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Journal articles on the topic 'Subsistence crisis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Kelly, James. "Scarcity and poor relief in eighteenth-century Ireland: the subsistence crisis of 1782–4." Irish Historical Studies 28, no. 109 (1992): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400018575.

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The population of Ireland in the eighteenth century experienced serious dearth on twelve occasions. Four of these crises resulted in famines and eight in subsistence crises. The four famines all took place in the first half of the century; the second half experienced only subsistence crises. Because of this, it is sometimes argued that the late eighteenth century enjoyed a ‘gap in famines’. The value of this concept has been questioned because it understates the persistence and impact of dearth at a regional level, but it is also vitiated by our lack of knowledge of the nature and impact of al

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Elanda, Yelly, and Azizah Alie. "STRATEGI MASYARAKAT NELAYAN DALAM PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN SUBSISTENNYA DI DESA WISATA PASIR PUTIH DALEGAN GRESIK." Journal of Urban Sociology 3, no. 2 (2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jus.v3i2.1234.

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This article will talk about the subsistence crisis and the strategies undertaken by the fishing community of Dalegan Village to get out of the subsistence zone. The results of previous research have explained the occurrence of socio-economic changes in the Dalegan village community due to the opening of white sand beach tourism. However, that study has not specifically examined the condition of the Dalegan village fishing community. This article attempts to describe the subsistence conditions experienced by fishermen and how the fishermen's strategies are to meet their subsistence needs. This

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3

Nixon, Rod. "The crisis of governance in New Subsistence States." Journal of Contemporary Asia 36, no. 1 (2006): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472330680000051.

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Cullen, Karen. "For the good of the empire, or the relief of the poor? Motivations for British Government Provision of Famine Relief in Scotland, 1783–4." Northern Scotland 10, no. 2 (2019): 132–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nor.2019.0184.

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The failure of the grain and potato harvests across much of Britain in 1782 led to the enactment of traditional famine-relief measures across the country to secure sufficient food supply for the population. It has been well established by historians that the British government also allocated £10,000 worth of grain to the north of Scotland to provide additional support. What has been less thoroughly investigated is why. This article examines the motivations behind the government's break with traditional famine-relief policies by exploring the nature and impact of the crisis in the north of Scot

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Boomgaard, Peter. "From Subsistence Crises to Business Cycle Depressions, Indonesia 1800-1940." Itinerario 26, no. 3-4 (2002): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300015679.

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The spectre of a global crisis, predicted in 1997, but then failing to materialise outside (parts of) Asia, Russia, and Brazil, now looms again. Expectations of the arrival of a world-wide economic recession might constitute a conducive atmosphere for the study of economic crises and depressions in the past, in this case the Indonesian past. It is in fact somewhat amazing that, the study of the 1930s Depression apart, economic and social historians have not taken up this topic more eagerly during the last five years.

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McCants, Anne E. C. "Historical Demography and the Crisis of the Seventeenth Century." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 40, no. 2 (2009): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2009.40.2.195.

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The seventeenth century, broadly conceived, marks an important turning point in the history of European population movements. Long cycles characterized, first, by population expansion and subsequently by mortality contractions due to famine or disease held long-term population growth largely in check. The subsistence and mortality crises of the middle decades of the seventeenth century and the fundamental shift in the capacity of the European population to grow after 1750 together suggest that the case for a “general crisis of the seventeenth century” has strong demographic support.

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Vanhaute, Eric. "From famine to food crisis: what history can teach us about local and global subsistence crises." Journal of Peasant Studies 38, no. 1 (2011): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2010.538580.

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VANHAUTE, ERIC, and THIJS LAMBRECHT. "Famine, exchange networks and the village community. A comparative analysis of the subsistence crises of the 1740s and the 1840s in Flanders." Continuity and Change 26, no. 2 (2011): 155–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416011000142.

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ABSTRACTThis article focuses on local agency in two near-famines in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Flanders. Our comparative analysis of the food crises of 1740 and 1845–1847 in Flanders exposes the local mechanisms of coping and protection, both in an informal and a formal way. The main thesis is that the impact of hunger crises in peasant societies is directly related to the level of stress absorption within the local village community. Our findings contradict the traditional vision of a more-or-less straightforward shift in famine crisis management from rural, local and informal to urba

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9

Karmeliuk, Hanna, Svitlana Plaskon, and Halyna Seniv. "Mathematical modeling of influence of Ukraine’s external debt on standards of living." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(83) (February 22, 2017): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.01.021.

