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Journal articles on the topic 'Substance abuse – South Africa – Gauteng'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Agumba, Justus N. "Perception of the Effects of Substance Abuse among University Students: A Case of Built Environment and Civil Engineering Students at a South African University in Gauteng Province." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, no. 4(J) (August 30, 2015): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i4(j).596.

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Substance abuse among youths is a worldwide epidemic that impacts negatively on the health sector as well as the family and society. Early student life at the university is a time of tremendous high motivation to conform to the behaviours, values and attitudes that are valued by the student culture. However, students observe their peersâ€™ behaviour and alter their own behaviour with their peersâ€™ norms and expectations. Some of the perceived peer norms can however lead to substance abuse, which has led studentsâ€™ not to complete their education. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to determine studentsâ€™ perception on the effects of substance abuse on their physical, cognitive and affective development. The research philosophy adopted was positivism and the approach was deductive. Hence, a self-administered questionnaire containing items developed from literature review was administered to 199 built environment and civil engineering students at a South African university. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The reliability for internal consistency of the measured constructs i.e. physical, cognitive and affective was determined using Cronbachâ€™s alpha test. Independent sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses on the perception of students who had experimented on drugs and those who had not experimented on drugs on their physical, cognitive and affective development. The results suggest that over 40 percent of students in this university are not aware of the substance abuse policy. Furthermore there was no statistical significant difference on the perception of the effect of substance abuse on students who had experimented on drugs and those who had not experimented on drugs on their physical and affective development. However, there was a significant difference on the effect on their cognitive development. It is recommended that students at this university should be made aware of the substance abuse policy. Furthermore, those who experimented on substances e.g. drugs indicated less perception on their effects on their cognitive development. It is recommended that this cohort of students warrants further research.

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Janse van Rensburg, Bernard. "An overview of the State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) of the South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) from 2000 - 2012." South African Journal of Psychiatry 18, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i3.379.

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<p><strong>Introduction.</strong> The State Employed Special Interest Group (SESIG) of SASOP was established in Durban during the national congress in September 2000. Issues of concern at the time included: suboptimal physical conditions in state hospitals and clinics; stalling of the essential drug list (EDL) review process; and understaffing and difficulties to recruit and retain mental health medical personnel in the state sector. During the past 2 years, attention was given to liaising with the South African Medical Association (SAMA) as a medical labour organisation; standards for psychiatric inpatient structures, services and care; and scheduling a national SESIG strategic workshop. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Ethics clearance was obtained for a retrospective quantitative review of the demographic and occupational profile of SESIG’s members, as captured by the SASOP database of current and potential members. The investigation included a review of the policies and process by which strategic activities, priorities and measures for progress were identified within the different areas of SESIG’s mandate. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> In 2007, 38% (n=144) of the potential total number of stateemployed psychiatrists (380) were paid-up SESIG members; and 53% (n=202) of the potential total number (378) in 2011. The Eastern Cape, Free State and Northern Gauteng subgroups had the biggest percentage of members per region in 2007, which changed in 2011 to Northern Gauteng, Western Cape and Eastern Cape. In 2011, 40% of the total membership were psychiatric registrars. Presentations and discussion during the first national strategic meeting of state employed psychiatrists in 2012 covered: the scope of state sector practice; pertinent policies for state practice; planning per region; teaching and research; accepted principles for care; and strategic mobilisation (details in the supplement of this issue of the SAJP). <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Eleven position statements were formulated to guide SASOP/SESIG activities during 2012 - 2014, including statements on: national mental health policy; psychiatry and mental health; infrastructure and human resources; standard treatment guidelines and EDL; HIV in children and adults; substance abuse and addiction; community psychiatry and referral levels; recovery and re-integration; culture, mental health and psychiatry; the specialty status of South African psychiatry; and forensic psychiatry.</p>

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Yach, Derek, Charles D. H. Parry, and Stephen Harrison. "Prospects for substance abuse control in South Africa." Addiction 90, no. 10 (October 1995): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb03538.x.

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Yach, Derek, Charles D. H. Parry, and Stephen Harrison. "Prospects for substance abuse control in South Africa." Addiction 90, no. 10 (October 1995): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09652149541239.

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Sodano, Ruthlyn, Donnie W. Watson, Solomon Rataemane, Lusanda Rataemane, Nomvuyo Ntlhe, and Richard Rawson. "The Substance Abuse Treatment Workforce of South Africa." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 8, no. 4 (September 12, 2009): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9245-x.

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6

Ramlagan, Shandir, Karl Peltzer, and Gladys Matseke. "Epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa." South African Journal of Psychiatry 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v16i2.172.

