Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subsidies – South Africa

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Subsidies – South Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subsidies – South Africa"

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Cherry, Michael. "South Africa endorses nonracial schools and increases subsidies." Nature 362, no. 6415 (1993): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/362008a0.

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Black, P. A., and A. D. Roux. "Regional subsidies and the decentralisation policy in South Africa." Development Southern Africa 8, no. 3 (1991): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768359108439591.

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GILBERT, A. "WHAT MIGHT SOUTH AFRICA HAVE LEARNED ABOUT HOUSING SUBSIDIES FROM CHILE?" South African Geographical Journal 82, no. 1 (2000): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2000.9713681.

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Parnell, Susan. "Race, class, gender and home ownership subsidies in contemporary South Africa." Urban Forum 2, no. 1 (1991): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03036668.

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Mutula, Stephen, and Daisy Jacobs. "Knowledge Management Solution to Challenges of Higher Education in South Africa." International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 1, no. 1 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jide.2010091501.

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This article presents challenges facing higher education in South Africa and how knowledge management can be applied to ameliorate the situation. Some of these challenges include internal and external pressures for accountability and transparency in the management of the institutions; declining state subsidies; stiff competition from global counterparts; low graduate throughput; declining enrolments; inadequate facilities (e.g. space, ICTs and equipment); ill-prepared graduates for the job market; limited partnership with industry and government; brain drain; bureaucracy and general poor service delivery. The authors submit that South African universities have largely not embraced knowledge management practices and argue that KM integration within the universities’ strategic processes and operations can help address the challenges facing them. The article is largely based on authoritative secondary and primary sources complemented by the authors’ experiences working within university environments in Southern Africa.
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Afful, KB, and CC Okeahalam. "Considering barriers to investment in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 8, no. 2 (2014): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v8i2.1230.

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This paper examines the effect of South Africa’s economic fundamentals on net direct investment and net portfolio investment. The results suggest that the main determinants of investment in South Africa are resource prices, input productivity and the economic performance of the domestic economy. The results illustrate that net direct investment and net portfolio investment are close but not perfect substitutes. In addition, we find that an increase in labour input costs reduces both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Further, an increase in fixed capital productivity increases net direct investment. Further, also the results illustrate that subsidies increase both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Moreover, an increase in exports increases both net direct investment and net portfolio investment. Policy recommendations are thus proposed that may increase foreign direct investment in South Africa.
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Ganiyu, Bashir Olanrewaju, Julius Ayodeji Fapohunda, and Rainer Haldenwang. "Sustainable housing financing model to reduce South Africa housing deficit." International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis 10, no. 3 (2017): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhma-07-2016-0051.

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Purpose This study aims to identify and establish effective housing financing concepts to be adopted by government in achieving its mandate of providing sustainable affordable housing for the poor to decrease the building of shacks, as well as proposing solutions to the housing deficit in South Africa. A rise in demand and shortage in supply of housing calls for the need to address issues of affordable housing in South Africa, and developing countries in general, to ensure a stable and promising future for poor families. Design/methodology/approach Literature has revealed that the South African government, at all levels, accorded high priority to the provision of low-cost housing. Thus, government has adopted subsidy payment as a method of financing affordable housing to ensure that houses are allocated free to the beneficiaries. This also addresses the historically race-based inequalities of the past, but unfortunately, this has not been fully realised. This study uses a sequential mixed method approach, where private housing developers and general building contractors were the research participants. The qualitative data were analysed using a case-by-case analysis, and quantitative data were analysed using a descriptive statistical technique on SPSS. Findings The results of the qualitative analysis reveal a gross abuse of the housing subsidies system by the beneficiaries of government-funded housing in South Africa. This is evident from illegal sale of the houses below market value. This has led to a continual building of shacks and an increased number of people on the housing waiting list instead of a decrease in the housing deficit. The results from quantitative analysis affirm the use of “Mortgage Payment Subsidies, Mortgage Payment Deductions, Down-Payment Grant and Mortgage Interest Deductions” as viable alternatives to subsidy payment currently in use to finance affordable housing projects by the South African Government. Practical implications At the moment, the focus of the South African National Government is continual provision of free housing to the historically disadvantage citizens, but the housing financing method being used encourages unapproved transfer of ownership in the affordable housing sector. This study thus recommends the use of an all-inclusive housing financing method that requires a monetary contribution from the beneficiaries to enable them take control of the process. Originality/value The relational interface model proposed in this study will reduce pressure on government budgetary provision for housing and guarantee quick return of private developers’ investment in housing. Government must, as a matter of urgency, launch a continuous awareness programme to educate the low-income population on the value and the long-term benefits of the housing.
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Blignaut, J. N., and T. De Wet. "Some recommendations towards reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (2001): 359–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i2.3295.

