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Academic literature on the topic 'Subsidences (géologie) – Simulation, Méthodes de'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subsidences (géologie) – Simulation, Méthodes de"
Fatahizadeh, Marieh. "Modelling of soil collapse induced by water infiltration : implications for foundation stability." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025STRAD003.
Full textThis thesis investigates the collapse mechanism and its effect on foundation settlement by implementing numerical and analytical frameworks. The analytical method employed basic geotechnical properties to develop a predictive model for the collapse potential. The hydromechanical model was developed within the numerical model, which evaluates multiple scenarios such as rising water table, infiltration (one-sided and two-sided), and evaporation prior to infiltration. Initial degree of saturation is identified as the primary parameter affecting the soil collapse. The proposed model for predicting collapse potential demonstrated better performance than other model. The results of the hydromechanical model showed that water infiltration and rising water table reduce the suction in the unsaturated zone and trigger collapse. The infiltration pattern is found to be critical as one-sided infiltration can cause localized wetting and uneven settlement. In contrast, two-sided infiltration leads to a balanced settlement. the hydromechanical model shows potential for evaluating foundations settlement under climate change effect
Recorbet, Florence. "Caractérisation multi-méthodes des grands glissements de versants : application à la falaise de Cap Canaille." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30058.
Full textThis study combining dating based on in situ-produced cosmonuclides, paleomagnetic study and morphological characterization was conducted on two sites in the PACA region in order to understand the development of gravitary events and the associated risks. The morphology of Cap Canaille cliff suggests past mass collapses that yield to investigate the tsunami hazard associated with the fall of rock in the Mediterranean. The dating using in situ-produced 10Be and 36Cl evidenced a major event (estimated volume of 6 million m3) between 1500 and 2000 years leaving a large visible scar bordered on both sides with scars corresponding to gradual cliff dismantling. We note the presence of a red coral layer in the sedimentary deposits of a cave facing the cliff and whose death was dated in the same age range. Both events could either have been triggered simultaneously by an earthquake, or linked by a causal relationship, via the generation of a tsunami
Rouby, Delphine. "Restauration numérique des domaines failles en extension : Méthode et applications." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10132.
Full textVerdel, Thierry. "Géotechnique et monuments historiques : méthodes de modélisation numérique appliquées à des cas égyptiens." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_VERDEL_T.pdf.
Full textMoosavi, Sourena. "Initiation et propagation de la fracturation en milieu anisotrope avec prise en compte des couplages hydro-mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0254.
Full textCurrent emphasis in petroleom industry toward increasing the reservoirs efficiency, along with the interest in exploitation of other sources of energy buried deep underground created a renewed interest in rock fracture mechanics in general and hydraulic fracturing specifically. Hydraulic fracturing, informally referred to as “fracking,” is an oil and gas well development process that typically involves injecting water, under high pressure into a bedrock formation via the well. This process is intended to create new fractures in the rock as well as increase the size, extent, and connectivity of existing fractures. However some of the very important features of this process have been overlooked. Among these neglected features one can name of inability of the vast majority of existing models to tackle at once the propagation of hydraulic fractures in fractured rocks-masses where a competing dipole mechanism exists between fracturing of the intact rock and re-activation of exiting fracture networks. Another feature that has been ignored is its intrinsically three dimensionality which is neglected by most models. Among all different types of numerical methods that have been developed in order to assess the mechanism of fracturing phenomenon very few, if any, can handle the entire complexity of such process. In the present thesis, fluid-driven crack initiation and propagation in transverse isotropic rocks is simulated using a coupled model comprising of eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and cohesive zone models. The HM XFEM developed in this thesis is an extension to previous models developed introduced in multiscale hydrogeomechanics team of GeoRessources. An emphasis is put on considering the anisotropic nature of the medium and on studying its influence on the propagation path. This latter is investigated by the concept of bifurcation angle previously introduced in literature. In complementary efforts was made to have a better understanding of crack initiation in transversely isotropic media, we also used the discrete element method (DEM) in order to gain insights into the mechanisms at stake. Both methods exhibit their advantages and disadvantages in modeling fracturing phenomenon. The different nature of two methods, DEM being a discontinuous and XFEM being a continuous method, reveals potentials of both methods and renders a good comparison of which method suits the problem in hand the best, considering the the objectives of the design
Poitevin, Cyril. "Variabilité du niveau marin relatif le long du littoral de Brest (France) par combinaison de méthodes géodésiques spatiales (altimétrie radar, InSAR et GPS)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LAROS010.
