Relevant bibliographies by topics / Subsistence pattern

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Academic literature on the topic 'Subsistence pattern'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Subsistence pattern"

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Epps, Patience. "Subsistence pattern and contact-driven language change." Language Dynamics and Change 7, no. 1 (2017): 47–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00602004.

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While it is well known that processes of contact-driven language change are sensitive to socio-cultural factors, the question of whether these apply differently among hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists has engendered considerable debate. These dynamics have been particularly underexplored in the Amazon basin, where high linguistic diversity has until very recently been coupled with a dearth of quality documentation. This investigation undertakes a systematic assessment of the effects of contact on fourteen languages (representing six distinct language families/isolates), spoken by northern Amazonian peoples whose subsistence practices all involve a relative emphasis on hunting and gathering. The effects of contact are assessed via an extensive survey of lexical and grammatical data from nearly a hundred languages of this region, and take into account lexical borrowing, Wanderwort distributions, and grammatical convergence. This comparative approach indicates that most Amazonian foraging-focused peoples have been heavily involved in regional interactive networks over time, as have their more horticulture-dominant neighbors, but that the linguistic effects of contact are variable across subsistence pattern. While subsistence thus does not appear to be correlated with the degree of contact-driven change experienced by the languages of this region, it is, on the other hand, a strong predictor of the direction of influence, which favors a unidirectional farmer-to-forager linguistic transmission.
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S.IP., MA, Sobri. "Konflik Agraria Antara Masyarakat Dengan Perusahaan Pemegang HPHTI di Kabupaten Pelalawan." SISI LAIN REALITA 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2017.vol2(1).1390.

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Agrarian conflict between the people living in the villages of the pelalawan district is due to the change of government policy related to the pattern of management of natural resources such as forest, land and river, from "subsistence" pattern to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry sector becoming the root of agrarian conflict in Riau province . The change of development policy from the pattern of Subsistence to the pattern of industrialization in the forestry and plantation sectors created by the government led to changes in the control of natural resources such as land, rivers and forests from the "Subsistence" pattern based on ulayat concept, to become widespread land tenure (monopoly) by the owners of capital (the corporations).
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Rafferty, Janet. "Gradual or Step-Wise Change: The Development of Sedentary Settlement Patterns in Northeast Mississippi." American Antiquity 59, no. 3 (July 1994): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282455.

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Culture historians working on the Archaic and Woodland periods in eastern North America have adopted an essentialist view of settlement-subsistence relations, while processual archaeologists often have employed concepts emphasizing transformational relations to characterize settlement-pattern change. Selectionist theory uses detailed examination of variability in explaining change. Seven variables measured on a sequence of seriated Archaic and Woodland assemblages from sites in northeast Mississippi show sudden settlement-pattern change at the beginning of the Middle Woodland; this is interpreted as the advent of settled life in the study area. This case contradicts gradualist and essentialist settlement-subsistence scenarios. Such analyses hold promise for identifying the selective pressures at work when settlement patterns change.
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Sahari, Faridah, Anna Durin, Rahah Hasan, Shahren Ahmad Zaidi Adruce, and Shahri Abdul Rahman. "Adaptability to Settlement Pattern and Choice of Subsistence Activities: Emergence of Material Culture within the Saribas Malay in Betong, Sarawak." SHS Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184506001.

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Despite many job opportunities in the market and the challenges they have to face, some minority of the Saribas Malay community in Betong, Sarawak is still maintaining traditional subsistence activities in food production based on the nipah tree (locally known as apong) such as gula apong, garam apong cuka apong, jarik mayang, air sadap and the sago tree (locally known as mulong) produce, lemantak. This research examines the choice of subsistence strategies and settlement pattern of the Malay community who inhabit the Saribas region. Through the in-depth interview and participant observation, the finding suggested that reliance on a river as the main highway to connect them to the other parts of Sarawak and river as a source of marine resources determine the choice of linear settlement pattern along the river. The results also suggest that river terrestrial resources; apong and mulong accessibility and abundance availability that influence the community in continuing the traditional subsistence activities (apong and mulong based food production) related to those flora source. As such, the assemblage of material culture that exist within the Saribas Malay community is the representation and manifestation of their choice of settlement pattern and subsistence activities.
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Keene, Deborah A. "Reevaluating Late Prehistoric Coastal Subsistence and Settlement Strategies: New Data from Grove's Creek Site, Skidaway Island, Georgia." American Antiquity 69, no. 4 (October 2004): 671–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4128443.