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<p><strong>Background.</strong> The aim of the study was to explore the epidemiology of drug abuse treatment in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> Treatment demand statistics were analysed from South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the South African Community Epidemiology Network on Drug Use records, and a rapid situation assessment was conducted. Twenty-one key informant interviews were conducted in all 9 provinces among provincial substance abuse co-ordinators, and one manager per treatment centre from a sample of treatment centres. Three focus groups were conducted and 46 self-administered questionnaires were distributed among inpatients at 2 selected treatment centres in Free State and North West provinces. Qualitative data were analysed using grounded theory, and quantitative data analysed using SPSS. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Treatment records show that the most frequent substance of abuse was alcohol (51%), followed by cannabis (21%), crack/cocaine (9.6%), heroin/opiates (7.9%), methamphetamine (Tik) (4.5%), prescription/over-the-counter drugs (2.0%), and cannabis/mandrax (1.7%). More substance abusers were male, of lower education, white or black, than were female, more highly educated, coloured and Indian/Asian. Key informant interviews showed that females are the ‘hidden’ substance abusers and tend not to be identified in research statistics and at treatment centres. Poverty, unemployment, lack of recreational facilities, being surrounded by substance abusers, and long work shifts were also mentioned as factors contributing to substance abuse. The age of initiation of substance abuse using non-drugs such as glue was 9 years old, alcohol 10 - 12 years old, dagga 11 - 12 years old, poly-drug use (alcohol, tobacco and dagga) 14 years old, and harder drugs such as cocaine and heroin at 16 - 17 years old, as reported by key informants. Family care and support, improved socio-economic conditions and increased law enforcement would help to discourage substance abuse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Prevention interventions and policies in South Africa should focus on reducing substance abuse by targeting the ‘at risk populations’ identified in this study.</p>

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Khosa, Priscalia, Nkosiyazi Dube, and Thobeka S. Nkomo. "Investigating the Implementation of the Ke-Moja Substance Abuse Prevention Programme in South Africa’s Gauteng Province." Open Journal of Social Sciences 05, no. 08 (2017): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2017.58006.

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Gunter, Ashley, and Ruth Massey. "Renting Shacks: Tenancy in the informal housing sector of the Gauteng Province, South Africa." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 37, no. 37 (September 26, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2017-0022.

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AbstractInformal settlements are where a significant proportion of urban population find shelter in the cities of the Global South. In some cities, this settlement type is the norm and urban residence are forced into these areas due to a lack of formal housing capacity. Housing tenure in the informal sector is tenuous and the most vulnerable of this group are those who find rental housing in the sector. The idea of a slumlord within this context is one of exploitation and abuse, this study explores the slumlord tenant relationship within informal settlements in Gauteng, South Africa. The study found that there is a symbiotic relationship between landlords and tenants where the informal economy fills a gap in the low income market. While there are issues of exploitation within the informal rental market, this large, unregulated and growing sector points to a significant need for more low cost housing within the formal sector.

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Bowles, Steven, Johann Louw, and Bronwyn Myers. "Perceptions of Organizational Functioning in Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities in South Africa." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2010): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9285-2.

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Grootboom, Grizelda. "Exit! A Prostitution Survivor Voice from South Africa." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717735730.

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The author shares her first-hand experience of sexual abuse and slavery on the streets of South Africa during and after apartheid. Reflecting on her days in prostitution, the author also provides an insight into how the prostituted woman is robbed off her dignity and how difficult it is to exit from the physical and mental trauma. She explains the meaning of freedom after apartheid for the street children of South Africa. They celebrated the end of the systemic marginalization of black people but continued to face rampant substance abuse, sexual violence and ‘gangsterism’. This article is a testimony of her from sex slavery to a survivor leader and activist against the backfrop of the apathy of the South African state towards its vulnerable children.

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Pillay, A. L., and M. B. W. van der Veen. "Prevalence of Parental Substance-Abuse among Child Psychiatric Inpatients." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.947.

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Of 100 consecutive admissions to an acute child psychiatric facility in South Africa 43 bad at least one substance-abusing parent, while 10 children were from families in which both parents abused substances. 23 children received a diagnosis of depression, but no significant association was found between their diagnoses and parental substance-abuse status.

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Bhana, Arvin. "Substance Use and Abuse in South Africa: Insights from Brain and Behavioural Sciences." South African Medical Journal 102, no. 8 (July 9, 2012): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.6111.

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Dada, S., N. Harker Burnhams, M. C. Van Hout, and C. D. H. Parry. "Codeine misuse and dependence in South Africa – learning from substance abuse treatment admissions." South African Medical Journal 105, no. 9 (September 14, 2015): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samjnew.8172.

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Montle, M. E., M. J. Mogoboya, and M. C. Modiba. "Exploring bluetooth drug craze and substance abuse in South Africa : a model approach." Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa 8, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2050-4284/2019/8n3a7.

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Nyabadza, Farai, and Lezanie Coetzee. "A Systems Dynamic Model for Drug Abuse and Drug-Related Crime in the Western Cape Province of South Africa." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4074197.

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The complex problem of drug abuse and drug-related crimes in communities in the Western Cape province cannot be studied in isolation but through the system they are embedded in. In this paper, a theoretical model to evaluate the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape province of South Africa is constructed and explored. The dynamics of drug abuse and drug-related crimes within the Western Cape are simulated using STELLA software. The simulation results are consistent with the data from SACENDU and CrimeStats SA, highlighting the usefulness of such a model in designing and planning interventions to combat substance abuse and its related problems.

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Kutywayo, Alison, Sasha Frade, Tshepo Mahuma, Nicolette P. Naidoo, and Saiqa Mullick. "Experiences of violence among female and male grade eight learners: baseline findings from the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial across three South African townships." Gates Open Research 5 (June 4, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13276.1.