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This paper investigates the means of reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector. It concludes that neither the price of electricity, nor taxes, subsidies or legislation are likely to bring about the required change. A change in the production structure using relatively more labour and less capital is also unlikely in the immediate future, given the socioeconomic and legislative milieu currently prevailing in South Africa. The only feasible solution that seems likely is a change in technology, which includes the more efficient use of electricity. Given the possible international agreement regarding global climate change commitments and procedures, clean development mechanisms may therefore yet provide the answer.
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Chou, Jacquelyn W., Darius N. Lakdawalla, and Jacqueline Vanderpuye-Orgle. "Public-Private Partnership as a Path to Affordable Healthcare in Emerging Markets." Forum for Health Economics and Policy 18, no. 1 (2015): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhep-2014-0023.

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Abstract The BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) have experienced tremendous economic and health gains in recent decades. Two of the major health challenges faced by the BRICS and other low and middle income countries are decreasing inequity in health outcomes and increasing affordability of health insurance. One fiscally sustainable option for the BRICS governments is a public subsidy system for private health insurance plans. This essay lays out the potential applicability and impacts of public subsidies for private health insurance plans, as well as opportunities and challenges for implementation, in the BRICS countries. Overall, providing public subsidies rather than health insurance would enable the BRICS governments to avoid the open-ended financial liabilities that have plagued advanced economies, while still expanding access to health insurance and encouraging the develoment of a robust private health insurance market. We conclude by suggesting an array of pilot programs that could serve as the seeds for publicly subsidized health insurance schemes within the BRICS markets.
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Langstaff, Liane. "Freshwater scarcity and pricing in South Africa: conflicts between conservation and equity in the post-apartheid state." SURG Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/surg.v4i1.1196.

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South Africa faces water scarcity due to the contribution of climatic, geographic, and human variables. As reported by Statistics South Africa, persistent water scarcity and distributional inequity has arisen in a changing political arena from the period of colonization to the most recent chapter of South African governance from 1994 onwards [1]. In the policy context of a state struggling with the legacy of apartheid, conflicts regarding the pricing of freshwater resources have arisen [2]. With discrepancies between the higher price for water required to promote efficiency and conservation, and the alternative pricing system that would meet the South Africa’s responsibility to improve distributional fairness, the most recent challenges took place between 1994 and 2000 [3]. Consequently, the predominant problem linked to South Africa’s freshwater resources is how to allocate water amongst the competing uses of long term environmental and human welfare, without compromising the needs of the country’s urban poor. One perspective, which can provide insight on the issue of water scarcity in South Africa, is free market environmentalism. This branch of economic thought supports a system of water markets with prices that reflect the true cost of providing the resources along with subsidies to address the needs of the poor. Based on an evaluation of the impact of market incentives in South Africa since the 2001 market reforms, it has been determined that a pragmatic, free market environmentalist approach to water can yield economically efficient outcomes for the resource while mitigating distributional equity issues.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subsidies – South Africa"

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Bekker, Jakobus Petrus. "Improving the supply of subsidised housing in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19553.