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This paper tests existing models of coastal subsistence strategies and settlement patterns of the late prehistoric inhabitants of the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic coastal plain. Excavations at Grove's Creek Site (09CH71), Skidaway Island, Georgia were conducted to determine the season of occupation of the site. Paleoethnobotanical and zooarchaeological data were used to determine the subsistence strategies of the inhabitants. Stable isotope analysis of oyster shells is combined with the faunal and botanical data to determine the seasons of occupation of the site. The most notable discovery was the diversity of agricultural plants. Paleoethnobotanical data indicate a spring through autumn occupation, and the stable isotope data indicate winter through summer. Faunal data suggest occupation from spring through early winter. Therefore, the site was occupied year-round. This information, coupled with other data from the Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Coast, suggests a revision to existing subsistence and settlement pattern models. Coastal peoples lived in permanent villages and relied on a mix of agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering. Short trips were likely made to procure some resources, but there was not an extensive seasonal round.
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Gavin, Michael C., Patrick H. Kavanagh, Hannah J. Haynie, Claire Bowern, Carol R. Ember, Russell D. Gray, Fiona M. Jordan, et al. "The global geography of human subsistence." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 9 (September 2018): 171897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171897.

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How humans obtain food has dramatically reshaped ecosystems and altered both the trajectory of human history and the characteristics of human societies. Our species' subsistence varies widely, from predominantly foraging strategies, to plant-based agriculture and animal husbandry. The extent to which environmental, social and historical factors have driven such variation is currently unclear. Prior attempts to resolve long-standing debates on this topic have been hampered by an over-reliance on narrative arguments, small and geographically narrow samples, and by contradictory findings. Here we overcome these methodological limitations by applying multi-model inference tools developed in biogeography to a global dataset (818 societies). Although some have argued that unique conditions and events determine each society's particular subsistence strategy, we find strong support for a general global pattern in which a limited set of environmental, social and historical factors predicts an essential characteristic of all human groups: how we obtain our food.
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Dufournaud, C. M., J. T. Quinn, J. J. Harrington, C. C. Yu, P. Abeygumawardena, and R. Franzosa. "A Model of Sustainable Extraction of Nontimber Forest Products in Subsistence Societies." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 10 (October 1995): 1667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a271667.

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The shrinking forest in many parts of the world is a problem often blamed on the patterns of ownership and harvesting by the resource owners. We develop a model which demonstrates that holding a resource in common where there is competition among individuals leads to inefficient harvesting of the resource but cannot lead to the destruction of forests. The same model is used to demonstrate that climatic conditions, low wage rates, and increases in the number of people entitled to harvest the resource are more-likely candidates for variables explaining the destruction of the forest. Examples taken from the Sudan and from China provide evidence that communities alter their pattern of ownership and migration so that they do not exhaust the resource. The main conclusion of the paper is that the behavior of the owners of the resource is not the underlying cause of the destruction of the forest.
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Sassaman, Kenneth E., Meggan E. Blessing, and Asa R. Randall. "Stallings Island Revisited: New Evidence for Occupational History, Community Pattern, and Subsistence Technology." American Antiquity 71, no. 3 (July 2006): 539–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600039809.