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Background: South African adolescents experience disproportionally high rates of violence, with lifelong health, social and economic impacts. Few papers present risk factors associated with experiences of adolescent violence. Methods: A baseline cross-sectional survey was done (April 2017 – Sept 2018) with 3432 grade 8 learners in the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial from 26 high schools in three townships (Soweto and Tembisa, Gauteng and Khayelitsha, Western Cape). Collected data on lifetime experiences of different types of violence, perpetrators, and place of violence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to enumerate experiences of, and factors associated with violence. Results: A total of 2383 respondents are included. Most (63.1%) were girls, 81.5% aged 12-14. In total 26% had ever experienced violence, higher among boys (p=<0.001). Physical violence was most common (35.7%), then psychological (21.8%), sexual (13.1%), neglect (10.6%), cyberbullying (7.6%), corporal punishment (6.5%) and economic abuse (4.8%). Boys experienced more physical violence (36.0%); girls experienced more psychological violence (22.2%). Gauteng had double the reports of sexual violence (18.4% vs 7.6%, p<0.001). Violence happened most at school (27.4%), followed by the park (19.8%) or their friends’ home (12.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that boys (aOR 1.57; 95% CV 1.27-1.94; p=0.000), those aged 15-17 years (aOR 1.41; 95% CV 1.07-1.84; p=0.013), those who ever used substances (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.54-2.37; p=0.000), and those who sometimes feel worthless (aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p=0.003) were at higher odds of ever experiencing violence. Those who had never had sex were less likely to have ever experienced violence (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.83; p=0.001). Conclusion: Urgently need wider adoption, scaling, and sustaining of evidence-based primary violence prevention and structural interventions are required to reduce the high burden of adolescent violence. Stakeholders across the ecological model are needed to tackle harmful cultural norms that perpetuate violence.

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Mpanza, D. M., and P. Govender. "Rural realities in service provision for substance abuse: a qualitative study in uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4715.

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Background: Substance abuse is recognised as a worldwide concern, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality in South Africa. There is minimal research that has considered influences in mental health care service delivery in rural and disadvantaged communities in South Africa. Methods: A qualitative study with substance abuse service providers in uMkhanyakude rural district of KwaZulu-Natal was undertaken to gain insight into the experiences and challenges in service delivery. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders (n = 29) in the rural district. Results: The findings of the study suggest that service providers experience challenges in service delivery in this rural area. The effects of culture (amarula festival and ancestral worship) exacerbate the use of substances; the high rate of unemployment and poverty lead to the produce of home-brewed substances for sustainable living; a lack of resources poses threats to service delivery; the poor prioritisation of mental health care services and a lack of monitoring and evaluation of services in the district were highlighted. Conclusions: Despite this being a single district study, findings reflect the need for a district, provincial and national standard for substance abuse rehabilitation services in addition to the improvement of monitoring and evaluation for quality improvement. There is also a need to respond to the gaps that exist in after-care and community-based or decentralised substance abuse services that are essential in such areas, which are under-resourced despite the high prevalence of substance users. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272232

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Myers, Bronwyn, Zaino Petersen, Rehana Kader, and Charles D. H. Parry. "Moving beyond access: Towards a quality-orientated substance abuse treatment system in South Africa." South African Medical Journal 102, no. 8 (June 28, 2012): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.5990.

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Moodley, S. V., M. J. Matjila, and M. Y. H. Moosa. "Epidemiology of substance use among secondary school learners in Atteridgeville, Gauteng." South African Journal of Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i1.320.

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<strong>Introduction.</strong> Adolescent substance use has a number of adverse consequences for both the individual and society. Anecdotal evidence suggested the existence of a serious substance use problem among learners in Atteridgeville, part of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. <strong></strong><p><strong>Objectives.</strong> The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence rates and age of initiation of substance use among learners attending secondary schools in Atteridgeville, and the factors, if any, associated with cannabis use.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> This was a cross-sectional study. A cluster sampling technique was employed. Twenty-two of the total of 191 grade 8 - 11 classes in the nine Atteridgeville secondary schools were randomly selected, with all 895 learners in the selected classes being invited to participate. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted using the survey estimation commands in STATA 10.0. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The lifetime prevalence rates for the three most commonly used substances were 51.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.5 - 61.5%) for alcohol, 25.2% (95% CI 17.1 - 33.3%) for cigarettes and 13.2% (95% CI 8.3 - 18.2%) for cannabis. Alcohol was also found to have the lowest mean age of initiation at 14.6 years (standard deviation 2.0). Based on CRAFFT screening scores, 30.3% (95% CI 24.5 - 36.1%) of learners met the criteria for possible problem substance use. Following multivariate analysis, the factors found to be significantly associated with lifetime cannabis use were age, gender, lifetime cigarette use, lifetime alcohol use, the number of illicit drug users among the learners’ five closest friends, and an older sibling with a history of illicit drug use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The results of the study suggest that substance use among learners in Atteridgeville is widespread and that a comprehensive intervention strategy is required.</p>

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Skeni Monkwe, Elsie, and Solly Matshonisa Seeletse. "Prominent challenges of fixed-term contracts for administrative and professional employees in higher learning institutions of Gauteng Province, South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 3 (November 10, 2016): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-3).2016.08.

