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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Substance and drug abuse'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Chan, Kin-yi Ivy. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470757.

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2

Carr, Christopher M. "Substance abuse education with elite athletes." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833473.

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This study addressed the efficacy of a multimodal substance abuse prevention program with elite-level athletes. By utilizing components of substance abuse information and education, coping skills training, and self-esteem strategies, the study examined the effect of these variables on the subsequent alcohol and drug use behaviors and attitudes of the participants.In addition, measures of self-esteem and stress were examined to determine the effect of prevention on these variables. Gender differences were examined regarding substance use behaviors and attitudes, and change score measures were utilized to observe for behavioral changes from pretest to follow-up testing.Results indicated no differences on any of the dependent measures. Utilizing a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), no significant differences in substance use behaviors and attitudes between athletes in the treatment and control conditions were found. There were also no gender differences reported on the dependent measures. In addition, chisquare (X2) analyses demonstrated no behavioral or attitudinal differences. A significant finding indicated that control group subjects had more substance abuse changes (both positive and negative) than the treatment condition. The hypotheses of the study were unconfirmed as a result of the statistical analyses.Limitations of the present study include the small sample size (although representative of the population), the small amount of actual reported use behaviors, and the length of the program (not sufficient time). It is recommended that future research in this area maintain the multimodal approach, while lengthening the time of implementation. Future dependent measures must be able to accurately detect small fluctuations in reported substance abuse behavioral changes.The survey data suggest that athletes at the elite level do demonstrate alcohol and drug use behaviors that may be detrimental to their personal and professional potential. Substance abuse education programs are necessary components of holistic prevention for athletes at all levels of training and competition. Future programs must consider the present study in the development of more successful and practical substance abuse education for athletes.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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3

Williams, Patricia Joanne. "Factors affecting Hispanic adolescent substance abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1137.

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4

Williams, Hector Chandra-shekar. "The desire of the spirit theological reflections on substance use and misuse /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until Oct. 5, 2011, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53336.

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5

Fuller, Joyce Julianne. "Differential Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Treatment For Drug Traffickers vs. Substance Users." Thesis, Kaplan University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546521.

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Study considered the differential effectiveness of standard substance abuse treatment for persons with actual histories of drug use vs. those who have been arrested for drug trafficking, possession, dealing, delivery, manufacture, or sale. Dataset contained 1,348 subjects who had completed drug and alcohol treatment. Mean age was 33; 2/3 of subjects were male, 1/3 female; ethnic mix was well rounded. The researcher identified 77 outcome variables within 12 outcome categories. Of the 77, 64 trended as predicted, suggesting poorer outcomes for drug traffickers vs. substance users. A Chi Square was computed on trend data and was highly statistically significant. A MANOVA was then computed, considering each of the 64 outcome variables, with two covariates: 1) number of days during the three months post treatment that the individual was in a controlled environment; and 2) severity of alcohol and drug abuse at time of treatment commencement. The overall MANOVA was highly statistically significant, indicating that drug trafficking has a pure effect on poorer treatment outcomes. ANOVAs were computer to contrast drug traffickers vs. substance users on each of the 64 individual outcome variables, using a Bonferroni corrected alpha level. In five of 12 outcome categories, one or more outcome measures differed significantly between traffickers and users. The five categories with significantly different outcomes were Continued Alcohol/Drug Use, Reinstitutionalization, Environmental Issues, High Risk Sexual Behaviors, and Relationship Issues. Why drug traffickers are receiving treatment designed for substance users, and treatment alternatives for drug traffickers along with costs and policy implications are considered. Keywords: substance use, drug trafficking, treatment, outcomes, substance abuse

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Britt, Carolyn Sue. "Increased Risk Factors for Substance Abuse and Attitudes Regarding Substance Use Among Nursing and Non-Nursing Students." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2523.

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Nonmedical prescription drug (NMPD) use is a well-documented problem among college students, but few studies have examined nursing students' attitudes regarding NMPD. The purpose of this study was to compare nursing and non-nursing students' attitudes, risk factors, and current substance use. This descriptive, comparative design utilized a convenience sampling and social media to reach students over 18 years of age and enrolled in a Midwestern university. Twenty-nine students, 14 non-nursing and 15 nursing students, participated in this online survey. Substance use attitudes were measured using the Drug Attitude Scale (DAS). Risk factors for substance use were used as demographic questions and current drug use was measured using the Drug Abuse Screening Tool (DAST). Logistic regression (Chi-Square/Fisher's Exact) analyses were used to observe the association between risk factors for substance abuse and nursing/non-nursing students. Additionally, a Simple Linear Regression (Two-Sample T-tests) was used to assess the relationship between DAS and DAST scores between nursing/non-nursing students. Prior to discussing the results of the statistical tests, descriptive statistics of the demographic variables of the participants are presented. Data analysis revealed no significant difference in attitude, risk factors, and substance use among nursing students and non-nursing students. Limitations included the low number of participants and access to students via social media only. The fact that nursing students receive additional training in pharmacology, we presume these students know the risks of drug use, therefore nursing students would have a lower rate of substance use; however, this study revealed no significant difference in attitudes or current substance use among nursing and non-nursing students.
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7

Weil, Jennifer Mindy Goldstein Naomi E. Sevin. "Developing a substance use screening instrument: the juvenile offender substance abuse screen /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1230.

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8

Lee, Pui-chun Dinah. "An evaluation of the Social Welfare Department's policy to control or limit substance abuse." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18596666.

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9

Chan, Kin-yi Ivy, and 陳健儀. "A study of determinants of relapse in psychotropic substance abuse." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31250038.