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Despite South African citizen’s constitutional right to adequate housing, Government’s housing delivery has been described as a complex, multi-stakeholder, multi-phase problem, exacerbated by political interference and corruption. Housing delivery in South Africa is ideologically and politically designed and executed. However, the government subsidised housing sector remains plagued by: huge and increasing backlogs; corruption; quality concerns, and recipient and stakeholder dissatisfaction. This includes the government subsidised housing construction sector, which faces issues such as: established contractors leaving the sector; late and failed completion; substandard quality; rework; cost overruns; late progress payments; and insolvencies. Moreover, government subsidised housing officials, which forms part of this sector, must contend with abandoned projects and appointing new contractors; shoddy workmanship from sub-standard contractors; remedial work, including demolition and rebuilding; and systemic problems such as staff shortages and under qualified staff. The process of Government’s ideological and political designed and execution may therefore not have considered certain practicalities relative to construction principles and practice. It therefore appears that there may be some relationship between the compatibility of Government’s housing ideological and political designed (policy) and execution and general construction principles and practice. It is clear from the related literature that government subsidised housing construction has mostly been investigated as an exercise observing from the outside in, and not from a construction sector perspective. The main purpose of this study is thus to explore housing policy and practice compatibility as a major obstacle to housing delivery in general and assess whether the current housing policy is sufficiently responsive to the requirements of the government subsidised housing sector by specifically describing and exploring the effects of Government’s housing procurement policies relative to the ability of the construction sector to supply government subsidised housing. More specifically, the study describes and explores corruption, quality; contractors and worker competency, and government capacity as specific consequences of housing policy and practice incompatibility, as well as factors contributing to recipient dissatisfaction and the housing backlog. Finally, based on the finding, a proposed framework for improving the supply of subsidised housing in South Africa has been developed. The methodology for this study adopted a post-positivist philosophy, embracing a quantitative approach using questionnaires, which incorporated mainly five-point Likert type scale, but also multiple-choice questions, as instruments for data collection. Three surveys were conducted, starting with a pilot study and followed by a primary study, during which a total of 2 884 potential participants within the construction sector across South Africa were randomly sampled and solicited to participate, of which 284 responded. The respondents consisted of four groups: general contractors (76); government housing officials (34); built environment professionals (137), and built environment suppliers (37). An electronic questionnaire was sent by email to all potential participants and allowed four weeks to complete the survey. Furthermore, a housing recipient survey was conducted among 100 randomly selected recipients of government subsidised housing in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan area, by means of a structured interview using a paper based questionnaire, over a period of two weeks. The primary outcome measures used for this study were the ranked mean scores for mainly descriptive analysis and the Chi-square test, the 𝑡-test, Cohan’s d test, ANOVA and Scheffé test, using Cronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency of scale and validity, for inferential analyses and hypotheses testing. Hypothesis testing was founded upon Government’s worldview that its policies will not influence the operations of the construction sector relative to housing construction, and therefore tested respondents’ perspectives with respect to the impact that government policies have in terms of contractor operations and contractor success, as well as its contribution towards the housing backlog, substandard housing, recipient dissatisfaction and corruption. The following results were obtained by means of the hypothesis testing:Government housing procurement policies are inappropriate for application in the government subsidised housing sector. Respondents therefore disagree with the notion that government policy and practices do not impact contractor operations and contractor success, and thus the supply of houses; The application of government housing procurement policies leads to inadequate quality. Respondents therefore disagree with the notion that government preferential procurement policies do not impact quality; Government’s housing procurement policies inappropriately target emerging contractors. Respondents therefore disagree with the notion that Government’s targeting of emerging contractors does not impact housing supply; Government has inadequate capacity to address subsidised housing construction sector requirements in terms of housing projects. Respondents therefore disagree with the notion that Government has the capacity to address subsidised housing construction sector requirements in the supply of housing, and Government subsidised houses do not meet recipients’ expectations. Respondents therefore disagree with the notion that government subsidised houses do meet recipients’ expectations. It thus became apparent that housing supply is mostly inhibited by Government’s housing procurement policy, contributing to various factors, such as quality capability, contractor capability, systemic and administrative capacity, and resulting in recipient dissatisfaction. Using Pearson’s product moment correlation, a framework model was developed to illustrate the process flow, which revealed definitive statistical and practical relationships between these factors, and indeed reflects complex relationships between factors inhibiting supply and resulting in recipient dissatisfaction. To find an appropriate framework model for the purpose of improving housing supply, various sources were consulted. Based on the research question, together with the aims and objectives for this study, as well as the realisation that the problems associated with housing supply relate to the project management of the construction phase, which requires interventions for improving supply, it was decided that a results framework would be the most appropriate for this purpose. The proposed framework is therefore a graphical depiction of how the research process may be used to identify problems in the government subsidised housing sector, questioning how these may be resolved, setting strategies to improve the situation, evolving hypotheses and testing these hypotheses to establish the critical factors to be considered in the process of resolving the problem in the housing sector, by means of implementation and feedback.
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Swanepoel, Ilze. "A Proposed System-Based Subsidy Approach for Integrated Public Transport in South African Metropolitan Areas." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2266.