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For nearly 150 years Stallings Island, Georgia has figured prominently in the conceptualization of Late Archaic culture in the American Southeast, most notably in its namesake pottery series, the oldest in North America, and more recently, in models of economic change among hunter-gatherer societies broadly classified as the Shell Mound Archaic. Recent fieldwork resulting in new radiocarbon assays from secure contexts pushes back the onset of intensive shellfish gathering at Stallings Island several centuries; enables recognition of a hiatus in occupation that coincides with the regional advent of pottery making; and places abandonment at ca. 3500 B.P. Analysis of collections and unpublished field records from a 1929 Peabody expedition suggests that the final phase of occupation involved the construction of a circular village and plaza complex with household storage and a formalized cemetery, as well as technological innovations to meet the demands of increased settlement permanence. Although there are too few data to assess the degree to which more permanent settlement led to population-resource imbalance, several lines of evidence suggest that economic changes were stimulated by ritual intensification.
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Sassaman, Kenneth E., Meggan E. Blessing, and Asa R. Randall. "Stallings Island Revisited: New Evidence for Occupational History, Community Pattern, and Subsistence Technology." American Antiquity 71, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035364.

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King, Martin P. "Life and death in the ‘Neolithic’: Dwelling-scapes in southern Britain." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 3 (2001): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/eja.2001.4.3.323.

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Using recent work relating to subsistence and residential patterns in the British ‘Neolithic’, I argue that the dispersal of human skeletal material, characteristic of the ‘Neolithic’ in southern Britain, can be seen as the ‘fall-out’ of a dispersed and mobile pattern of residence. This pattern of human skeletal material can therefore be viewed independently from any specific complex and multiple-stage mortuary processes. Further, the role of the stone, timber and earthen constructions that frame this mobile ‘dwelling-scape’ is viewed in relation to their changing visibility as the vegetation changed. I reach the conclusion that the ‘Neolithic’ of southern Britain was one of dispersed and mobile human activity within a dwelling-scape, which was itself in constant flux.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subsistence pattern"

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Whisenhunt, Elizabeth C. M. "Subsistence Practices at Nancy Patterson Village." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8975.

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The purpose of this thesis was to gain an insight into the macrobotanical subsistence practices of Nancy Patterson Village and see how those practices fit in with the practices of the general Mesa Verde region by analyzing the burnt macrobotanical remains found in processed flotation samples. Previous work done at Nancy Patterson Village showed a shift in the faunal subsistence practices to a greater reliance on domesticated turkey during the Pueblo III period. However, the macro botanical analysis showed a higher richness of wild plant taxa in the Pueblo III period when compared to Pueblo II. The change to a higher richness of plant taxa in the later period is attributed to the changes in social and environmental climates causing difficulties in sustaining the population. These difficulties pushed the inhabitants to expand their selection of plant types used for food. Despite the higher richness of plant taxa in Pueblo III, other sites from the Central Mesa Verde region had higher richness. However, Nancy Patterson Village used the smaller number of wild plants types more intensely than the other sites from the region. No explanation was found to explain this difference.
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Samper, Carro Sofía Cristina. "Patrones de subsistencia durante el paleolítico medio/superior en el nordeste peninsular." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285739.