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10

Rungani, Judith. "Drug abuse in selected Grahamstown schools." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004784.

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The study explores drug abuse by learners in selected Grahamstown high schools. The study`s main concern is that drug abuse by learners is on the rise but yet there is less research on the drugs which are being used and the factors which motivate the learners to use such drugs. There are several drug abuse prevention strategies which are being implemented but yet they seem not to be very effective. It is in this frame of reference that this study saw it vital to focus on drug abuse by high school learners in Grahamstown. The study aims to identify the most commonly abused drugs by learners in the high schools of Grahamstown and the reasons why they use these drugs. The study made use of the mixed method research that is making use of both qualitative and quantitative research. The questionnaire was the instrument of data collection in quantitative data and interviews for the qualitative data. The packages which were used for the analysis of data include the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) V8 which was used to provide descriptive analysis and correlations. The findings of the study establish that the commonly abused drugs by learners are: alcohol with 58%, followed by cigarettes 22%, hookah-pipe 9%, dagga 7%. The main reasons why learners use drugs are: peer pressure, role models, availability, environment, and curiosity. Differences in drug use between male and female learners were noted. Twenty-five percent of the male learners and 16% of the female learners reported to be using drugs. In the view of these results, the researcher recommends that a comprehensive drug abuse prevention framework be formulated which focuses on preventing drug abuse at individual, family and community levels.
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11

Zorland, Jennifer L. "The association between social context and phase of recovery among drug court clients a gender comparison /." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-141600/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.
Title from file title page. James Emshoff, committee chair; Gabriel Kuperminc, Marci Culley, committee members. Electronic text (79 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-68).
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12

Makhura, Machaba James. "An investigation of the causes of substance abuse by learners in the Waterberg District of Limpopo Province : a case study." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/551.

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13

Held, Jonathan Robert. "Substance abuse and anxiety: Implications for drug use among parolees." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/639.

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14

Garvis, Pamela J. "Assessing methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms in the residential substance abuse treatment patient." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605148101&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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15

Erlank, Elizabeth Cathrine. "Die substansafhanklinke geneesheer 'n maatskaplikewerkperspektief /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07252005-153955.

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16

McAloon, Thomas John Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "Developmental trajectories into substance use in adolescence." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Psychology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/30391.

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The present study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal developmental characteristics of the association between mental health and substance use. N=1182 adolescents aged between 11 and 20 years were recruited from schools in Australia. Participants completed the Youth Self Report (YSR) (Achenbach, 1991a) and reported on their use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, their social ability, their motivation for using substances, their ability to regulate emotion, and the influences of their parents and peers on their substance use. N=561 of time one participants were retained for testing one year later to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from mental health at time one. Results indicated a clear and consistent cross-sectional association between externalising scores on the YSR and use of the three substances, regardless of gender. The relation between internalising scores and substance use was non-significant. When the relation between externalising scores and substance use was assessed for mediation, only the influence of parents and peers was found to be significant. A cross-sectional structural model developed to account for this association was demonstrated to be invariant across the three substances of interest, and across gender, but not age category. There was no evidence that social skills, emotion regulation, or substance use motives, had roles in mediating the relationship between mental health and substance use. A model was developed to assess the potential to predict substance use at time two from externalising scores at time one. Results showed that externalising scores predicted increases in alcohol use via parent and peer attitudes. Thus, externalising disposition, in the context of a facilitative social environment, was predictive of an increase in alcohol use over time. Structural models developed to account for the predictive relation between externalising scores and use of cigarettes and marijuana proved unstable and could not be tested. Substance use at time one was not predictive of externalising scores at time two. The results of the present research are discussed in relation to their potential to inform the developmental substance use literature, and efforts directed against the development of substance use problems. Limitations of the present research are noted.
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17

Boys, Annabel Frances. "Young substance users : modelling consumption patterns, problems and expectations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/young-substance-users--modelling-consumption-patterns-problems-and-expectations(350a7ff3-f70f-4d4a-9acb-814c5ded88d5).html.

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18

Simmons, Travis G. ""Because they made me come" : motivation and outcome in adolescent substance abuse treatment /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/simmonst/travissimmons.html.

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19

Lynch, Wesley W. "Adolescent Substance Abuse Screening." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7880.

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Adolescent substance use is a key public health problem in rural Ohio. Primary care nurses lack substance use screening knowledge and skills. Early screening and detection of possible substance use issues aids in directing patients to appropriate health services. This project involved the implementation of an educational intervention on the CRAFFT screening tool for primary care nurses in rural Ohio. Guided by Kurt Lewin's 3-step model to emphasize prevalence of substance use and need for screening among adolescents, the purpose of this project was to provide training on the CRAFFT screening approach and share guidelines to implement routine substance abuse screening for adolescents seen in this rural primary healthcare setting. The project, based on a pretest and posttest design, was implemented among a sample of 7 nurses to evaluate whether the educational intervention had a significant impact on nurses' knowledge on using the CRAFFT screening tool. Data were collected using a questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed a significant increase in the pretest scores (M =51.43, SD = 19.51) and the posttest score (M =94.29, SD = 7.868); t(6)=7.039, p = .000). The project findings support that the benefit of this educational intervention to improve the nurses' substance use screening knowledge using a lunchtime educational training to ensure that vulnerable adolescent patients with substance use receive early and appropriate preventive and treatment measures. For positive social change, early identification of substance use among adolescents may inform the adoption of preventive and treatment measures such as referral to mental health specialists, thereby improving adolescent health outcomes.
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Johnson, Mirta Escobedo. "Social workers' knowledge of substance abuse." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3205.