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Since the current state of the global financial system can be described as a crisis of excessive debt, Ukraine’s foreign debt is crucial for the present stage of stable development. Inefficient use of external borrowed funds results in a real loss of economic and political security of the state, particularly in a decline of living standards. The purpose of the article is to analyze Ukraine’s government-backed debt, subsistence minimum, minimum and averagewages, and to identify cause-effect relationships between the external debt, the cost of living, minimum and average wages using econometric

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Howard, Rhoda E. "Women and the Crisis in Commonwealth Africa." International Political Science Review 6, no. 3 (1985): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251218500600303.

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The consequences of the contemporary crisis for women in Commonwealth Africa are that their economic opportunities in both the rural and the urban sectors are declining, and that they are increasingly scapegoated as the causes of economic disintegration. Politically, the entrenchment of corporatist one-party states and military regimes means that what little participation was opened to women at independence is being eroded. As the economic crisis deepens in the 1980s, Africans may respond by retreating into low-level subsistence agriculture, in which the bulk of the work is done by women. If c

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11

Segura Gutiérrez, José Miguel, Lina Paola Vásquez Ávila, and Jarrison Niño Gil. "Emprendimientos de subsistencia: Concepto, alcances y limitaciones bajo el modelo neoliberal." Pensamiento Americano 13, no. 25 (2020): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803/pensam.13.25.390.

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Este artículo considera que en los emprendimientos de subsistencia existe un trasfondo social, político y económico, que incide de manera negativa en la posibilidad de vivir dignamente en la época actual y gozar de las libertades de participación que ofrece el sistema de mercado. De ahí, que no pretenda ofrecer una postura unidireccional en torno a tales iniciativas, sino más por el contrario, favorecer desde una reflexión apoyada en diferentes autores, la identificación de diversas formas de sociabilidad, virtudes morales y desarrollo de capacidades en los sujetos que las agencian, en el ente

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Jover-Avellá, Gabriel. "Population, Subsistence Crisis and Agrarian Change in the Island of Majorca, 1560-1650." Histoire & mesure XXVI, no. 1 (2011): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/histoiremesure.4121.

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Hossain, Naomi. "The 1970 Bhola cyclone, nationalist politics, and the subsistence crisis contract in Bangladesh." Disasters 42, no. 1 (2017): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12235.

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Santosa, Imam, and Suyono Suyono. "PENGEMBANGAN ETIKA SUBSISTENSI BERWAWASAN EKOLOGIS UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PERILAKU PRODUKTIF BAGI KOMUNITAS PETANI." Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto 20, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/agritech.v20i2.3977.

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The spreading of spatial-ecological conflicts are becoming worse with the greater crisis of ecological values. Natural resource exploitation are becoming more massive by various groups in society. The subsistence ethics of peasants in conducting productive behavior in the countryside is very necessary to be considered in preparing a new formulation of development. This research uses a qualitative approach to find the new concept. This research is located in District Karangreja and District Bojongsari, Purbalingga Regency. Based on this research, it is revealed that (1) the ecological social co

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15

Rössner, Philipp Robinson. "The 1738–41 Harvest Crisis in Scotland." Scottish Historical Review 90, no. 1 (2011): 27–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0003.

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Between 1738 and 1741 Scotland experienced one of the harshest harvest crises and depressions in the eighteenth-century. After at least two consecutive harvest failures (in 1739 and 1740 and perhaps also in 1738) agrarian and industrial output contracted, the price level doubled, and average incomes fell below subsistence. Due to an increase in mortality, there was also a considerable contraction in aggregate demand. Data drawn from both the micro- as well as the macro-level shows the disastrous economic impact such deficient harvests – the depression's initial trigger – would have upon Scotla

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Steinfield, Laurel, and Diane Holt. "Structures, Systems and Differences that Matter: Casting an Ecological-Intersectionality Perspective on Female Subsistence Farmers’ Experiences of the Climate Crisis." Journal of Macromarketing 40, no. 4 (2020): 563–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146720951238.