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Una discusión clásica en la actual investigación paleoantropológica reside en identificar las similitudes y diferencias entre los comportamientos y modo de vida de neandertales y humanos anatómicamente modernos. El análisis de los patrones de subsistencia es un elemento clave, ya que el modo en que ambas especies explotaron los recursos animales aporta datos sobre la dieta y el modo de adquisición de las presas, pero a la vez conlleva implicaciones que conforman diferencias entre los modos de vida de ambas especies. Tradicionalmente, la comparación entre las estrategias de subsistencia de neandertales y H.sapiens se ha articulado en torno a dos visiones opuestas, una que caracteriza la organización neandertal como limitada e inferior frente a otra corriente en la que se señala que las diferencias entre ambas especies no son tan marcadas. En los últimos años, las hipótesis que sugerían una incapacidad de los grupos neandertales para el desarrollo de técnicas cinegéticas activas y abocados al carroñeo de carcasas de animales de gran tamaño han ido perdiendo fuerza y se han visto refutadas por investigaciones y estudios tafonómicos más exhaustivos, que sugieren escasas diferencias entre las capacidades cinegéticas de ambas especies. El objetivo de esta tesis está enfocado a la una interpretación de los patrones de subsistencia en un yacimiento concreto, Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Lleida), en el cual se han estudiado los conjuntos zooarqueológicos recuperados en niveles de Paleolítico medio final y Paleolítico superior bien contextualizados, a fin de interpretar las estrategias de subsistencia de los últimos grupos neandertales y comparar sus técnicas con las desarrolladas por los humanos modernos. La metodología planteada en este estudio se centra en el análisis tafonómico del material óseo. En este sentido, los aspectos tratados abarcan la descripción taxonómica, representación esquelética y perfiles de mortandad de cada especie, el análisis de los patrones de fractura y el reconocimiento de modificaciones óseas a fin de identificar los agentes responsables de la acumulación del conjunto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran el importante papel de los procesos post-deposicionales en la modificación y conservación del conjunto. No obstante, los indicadores de fractura en fresco, así como las modificaciones relacionadas con la fracturación intencional de los restos óseos y marcas de corteseñalan que los conjuntos son resultado de las actividades antrópicas. Los conjuntos atribuidos al Paleolítico medio caracterizarían las estrategias de subsistencia neandertales como basadas en la adquisición de mamíferos de talla mediana (ciervos) y grandes o muy grandes (équidos y grandes bóvidos). Los perfiles esqueléticos señalarían el transporte preferencial de extremidades al abrigo, con un dominio de elementos de alto contenido cárnico y tuetano. Estos indicadores se podrían relacionar con una plena capacidad neandertal para la caza activa, con un acceso a partes anatómicas de elevado valor nutricional. En los conjuntos asignados al Paleolítico superior inicial se observa un cambio en el tipo de presas adquiridas: mientras que los cérvidos siguen estando representados, desciende la abundancia de los équidos y se aprecia un aumento de animales de talla media- pequeña (cabra), escasamente representada en los niveles Musterienses. Las conclusiones alcanzadas muestran un cambio en las estrategias de subsistencia desarrolladas por neandertales y humanos modernos, que solo parece identificarse a nivel regional, y que se basa en diferencias en el tipo de presas adquiridas. Este cambio coincide con lo observado en la industria lítica, por lo que podría relacionarse con una variación en el tipo de tácticas cinegéticas empleadas por cada una de estas especies.
A classical discussion on current paleoanthopological research deals with the identification of similarities and differences between Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans' behaviour and lifeways. A key point on these discussions is the analysis of subsistence patterns, which provides information about diet and prey acquisition techniques, but also implies inferences regarding both species' behaviour. Traditionally, the comparison between Neanderthals and H.sapiens subsistence strategies is being approach through two diverse views, the former defining Neanderthal organization as limited and inferior, opposite to researches that do not point out remarkable differences between both species. Recently, hypothesis suggesting Neanderthal groups were unable to undertake active hunting techniques and therefore representatives of an obligate scavenging of large mammals have been dismissed by new and more detailed zooarchaeological and taphonomical researches, suggesting scarce differences on the capacities of both species. This thesis is focused on the interpretation of subsistence patterns in Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Lleida). We have analysed Middle Palaeolithic-early Upper Palaeolithic levels bone assemblages precisely contextualized, in order to make inferences about the subsistence strategies of last Neanderthals groups and compare them with those developed by modern humans at the North-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The methods applied focused on the taphonomical analysis of bone material. We have analysed the taxonomic composition, skeletal representation, mortality patterns and bone modifications in order to identify the accumulator agent of these assemblages. Our results show the important role played by post-depositional processes on the modification and preservation of the assemblage. Nevertheless, fresh fractures indicators and cortical modifications related to intentional breakage of bones to access their marrow content, as well as cutmarks, suggest these assemblages are the result of anthropic activities. Middle Paleolithic bone assemblages characterize Neanderthal subsistence strategies as based on the acquisition of medium size (red deer) and large or very large (equids and large bovids) mammals. Skeletal representation suggest the transport of limb elelment to the site, with a dominion of high nutrients content elements. These indicators could be related to Neanderthals full active hunting capacities, with an access to high value anatomical parts. Early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages show a change in the type of preys acquired. Cervids are well represented yet, but there is a decrease of equid elements abundance while increasing the quantity of small size animals (mainly goat), scarcely documented on Musterian archaeological levels. Our conclusions suggest a change on Neanderthals and modern humans subsistence strategies, most obvious at a regional than European scale, and based on differences in the size of preyed mammals. This change is similar to what the discontinuity described on lithic technology, which could suggest a variation between Neanderthals and modern humans hunting strategies.
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Haggar, Jenny E. "A comparison of subsistence patterns at two eastern Alaska WAMCATS stations." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453580.