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This study was designed to determine how knowledgeable child welfare social workers are of substance abuse when working with substance abusing clients. The results indicated that social workers within San Bernardino County have competent levels of knowledge in substance abuse which allow them to provide appropriate services to the community members they serve.
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21

Coetzee, Lezanie. "Modelling Drug Abuse and Drug-related Crime: A Systems Approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97863.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT : In this study we look at the syndemic of substance abuse and drug-related crime in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The intent of this study is to provoke critical thinking about the possibilities systems thinking and system dynamics posses for social and health challenges in a diverse and complex environment like that of South Africa, especially the Western Cape. This study ventures into cross-discipline work between Epidemiology, Biomathematics and System Dynamics, with the hope of encouraging researchers from different fields to collaborate in order to curb the scourge of substance abuse and drug-related crime in South Africa. Substance abuse and the associated health and social hazards such as drug-related crime is a major problem in the Western Cape. Drug-related crime cases reported by the South African Police Services (SAPS) for the Western Cape exhibited a 311.5% growth in the past decade. This highlights how the reduction of substance abuse and drug-related crime within theWestern Cape province, will be an elixir for the safety and development of the communities. The fight against substance abuse has been driven by a multi-sectorial approach involving several government departments, non-governmental organisations and communities. With systems thinking the assumption is that the world is systemic, which means that phenomena is understood to be an emergent property of the interrelated whole. Firstly, using non-linear ordinary differential equations, we formulate a deterministic mathematical model for the substance abuse and drug-related crime syndemic, evaluate the threshold number and use sensitivity analysis to analyze the model. Secondly, a dynamic system, called the Substance Abuse and Drug-related Crime in theWestern Cape (SADC-WC) system is constructed using the STELLA in order to explore and classify the underlying relationships and structures within the substance abuse and drug-related crime system. Both the sensitivity analysis, and the simulations of the SADC-WC system indicate that an increase of successful convictions will have a significant influence on the syndemic, and promise to reduce drug-related crime cases.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : In hierdie studie ondersoek on die syndemie (‘syndemic’) van dwelmmisbruik en dwelmverwante misdaad in die Wes-Kaap provinsie, in Suid-Afrika. Die moontlikhede wat sistemiese denke en dinamiese sisteme inhou vir sosiale en gesondheid kwale in ’n diverse en komplekse omgewing soos Suid-Afrika, word ondersoek. Hierdie studie waag interdisiplinêre werk tussen Epidemiologie, Biowiskunde en Dinamiese sisteme, met die hoop om navorsers van verskillende velde aan te moedig om saam te werk om die plaag van dwelmmisbruik en dwelm-verwante misdaad in Suid-Afrika te bekamp. Dwelmmisbruik en die gepaardgaande gesondheid en maatskaplike gevare soos dwelmverwante misdaad is ’n groot probleem in dieWes-Kaap. Die SAPD se vermelde dwelmverwante midaad het ’n groei van 311,5% ondergaan in die afgelope dekade, en is aanduidend vir hoe die beheer en beperking van dwelmmisbruik en dwelm-verwante misdaad in die Wes-Kaap provinsie bevordering van beide die veiligheid en ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap sal verseker. Dit beklemtoon hoe die vermindering van dwelmmisbruik en dwelm-verwante misdaad in dieWes-Kaapland, sal ’n elikser vir die veiligheid en ontwikkeling van die gemeenskappe. Die stryd teen dwelmmisbruik is gedryf deur ’n multi-sektorale benadering waarby verskeie regeringsdepartemente, nie-regerings organisasies en gemeenskappe. Stelsels denke en dinamiese sisteme is gebasseur op die aanname, dat die wÃłreld is sistemiese en dat verskynsels verstaan word ten opsigte van die ontluikende eienskap van die omvattende geheel. Eerstens stel ons ’n kompartementele model op wat deur nie-liniêre gewone differensiële vergelykings beskryf kan word vir die dwelmmisbruik en dwelm-verwante misdaad epidemies. Ons evalueer die drumpel getal en gebruik sensitiwiteitsanalise om die parameters van die model te analiseer. Tweedens, is ’n dinamiese sisteem genaamd die Middelmisbruik en dwelmverwante misdaad in dieWes-Kaap (SADC-WC) stelsel gebou met behulp van die STELLA platform om te verken en klassifiseer die onderliggende verhoudings en strukture binne die dwelmmisbruik en dwelm-verwante misdaad stelsel. Beide die sensitiwiteitsanalise, en die simulasies van die SADC-WC stelsel dui aan dat ’n toename in suksesvolle vonisse ’n beduidende invloed op die epidemies sal hê; en beloof om sake van dwelmverwante misdaad te verminder.
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22

Kimball, Bree A. Blackburn Ashley Gail. "Getting sober while incarcerated an exploratory analysis of correctional substance abuse treatment programs /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5156.