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The use of temporary workers by organizations is growing, and has extensively extended to higher learning institutions (HLIs). This paper discusses the challenges of fixed term contract administrative and professional employees (FTC A/Ps) in Gauteng Provinces’ HLIs in South Africa. The research methodology used was exploratory. Surveys were used to collect data. The study sample consisted of 107 FTC A/Ps. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire. Text data were analyzed using the thematic content analysis of qualitative design. The study revealed that the HLIs did not provide training to the FTC A/Ps, but required them to perform as if they were trained. The FTC A/Ps were not getting employee benefits, were abused, underpaid, lacked privileges, lacked morale, could be dismissed any time, were driven to lose trust on managers and to be disloyal to their HLIs. They sometimes caused unscheduled turnover. Their commitment to work diminished. Still, they were bound to increase their productivity under punitive working conditions. The study recommends involving of FTC A/Ps when necessary, and not to abuse them. This also includes possibilities of integrating them in the HLI workforce, but to put proper precautionary measures when empowering them. Keywords: abuse, fixed term contract, higher learning institutions, roll over. JEL Classification: J71, J81, J82

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Van Der Westhuizen, JL, F. Roodt, M. Nejthardt, T. Esterhuizen, M. Flint, D. Van Straaten, and P. Magni. "The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa." Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 25, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/sajaa.19.6.a2.

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Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.

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Van Der Westhuizen, JL, F. Roodt, M. Nejthardt, T. Esterhuizen, M. Flint, D. Van Straaten, and P. Magni. "The prevalence of substance use in anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa." Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia 25, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36303/sajaa.2019.25.6.a2.

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Background: In the United States the mortality associated with substance abuse among anaesthesia residents is twice that of non-anaesthesia residents. Since no data exist, the primary objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the prevalence of substance use in South African anaesthesia practitioners. Secondary objectives were to compare the prevalence in male and female practitioners, and in private and state practice anaesthetists. Years of experience and level of training were explored as possible risk factors for hazardous or harmful use. Methods: Participants completed a self-administered, validated WHO questionnaire, over a ten-day period surrounding the 2018 South African Society of Anaesthesiologists (SASA) congress. All doctors practising anaesthesia in South Africa were eligible. Recruitment was via an email link sent to all SASA members, as well as a web-based link at the congress. Results: A total of 1 961 SASA members and 113 non-members (anaesthesiologists, registrars and non-specialists) were invited to participate (total 2 074). There were 434 responses (response rate 20.9%, margin of error 4.18%); 364 were suitable for analysis. The most commonly lifetime-used substances were alcohol (92.8%), tobacco (42.3%), cannabis (34.7%), and sedatives (34.4%). Questionnaire scores defined low-, medium- and high-risk categories according to substance use during the previous three months. Sedative (12.6%) and alcohol (12.1%) users were deemed to be at moderate risk. The prevalence of opioid use was 1.9% (n = 7). Prevalence of substance use was similar in male and female practitioners, as well as in those working in private practice or in state hospitals. Conclusion: The prevalence of current use of alcohol and sedatives is of major concern. A significant proportion of respondents were assessed to be at moderate risk of hazardous or harmful substance use. Gender and practice setting have little impact on substance use. Wellness efforts should be aimed at all anaesthesia practitioners in South Africa.

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Thothela, S., A. E. Van der Wath, and E. S. Janse van Rensburg. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO RELAPSE OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE USERS TREATED FOR SUBSTANCEINDUCED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER IN A PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN GAUTENG, SOUTH AFRICA." Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 16, no. 1 (September 10, 2016): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-5293/1489.

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This study explored the factors contributing to relapse of mental health care users (MHCUs) treated for substance-induced psychotic disorder in a public psychiatric hospital in Gauteng, South Africa. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was followed. The study was conducted at the outpatient department of the hospital. Participants were selected purposefully from MHCUs visiting the outpatient department for follow-up. Ten semistructured interviews were used to collect data until data saturation occurred. The transcribed interviews and field notes were analysed using Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis. The researcher and an independent coder reached consensus on the categories, sub-categories and themes. Trustworthiness was ensured through application of the strategies of dependability, transferability, conformability, credibility and authenticity. The findings explicated the factors contributing to relapse of MHCUs treated for substanceinduced psychotic disorder in a psychiatric hospital. These factors included psychological, physical and social factors. Recommendations were provided for psychiatric nurses in terms of therapeutic programme planning and involvement of the community and family in the management of MHCUs treated for substance-induced psychotic disorder.

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Manu, Emmanuel, and Xavela T. Maluleke. "Learners' Substance Abuse at School in Selected High Schools in East London of South Africa." International Journal of Educational Sciences 19, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2017.1368190.

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Meade, Christina S., Ryan R. Lion, Daniella M. Cordero, Melissa H. Watt, John A. Joska, Hetta Gouse, and Warren Burnhams. "HIV Risk Behavior Among Methamphetamine Users Entering Substance Abuse Treatment in Cape Town, South Africa." AIDS and Behavior 20, no. 10 (February 12, 2016): 2387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-016-1333-x.

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Myers, Bronwyn, Nadine Harker Burnhams, and Nuraan Fakier. "Monitoring and Evaluation of Substance Abuse Services in South Africa: Implications for Policy and Practice." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 8, no. 4 (July 25, 2009): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9232-2.

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Vitalis Nzama, Muzi, and Oluwatoyin Ayodele Ajani. "Substance Abuse among High School Learners in South Africa: A Case Study of Promoting Factors." African Journal of Development Studies (formerly AFFRIKA Journal of Politics, Economics and Society) Si, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3649/2021/sin1a12.