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Kintigh, Keith W. "Settlement, Subsistence, and Society in Late Zuni Prehistory." University of Arizona Press (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595503.

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Beginning about A.D. 1250, the Zuni area of New Mexico witnessed a massive population aggregation in which the inhabitants of hundreds of widely dispersed villages relocated to a small number of large, architectecturally planned pueblos. Over the next century, 27 of these pueblos were constructed, occupied briefly, and then abandoned. Another dramatic settlement shift occurred about A. D. 1400, when the locus of population moved west to the "Cities of Cibola" discovered by Coronado in 1540. Keith Kintigh demonstrates how changing agricultural strategies and developing mechanisms of social integration contributed to these population shifts. In particular, he argues that occupants of the earliest large pueblos relied on runoff agriculture, but that gradually spring-and river-fed irrigation systems were adopted. Resultant strengthening of the mechanisms of social integration allowed the increased occupational stability of the protohistorical Zuni towns.
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Filoux, Arnaud. "Le comportement de subsistance des premiers européens du pourtour méditerranéen : étude des assemblages osseux de Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, la grotte du Vallonet et des niveaux inférieurs de la Caune de l'Arago." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30011/document.

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Ce travail à pour but de déterminer le mode d’acquisition des ressources carnées par les groupes d’hominidés au cours du Paléolithique inférieur en Europe. La présence du genre Homo en Europe, antérieur à l’épisode paléomagnétique de Jaramillo est attestée dans plusieurs sites archéologiques. Cette dispersion hors d’Afrique est signalée par des industries lithiques appartenant à l’horizon culturel du Préoldowayen et par des restes squelettiques affiliés au genre Homo. Cette étude est axée sur l’analyse taphonomique et archéozoologique, de trois assemblages fauniques associés à une industrie du mode 1 (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, la grotte du Vallonnet) et un assemblage associé à une industrie du mode 2 (la Caune de l’Arago). Les analyses permettent de comprendre les processus de formation de ces assemblages en contexte de plein air et en grotte et d’estimer la part des agents qui sont intervenus. L’implication des Hommes est attestée dans la modification des carcasses de grands mammifères. Des ossements présentent des stries, qui impliquent que les éclats étaient bien utilisés pour prélever la chair et une fracturation caractéristique, liée à l’éclatement des os par les outils aménagés. L’analyse des assemblages osseux révèle une variabilité des systèmes d’approvisionnement en matière carnée. La comparaison de ces accumulations formées en grotte et en plein air, apportent une meilleure compréhension des comportements de subsistances et permet de proposer un aperçu de la variabilité et de la chronologie des comportements alimentaires des Hommes en Europe méridionale pendant le Pléistocène inférieur et moyen
The purpose of this work is determinated the mode of acquisition of the meat-based resources by the groups of hominids during the lower Palaeolithic in Europe. The presence of the genus Homo in Europe previous to the paleomagnetic Jaramillo event, is attested in several archeological sites. This dispersal outside Africa is indicated by litic industry belonging to the cultural horizon of Préoldowayen and by human fossils affiliated to genus Homo. This study is centred on taphonomical and zooarcheological analysis, of three faunal assemblages associated with a mode 1 industry (Barranco León, Fuente Nueva 3, the Vallonnet cave) and an assemblage associated with a mode 2 industry (Caune de l' Arago). Analyses allow to understand the processes formation of these assemblages in open air site and in cave, and to estimate the part of the agents who intervened. The implication of human is attested in the modification of the carcasses of big mammals. Bones present cutmarks which imply that flakes were used to discard flesh and a characteristic fracturation connected to the percussion of bones by stones tools. The analysis of the bones assemblages reveals a variability of the systems of supply in meat-based subject. The comparison of theses accumulations, bring a better understanding of the subsistences behavior and allows to propose an outline of the variability and the chronology of the eating habits of the Paleolitic People in Southern Europe during Lower and Middle Pleistocene
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Laybolt, A. Dawn. "Prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns at Gaspereau Lake, Kings County, Nova Scotia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ62394.pdf.