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23

Gaus, Joseph Stelmach. "Adolescent substance use as mediated by self reporting of motivation and associated circumstances." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184588.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of crack use among adolescents living in a large southwestern city, and to study relationships between crack use and marijuana use. This included investigating reasons as well as associated circumstances for both crack use and marijuana use; and whether marijuana use would predict crack use. High school seniors (N = 269) were asked to disclose information about their marijuana (and hashish) use and non-use, and crack use and non-use. Preliminary computation of the results revealed only 2.6% of respondents indicating crack use; thus statistical analysis of that data was not warranted. Computation of the results indicated 34% of respondents reporting marijuana use; therefore, the focus of the study shifted to marijuana exclusively, resulting in a final sample size of n = 92. Two specific phenomena were investigated: crack use and marijuana use. Discriminant analysis of the data was performed to (1) measure differences in frequencies (indicated as "seldom" and "occasionally") of respondents' marijuana use a predicted by particular circumstances and reasons for its use; and (2) to measure whether students' marijuana use would predict crack use. Statistical significance using Chi square and canonical correlation was calculated for each set of variables. Chi square (5) = 46.10 yielded significance (p <.001) for five of nine circumstances as predictors of marijuana use: "At a party" was the best discriminating variable. Chi square (4) = 36.73 yielded significance (p <.001) for four of thirteen reasons as predictors of marijuana use; "To get high" was the best discriminating reasons variable. The study succeeded in determining several drug-related attributions: (1) there is one-third less prevalence of crack use among adolescents in the area being researched than is reported nationally; (2) there is about the same prevalence of marijuana use as nationally reported; (3) there are specific associated circumstances which predict frequency of marijuana use; and (4) there are specific associated reasons which predict frequency of marijuana use. Finally, although it is not data-based, marijuana appears to be a predictor of crack use, i.e., all seven crack users reported having used marijuana prior to crack use.
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Casey, Kevin Francis. "Vulnerability to substance abuse: The striatal dopamine response to drug challenge." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121145.

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Drug addiction is a worldwide problem that imposes significant costs on society. Aggravating the problem is that we continue to have a poor understanding of vulnerability factors and treatment targets. To date the best implicated brain system is the ascending mesolimbic dopamine cell pathway and its regulation by descending cortical input. The present thesis first reviews the literature describing possible roles of dopamine in addiction, and the relationship between pre-frontal cortical function and striatal dopamine. The body of the thesis consists of three data chapters.In the first study we examined the possibility that young people at elevated risk for addiction based on a multi-generational family history (FH) of substance use problems might have perturbed mesolimbic dopamine responses. As a test, we used positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride to measure d-amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg, p.o.) induced striatal dopamine responses in: (1) high-risk young adults with a multigenerational FH of substance use disorders (FH+exposed), (2) stimulant drug-naïve healthy controls with no known risk factors for addiction (Ctls_naive), and (3) subjects matched to the high-risk group on personal drug use but without a FH of substance use problems (Ctls_exposed). We found that compared to either control group, the FH+exposed subjects exhibited smaller [11C]raclopride responses, with the largest effect in the right ventral striatum. Together, the results suggest that young people at familial high-risk for substance use disorders have decreased dopamine responses to an amphetamine challenge, an effect that predates the onset of addiction. In the second study we examined the variability in the striatal dopamine response to d-amphetamine as a function of cortical thickness. Marked individual differences in these responses are seen in laboratory animals, related in part to input from the prefrontal cortex, and substance dependent individuals are reported to have significant cortical thinning. Based on these observations, we measured the relation between cortical morphology and drug-induced striatal dopamine release in healthy adults. As expected, d-amphetamine produced significant reductions in [11C]raclopride binding potential in the striatum. There was substantial individual variability in this response, which was correlated with cortical thickness in the frontal lobe as a whole. A thicker cortex correlated with a smaller dopamine response. While prefrontal regulation of striatal function has been well studied, it was unclear if the thickness of the prefrontal cortex was an acceptable proxy to the function of that region. These results suggest it is. In the third study we applied the analysis of cortical thickness to all three groups described in the first study. Of particular interest was whether the blunted amphetamine-induced dopamine response seen in the family history positive group was related to alterations in cortical thickness. The same methods described in the second study were applied to the data from the first. We found that 1) FH+exposed subjects had thicker cortex, 2) as in the Ctls_naive, cortical thickness correlated with the dopamine response in FH+exposed subjects.Together, the studies provide evidence of a pre-existing or rapidly developing neurobiological difference in individuals at high risk for addictions. If vulnerable individuals can be identified reliably, it might be possible to provide early preventative interventions.
La toxicomanie est un problème mondial qui impose des coûts importants à la société. De plus, nous continuons à mal comprendre les facteurs de vulnérabilité et les objectifs de traitement. Jusqu'à date, le système neural impliqué le plus connu est le réseau cellulaire ascendant méso-striatale et sa régulation par des voies corticales descendantes. Cette thèse examine d'abord la littérature décrivant les rôles possibles de la dopamine dans la toxicomanie, et la relation entre la fonction corticale préfrontale et la dopamine dans le striatum. Le corps de la thèse est composé de trois chapitres de données. Dans la première étude, nous avons examiné la possibilité que les jeunes à risque élevé de toxicomanie, le risque étant basé sur une histoire de famille (HF) multi-générationnelle de troubles de toxicomanie, peuvent avoir des réponses mésolimbiques de la dopamine perturbées. En guise de test, nous avons utilisé la tomographie par émission de positrons (TEP) avec le [11C]raclopride pour mesurer la réponse induite par la d-amphétamine (0,3 mg / kg, po) dans le striatum chez: (1) des jeunes adultes à haut risque avec une HF multigénérationnelle de troubles de toxicomanie (HF+expérimentation), (2) des sujets sains n'ayant jamais pris de drogues stimulants et ne présentant aucun facteur de risque connu pour la toxicomanie (Ctls_naïfs), et (3) des sujets appariés au groupe à haut risque sur l'usage personnel de drogues, mais sans HF de troubles de toxicomanie (Ctls_expérimentation). Nous avons constaté que par rapport aux deux groupes de contrôle, le groupe HF + expérimentation présentaient des réponses de [11C]raclopride plus petites, particulièrement dans le striatum ventral droit. Ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que les jeunes à haut risque familial pour des troubles de toxicomanie ont des réponses dopaminergiques diminuées à un défi d'amphétamine, un effet présent avant l'apparition de la dépendance. Dans la seconde étude, nous avons examiné la variabilité de la réponse dopaminergique à la d-amphétamine dans le striatum en fonction de l'épaisseur corticale. Des différences individuelles marquées dans ces réponses peuvent être observées dans des animaux de laboratoire, associées en partie aux réseaux descendants du cortex préfrontal, et les toxicomanes démontrent un amincissement significatif du cortex. En se basant sur ces observations, nous avons enquêté sur la relation entre la morphologie corticale et la libération dopaminergique dans le striatum, induite par des médicaments, chez des adultes en bonne santé. En ligne avec nos prédictions, la d-amphétamine a engendré une réduction significative du potentiel de liaison du [11C] raclopride dans le striatum, qui était corrélée à l'épaisseur corticale du lobe frontal dans son ensemble. Un cortex plus épais était associé à une réponse dopaminergique plus petite. Bien que la régulation de la fonction préfrontale du striatum ait été bien étudiée, il n'était pas clair si l'épaisseur du cortex préfrontal était un substitut acceptable à la fonction de cette région. Ces résultats suggèrent que oui.Dans la troisième étude, nous avons appliqué l'analyse de l'épaisseur corticale aux trois groupes décrits dans la première étude. Un intérêt particulier était de savoir si la réponse dopaminergique induite par l'amphétamine diminuée observée dans le groupe avec une histoire familiale positive était associée à des altérations au niveau de l'épaisseur corticale. Nous avons constaté que 1) le groupe HF+expérimentation avait un cortex plus épais, 2) comme chez les Ctls_naïfs, l'épaisseur corticale était associée à la réponse dopaminergique dans le groupe FH+expérimentation. Ensemble, ces études fournissent des preuves d'une différence neurobiologique préexistante chez les individus à haut risque de toxicomanie. Si les personnes vulnérables peuvent être identifiées de façon fiable, il pourrait être possible d'offrir des interventions préventives précoces.
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Langsam, Adam H. "Juvenile Substance Abuse and Criminal Career Continuity." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2631/.