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Morojele, Neo K., Judith S. Brook, and Millicent A. Kachieng'A. "Perceptions of sexual risk behaviours and substance abuse among adolescents in South Africa: A qualitative investigation." AIDS Care 18, no. 3 (April 2006): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500456243.

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Van Der Burgh, Chris. "Substance Abuse in a Democratic South Africa: Current and future education and prevention policies and strategies." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 3, no. 2 (January 1996): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687639609017389.

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Meyer, J. C., M. Matlala, and A. Chigome. "Mental health care - a public health priority in South Africa." South African Family Practice 61, no. 5 (October 28, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i5.4946.

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Mental health is an integral part of health and it includes an individual’s emotional, psychological and social well-being. Mental illness remains underreported and underdiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. South Africa carries a huge burden of mental illnesses with the most prevalent being anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, mood disorders and depression. People with mental health conditions often face neglect in the health system as well as stigma and discrimination. This has resulted in poor health outcomes, isolation and high suicide rates, including amongst adolescents. The South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan (2013–2020) aims to integrate mental health into the health system to provide quality mental health services that are accessible, equitable and comprehensive, particularly for community-based mental health. This article provides an overview of mental health care in South Africa, highlighting its public health importance.

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Angulo-Arreola, Iliana Alexandra, Francisco I. Bastos, and Steffanie A. Strathdee. "Substance Abuse and HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 16, no. 1 (August 18, 2011): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545109711417408.

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The Caribbean and Central America represent a formidable challenge for researchers and policy makers in the HIV field, due to their pronounced heterogeneity in terms of social, economic, and cultural contexts and the different courses the HIV epidemic has followed in the region. Such contrasting contexts and epidemics can be exemplified by 2 countries that share the island of Hispaniola, the French Creole-speaking Haiti, and the Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic. Haiti has experienced the worst epidemics outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Following a protracted economic and social crisis, recently aggravated by a devastating earthquake, the local HIV epidemic could experience resurgence. The region, strategically located on the way between coca-producing countries and the profitable North American markets, has been a transshipment area for years. Notwithstanding, the impact of such routes on local drug scenes has been very heterogeneous and dynamic, depending on a combination of local mores, drug enforcement activities, and the broad social and political context. Injecting drug use remains rare in the region, but local drug scenes are dynamic under the influence of increasing mobility of people and goods to and from North and South America, growing tourism and commerce, and prostitution. The multiple impacts of the recent economic and social crisis, as well as the influence of drug-trafficking routes across the Caribbean and other Latin American countries require a sustained effort to track changes in the HIV risk environment to inform sound drug policies and initiatives to minimize drug-related harms in the region.

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Peltzer, Karl, and Shandir Ramlagan. "Cannabis use trends in South Africa." South African Journal of Psychiatry 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v13i4.33.

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<div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 447.989px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923593);" data-canvas-width="392.83500000000015">The purpose of this review is to synthesise cannabis use data</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 471.318px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.862584);" data-canvas-width="392.8349999999999">from surveys, specialised alcohol and drug treatment centres,</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 494.648px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.869006);" data-canvas-width="392.805">cannabis-related trauma unit admissions and arrestee studies</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 517.977px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.909271);" data-canvas-width="238.32000000000002">over the past 12 years in South Africa.</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 555.49px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935025);" data-canvas-width="392.835">Results indicate that cannabis is the most common illicit</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 578.819px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.914313);" data-canvas-width="392.84999999999997">substance used in South Africa, with particularly high use</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 602.149px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.855811);" data-canvas-width="392.7600000000001">among the youth. Current self-reported cannabis use was 5 -</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 625.478px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.912193);" data-canvas-width="392.77500000000003">10% among adolescents and 2% among adults, higher among</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 648.808px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.897703);" data-canvas-width="392.7749999999999">men than women, higher in urban than rural areas, higher</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 672.137px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.886058);" data-canvas-width="392.74499999999995">in the urban provinces of Western Cape and Gauteng than</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 695.467px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.875593);" data-canvas-width="392.8349999999999">the other provinces and higher among coloureds and whites</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 718.796px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.940702);" data-canvas-width="392.79">than other racial groups. Cannabis is commonly misused by</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 742.126px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.927193);" data-canvas-width="392.7899999999999">trauma patients (29 - 59%) and is often associated with crime</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 765.455px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.847996);" data-canvas-width="392.82">(39%). There has been an increase in seizures and treatment</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 788.785px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.882278);" data-canvas-width="392.805">demand for cannabis. The current (2006) treatment demand</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 812.114px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.896133);" data-canvas-width="392.79">for the whole country was 17% for cannabis and 3.4% for</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 835.444px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.901687);" data-canvas-width="392.82000000000005">cannabis and mandrax (methaqualone), which has implications</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 858.773px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916696);" data-canvas-width="392.8350000000001">for treatment service delivery. Screening and brief intervention</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 882.103px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.917804);" data-canvas-width="392.81999999999994">of substance (cannabis) use should be included in health care</div><div style="left: 81.8143px; top: 905.432px; font-size: 15.45px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.854401);" data-canvas-width="49.185">settings.</div>

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Evans, Dylan J., and Anthony L. Pillay. "Mental Health Problems of Men Attending District- Level Clinical Psychology Services in South Africa." Psychological Reports 104, no. 3 (June 2009): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.3.773-783.