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Porcasi, Judith F. "Subsistence patterns of prehistoric coastal California : investigating variations of early maritime adaptation." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490852.

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An expansive spatio-temporal approach is used to pattern variations in exploitation of faunal resources at 14 mainland coastal, island, and pericoastal sites with occupations spanning nearly 10,000 years. These sites are arrayed along 500 miles (6 degrees of latitude) of the Central and Southern California coast. An allometric method for estimating faunal biomass is used along with chronological sequences of abundance indices to explore the nature ofthe initial maritime adaptation to the West Coast ofNorth America and changes to this economic strategy over time. Data reveal that throughout prehistorY, California's coastal hunter-gatherers obtained the majority oftheir animal protein from large quantities ofmarine shellfish while vertebrate taxa played a lesser role in the diet. Unexpectedly, however, consumption ofall types of animal flesh, especially the chiefresource (shellfish), declined severely over time. This suggests that: (1) non-trivial dietary changes were \videspread along the entire coast and persisted throughout the Holocene; and (2) major lifeway adaptations involving lesser use of animal protein became the norm throughout prehistory as coastal settlements grew and populations expanded. Although several causal theories are discussed, it appears that ecological changes marking the Late PleistoceneIHolocene transition are the likely root ofthe observed dietary changes. Based on these data, the Paleocoastal colonisers ofthe California coast subsisted on a diet rich in animal protein compatible with a Pleistocene environment and were more 'maritime' than later prehistoric groups based 0t:I their more intensive use ofmarine fauna. Post- Paleocoastal populations subsisted on less animal protein in a pattern consistent with the adoption ofa more carbohydrate-focused diet incorporating resources increasingly available in the emergent Holocene and the more southern latitudes. Scenarios presupposing increasingly intensive exploitation ofmarine mammals and fish over time fostered by technological or cultural elaboration are not supported by the dietary data.
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Grammer, Scott. "Prehistoric human subsistence patterns in northern Patagonia, argentina: Isotopic evidence for reconstructing diet." Scholar Commons, 2005. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2907.

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This study investigates the isotopic signatures of human skeletal remains that were recovered from several sites along the coast and inland in the north-central Patagonian region of Argentina. Human skeletal remains, dating from 2500 BP through the early historic period, are examined to determine the relative significance of terrestrial and aquatic food resources and subsequently, the extent to which coastal food resources were exploited by indigenous Argentinians. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes contained within human bone collagen and apatite are measured quantitatively to determine the relative significance of marine and terrestrial foods. This study, one of the first isotopic studies of indigenous diet on the Atlantic coast of Argentina, is significant because it provides initial results to be used for the reconstruction of aboriginal subsistence patterns prior to and after European contact.
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Danielson, Robert A. (Robert Alden). "Ringed seal mortality patterns as an aid in the determination of Thule Eskimo subsistence strategies." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68081.