Full textThe sea level rise induced by global warming is not uniform along the coastlines due to regional variability of sea level and especially due to vertical land motion which may represents a dominant factor. Therefore, the sea level evolution must be known relative to the land to provide adapted knowledges towards a most efficient coastal management. Information about relative sea level are currently provided directly by tide gauges which measured simultaneously sea level and vertical land variations. However, two important issues are associated with the use of tide gauges. First, supplemental information provided by permanent GPS stations is required to separate vertical land motion from ocean climate signals in tide gauge records, and hence to understand the causes of future coastal sea level changes and their relative importance. Second, vertical land motion can show local spatial patterns, which limits the spatial validity of the point-wise information provide by tide gauges. Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and high-precision GPS data, the above-mentioned limitations were addressed in the case study of Brest (France). This study shows that, over the past decades, Brest and its surroundings are overall stable except for the embankment areas of the commercial and military harbours. The GPS-calibrated InSAR results were then further combined with radar altimetry data to obtain relative sea level trends along the Brest coastline with an unprecedented high-spatial resolution. The approach developed in this thesis is applicable beyond the case study of Brest, especially in coastal areas where tide gauge data are not available
Robinet, Jean-Charles. "Minéralogie, porosité et diffusion des solutés dans l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien de Bure (Meuse, Haute-Marne, France) de l'échelle centimétrique à micrométrique." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Robinet-Jean-Charles/2008-Robinet-Jean-Charles-These.pdf.
Full textIn Bure Callovo-Oxfordian argillite (Meuse/Haute Marne, France), the spatial organisation of porosity and minerals (mainly quartz, carbonates, and clays) controls the solute diffusion at mescoscopic scale (~cm-µm). New developments in the field of image analysis were devoted to extract mineral maps from 2-D (scanning electron microscopy) and 3-D (X-ray microtomography) imaging techniques. The porosity maps provided by the 3H-PMMA method demonstrate that porosity and mineral distributions are clearly correlated. The local (~µm) and global (~cm) porosity depend mainly on clay mineral content, carbonates and quartz being unporous. Solute diffusion was modelled from actual 3-D mineral and porosity spatial distribution. Using this numerical approach, diffusion pathways were quantified according to the mineral distribution. The geometry factor was correlated to the fraction and the morphology of unporous mineral. A diffusion anisotropy due to the preferential orientation of carbonates and quartz was also underlined by this approach. In an experimental way, Cu2+ diffusion and mineral was visualised and quantify at mescoscopic scale from elemental mapping methods. These techniques provide various relationships between Copper distribution and mineralogy
Ader, Thomas. "Les tremblements de terre de l'Himalaya : vers un modèle physique du cycle sismique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077282.