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Thesis (MComm (Logistics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current subsidy system, designed to make South Africa’s public transport more affordable, has instead contributed to a worsening of the existent neglected state of affairs. Although subsidy policies are in place, misdirected allocation renders them mostly ineffective. The implementation of the new integrated public transport systems for metropolitan areas affords an opportunity to adopt a broad spectrum approach and initiate a redesigned and improved subsidy system. The purpose of this study is to assess the South African urban public transport industry with the aim of finding by means of a system-based process a subsidy approach that will overcome the remaining inequalities of the past. This study will consequently evaluate different subsidy theories and determine which one(s) will be best suited to the demands of a specific period. The final objective is to design a product which offers government a systembased process that will help it determine, every few years, whether the subsidy regime being applied at that juncture is still relevant to the requirements of the market and/or what (new) approach is necessary to achieve social and economic wellbeing. Commuter transport in South Africa is currently in a transition phase where new public transport infrastructure is being implemented in the metropolitan cities. The current economic recession (making people’s demand more elastic to prices) present a good time to conduct the system-based process necessary for transition of the public transport system and determine an optimal subsidy approach for the new system. The first step in the system-based process was to determine the scope of work and the overall objectives that should be reached. The main public transport shortcomings are the lack of accessibility to affordable transport for the poor and increasing private transport ownership by the rich, which increases congestion and forms the second step of the systembased process. The third step stated the action plan of strategies on how the objectives could be reached. These three steps also form the basic measurement criteria against which the different subsidy approaches needed to be tested. The fourth step in the system-based process to a better subsidy approach was to evaluate different theoretical subsidy approaches. The review of different subsidy approaches has indicated that some approaches work better than others, but an optimal subsidy system is almost never found.
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Mnyaka, Mtutuzeli Bennett Basil. "Impact and implication of future mobility on the South African automotive industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020891.