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Dental annuli analyses were performed on 170 ringed seal (Phoca hispida) canines recovered from five Thule semisubterranean houses located at site PaJs-13 at Hazard Inlet, Somerset Island in the central Canadian Arctic. Season of death results indicate greater seal hunting during the spring. Age at death results were used to produce mortality profiles which, when compared with idealized patterns, revealed a prime-dominated pattern indicating the presence of some selective factor in the subsistence strategy. Based on ethnographical studies of traditional seal hunting techniques, conscious selection was eliminated as a factor. Biological studies of ringed seal demonstrate that during the spring, older, sexually mature seals, occupy breeding areas in stable fast ice formations located close to the coast in complex coastal areas. Younger immature seals, on the other hand, occupy areas of unstable pack ice formations either further from the shore in complex coastal areas, or along simple coastlines. The archaeological mortality patterns do not clearly resemble either complex or simple coast modern populations, although a trend toward simple coasts was observed. This observation is consistent with the site location, which allows greater access to pack ice formations. The appearance of selective biological factors affecting random human subsistence strategies indicates that caution must be utilized when interpreting mortality patterns.
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VanderVeen, James M. "Subsistence patterns as markers of cultural exchange European and Taino interactions in the Dominican Republic /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3232567.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 9, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 3039. Adviser: Geoffrey W. Conrad.
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Books on the topic "Subsistence pattern"

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Weaver, Donald E. Hieroglyphic Canyon: A petroglyph record of a changing subsistence pattern. El Toro, Calif: American Rock Art Research Association, 1985.

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Byers, A. Martin, and DeeAnne Wymer. Hopewell settlement patterns, subsistence, and symbolic landscapes. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2010.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Seattle District., ed. Kutenai Indian subsistence and settlement patterns, northwest Montana. Pullman, Wash: Center for Northwest Anthropology, Washington State University, 1986.

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Case, Martha. Contemporary wild resource use patterns in Tanana, Alaska, 1987. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 1990.

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Andersen, David B. Subsistence hunting patterns and compliance with moose harvest reporting requirements in rural interior Alaska. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 1992.

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Magdanz, James S. Patterns and trends in subsistence fish harvests, northwest Alaska, 1994-2004. Kotzebue, Alaska: Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 2011.

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Settlement, subsistence, and society in late Zuni prehistory. Tucson, Ariz: University of Arizona Press, 1985.

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Magdanz, James S. Patterns and trends in subsistence salmon harvests, Norton sound and Port Clarence, 1994-2003. Nome, Alaska: Dept. of Natural Resources, Kawerak, Inc., 2005.

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Subsistence, trade, and social change in early Bronze Age Palestine. Chicago, Ill: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 1991.

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Coffing, Michael. Kwethluk subsistence: Contemporary land use patterns, wild resource harvest and use, and the subsistence economy of a lower Kuskokwim River area community. Juneau, Alaska: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subsistence pattern"

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Weniger, Gerd-C. "Magdalenian Settlement Pattern and Subsistence in Central Europe." In The Pleistocene Old World, 201–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1817-0_13.

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Rosell, Jordi, Ruth Blasco, Rosa Huguet, Isabel Cáceres, Palmira Saladié, Florent Rivals, Maria Bennàsar, et al. "Occupational Patterns and Subsistence Strategies in Level J of Abric Romaní." In Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology, 313–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3922-2_8.

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Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine, and Laura Niven. "Hominin Subsistence Patterns During the Middle and Late Paleolithic in Northwestern Europe." In The Evolution of Hominin Diets, 99–111. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9699-0_7.

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Zhao, Luo. "Subsistence Patterns Associated with Shell Middens from the Pre-Qin Period in the Coastal Region of China." In Prehistoric Maritime Cultures and Seafaring in East Asia, 89–101. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9256-7_5.