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Based on research with subsistence farmers in Kenya, this article applies a gender and ecological-informed intersectionality lens to explores how and why overlapping modes of social injustices and ecological conditions augment subsistence female farmers’ vulnerability and shape their (non)adaptive responses to the climate crisis. We uncover the inter-locking and underlying social/ecological power dynamics at macro (global; biosphere), meso (country; local ecosystems), and micro (interpersonal, personal; inter-populations/communities of organisms) levels, revealing how these human- and natural-

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17

Gupta, Vijay. "Economic Crisis in Africa." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 41, no. 2 (1985): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848504100205.

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Sub-Saharan Africa is facing deep economic crisis. A situation has reached where there is total stagnation with zero per cent growth rate and no hope of recovery. Hunger is hovering over vast areas of Africa threatening the lives of 150 million people and every day people are dying of starvation. It is said, that nature and international economic relations are both responsible for the crisis. The problems include drought and expanding desertification leading to scarcity of food and consequently rising foreign exchange expenditure on food purchase. There is shortage of inputs for the very few i

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18

Shapiro, David, and Sharon Shapiro. "Rural Employment and Rural-Urban Differences in Employment in Zaire: A Comparative Perspective1." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 2 (1994): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692735.

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This article provides evidence on the extent of de-agrarianization, the nature of rural employment, and rural-urban differences in employment in Zaire. The composition of employment by industry is examined using data from Zaire's 1984 Census. Increased schooling was associated with a greater propensity to be involved in nonagricultural employment. Since 1990, Zaire's chronic economic crisis has become acute and is intertwined with the political crisis resulting from President Mobutu's resistance to popular calls for democratization. In these circumstances, de-agrarianization is effectively put

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19

Akram-Lodhi, A. Haroon. "Contextualising land grabbing: contemporary land deals, the global subsistence crisis and the world food system." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 33, no. 2 (2012): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2012.690726.

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20

DARROW, DAVID W. "Statistics and ‘sufficiency’: toward an intellectual history of Russia's rural crisis." Continuity and Change 17, no. 1 (2002): 63–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416002004071.

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The article examines the impact of the ‘rise of statistical thinking’ and statistical measurement on elite perceptions of the condition of the Russian Empire's post-emancipation peasant economy. Using archival and published sources, it argues that the increased use of statistical measurement did much to concretize in numerical (‘objective’) terms the idea of rural crisis. In particular, the combination of traditional paternalistic concerns about the sufficiency of peasant resources and the use of cadastre measurement yielded an image of the peasant household economy in which the value (the inc

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Higgs, Nicholas D. "Impact of the the COVID-19 pandemic on a queen conch (Aliger gigas) fishery in The Bahamas." PeerJ 9 (August 3, 2021): e11924. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11924.

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The onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in early 2020 led to a dramatic rise in unemployment and fears about food-security throughout the Caribbean region. Subsistence fisheries were one of the few activities permitted during emergency lockdown in The Bahamas, leading many to turn to the sea for food. Detailed monitoring of a small-scale subsistence fishery for queen conch was undertaken during the implementation of coronavirus emergency control measures over a period of twelve weeks. Weekly landings data showed a surge in fishing during the first three weeks where landings were 3.4 t

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22

Rees, Gordon. "‘The most miserable scene of universal distress’: Irish pamphleteers and the subsistence crisis of the early 1740s." Studia Hibernica 41 (January 2015): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/studia.41.87.

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23

Kradin, Nikolay n. "The Transformation of Pastoralism in Buryatia: The Aginsky Steppe Example." Inner Asia 6, no. 1 (2004): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481704793647234.

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AbstractThis article deals with the structure of the pastoral economy of East Trans–Baikalian Buryats (Aginsky region). The herd structure used to include the five basic species of domestic animals of Eurasia: sheep, cattle, horses and, more rarely, goats and camels. A horse was of the utmost economic and status significance. However, the quantity of sheep and goats was larger. The pastoral groups owned the land and the nomads migrated with their herds along their traditional seasonal routes. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the influence of the Russian economy on the Buryat noma

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Leroy, David. "La agricultura de los Andes venezolanos: De la intensificación a la crisis, 1960-2019." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 84 (July 13, 2021): 173–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.084e03l.