Full textHome to hundreds of millions of souls and land of excessiveness, the Himalaya is also the locus of a unique seismicity whose scope and peculiarities still remain to this day somewhat mysterious. Having claimed the lives of kings, or turned ancient timeworn cities into heaps of rubbles and tains, earthquakes eerily inhabit Nepalese folk tales with the fatalistic message that nothing lasts forever. From a scientific point of view as much as from a human perspective, solving the mysteries of Himalayan seismicity thus represents a challenge of prime importance. Documenting geodetic strain across the Nepal Himalaya with varions GPS and leveling data, we show that unlike other subduction zones that exhibit a heterogeneous and patchy coupling pattern along strike, the last hundred kilometers of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault, or MHT, appear to be uniformly locked, devoid of any of the "creeping barriers" that traditionally ward off the propagation of large events. The approximately 20 mm/yr of reckoned convergence across the Himalaya matching previously established estimates of the secular deformation at the front of the arc, die slip accumulated at depth has to somehow elastically propagate all the way to the surface at some point. And yet, neither large events from die past nor currently recorded microseismicity nearly compensate for the massive moment deficit that quietly builds up under die giant mountains. Along with this large unbalanced moment deficit, die uncommonly homogeneous coupling pattern on die MHT raises the question of whether or not the locked portion of die MHT can rupture all at once in a giant earthquake. Univocally answering this question appears contingent on die still elusive estimate of the magnitude of the largest possible earthquake in the Himalaya, and requires tight constraints on local fault properties. What makes the Himalaya enigmatic also makes it the potential source of an incredible wealth of information, and we exploit some of the oddities of Himalayan seismicity in an effort to improve the understanding of earthquake physics and cipher out the properties of die MHT. Thanks to the Himalaya, the Indo-Gangetic plain is deluged each year under a tremendous amount of water during the annual summer monsoon that collects and bears down on the Indian plate enough to pull it away from the Eurasian plate slightly, temporarily relieving a small portion of die stress mounting on the MHT. As the rainwater evaporates in the dry winter season, die plate rebounds and tension is increased back on the fault. Interestingly, the mild waggle of stress induced by the monsoon nains is about die same size as that from solid-Earth tides which gently tug at the planets solid layers, but whereas changes in earthquake frequency correspond with the annually occurring monsoon, there is no such correlation with Earth tides, which oscillate back-and-forth twice a day. We therefore investigate die general response of the creeping and seismogenic parts of MHT to periodic stresses in order to link there observations to physical parameters. First, the response of die creeping part of the MHT is analyzed with a simple spring-and-slider system bearing rate-strengthening rheology, and we show that at the transition with die locked zone, where the friction becomes Wear velocity neutral, the response of the slip rate may be amplified at some periods, which values are analytically related to the physical parameters of die problem. Such predictions therefore hold the potential of constraining fault properties on the MHT, but still await observational counterparts to be applied, as nothing indicates that the variations of seismicity rate on die locked part of the MHT are the direct expressions of variations of the slip rate on its creeping part, and no variations of die slip rate have been singled out from die GPS measurements to this day. When shifting to die locked seismogenic part of the MHT, spring-and-slider models with rate-weakening rheology are insufficient to explain die contrasted responses of die seismicity to the periodic loads that tides and monsoon both place on the MHT. Lnstead, we resort to numerical simulations using the Boundary Integral CYCLes of Earthquakes algorithm and examine die response of a 2D finite fault embedded with a rate-weakening patch to harmonie stress perturbations of varions periods. We show that such simulations are able to reproduce results consistent with a graduai amplification of sensitivity as die perturbing period get larger, up to a critical period corresponding to the characteristic Lime of evolution of the seismicity in response to a step-like perturbation of stress. This increase of sensitivity was not reproduced by simple 1D-spring-slider systems, probably because of the complexity of the nucleation process, reproduced only by 2D-fault models. When the nucleation zone is close to its critical unstable size, its growth becomes highly sensitive to any externat perturbations and the timings of produced events may therefore fmd themselves highly affected. A fully analytical framework has yet to be developed and further work is needed to fully describe the behavior of die fault in ternis of physical parameters, which will likely provide die keys to deduce constitutive properties of the MHT fion seismological observations
Reulier, Romain. "Impact de la structure paysagère sur les dynamiques spatiales des transferts hydro-sédimentaires : approche par simulation multi-agents." Caen, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01264723.