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The South African Automotive industry has been one that has enjoyed the subsidies schemes like the Motor Industry Development Program (MIDP), and in the near future the Automotive Production Development Program (APDP). There are however different schools of thought when it comes to subsidies for an industry. One is that there should be no incentives when others are for the schemes, which one is best for the growing economy of a young democratic and highly unemployed nation? Looking at the next planned incentive scheme to be introduced to replace the MIDP, the APDP is it better than the MIDP? How are these schemes going to benefit the country in the future and will they exist for as long as we have the Auto industry in South Africa? The objective is to prompt those in political power and positions capable of influencing infrastructure changes to think long term when making decisions today that will affect future generations. Future generations should be able to benefit from future technologies of the day and not be hindered by the lack of improved and capable infrastructure.
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Muller, Crispin. "Counteracting the misuse and abuse of subsidies and SPS measures in the EU and USA: Solutions for South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8211.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>It has been held that agricultural domestic support would not be such a contentious issue if its only effect was the benefit of local farmers, but this is not the case.1 It was found that several forms of domestic support have the effect of distorting the patterns of agricultural production and trade at an international level, leaving non-supported farmers elsewhere worse off.2 It was thus concluded that such support measures may indeed nullify the benefits which accrue from trade liberalisation and explains how the AoA3 regulates these measures in a way that reduces their trade distorting effects.4 It has been noted that the agricultural sector only accounted for a small percentage of the developed world's Gross Domestic Product {GDP}, yet the regulation of international agricultural trade was not an easy task.5 Smith explains that numerous attempts were made to implement some form of regulation, including a half-hearted effort in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the subsequent AoA upon the creation of the WTO in 1995.6 According to Smith, the successful regulation of international agricultural trade remained elusive, despite Desta MG and McMahon JA explain that the WTO is not very concerned with countries that provide domestic support to their agricultural sectors, as this only matters to the extent that it hopes for liberalising trade in the sector.7 affects trade in that sector.8 It is further observed that the AoA balances out the freedom to provide domestic support with the need to reduce or eliminate the trade distortive effects thereof and note that the AoA has essentially made all forms of domestic support more transparent and easier to deal with.9 A party is therefore unlikely to be challenged, successfully, if domestic support is given in accordance with the provisions of the AoA.10 The aforementioned views only seem to address the merits of the AoA and the way in which it regulates the use of agricultural subsidies. It should however be noted that the literature fails to address the fact that the WTO has not enforced the provisions of the AoA very effectively against the EU and the USA, in light of the continued misuse of subsidies within both parties. In this regard it must be ascertained whether the WTO should impose stricter penalties as a means to deter its member states, especially the EU and USA, from using subsidies in an abusive way. In addition to this, it must be determined which types of penalties can and should be imposed.
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Darkwa, Irene. "Post-occupancy evaluation of state-subsidised housing units in Kayamandi, Stellenbosch." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1642.

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Thesis (MSc (Consumer Science)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>The South African government drafted a national housing policy in 1994. This policy is being implemented in terms of seven strategies. One of the housing strategies is to provide subsidy assistance to low-income groups to enable them to become home owners and improve their quality of life. The delivery of state-subsidised housing will help to reduce the housing backlog and to reach the goal of eradicating informal settlements by 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of housing satisfaction of residents in state-subsidised housing units.
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Phakathi, S’busiso. "The impact of agricultural subsidies on the policy of agricultural exports in South Africa within the context of WTO jurisprudence." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5123.

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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The aim of the research is to establish how trade distorting agricultural subsidies have impacted South Africa’s agricultural exports. The research will explore trade distorting subsidies and how South Africa’s trade liberalisation approach relative to its trading partners have impacted South Africa’s trade output, as well as suggesting effective policy recommendations for South Africa’s agricultural trade going forward.
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Venter, Maria Dorothea. "The development, implementation and evaluation of a housing education literacy programme for semi-literate recipients of government subsidised housing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1096.

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Thesis (PhD (Consumer Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>In the ten years since the inclusive elections of 1994, the South African government has created an international precedent in the housing field. It is widely acknowledged that in this period it has delivered more subsidised houses than any other country in the world. The housing backlog is still between 2 to 3 million and growing every year, so housing policies for the future must continue to , not only provide subsidised housing for a large part of the population but also seeking to establish a viable market for low-cost housing units and to create sustainable human settlements for low-income groups. There are a therefore large numbers of new consumers that enter the housing market for the first time.
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Velayutham, Prematha. "From top structure to home :incremental growth of subsidised housing in Mamelodi." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23522.

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Pupa, Ayanda Terence. "The financed inked individual subsidy programme for housing: the Walmer link example." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4620.