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The Venezuelan Andes constituted one of the poorest regions of the country during the 1950s-1960s. This region was affected by oil exploitation and rapid urbanization. However, with the introduction of irrigated horticulture at that time, the Andean production systems were radically changed with the development of crops of high commercial value. For several decades, the Venezuelan Andes were an important source of enrichment and a new growth pole for the country. From the 1990s, however, with the intensification of horticultural activities, problems began to manifest themselves in both socio-e

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von Arburg, Hans-Georg. "The Last Dwelling before the Last: Siegfried Kracauer’s Critical Contribution to the Modernist Housing Debate in Weimar Germany." New German Critique 47, no. 3 (2020): 99–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-8607633.

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Abstract In early twentieth-century Germany a population explosion in its big cities created a housing crisis. A widespread and heavily medialized debate prompted a search for solutions and triggered a rhetoric of the last dwelling. From large communal estates to subsistence-level dwellings, a new type of housing was propagated in newspapers, magazines, exhibitions, films, guidebooks, and advertisements. Siegfried Kracauer, architect, journalist, and author, also became engaged in this debate, willfully reinterpreting New Objectivity’s aesthetics of things (Dingästhetik) both in architectural

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Tovankasame, Nicha, and Czarina Labayo. "Social Responses and Narrative Experiences of the Filipino Middle Class to the COVID-19 Crisis." Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) 6, no. 2 (2021): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i2.674.

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The incessant spreading of COVID-19 disease has recently been the major concern to the Filipino since January 2020. The crisis becomes uncontrollable and impacts on all walks of life in terms of their routine living, working conditions, mental health, and social interaction. As observed in the past few months, the Philippine government has attempted to deal with the transmission of infection and economic predicament. However, there has been tremendous criticism towards the government’s methods of solving the problems, and one of the controversial discussions is the inequity of offering assista

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Wilson, Marisa. "COVID-19 and the modern plantation: Debunking the neoliberal moral economy." Cultural Dynamics 33, no. 3 (2021): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09213740211014310.

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Plantations have long been justified by moral and racial hierarchies that value specialised, export-oriented producers over domestic or subsistence-oriented producers. In this paper, I associate this value hierarchy with the neoliberal moral economy, explain its roots in classical political economy, provide examples of its workings and argue that the Covid-19 crisis provides a crucial opportunity to debunk the neoliberal moral economy. Collective experiences of food insecurity wrought by the pandemic expose the fallacy of central moral economic values underpinning industrial capitalist food su

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Ratuva, Steven. "COVID 19, communal capital and the moral economy: Pacific Islands responses." Cultural Dynamics 33, no. 3 (2021): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09213740211014312.

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One of the impacts of COVID-19 is that communities have looked for alternative means of survival as the market economy went into a major crisis and people lost their jobs. For many communities in the Pacific Islands, who have relied largely on the market economy over the years, this means falling back on their communal way of life which has provided resilience for centuries. The revival of various forms of communal capital such as kinship exchange, subsistence farming and strengthening of social solidarity have become features of this bourgeoning moral economy. In the post-COVID era, there nee

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Kößler, Reinhart, and Gerhard Hauck. "Überlebensstrategien und Informalisierung in postkolonialen Gesellschaften." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 29, no. 117 (1999): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v29i117.794.

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Informalisation processes are understood usefully in the contexts of various survival strategies, employed by the poor, especially under conditions of continuing deregulation. Far from presenting the panacea expected by informal sector enthusiasts, survival strategies are directed towards dealing with current crisis phenomena. In doing so, the spreading of risks, combining multiples avenues of economic gain and subsistence activites, turns out as adequate and rational. This rests not least on trust in terms of horizontal social relations, and on the exchange of loyality for protection in the v

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Abegaz, Berhanu. "Escaping Ethiopia's poverty trap: the case for a second agrarian reform." Journal of Modern African Studies 42, no. 3 (2004): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x04000217.

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Growth-friendly egalitarian distribution of land and smallholder farming notwithstanding, rural Ethiopia continues to face an ever-deepening livelihoods crisis. This paper synthesises the theoretical and empirical literature on Ethiopian and other comparable land institutions, in search of a coherent economic framework for pinpointing the roots of the problem and a menu for sensible policy options. It argues that land privatisation, as an integral part of a second agrarian reform, is necessary for attaining optimal farm sizes, thicker markets and robust industrialisation. A sordid history of p

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Brown, Ian. "Tax Remission and Tax Burden in Rural Lower Burma during the Economic Crisis of the Early 1930s." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 2 (1999): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003236.