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Over a 1-yr. period, 70 men attended district level clinical psychology services in Msunduzi, South Africa. The mean age was 35.9 yr., and 80% had secondary education. Only 65.7% attended of their own accord. 51% were unemployed, 71.4% had financial problems, 44.3% admitted to substance abuse, 74.3% reported relationship problems, and 14.3% admitted to being violent toward their partners, suicidal ideation was the commonest referral problem, while mood disorder was the most frequent diagnosis. Clinicians estimated that 75.7% of these men had low self-esteem. 45.8% (34) perceived their partner as disengaged, enmeshed, or oppressive.

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Modiba, L. M., O. Baliki, R. Mmalasa, P. Reineke, and C. Nsiki. "Pilot survey of domestic abuse amongst pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in a public hospital in Gauteng Province in South Africa." Midwifery 27, no. 6 (December 2011): 872–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.09.008.

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Bertelsmann, Eberhard. "Die rol van en beperkings op die regbank om sosiale vrede in Suid-Afrika te bevorder." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2475.

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Judge Eberhard Bertelsmann of the North Gauteng High Court delivered the address published here as he delivered it in Afrikaans in the series of FW de Klerk lectures in Potchefstroom on 20 February 2012. He dealt with the role of and limitations on the judiciary to promote social peace in South Africa, pointing out the achievements of the courts in the establishment of the constitutional dispensation over the past decades. He however also showed that the courts are over-burdened and that court administration leaves much to be desired. Litigants and practitioners do not hesitate to abuse the system and ugly incidents of unethical conduct have marred the professions. Judges however do not take these trends lying down and measures to rectify the situation are well underway. Fair, understandable, predictable and speedy adjudication without fear, favour or prejudice continues to be the contribution of judges to the protection of the South African democracy.

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Cummings, Beverley, Warren Lucas, Jacqueline Burgess, Siphokazi Dada, Charles D. H. Parry, and Nadine Harker. "Correlates of Self-Reported HIV Testing Among Patients in Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Centers in South Africa." AIDS and Behavior 25, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 2755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03178-z.

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Audet, Carolyn M., Sizzy Ngobeni, Erin Graves, and Ryan G. Wagner. "Mixed methods inquiry into traditional healers’ treatment of mental, neurological and substance abuse disorders in rural South Africa." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): e0188433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188433.

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Mpanza, DM, and P. Govender. "Rural realities in service provision for substance abuse: a qualitative study in uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (February 28, 2017): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20786190.2016.1272232.

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Luyt, Willem F. M., and Gomolemu M. Moshoeu. "Risk-taking Behaviour in South African Correctional Centres: A Case Study of the Leeuwkop Correctional Centre." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 21, no. 2 (2013): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-21022027.

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Risk-taking behaviour is a global phenomenon that shows increased presence in certain institutional circles. Various forms of risk-taking behaviours are deeply rooted in the South African correctional system and other branches of the criminal justice system. South Africa needs new approaches to deal with matters related to risk-taking behaviour in the criminal justice system (particularly inside correctional centres), for example, HIV infection, inmate rape and a growing problem concerning substance abuse. This investigation looks into risk-taking behaviour behind prison walls. The Leeuwkop correctional complex, a microcosm of the South African correctional system, was chosen for the investigation.

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Cluver, Lucie D., Franziska Meinck, Janina I. Steinert, Yulia Shenderovich, Jenny Doubt, Rocio Herrero Romero, Carl J. Lombard, et al. "Parenting for Lifelong Health: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 1 (January 2018): e000539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000539.

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ObjectiveTo assess the impact of ‘Parenting for Lifelong Health: Sinovuyo Teen’, a parenting programme for adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries, on abuse and parenting practices.DesignPragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.Setting40 villages/urban sites (clusters) in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Participants552 families reporting conflict with their adolescents (aged 10–18).InterventionIntervention clusters (n=20) received a 14-session parent and adolescent programme delivered by trained community members. Control clusters (n=20) received a hygiene and hand-washing promotion programme.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcomes: abuse and parenting practices at 1 and 5–9 months postintervention. Secondary outcomes: caregiver and adolescent mental health and substance use, adolescent behavioural problems, social support, exposure to community violence and family financial well-being at 5–9 months postintervention. Blinding was not possible.ResultsAt 5–9 months postintervention, the intervention was associated with lower abuse (caregiver report incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.55 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.75, P<0.001); corporal punishment (caregiver report IRR=0.55 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.83, P=0.004)); improved positive parenting (caregiver report d=0.25 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.47, P=0.024)), involved parenting (caregiver report d=0.86 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.08, P<0.001); adolescent report d=0.28 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.48, P=0.006)) and less poor supervision (caregiver report d=−0.50 (95% CI −0.70 to −0.29, P<0.001); adolescent report d=−0.34 (95% CI −0.55 to −0.12, P=0.002)), but not decreased neglect (caregiver report IRR 0.31 (95% CI 0.09 to 1.08, P=0.066); adolescent report IRR 1.46 (95% CI 0.75 to 2.85, P=0.264)), inconsistent discipline (caregiver report d=−0.14 (95% CI −0.36 to 0.09, P=0.229); adolescent report d=0.03 (95% CI −0.20 to 0.26, P=0.804)), or adolescent report of abuse IRR=0.90 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.24, P=0.508) and corporal punishment IRR=1.05 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.57, P=0.819). Secondary outcomes showed reductions in caregiver corporal punishment endorsement, mental health problems, parenting stress, substance use and increased social support (all caregiver report). Intervention adolescents reported no differences in mental health, behaviour or community violence, but had lower substance use (all adolescent report). Intervention families had improved economic welfare, financial management and more violence avoidance planning (in caregiver and adolescent report). No adverse effects were detected.ConclusionsThis parenting programme shows promise for reducing violence, improving parenting and family functioning in low-resource settings.Trial registration numberPan-African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201507001119966.