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The issue of juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity has become a nationwide concern in the last 3 decades. Social scientists and policymakers alike are concerned with the plausible relationship between juvenile drug abuse and adult crimes of high seriousness. This study represents an effort to examine the connection between juvenile drug abuse and criminal career continuity. This study has been conducted to examine the life course of the individual. The data came from Lyle Shannon's longitudinal study of the relationship between juvenile delinquency and adult crime in three birth cohorts from the city of Racine, Wisconsin The traditional social control approach toward reducing the likelihood of criminal career continuity is deterrence. The deterrence model asserts that people engage in certain kinds of behavior only after rational calculation of the costs versus the benefits. People who obey the law strive for the rewards of conformity and try to avoid the costs of criminal behavior. The threat of punishment increases the potential costs of breaking the law. Punishment is one sanction inducing such compliance. It must be realized, however, that deterrence does not have a linear effect across all types of offenders. The degree of deterrent effect on future criminal activity is often mitigated by the circumstances unique to an individual. The offender who is involved with drug abuse and the lifestyle that surrounds it best exemplifies this situation. This way of life diminishes the effectiveness of official deterrence techniques to an extent, because drug abuse is a biopsychosocial problem. In this study, the researcher pursued a number of concerns dealing with the question of whether juveniles who are delinquents and drug users are more likely to commit crimes as adults. The focus was on the juvenile recidivist and the juvenile drug user. The results indicate that those juveniles having a contact with the police are more likely to have a criminal career than are those who do not. Furthermore, those juveniles having a police contact for drugs are far more likely to commit crimes of high seriousness in adulthood than are those juveniles having police contact for non-drug crimes. In an analysis of sanctions, the results support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction are less likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than those who received no sanction. In addition, the empirical findings support the hypothesis that those juveniles receiving a sanction for a drug crime are more likely to commit an adult crime of high seriousness than are those juveniles who received a non-drug sanction. This result is likely due to the biopsycosocial nature of drug abuse. The results do not support the hypothesis that juvenile drug distributors are more likely to commit a crime of high seriousness in adulthood than are consumers. Also, the results suggest that there is no support for the hypothesis that juveniles who used hard drugs are more likely to commit adult crimes of high seriousness than are those who used marijuana only. These results suggest that once a juvenile is in the drug web, he/she becomes an active participant in a network of criminal activity.
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26

Carrano, Jennifer L. "Cumulative Genetic and Environmental Predictors of Youth Substance Use." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2910.

