals for static to static interfaces have a wide usage in gas turbine for component interface locations and are becoming more important as engines reach higher temperature targets and compressor pressure ratios. Both flex and honeycomb seals have been used for many years during other OEM seal service upgrades. These seals are designed to be capable of sustaining low leakage operation whilst achieving long lifetimes. To determine the sealing capability of honeycomb and flex seals an advanced hydraulically actuated rig was designed and constructed. A series of leakage performance tests were carried out that accurately simulate engine conditions, including pressure and relative axial and radial movements. The results of these tests are compared against previously presented data on standard membrane seals. Compared to the membrane seal, the flex seal has approximately 60% lower equivalent clearance when tested with uneven (triangular) grooves. This reduction was due to the bending of the seal and subsequent closing of the seal gap under pressure. The flex and membrane seal performed similarly well under more nominal conditions. The honeycomb seal achieved a consistently low leakage under all pressure loadings. All three sealing types have their place in the required technology mix which is essential when aiming for maximized engine performance and lifetime.
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