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Poliah, Vinola, and Saeeda Paruk. "Depression, anxiety symptoms and substance use amongst sex workers attending a non-governmental organisation in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." South African Family Practice 59, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v59i3.4538.

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Background: Sex work is a high-risk occupation for mental health problems as sex workers are vulnerable to high rates of violence, sexual coercion, stigma and HIV. Aim: To determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and substance use in sex workers.Method: A crosssectional questionnaire survey of all men and women attending the Sisonke health initiative, a non-profit non-governmental organisation (NGO), for sex workers was conducted over three months. A socio-demographic questionnaire, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ 20), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST V3.0) were administered. Results: A total of 155 participants were surveyed. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the SRQ 20 and PHQ 9 total scores were 78.4% and 80.9% respectively. Some 40% of sex workers reported suicidal ideation in the year preceding the study. High rates of violence (n = 112, 72%) and childhood abuse (n = 107, 69%) were reported. The prevalence of HIV was 76.1%. The lifetime prevalence of substance use for nicotine (87.8%), alcohol (87.8%) and cannabis (87.7%) was high. Despite the high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms reported, only 15 (9.7%) participants were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of the survey. Conclusions: The high prevalence of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, substance use and co-morbid HIV infection reported by sex workers and the significant treatment gap suggests an urgent need to provide an integrated health service that targets physical and mental health in sex workers. (Full text of the research articles are available online at www.medpharm.tandfonline.com/ojfp) S Afr Fam Pract 2017; DOI: 10.1080/20786190.2016.1272247

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Wong, Frank Y., Z. Jennifer Huang, Julia A. DiGangi, Estina E. Thompson, and Brian D. Smith. "Gender Differences in Intimate Partner Violence on Substance Abuse, Sexual Risks, and Depression among a Sample of South Africans in Cape Town, South Africa." AIDS Education and Prevention 20, no. 1 (February 2008): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2008.20.1.56.

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Govender, Desiree, Saloshni Naidoo, and Myra Taylor. "Antenatal and Postpartum Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Adolescents’ in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Depression Research and Treatment 2020 (January 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5364521.

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Background. Maternal depression is a major public health concern as it affects both mothers and their children. Antenatal depression, which is often underdiagnosed, has been associated with preterm labour, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction. Research has demonstrated that postpartum depression is associated with mother-infant bonding impairment, child abuse, child neglect, maternal substance abuse, and self-harm. Globally, the prevalence of depression in pregnant and postpartum adolescents varies. This paper reports on the findings of the prevalence of depression and its associated risk factors among pregnant and postpartum adolescents in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods. Data were generated by means of a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted between June and November 2017 utilizing a sample of 326 adolescent females accessing maternal health services in a medium-sized rural peripheral district hospital in Ugu, Southern KwaZulu-Natal. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire was used to screen participating pregnant and postnatal adolescents for depression. A cut-off score of ≥13 was used to identify pregnant and postnatal adolescents with symptoms of depression. The data were analysed using R software. Results. The prevalence of depression among the pregnant participants was 15.9% (21/132), whereas it was 8.8% (17/194) among the postpartum participants. Antenatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.47, 95% CI 1.36-30.53, p=0.01) and verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.8, 95% CI 1.5-15.16, p=0.006). The pregnant participants who indicated they received a lot of support from their partners were 0.93% less likely to have depression. Postnatal depression was associated with physical violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.32, 95% CI 1.66-29.44, p=0.005), verbal abuse (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.3, 95% CI 1.03-15.79, p=0.03), and intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9.58, 95% CI 1.58-48.82, p=0.008). Conclusion. The prevalence of antenatal depression was higher than postpartum depression in the study sample. In light of the findings, maternal healthcare professionals are cautioned to consider the mental health of pregnant and postpartum adolescents who seek their services at health facilities.

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Fontes Marx, Mayara, Leslie London, Nadine Harker Burnhams, and John Ataguba. "Usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa: a qualitative analysis." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e031560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031560.

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ObjectiveThis paper assesses the usability of existing alcohol survey data in South Africa (SA) by documenting the type of data available, identifying what possible analyses could be done using these existing datasets in SA and exploring limitations of the datasets.SettingsA desktop review and in-depth semistructured interviews were used to identify existing alcohol surveys in SA and assess their usability.ParticipantsWe interviewed 10 key researchers in alcohol policies and health economics in SA (four women and six men). It consisted of academic/researchers (n=6), government officials (n=3) and the alcohol industry (n=1).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe desktop review examined datasets for the level of the data, geographical coverage, the population surveyed, year of data collection, available covariables, analyses possible and limitations of the data. The 10 in-depth interviews with key researchers explored informant’s perspective on the usability of existing alcohol datasets in SA.ResultsIn SA, alcohol data constraints are mainly attributed to accessibility restrictions on survey data, limited geographical coverage, lack of systematic and standardised measurement of alcohol, infrequency of surveys and the lack of transparency and public availability of industry data on production, distribution and consumption.ConclusionThe International Alcohol Control survey or a similar framework survey focusing on substance abuse should be considered for implementation at the national level. Also, alcohol research data funded by the taxpayers’ money and alcohol industry data should be made publicly available.