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Thesis advisor: Rebekah Levine Coley
Substance abuse and dependence are among the nation's leading health issues, leading to more illnesses, disabilities, and deaths than any other modifiable health condition. Substance use among youth is of particular concern, as rates are higher than among any other age group and because early use is associated with a higher risk of later abuse and dependence and a higher incidence of related risk-taking behavior. Thus, a better understanding of the causes of substance use problems is a central issue. The primary goal of this study was to examine genetic and environmental predictors of youth alcohol and drug abuse and dependence. This study expands upon extant research by being the first to utilize a genetic risk score (GRS) approach to examine the joint effect of four dopaminergic genetic polymorphisms on substance abuse and dependence, by incorporating cumulative measures of environmental risk and promotive factors, and by examining gene-environment interactions (GxEs) and gender differences in substance use predictors, thus allowing for a more comprehensive assessment of environmental and genetic influences than has previously been attempted. Analyses were conducted on a national longitudinal sample of 1,396 Caucasian youth who participated in surveys and DNA sampling in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, with individuals followed from adolescence (ages 12-18) into early adulthood (ages 24-32). Logistic regression analyses examined main and interactive effects of cumulative environmental risk and promotive factors and genetic risk scores on clinically significant alcohol and drug abuse and dependence in early adulthood. Analyses were conducted separately for males and females to examine gender differences in substance use predictors. Results show that a dopaminergic GRS index significantly predicted the likelihood that female, but not male, youth will meet clinical criteria for substance abuse and dependence, even after accounting for cumulative environmental influences. No evidence of GxE was found. These results provide a better understanding of the etiology of substance abuse and dependence and provide evidence of the utility of GRS methods for studying genetic influences on substance use behaviors
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
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27

Smith, Courtney E. "Influence of Parental Substance Abuse on Substance Use and Psychiatric Severity in Drug-Dependent Pregnant Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/2393.

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28

Jarman, Lennon. "Parental management of adolescent substance abuse." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/17625.

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The incidence and consequences of adolescent substance abuse for the health and well-being of adolescents, their significant others and society at large, have become an increasing concern. The early onset of substance use further enhances the potential for addiction, thus emphasizing the need for early identification and intervention. The literature and practice observations suggest that parental management, which includes parenting practices such as parental monitoring, clear rules about substance use and the modelling of protective, constructive behaviours, protects adolescents from the onset of substance use and interrupts the adolescent’s progression to substance abuse. This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe parental management of adolescent substance abuse in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. An exploratory- descriptive and contextual research design was employed in this study. Furthermore, non-probability purposive sampling, in conjunction with snowball sampling techniques, was employed to recruit parents who have or continue to manage their adolescents (between the ages of 13-18 years) substance abuse and the associated impact that it has of on the family in the past year. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with ten parents, and data collection ceased upon reaching data saturation. The generated data was analysed using thematic data analysis. The trustworthiness of the research process and the findings was enriched by engaging in a variety of data verification strategies. The following main themes emerged from the data analysis process: Participants’ perspective of adolescent substance use in their community; Participants’ experiences of their own child’s substance use; Impact of substance use on the family system; Participants’ perspective of their role in managing adolescent substance use; and, Participants’ support needs in relation to adolescent substance use. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of what parents require to effectively prevent and/or manage substance abuse by their adolescent children. The findings furthermore recommend preventive interventions at both primary and secondary level.
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McCarthy, Sara-Amanda, and Jennifer Ann Palmersheim. "Uncovering the methadone counseling process among recovering and non recovering chemical dependency counselors." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3129.

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The purpose of this study was to uncover the methadone counseling process among recovering and non-recovering chemical dependency counselors by examining the concepts and techniques utilized throughout the counseling process. This study examined whether the recovery status of a counselor affected the counselor's theoretical addiction model and the concepts and techniques that were utilized throughout the counseling process.
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30

Gilson, Brian P. "Surveying the views of alcohol and drug treatment providers on family involvement in treatment." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001gilsonb.pdf.

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31

McLachlan, Andre David. "Addiction Phenomenology In Substance Use And Non-Substance Use Disorders." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2314.

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There is growing research evidence and public concern over the burgeoning of disorders which share common features with substance addictions. In order to investigate the presence and role of addiction features in disorders outside of substance addictions, symptoms of addiction were explored within three addiction groups: alcohol dependence (AD), an established addiction (n = 24); pathological gambling (PG) a disorder with growing empirical support as an addiction (n = 20); and compulsive shopping (CS), a proposed 'novel' addiction(n = 20). Participants were recruited from either the general population, or from the Auckland Salvation Army Bridge residential alcohol and drug treatment programme; Salvation Army Oasis Gambling Service; Pacific Peoples Addiction Service Incorporated; or Te Kahui Hauora O Ngati Koata Trust. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures comprising a demographics questionnaire; Addictive Disorder Questionnaire (ADQ); anxiety and depression subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R); Barratt Impulsivity Scale II-r; and substance specific adaptations of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Three general categories of addiction symptoms: physiological, salience and dyscontrol, were identified as broad aspects of addiction, common across all three groups. Measurable aspects of addiction, including impulsivity, obsessions, anxiety and depression were found to be endorsed similarly across the three addictions, irrespective of the severity of their addiction. Compulsions were found to be higher in the AD group. Higher anxiety was found to be correlated with higher addiction in the behavioural addictions (CS and PG), whereas depression and anxiety were associated with higher addiction severity in the AD group. The results provide support for broadening addiction diagnostic definitions, to be more encompassing of the psychological and physiological experiences of each symptom; and developing different diagnostic categories for non-substance addictions that reflect the severity of the addiction. Results also provide evidence for developmental phases of addiction, from an early 'hedonistic' impulsive phase, to a compulsive phase, in which increased dyscontrol, mood and anxiety, marks the severity of the addiction.
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Hammes, Shelley. "Differences in developmental assets and alcohol and drug use of Siren students in grades 7-12 after one year." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002hammess.pdf.

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33

Hagaman, Angela M., and Stephanie M. Mathis. "Interprofessional Working Group Addresses Prescription Drug Abuse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3198.