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In the late 1970s, a modest scholarly clash took place between James C. Scott and Michael Adas over the extent to which, if at all, the British administration in Burma had granted tax remissions to the rural population of the province during the economic crisis of the early 1930s. This formed an important part of their wider debate on the causes of the major rebellion—the Hsaya San rebellion—which erupted in Lower Burma in the closing days of 1930. First into the arena was Scott, in The Moral Economy of the Peasant: Rebellion and Subsistence in Southeast Asia, published in 1976. On this issue,

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Malik, Sohail Jehangir, Hina Nazli, and Edward Whitney. "Food Consumption Patterns and Implications for Poverty Reduction in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (2015): 651–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.651-670.

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The global food crisis of mid-2000s resulted in a several-fold increase in the prices of essential food items. Resultantly, the incidence of food insecurity, hunger, and poverty has increased in many developing countries [Ivanic and Martin (2008); Harttgen and Klasen (2012); De Hoyos and Medvedev (2009); World Bank (2010); Regmi and Seale (2010); Andreyeva, et al. (2010). Pakistan is also hit hard by this crisis. Prices of several food items increased by more than a 100 percent since 2006-07. Consequently, nearly half of the population is currently unable to meet its minimum (subsistence) calo

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Yoshida, Osamu Rosan, and Hidekazu Iwamoto. "Paradigm Shift." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 7, no. 4 (2016): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2016100102.

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“Wrong views and values” fortify desires, but “right views and values” curb their desires bringing satisfaction and subsistence. Section 2 describes the current crisis of global warming on the earth and the sea, warning its grave danger for humanity. Section 3 suggests measures to prevent environmental destruction, arguing the necessity of a paradigm shift from “Greedy economics” (modern economics) to Chisoku economics (Buddhist economics). Section 4 explains the necessity of religion (reunion with holiness), Buddhism, and Zen, which enable the concrete witness of nirvana (no-wind, of karma, P

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Opoku, Emmanuela, and Trish Glazebrook. "Gender, Agriculture, and Climate Policy in Ghana." Environmental Ethics 40, no. 4 (2018): 371–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201840435.

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Ghana is aware of women farmers’ climate adaptation challenges in meeting the country’s food security needs and has strong intentions to support these women, but is stymied by economic limitations, poor organization in governance, persistent social gender biases, and either little or counter-productive support from international policy makers and advisory bodies. Focal issues are the global impacts of climate change on agriculture, Africa’s growing hunger crisis, and women’s contribution to food production in Ghana. Of special importance are the issues of gender-inclusiveness and gender-sensit

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ROBERTS, PENNY. "Urban conflict and royal authority: popular revolts in sixteenth-century Troyes." Urban History 34, no. 2 (2007): 190–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807004609.

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This paper explores the relative balance between socio-economic grievance and confessional and political division in urban revolts during the period of the French religious wars. More particularly, it focuses on two such incidents in the town of Troyes in Champagne in the summer of 1586 and what they can tell us about the influence of popular discontent on municipal politics and town–crown relations, as well as the impact of civil war, subsistence crisis and increasing taxation on urban communities. The continuity of the traditions of popular revolt are explored alongside the implications for

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Farraz, M. Akmal, and Adha Fathiah. "Alat Analisis Strategi Bertahan Hidup Sektor Informal Perkotaan Selama Pandemi Covid-19: Review Literatur." Jurnal Sosiologi Andalas 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsa.7.1.1-10.2021.

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The covid-19 pandemic has damaged the structure of the global economy, including Indonesia. Government policies that are stuttering and inconsistent between handling health or economic recovery have resulted in their implementation being not optimal and having a significant impact on economic actors in the informal sector. As a result, informal workers need to make efforts to survive amid the crisis. Based on a literature review, this article presents analytical concepts for analyzing strategies undertaken by young informal workers with an illustration of informal sector workers in the city of

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Aragón-Ruano, Álvaro. "The diffusion of maize in the Cantabrian region and its economic and demographic consequences during the Ancient Regime." Rural History 32, no. 1 (2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793320000102.