Full textMany socio-economic and environmental issues associated with hydro-sedimentary transfers are organized within hydrosystems from agricultural fields up to rivers streams (soil loss, soil infertility, diffuse pollution, turbid flood. . . ). If transfers initiation conditions are well known at the agricultural field levels, the flow dynamic that occur on the slope remains poorly understood. It is especially true in small hydrosystems in north-western France, where the abundance of linear networks (hedges, roads, ditches, etc. ) that could interfere with the topographic flow dynamics are present in the landscape. To measure these impacts, which remain difficult to estimate, two complementary approaches have been developed within this thesis. First, a quantification of the hydro-sedimentary transfers was achieved during different rainfall events on a small Normandy catchment (17. 6 km², BV Lingèvres, Calvados). This work allowed us to highlight the importance of sedimentary flows that can pass though during runoff episode and the complexity of spatio-temporal dynamics induced by the landscape structure. In parallel to this "field" approach, a computer model in multi-agent systems (SMA) was designed. By relying on SMA capabilities to bring out the overall dynamics of a system based on interactions at a local level, it is possible to reconstruct the path of runoff and get clues on spatial analysis in order to measure the effect of the landscape structure. The SMA model requires little input data and was applied to various catchment with different landscape features. This model produces interesting results that allow us to better understand the consequences of the landscapes on runoff
Renaudeau, Julien. "Continuous formulation of implicit structural modeling discretized with mesh reduction methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0075.
Full textImplicit structural modeling consists in approximating geological structures into a numerical model for visualization, estimations, and predictions. It uses numerical data interpreted from the field to construct a volumetric function on the domain of study that represents the geology. The function must fit the observations, interpolate in between, and extrapolate where data are missing while honoring the geological concepts. Current methods support this interpolation either with the data themselves or using a mesh. Then, the modeling problem is posed depending on these discretizations: performing a dual kriging between data points or defining a roughness criterion on the mesh elements. In this thesis, we propose a continuous formulation of implicit structural modeling as a minimization of a sum of generic functionals. The data constraints are enforced by discrete functionals, and the interpolation is controlled by continuous functionals. This approach enables to (i) develop links between the existing methods, (ii) suggest new discretizations of the same modeling problem, and (iii) modify the minimization problem to fit specific geological issues without any dependency on the discretization. Another focus of this thesis is the efficient handling of discontinuities, such as faults and unconformities. Existing methods require either to define volumetric zones with complex geometries, or to mesh volumes with conformal elements to the discontinuity surfaces. We show, by investigating local meshless functions and mesh reduction concepts, that it is possible to reduce the constraints related to the discontinuities while performing the interpolation. Two discretizations of the minimization problem are then suggested: one using the moving least squares functions with optic criteria to handle discontinuities, and the other using the finite element method functions with the concept of ghost nodes for the discontinuities. A sensitivity analysis and a comparison study of both methods are performed in 2D, with some examples in 3D. The developed methods in this thesis prove to have a great impact on computational efficiency and on handling complex geological settings. For instance, it is shown that the minimization problem provides the means to manage under-sampled fold structures and thickness variations in the layers. Other applications are also presented such as salt envelope surface modeling and mechanical restoration
Books on the topic "Subsidences (géologie) – Simulation, Méthodes de"
H, Abou-Kassem Jamal, ed. Reservoir simulations handbook: Understanding reservoir simulation development. Houston, TX: Gulf Pub. Co., 2006.
Find full textAlonso, Eduardo, Alexander Rohe, Kenichi Soga, and James Fern. Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Find full textAlonso, Eduardo, Alexander Rohe, Kenichi Soga, and James Fern. Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Find full textAlonso, Eduardo, Alexander Rohe, Kenichi Soga, and Elliot James Fern. Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Find full textAlonso, Eduardo, Alexander Rohe, Kenichi Soga, and James Fern. Material Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Find full textMaterial Point Method for Geotechnical Engineering: A Practical Guide. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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