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CHARLTON, THOMAS H., and DEBORAH L. NICHOLS. "SETTLEMENT PATTERN ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE TEOTIHUACAN VALLEY." In Settlement, Subsistence, and Social Complexity, 43–62. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvdjrqh6.5.

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Martin, Terrance J., Joseph Hearns, and Rory J. Becker. "The Use of Animals for Fur, Food, and Raw Material at Fort St. Joseph." In Fort St. Joseph Revealed, edited by Michael S. Nassaney and Michael S. Nassaney, 40–78. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056425.003.0003.

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The large faunal assemblage from the Fort St. Joseph site reveals the importance of wild over domesticated animals, the importance of fur trade activities, and the importance of daily interactions with local indigenous populations. Whereas both subsistence and fur trade activities occurred at the site, our study provides detailed information on where (the habitat) and what species were procured. Faunal specimens also include examples of bone tools, ornaments, and gaming pieces that site inhabitants made or made and/or used. Attention to the spatial distribution of animal remains attempts to understand refuse disposal patterns and distinctive activity areas where animals were processed for their hides, meat, and bone marrow. The Fort St. Joseph animal exploitation pattern shows a preference for wild animal resources, which is consistent with other French colonial sites like the ones in the Upper Great Lakes and in Louisiana.
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Macmaster, Neil. "Separate Worlds?: Peasant Society in the Mountains." In War in the Mountains, 35–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860211.003.0003.

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By contrast to the settler-dominated plain (Chapter 1), this chapter examines the long-term socio-economic development of the peasantry massed in the mountains of the Ouarsenis and Dahra. European occupation of the cereal lands in the plain cooped up the peasants on the poor, rocky soils of the interior where they faced a cycle of periodic drought and a ‘Malthusian’ crisis, in which small subsistence farmers faced deepening poverty and malnutrition. The peasants placed growing pressure on the resources of the forests from which they were excluded by draconian laws, commercial mines, and dam construction, leading to an environmental catastrophe and soil erosion. Apart from a degree of social banditry and forest ‘invasions’, the peasantry remained politically quiescent, but the characteristic pattern of dispersed settlement in isolated farmhouses meant that the large, joint family remained strong, a basis for future resistance.
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Seiter, Jane I. "Beyond Sugar." In Archaeologies of Slavery and Freedom in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400035.003.0006.

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Much has been written about the “sugar revolution” sweeping the islands of the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Recent work by archaeologists, however, has challenged this overarching narrative. On the island of St. Lucia, a program of landscape survey joined with a close analysis of maps and census records has revealed a very different pattern of landscape development. Underneath the remains of vast sugar estates with their monumental surviving architecture—the curing and boiling houses, lime kilns, windmills and water wheels—lies evidence of an earlier phase of small-scale plantations growing a surprising diversity of crops. Building on a legacy of subsistence agriculture inherited from the Amerindians, European settlers on St. Lucia carved out a patchwork of small holdings cultivating cotton, cocoa, coffee, tobacco, ginger, cassava, indigo, and bananas. The comparative absence of large sugar plantations allowed people without much capital to purchase and develop land, creating new opportunities for free people of color to amass wealth and gain political power. The emergence of this class of free black landowners had a profound impact on St. Lucian society, which in turn greatly affected the larger political struggles that rocked the Caribbean in the late eighteenth century.
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Schuler, Sidney Ruth. "Background: Subsistence Patterns, Residence and Property." In The Other Side of Polyandry, 22–45. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429313387-3.

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"The Subsistence Base and Settlement Patterns." In Hunters and Fishermen of The Arctic Forests, edited by James W. Vanstone, 23–42. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203789421-2.

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Reports on the topic "Subsistence pattern"

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Philipek, Frances. Post-Mazama aboriginal settlement/subsistence patterns : Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3217.

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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