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AbstractThe cultivation of maize for human consumption started to spread through the Cantabrian region around the end of the sixteenth century. The adoption of the new crop was encouraged by the advent of the Little Ice Age, and the resulting crisis of subsistence, which forced Cantabrian peasants and farmers to search for alternatives to wheat. The importance of maize increased steadily and by the nineteenth century it had become the most important crop grown in the region. This had a number of economic and demographic consequences. In particular, it allowed peasants to produce a surplus that

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Datsko, Olesia, Nataliya Nakonechna, and Olha Patsula. "MECHANISMS FOR STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINIAN CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOCIO-POLITICAL CRISIS AND EXTERNAL CHALLENGES." Social & Legal Studios 12, no. 2 (2021): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32518/2617-4162-2021-2-130-140.

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The article outlines systemic threats, substantiates the need and highlights mechanisms for strengthening the economic security of the citizens of Ukraine in the context of exacerbation of socio-political crisis and external challenges. The existing in inconsistency of basic social standards in Ukraine and their institutional provision with real conditions and needs of citizens causes inadequate state guarantee of its beneficiaries (citizens) rights to life, earnings, housing, health care and, in general, - to self-reproduction and development. Given the aggravation of socio-political and soci

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Meibner, Jochen. "Putting together North and South: Some Considerations on the Agricultural History of the Americas between Independence and World Economic Crisis." Itinerario 24, no. 2 (2000): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s016511530001305x.

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This article is specifically concerned with ‘American’ agriculture between 1820 and 1930. Let me emphasise straight away how unusual and problematic such an approach is. After all, it covers such disparate phenomena as plantation agriculture in the southern states of the US, the Caribbean, or Brazil, rural household economies working at subsistence level in New England or in the highlands of the Andes in South America, extensive cattle farming in the frontier regions of the southern part of South America, in the west of the USA, and in the north of Mexico and so on. The most varied geographica

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Meibner, Jochen. "Putting together North and South: Some Considerations on the Agricultural History of the Americas between Independence and World Economic Crisis." Itinerario 24, no. 2 (2000): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300044533.

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This article is specifically concerned with ‘American’ agriculture between 1820 and 1930. Let me emphasise straight away how unusual and problematic such an approach is. After all, it covers such disparate phenomena as plantation agriculture in the southern states of the US, the Caribbean, or Brazil, rural household economies working at subsistence level in New England or in the highlands of the Andes in South America, extensive cattle farming in the frontier regions of the southern part of South America, in the west of the USA, and in the north of Mexico and so on. The most varied geographica

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Haines, Michael R. "Growing Incomes, Shrinking People—Can Economic Development Be Hazardous to Your Health?" Social Science History 28, no. 2 (2004): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013158.

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This article examines declining adult human stature in the nineteenth century in three countries: the United States, England, and the Netherlands. While this was not unprecedented, these three relatively important nations did experience a deterioration in the biological standard of living at a time when economic development was proceeding at a goodly pace. England and the Netherlands were among the most urbanized countries in Europe at the time, while the United States was still predominantly rural and agrarian. The essay argues that a confluence of circumstances contributed to the worsening o

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Agumbayeva, A. E., R. S. Gabdualieva, A. U. Tulegenova, B. K. Kurmantaeva, J. A. Tlesova, and J. U. Abuova. "LABOR MARKET UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLOBAL PANDEMIA." BULLETIN 389, no. 1 (2021): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1467.16.

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The labor market in Kazakhstan, as it is changing around the world and is probably transforming beyond recognition in a year. A pandemic dictates its own rules to the labor market: many companies have begun to cut staff costs, parting even with valuable employees. In conditions of forced self-isolation during the coronavirus epidemic, for many people, the problem of employment came first. People working in quarantined sectors are left without means of subsistence and are forced to look for a place in other areas. The decline in quantitative indicators since the beginning of March is observed i

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Singh, Simron Jit, Marina Fischer-Kowalski, and Marian Chertow. "Introduction: The Metabolism of Islands." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (2020): 9516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229516.

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This editorial introduces the Special Issue “Metabolism of Islands”. It makes a case why we should care about islands and their sustainability. Islands are hotspots of biocultural diversity, and home to 600 million people that depend on one-sixth of the earth’s total area, including the surrounding oceans, for their subsistence. Today, they are on the frontlines of climate change and face an existential crisis. Islands are, however, potential “hubs of innovation” and are uniquely positioned to be leaders in sustainability and climate action. We argue that a full-fledged program on “island indu

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Lam, Minh Chau. "Neither survival nor accumulation: Marketisation and rural livelihood diversification in northern Vietnam." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (2020): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002246342000051x.