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The study of the Walmer Links Finance Linked Individual Subsidy (FLISP) is the response to the housing backlogs that have been experienced by the Port Elizabeth area. The ownership programme is the first of its kind in the area and has been met with scepticism, revolt and acceptance as the neighbouring township of Walmer and the nearby suburbs had mixed feelings about the project. The overall feeling and experience of the new FLISP owners far exceeds the scepticism around the project. The project also brought racial integration and improved the quality of life for the poor. It also seems as though the success of the project will be the determinant factor of whether it can rolled out to other provinces as an approach to development and poverty alleviation.
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Carolissen, Lee-David. "An analysis of the impact of the European Union's policy of export subsidies has on South Africa's Agricultural sector." Thesis, Online access, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/usrfiles/modules/etd/docs/etd_gen8Srv25Nme4_9435_1256215062.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Subsidies – South Africa"

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Clark, P. F. Bus subsidization in South Africa: An overview of central government systems and policies up to 1986. National Institute for Transport and Road Research, CSIR, 1986.

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South Africa. Office of the Auditor-General. Report of the Auditor-General on the findings identified during a performance audit of the approval and allocation of housing subsidies at the Department of Local Government and Housing of the Limpopo Provincial Administration. Auditor-General, 2006.

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South Africa. Office of the Auditor-General. Report of the Auditor-General on the findings identified during a performance audit of the approval and allocation of housing subsidies at the Department of Local Government and Housing of the Gauteng Provincial Administration. Auditor General, 2006.

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South Africa. Office of the Auditor-General. Report of the Auditor-General on the findings identified during an investigation of the approval and allocation of housing subsidies at the Northern Cape Department of Housing and Local Government. Auditor-General, 2006.

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Guy, Standing, and Samson Michael, eds. A basic income grant for South Africa. University of Cape Town Press, 2003.

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Samson, Michael, and Guy Standing. A Basic Income Grant for South Africa. Juta Academic, 2004.

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Woldu, Gabriel Temesgen. Do fiscal regimes matter for fiscal sustainability in South Africa? A Markov-switching approach. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/920-4.

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This paper empirically examines South Africa’s fiscal sustainability through a Markov-switching model which utilizes quarterly datasets for the period from 1960 to 2019. The results show that public debt responds positively, demonstrating a sustainable fiscal policy. Furthermore, considering the regime-specific feedback coefficients of the fiscal policy rule and the durations of fiscal regimes, the study finds that South Africa’s fiscal policy satisfies the No-Ponzi game condition. Therefore, from a policy perspective, the South African government should take measures such as pension reforms, reducing operational expenses, reducing subsidies, and funding micro and small enterprises to gain the double dividend on the expenditure side along with revenue-enhancing measures on consumption taxes to achieve stable public finances and lower debt levels.
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Kruger, Wikus, Louise Tait, and Jiska de Groot. The Political Economy of Household Thermal Energy Choices in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802242.003.0025.

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Indonesia and South Africa are both trying address energy poverty through subsidized energy provision. South Africa has implemented one of the largest electrification programmes in the world, and 80 per cent of the population now have access to the national grid. But this alone is unlikely to achieve universal energy access goals. Indonesia recently implemented one of the largest household energy transition projects to date: the kerosene-to-LPG (liquid petroleum gas) conversion programme. Exploring these projects makes more visible the political economic factors that have affected the adoption of certain energy carriers.
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Auty, Richard M., and Haydn I. Furlonge. The Rent Curse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828860.001.0001.