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Northeast Tennessee has been disproportionately burdened by a high prevalence of opioid prescribing, prescription drug abuse, addiction, overdose, and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. The East Tennessee State University Prescription Drug Abuse and Misuse Working Group (PDAMWG) formed upon recognizing an urgent need for a collaborative, multi-faceted response to reduce prescription drug abuse. Composed of over 100 members from various agencies, organizations, and institutions, members of this highly interprofessional, university-sponsored working group include academic scholars, healthcare providers, pharmacists, elected officials, students, community members, and more. This collaboration has successfully generated multiple funded research projects and numerous evidence- and community-based initiatives targeting prescription drug abuse. This seminar will focus on substance abuse prevention, specifically the prevention of prescription drug abuse. In addition to providing a data supported summary of the epidemic in the region, this seminar will outline the historical development of the PDAMWG and describe past and present research and community-based initiatives. An emphasis will be on the continuous commitment of the PDAMWG to the development, dissemination, and implementation of evidence-based practices to reduce prescription drug abuse and improve population health in the region. This seminar will also document research as well as community-based outcomes of PDAMWG efforts. Consequently, participants will recognize the effectiveness of strong, cross-sector partnerships for population health improvement. Relatedly, participants will develop a concrete understanding of a collaborative approach that bridges academic research and community-based practice. Perhaps most importantly, participants will discover its potential for replication in other communities to support the achievement of maximum, evidence-based outcomes for various health concerns. Lastly, participants will be introduced to the underlying model of the PDAMWG, which visually depicts evidence-based strategies along the disease continuum. As a result, participants will appreciate the complexity of public health problems and the subsequent importance of a multi-pronged, evidence-based response to addressing them
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34

Jones-Castillo, Jennifer Lynn. "Characteristics and service needs of the pregnant substance abusing population." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/930.

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35

Groebner, Jeffrey Michael. "Pathological gambling and substance abuse in the Las Vegas arrestee population." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?1428559.

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36

Garrod, Harriet. "How does the wounded healer phenomenon manifest in ex-drink/drug addict counselling psychologists working in addiction?" Thesis, Regent's University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646048.

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This thesis investigates the phenomenological task of asking what the lived experience of the wounded healer is like for ex-drink/drug-addict Counselling Psychologists working in addiction. The wounded healer is a term that has been circulating in medical and psychotherapy circles for the past 150 years and has been associated with the helping professions and in particular addiction.
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37

Vassilev, Philip. "Arc and homer 1a expression following intravenous administration of heroin and cocaine : a novel application of the catFISH technique." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79700/.

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This thesis applies catFISH, a variant of the standard fluorescence in situ hybridisation technique, to study the neuronal ensembles activated by heroin and cocaine across brain structures involved in motivated behaviour, in the Sprague-Dawley rat. The first chapter reviews the pharmacology of heroin and cocaine, rodent models of drug-related behaviours, and heroin and cocaine's ability to trigger immediate-early gene expression when administered acutely or chronically. It is suggested that the empirical evidence points towards a significant separation between the neuronal systems engaged by the two drugs. The main goal of this thesis was to test whether this separation can be seen within brain areas playing a key role in motivation and reward (e.g. the nucleus accumbens). Since immediate-early genes serve as markers of neuronal activity, and catFISH is a technique which can detect the expression of such genes in response to two separate stimuli, the technique was chosen as the best method to test if heroin and cocaine activate the same neuronal ensembles when administered acutely. The second chapter summarises the methods used across experiments described in following chapters. The third chapter presents an experiment addressing the methodological issues associated with using catFISH to study pharmacological stimuli. The technique was originally used to study the hippocampus and brain activity triggered by stimuli with well-controlled on- and offset (e.g. exposure to a novel environment or discrete cues). Arguably, acute drug injections comprise a stimulus with an on- and offset which can only be controlled indirectly – they depend on the drug dose and route of administration, among other factors. It was shown that acute intravenous injections of heroin and cocaine at doses usually self-administered by animals are suitable stimuli to use with catFISH. Chapter four describes an experiment showing that, across the striatum, the neuronal ensembles activated by an injection of cocaine followed by an injection of heroin overlap significantly less than the neuronal ensembles activated by two consecutive injections of cocaine. This is interpreted as direct evidence for a significant separation between the neuronal pathways activated by heroin vs. cocaine, even in brain areas often considered a common neurobiological substrate for the effects of the two drugs. It must be noted that the magnitude and the nature of this separation depends on the particular part of the striatum and the order in which drugs are administered. Chapter five describes a pilot experiment attempting to incorporate the logic of the catFISH technique into a rodent drug self-administration paradigm. It was found that the rats preferred self-administering heroin over cocaine, and that there was no detectable expression of the homer 1a gene across the striatum in response to acute heroin and cocaine after extended experience with the two drugs. There was also no change from baseline expression of the homer 1a and arc genes in areas of the prefrontal cortex. Finally, chapter six summarises the main findings and the key methodological considerations from all three experiments. As a whole, it is suggested that the experiments in this thesis provide a proof of concept that heroin and cocaine are processed differently by the brain, even within brain areas considered to be common substrates for the reinforcing and addictive properties of the two drugs. Future studies should take this separation into account, as it may have important implications for understanding drug addiction as a whole. The appendices contain representative fluorescence microscopy images of brain tissue analysed for catFISH.
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38

Harder, Jennifer Pam. "A comprehensive study on the impact of asset building and value education among alcoholic and other drug abuse prevention in adolescents." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003harderj.pdf.

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39

Turner, Paul. "The Relationship Between Risk for Drug Abuse and Meaning in Life." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/891.