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Building on ethnographic fieldwork in a northern Vietnamese village, this article explores how rural households have negotiated the opportunities and uncertainties of marketisation (Đổi Mới). I focus on the surprising ways local households have handled the state's push to diversify livelihoods and adopt commercial home-based sidelines: by means of being đa gi năng, a local term that means ‘keeping many livelihood options and never putting all eggs in one basket’. In pursuit of đa gi năng, local households have actively adopted home-based production even when they were doing well with paddy far

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Brozio, Jan Piet, Johannes Müller, Martin Furholt, et al. "Monuments and economies: What drove their variability in the middle-Holocene Neolithic?" Holocene 29, no. 10 (2019): 1558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619857227.

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In the regions of southern Scandinavia and northern Germany, within the Neolithic ( c. 4100–1700 BCE), two episodes of intensified monumental burial construction are known: Funnel Beaker megaliths mainly from c. 3400–3100 BCE and Single Grave burial mounds from c. 2800–2500 BCE. So far, it remains unclear whether these boom phases of monumental construction were linked with phases of economic expansion, to phases of economic changes or to periods of economic crisis: do they precede and stimulate periods of economic growth? Or are they a social practice that results from social changes within t

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HESSION, PETER. "‘Wholesome regulation and unlimited freedom’: governing market space in southern Ireland before the Famine." Urban History 46, no. 1 (2018): 21–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926818000202.

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ABSTRACT:This article addresses efforts to reform market activity in pre-Famine Ireland, exploring Karl Polanyi's assertion that the ‘free market’ required ‘the intervention of the state in order to establish it’. It begins by rooting Ireland's alleged ‘social ills’ – over-population and subsistence agriculture – in terms of integration into international markets from the mid-eighteenth century. From the crisis of the 1820s, state actors came to see the extension of the cash economy as central to remedying these ‘ills’. Altering the physical fabric of exchange to encourage ‘rational’ market be

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Neuswanger, Jason R., Mark S. Wipfli, Matthew J. Evenson, Nicholas F. Hughes, and Amanda E. Rosenberger. "Low productivity of Chinook salmon strongly correlates with high summer stream discharge in two Alaskan rivers in the Yukon drainage." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 8 (2015): 1125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0498.

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Yukon River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations are declining for unknown reasons, creating hardship for thousands of stakeholders in subsistence and commercial fisheries. An informed response to this crisis requires understanding the major sources of variation in Chinook salmon productivity. However, simple stock–recruitment models leave much of the variation in this system’s productivity unexplained. We tested adding environmental predictors to stock–recruitment models for two Yukon drainage spawning streams in interior Alaska — the Chena and Salcha rivers. Low productivity

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Schuurmans, Anton. "Cormac Ó Gráda, Richard Paping and Eric Vanhaute (eds), When the potato failed. Causes and effects of the ‘last’ european subsistence crisis, 1845-1850." Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis/ The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 7, no. 3 (2010): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/tseg.391.

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Camenisch, Chantal, Kathrin M. Keller, Melanie Salvisberg, et al. "The 1430s: a cold period of extraordinary internal climate variability during the early Spörer Minimum with social and economic impacts in north-western and central Europe." Climate of the Past 12, no. 11 (2016): 2107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016.

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Abstract. Changes in climate affected human societies throughout the last millennium. While European cold periods in the 17th and 18th century have been assessed in detail, earlier cold periods received much less attention due to sparse information available. New evidence from proxy archives, historical documentary sources and climate model simulations permit us to provide an interdisciplinary, systematic assessment of an exceptionally cold period in the 15th century. Our assessment includes the role of internal, unforced climate variability and external forcing in shaping extreme climatic con

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Voznyak, Halyna, and Iryna Zherebylo. "Social aspects of Ukrainian economy development: current state and new challenges." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 5(139) (2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2019-5-5.

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Modern changes in the economy of Ukraine caused by the socio-political situation in the country as well as a number of initiated reforms encourage scientific exploration of the socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of the article is to conduct a problem-oriented analysis of the social component of the economy of Ukraine. The article presents the results of a study of socio-economic development of Ukraine during the past five years. The following areas of analysis were selected: labor markets, poverty, unemployment, income / expenditures of the population. Low growth rates of t

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