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Academic literature on the topic 'Substance grise centrale du mésencéphale'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substance grise centrale du mésencéphale"
Menant, Ophélie. "Description de l'organisation anatomique de la substance grise périaqueducale chez la brebis adulte : une région cérébrale impliquée dans les émotions." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4027/document.
Full textThe periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is a brain region involved in the expression of emotional responses in mammals and is described as the structure of the coping style of behaviours in rats and cats. The PAG is composed of several subdivisions that are distinguished by functional and anatomical specificities. Particularly, they have connections specificities with the rest of the brain. In order to examine the place of the PAG in the neuronal circuit of emotions in sheep, a gregarious species, we described the PAG connections using neuronal tracer and tractography by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. In this way, we have shown that the sheep PAG is composed of subdivisions which have connections with brain structures involved in emotions. These results, consistent with those obtained in other mammals, place PAG in the neuronal circuit of emotions. Our study also shows that the organization of the sheep PAG connections is more similar to those described in social species than those described in territorial and/or predatory species. Following the knowledge obtained in these studies, now we can initiate functional studies and thus confirm the role of the sheep PAG in emotional processes
Vulser, Hélène. "Etude en imagerie par résonance magnétique des substrats neuro-anatomiques de la dépression sub-syndromique chez l'adolescent." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066613/document.
Full textNeuroimaging findings have been reported in emotional regions in both adults and adolescents with depression but it still remains unknown whether such brain alterations can be detected before depression onset or reflect disease progression. Although subthreshold-depression in adolescence is a condition at risk for Major Depressive Disorder, not all youths with subthreshold depression will develop full-syndrome depression. Thus, studying brain correlates of subthreshold-depression in adolescence may inform on the pathophysiology of depression. We used clinical and, T1 weighted and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from the IMAGEN study, an European and population-based cohort of 2131 adolescents recruited from secondary schools at age 14 and followed-up at age 16. Regional gray and white matter morphometry and white matter microstructure were compared between adolescents with subthreshold-depression and healthy control adolescents. Macro and micro structural brain changes were found in adolescents with subthreshold-depression in regions involved in Major Depressive Disorder. The relation between subthreshold-depression at baseline and clinical depression at follow-up was mediated by lower medial-prefrontal gray matter volume in girls and by lower fractional anisotropy in tracts projecting from the corpus callosum to the anterior cingulate cortex in both sexes. The findings suggest that subthreshold-depression in early adolescence is associated with structural volumetric and connectivity changes in emotion-regulation circuits, and that some of these changes might denote high risk for later clinical depression
Hannoun, Salem. "Détection et suivi longitudinal des anomalies de la substance blanche et de la substance grise dans la sclérose en plaques par des approches régionales et statistiques d’IRM de tenseur de diffusion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10031/document.
Full textIf magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows the inflammatory nature of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions, there is no marker capable of predicting its evolution or characterizing neurodegeneration. Therefore, the aim of this work was first, to identify markers of tissue integrity by diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) for the detection of inflammatory and/or degenerative tissue damages, and second, to characterize their changes with time using a longitudinal analysis of patients with different clinical forms. To this end, we first proposed a regional approach based on several white (WM) and gray (GM) matter regions of interest, and second, a statistical approach for the analysis of global WM anisotropy changes (TBSS) and GM density changes (VBM). WM analysis showed variations of the fractional anisotropy (FA), and radial and axial diffusivities, reflecting myelin and axonal damage respectively, while the GM analysis showed increased FA suggesting neuronal dendritic loss. TBSS and VBM analysis showed abnormalities affecting mostly subcortical regions in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS which extended to cortical regions in patients with progressive MS. Longitudinally, we mainly observed WM FA changes and GM atrophy in RR patients. This work showed that DTI is a sensitive method for the detection and a better understanding of brain alterations and their progression in MS
Vachon, Marie Paule. "Le système du renforcement diencéphalique dorsal et de la substance grise centrale." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7710.
Full textChaudun, Fabrice. "Involvement of dorsomedial prefrontal projections pathways to the basolateral amygdala and ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter in conditioned fear expression." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0118/document.
Full textA central endeavour of modern neuroscience is to understand the neural basis of learningand how the selection of dedicated circuits modulates experience-dependent changes inbehaviour. Decades of research allowed a global understanding of the computations occurring inhard-wired networks during associative learning, in particular fear behaviour. However, brainfunctions are not only derived from hard-wired circuits, but also depend on modulation of circuitfunction. It is therefore realistic to consider that brain areas contain multiple potential circuitswhich selection is based on environmental context and internal state. Whereas the role of entirebrain areas such as the amygdala (AMG), the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) or theperiaqueductal grey matter (PAG) in fear behaviour is reasonably well understood at themolecular and synaptic levels, there is a big gap in our knowledge of how fear behaviour iscontrolled at the level of defined circuits within these brain areas. More particularly, whereas thedmPFC densely project to both the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and PAG, the contributions ofthese two projections pathway during fear behaviour are largely unknown. Beside theinvolvement of these neuronal pathways in the transmission of fear related-information, theneuronal mechanisms involved in the encoding of fear behaviour within these pathways are alsovirtually unknown. In this context, the present thesis work had two main objectives. First,evaluate the contribution of the dmPFC-BLA and dmPFC-vlPAG pathways in the regulation offear behaviour, and second, identify the neuronal mechanisms controlling fear expression in thesecircuits. To achieve these goals, we used a combination of single unit and local field potentialrecordings coupled to optogenetic approaches in behaving animals submitted to a discriminativefear conditioning paradigm. Our results first, identified a novel neuronal mechanism of fear expression based on the development of 4 H oscillations within dmPFC-BLA circuits thatdetermine the dynamics of freezing behaviour and allows the long-range synchronization offiring activities to drive fear behaviour. Secondly, our results identified the precise circuitry at thelevel of the dmPFC and vlPAG that causally regulate fear behaviour. Together these data provideimportant insights into the neuronal circuits and mechanisms of fear behaviour. Ultimately thesefindings will eventually lead to a refinement of actual therapeutic strategies for pathological conditions such as anxiety disorders