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Drug abuse continues to be one of the most significant problems in the United States today. Attempts to understand drug abuse have produced numerous multidimensional prevention and treatment models. These models have resulted in the identification of psychological, social and biological risk factors related to drug abuse. In this study, the risk for drug abuse was assessed in 311 college students. A questionnaire was developed to measure risk. The questionnaire assessed risk for abuse predicted by the following factors: academic performance, coping and psychological health, religiosity, family and peer drug use, and the individual's past and current drug use. Based on their risk scores students were placed into low, medium, or high risk groups. The participants also completed the Purpose in Life Test and Life Attitude Profile-Revised questionnaire which measured meaning in life. The results indicated that high risk students scored significantly lower on the global and composite scores of meaning in life. Consistent with the theories of Viktor Frankl, a lack of meaning in life and existential vacuum were related to risk for drug abuse. The results of this study suggest that lack of meaning in life may be an important contributing factor to drug abuse. These data suggest that meaning in life is a relevant issue to be considered in the prevention and treatment of drug abuse.
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40

Mintz, Lora B. "Substance Abuse Education for Newly Licensed Registered Nurses." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn1588325931844645.

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41

Watkins, Philip A. ""Waltzing with the monster" interventions with the substance-abusing adolescent for pastors, treatment providers, and family /." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2006. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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42

Hagemeier, Nicholas E. "Prescription Drug Abuse: Reflections and Visioning." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1433.

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43

Weeks, Kristie Graham 1952. "BIRTH ORDER AND PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITION OF ACADEMIC AND SUBSTANCE ABUSING WOMEN." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275557.

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44

De, Pirro Silvana. "Substance-specific modulation of the affective and neurobiological effects of heroin and cocaine in human addicts." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71904/.

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This dissertation investigates how the settings of drug use influence the affective and neurobiological response to heroin versus cocaine in addicts. Chapter 1 reviews the neuropharmacology of heroin and cocaine and the theoretical background for drugs-settings interactions, including a detailed discussion of findings from previous studies in animals and humans that show how the same settings can influence in opposite directions the reinforcing effect of heroin and cocaine. Cocaine self-administration, for example, was greatly facilitated when rats were tested outside the home environment relative to rats test at home. The opposite pattern was found for heroin. Translational studies in humans yielded similar results. Indeed, heroin and cocaine co-abusers reported using the two drugs in distinct settings: heroin preferentially at home and cocaine preferentially outside the home. The aim of this dissertation is to determine whether the setting could also influence in opposite manner the affective and neurobiological response to heroin and cocaine in human addicts. Chapter 2 illustrates the findings of a study aimed at testing the hypothesis that the affective state experienced under cocaine or heroin is the result of an interaction between central and peripheral drug effects and the surroundings of drug use. According to this hypothesis, when cocaine is taken at home there is a mismatch between the familiar environment and the peripheral effects such as arousal, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and increased muscular tension (which are usually produced in stressful situations). This mismatch dampens cocaine-rewarding effects. A mismatch would also occurs when heroin (which produces sedation and decreases heart rate, respiratory rate, and muscular tension) is used outside the home in contexts requiring vigilance. We found indeed that co-abusers subjectively experienced opposite changes in arousal, heart rate, respiratory rate, and muscular tension in response to cocaine (increase) versus heroin (decrease). Most important, using a novel two-dimensional visual test, we found that in agreement with the working hypothesis the valence of the affective state produced by heroin and cocaine shifted in opposite directions as a function of the setting of drug use: heroin was reported to be more pleasant at home than outside the home, and vice versa for cocaine. Chapter 3 illustrates the results of in which emotional imagery was combined with fMRI to investigation the neurobiological underpinnings of drug and setting interactions in addicts. Heroin and cocaine co-abusers were asked to recreate real-world settings of drug use during fMRI. In agreement with the working hypothesis, we found that heroin and cocaine imagery produced opposite changes in BOLD in the prefrontal cortex and in the striatum, regions implicated in brain reward in humans. Furthermore the same pattern of dissociation was observed in the cerebellum, suggesting that that a fronto-triatal-cerebellar network is implicated in processing drug-setting interactions. Chapter 4 includes a summary of the results, a general discussion, and suggestions for future research and implication. The major finding is that the environment surrounding drug use can influence in opposite manner the affective and neurobiological response to heroin and cocaine, suggesting that therapeutic approaches to the treatment of drug addiction should take into account the distinctive effects of different classes of drugs as well as the contexts of drug use. The Appendix includes reprints of two papers reporting on additional studies conducted during the course of the Ph.D. program, which are not directly germane to the aims of the dissertation. Other three papers are in the pre-submission stage.
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45

Redl, Donnie. "Factors in older adults' resistance to substance abuse treatment." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2342.

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46

Tetrault, David E. "Select Counselors' perspectives on alcohol and substance abuse among Hispanic adolescents." Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2006. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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47

Pack, Robert P., and Stephanie M. Mathis. "An Evidence-Based Response to Prescription Drug Abuse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3201.

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48

Faulkner, Briar Lee. "Chemical dependency treatment: An examination of following continuing care recommendations." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2145.

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The purpose of this study was to determine what influence scheduled phone contacts would have on the extent of follow-through of continuing care recommednations by participants after treatment. Continuing care recommendations associated with ongoing sobriety include going to another level of care (individual therapy, group therapy, outpatient treatment), attending twelve-step meetings and communicating with a sponsor. Continuing care recommendations are typically written and referred to as a continuing care plan.
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49

Smith, Donna Carroll. "Substance use attitudes and behaviors of students with learning disabilities." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092148415.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 202 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-202).
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50

Hagemeier, Nicholas E. "Prescribing Practices and Prescription Drug Abuse." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1431.

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