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Manona, Wendy. "An Empirical Assessment of Dropout Rate of Learners at Selected High Schools in King William’s Town, South Africa." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i4.102.

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This study investigated and analysed factors responsible for high dropout rate of learners at selected high schools in King William’s Town District, Province of the Eastern Cape. The aim of the study is provide an understanding into inherent problems of early exit of learners in the education sector, which impede the long-term production of professionals with bright future. The main findings of this study revealed that multiple motives, associated with individual characteristics of dropouts and social problems emanating from their family background and influence of the community, prompted learners to dropout. Moreover, learner dropout is inter alia caused by social factors such as lack of resources, the effect of poverty, orphans at school, the distance between the school and the community, drug abuse, pregnancy and HIV and AIDS prevalence in schools, gangsterism and learning barriers. The results of this research suggest that the government should make resources available with regard to scholar transport, school nurses to provide education awareness programmes in relation to early pregnancies, HIV and AIDS infection to improve attendance rate. The Department of Social Development should provide information with regard to benefits available to orphaned learners. The government should ensure sustainable provision of the school nutrition programme to alleviate hunger and poverty. School management should effectively regulate the behaviour of learners to promote discipline in schools so that substance abuse is eliminated.

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Berg, Martha K., Andréa L. Hobkirk, John A. Joska, and Christina S. Meade. "The role of substance use coping in the relation between childhood sexual abuse and depression among methamphetamine users in South Africa." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 9, no. 4 (July 2017): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000207.

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Chatikobo, Nyasha. "An Evaluation of Detriments and Ramifications Associated with Substance Abuse among Out-of-school Youths of Rural Areas in South Africa." Journal of Social Sciences 47, no. 2 (May 2016): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893553.

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Smallwood, John, and Claire Deacon. "Occupational Health (OH) Practices in South African Construction." MATEC Web of Conferences 312 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031203003.

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Health hazards in construction include: ergonomic stresses such as bending, lifting and repetitive movement and vibration; environmental stresses such as heat, sun, noise, poor illumination, and wet or damp work; skin and respiratory exposure to chemicals and dust, as well as mental stress among managers, supervisors, and workers. In South Africa, these may add to the health problems experienced by construction workers because of poor community health, substance abuse, and inadequate health services. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among the professional category of construction health and safety (H&S) practitioners to determine OH issues in construction. Findings include: the extent to which OH aspects were identified by respondents on projects in 2017 indicates that construction entails exposure to a range of OH hazards and risk; the degree of OH knowledge and awareness is limited as opposed to extensive; the source of OH knowledge is informal; there is a need for OH to be embedded in tertiary built environment programmes, OH continuing professional development (CPD), and a construction industry OH standard, and OH practice notes.

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Malga, Pelonomi F., Boitumelo Marilyn Setlalentoa, Choja Oduaran, and Nopasika Maforah. "Factors Influencing HIV/AIDS and Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Learners in South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p197.

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HIV/AIDS is a global health concern and young people are more at risk of being infected. The explored factors that contribute to HIV/AIDS and risky sexual behaviour among learners aged 12-18 years in Vuyolwethu High School. The study focused on learners who were in Grade 10-12. This study employed a mixed method research. Quantitative phase was limited to learners while the qualitative phase focused on life-orientation teachers. The total study sample is 150, and the gender distribution is equally distributed at 50% for both males and females. The dominating age and grade among respondents is age 17-18 years and grade 11. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive analyses while thematic analysis is employed for analysis of qualitative data. Overall, about 51.3% of the respondents strongly agreed that engaging in sexual intercourse without protection is risky, and that unprotected sexual activity can lead to unwanted sexual encounters, unwanted teenage pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Similarly, substance abuse is found to be a key factor that influences risky sexual behaviour among adolescents, thus resulting to unwanted pregnancies and HIV/AIDS infection. The main conclusion drawn from the findings is that while adolescents seem to be knowledgeable on the factors that contribute to risky sexual behaviour, this knowledge does not lead to attitude change. It is therefore recommended, based on the study’s findings, that there should be more focused training programmes directed not only at knowledge but also attitude and behaviour change.

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Palmer, Duncan, and Niel Krige. "Real age-adjusted life expectancy." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v6i1.281.

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This study summarises the development of a model to determine an individual’s adjusted life expectancy based on his Real Age. The model incorporates aspects such as gender, residing province, income, HIV status, ethnic background, weight, exercise, family illness history, stress, substance abuse and diet. Predicting life expectancy is vital in retirement planning for two reasons: 1) given the diverse nature of South Africa, the national average life expectancy cannot be applied to everyone; and 2) retirement duration forms a vital part in the retirement planning process. Retirees can make more informed financial investment decisions based on their Real Age, thus increasing the probability of having sufficient funds during retirement. Three representative examples of South African Real Age-adjusted life expectancies were simulated, predicting life expectancies of 67, 72 and 87 years, notably different from the 50 year average South African life expectancy.

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