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This book analyses the political economy of economic development using two stylized facts models of rent-driven growth. The models show that: (i) the resource curse is a variant of a wider rent curse that can be driven by geopolitical rent (foreign aid), labour rent (worker remittances), or regulatory rent (government manipulation of relative prices); (ii) the rent curse is caused by policy failure and is avoidable; (iii) the global incidence of the rent curse varies over time, which reflects development policy fashions; and (iv) the intensity of the rent curse also varies with rent linkages. Rent cycling theory posits that low rent incentivizes the elite to grow the economy to become wealthy, whereas high rent encourages siphoning rent for immediate enrichment at the expense of sustainable and diversified economic growth. The contrasting incentives trigger divergent policies and structural change. Low rent motivates the efficient allocation of inputs in line with the economy’s comparative advantage in labour-intensive exports, which drives: structural change; rapid egalitarian economic growth; and incremental democratization. High rent, however, elicits contests to capture rent for immediate enrichment so the economy absorbs rent too quickly. The economy experiences Dutch disease effects that expand a subsidized urban sector whose rent demands outstrip supply, resulting in a staple trap and a protracted growth collapse. The economy fails to diversify competitively and depends for growth on expanding rent rather than on competitive diversification that boosts productivity. The book uses the models to explain why many developing countries in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and the Gulf followed a staple trap trajectory and draws on East Asia and South Asia for reform.
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Book chapters on the topic "Subsidies – South Africa"

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Mutula, Stephen M., and Daisy Jacobs. "Knowledge Management Solution to Challenges of Higher Education in South Africa." In Digital Economy Innovations and Impacts on Society. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1556-4.ch004.

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This article presents challenges facing higher education in South Africa and how knowledge management can be applied to ameliorate the situation. Some of these challenges include internal and external pressures for accountability and transparency in the management of the institutions; declining state subsidies; stiff competition from global counterparts; low graduate throughput; declining enrolments; inadequate facilities (e.g. space, ICTs and equipment); ill-prepared graduates for the job market; limited partnership with industry and government; brain drain; bureaucracy and general poor service delivery. The authors submit that South African universities have largely not embraced knowledge management practices and argue that KM integration within the universities’ strategic processes and operations can help address the challenges facing them. The paper is largely based on authoritative secondary and primary sources complemented by the authors’ experiences working within university environments in Southern Africa.
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Ojo-Aromokudu, Judith, Michael Samuel, and Rubby Dhunpath. "A demand-driven subsidised housing policy for South Africa." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-6.

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Mtapuri, Oliver, and Sipho Nkambule. "A historicity of housing policies in apartheid South Africa 1." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa, edited by Andrew Emmanuel Okem and Sithembiso Lindelihle Myeni. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-3.

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Nkambule, Sipho Jonathan. "Apartheid housing and urban livelihoods in apartheid South Africa 1." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-5.

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Rivas, Jesús A. "The Origin of the Mystery." In Anaconda. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199732876.003.0009.

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Abstract:
This chapter traces the paleo-history of South America to tackle evolutionary questions about anacondas. Going back in history 150 million years ago, the current continents of South America and Africa were joined in a single mega-continent that also included current Australia and Antarctic. In the northern part of this continent (current South America and Africa) was a large river that started roughly where the current Congo River starts and drained the continent out of what is currently western Ecuador. Approximately 110 million years ago, South America separated from Africa and drifted west. The continent was drained by the paleo-Amazon. As South America drifted west, it collided with the Nazca plate in the eastern Pacific. As the two landmasses moved against each other, the Nazca plate subsided under South America, pushing up the western border of the latter, giving rise to the Andes. The creation of the Andes would result in the eventual closing of the drainage of the paleo-Amazon into the Pacific Ocean. The chapter looks at the significance of this paleo-history to the evolution of anacondas. It seems like the conditions in the paleo-history of the continent of constant flooding were not all that different from the conditions that anacondas encounter currently in the llanos.
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Hingston, Claudine. "A gendered discourse on women’s access to housing in South Africa." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-12.

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Myeni, Vincent, and Phumelele Khumalo. "Enhanced women’s participation in state subsidised housing programmes 1." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-8.

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Chipungu, Lovemore, and Knowledge Zungu. "Revisiting land challenges in housing urban poor people in post-apartheid South Africa." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-10.

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"Introduction." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa, edited by Sithembiso Lindelihle Myeni and Andrew Emmanuel Okem. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-1.

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Mtapuri, Oliver. "Housing for individual sovereignty through innovations in policy and practice." In The Political Economy of Government Subsidised Housing in South Africa, edited by Sithembiso Lindelihle Myeni. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429431043-11.

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