Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Substances à potentiel d'abus'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 15 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Substances à potentiel d'abus.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Jouanjus, Emilie. "Identification des complications graves associées à l'usage de substances psychoactives." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2123/.
Full textThe French Addictovigilance system is unique in Europe. However, it is not meant to reliably and exhaustively comprehend the dangerousness of drugs with potential of abuse. Notably, the under-reporting of serious abuse and dependence cases raises the issue of the relevance of using these data to assess the medical complication risk associated with psychoactive drug use. Another possible approach could be the use of administrative computerized hospital databases. We used data from the French hospital database PMSI (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information) to estimated the frequency of complications related to psychoactive substance use. First, three-source-capture-recapture analysis was applied. Then, cannabis-related hospitalizations identified from PMSI were systematically reviewed. These studies revealed a relatively high prevalence of cardiovascular complications, and these findings led us to specifically characterize cannabis-related cardiovascular complications at the national level by using the data collected by the French Addictovigilance System (i. E. Spontaneous Reports). To conclude, this thesis enabled to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize psychoactive-drug-related-complications, particularly cannabis. Doing so, we assessed the relevance of the data sources which can possibly be explored to identify serious complications related to psychoactive drug use (including PMSI), and defined methodological criteria in order to make the best use of them
Houle, Josée. "Le potentiel d'abus et les mères adolescentes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1643/1/030105402.pdf.
Full textChapy, Hélène. "Identification fonctionnelle et moléculaire d'un transporteur de psychotropes et substances d'abus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05P603.
Full textThe central nervous system is a privilege organ protected by histological barriers between the blood and the nervous tissue. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) separate cerebral parenchyma and retina from the circulating blood and both express tight junctions and membrane transporters, allowing a precise regulation of the exchanges between the blood and nervous tissues. We studied a new cationic transporter functionally evidenced at the mouse BBB. This molecularly unknown transporter belong to the solute carrier super family (SLC) and is a proton antiporter. It could constitute a new actor in the cerebral permeability and may be a new brain access pathway. First, we worked on the functional identification studying new substrates and new localization. Psychotropic brain transport was studied in vivo by brain in situ perfusion on mouse and in vitro with human immortalized endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3). We showed that cocaine brain entry depends on passive diffusion but also mainly on a proton antiporter. Brain entry rate of drugs of abuse is associated with modulation of addiction liability, making this transporter a new component of brain entry of cocaine, and also nicotine and some amphetamines such as ecstasy and MDPV. This proton antiporter appears to be a new potential target in addiction. Various chemical entities interact with this transporter; however concentrations used to inhibit the transporter are much higher than the one possibly found in the blood. In order to help find or design new selective and potent inhibitors, we developed a pharmacophore model of the proton antiporter inhibitors using in vitro data and the FLAPpharm approach. The model predicts well new possible inhibitors of this transporter. We also studied the impact of the ABC transporters and the proton antiporter at the BBB and the BRB using specific or multi-specific substrates such as verapamil. The proton antiporter is functionally expressed at the BRB and transports clonidine, DPH and verapamil. However, for the multi-specific (P-gp and SLC) compound verapamil, influx transport by the proton antiporter is visible at the BBB only when P-gp efflux is neutralized. On the contrary, at the BRB, the proton antiporter influx is always visible. This is certainly due to the lower impact (by 6.3 fold) of P-gp at the BRB compared to the BBB. These results show the difficulty to predict the functional impact of a transporter for multi-specific compounds and a probable transport prioritization. Finally we worked on the molecular identification of the proton antiporter using a photolabeling method. This work evidenced the importance of the proton antiporter in the brain distribution of psychotropic and drugs of abuse and opened toward new perspectives in addiction and transport comprehension
Cyr, Debbra. "Le degre de satisfaction à donner des soins en tant que médiateur du potentiel d'abus chez les personnes-soutien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0017/MQ47259.pdf.
Full textBoisclair, Hélène. "Le potentiel d'abus des mères négligentes & à risque : lien avec leur niveau de dépression et la perception qu'elles ont de leur enfant." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1997. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4838/1/000634330.pdf.
Full textDeshayes, Maria. "Contribution à la connaissance chimique et évaluation du potentiel biologique de Ludwigia leptocarpa (Onagracées) des Antilles françaises." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0676/document.
Full textLudwigia Leptocarpa species (Onagraceae) is present in Caribean landscape, it remains unknown by French West Indies population. However, in Nigeria the leaves are recommended to treat rheumatism, dysentery and as laxative or deworming. The lack of data phytochemical on this plant justifies our study choice. A phytochemical screening carried out on crude extracts from leaves, fruits and stems highlighted terpenoids presence in hexane and dichloromethane crude extracts and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) in methanol and water cmde extracts. The biological potentials evaluation of apolar extracts showed interesting antibiotic (E. coli and S. aureus) and inflammatory activities. Polar extracts present antioxidant, antibiotic (E. coli and S. aureus), antifungal (C albicans and C tropicalis), and viral (HSV-l) potential. Volatile fraction study of lcave, stems and aerial parts by Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) 100 to theidentification of 54 compounds. GCIMS analysis conducted on leaves and fruits apolar extracts underlined the presence of fatty acid, triterpenes and steroids. Leaves polar extract fractionnation and purification resulted to isolation and identification of 8 phenolic componuds including 1 polyhydroxylated acid, 3 phenolic acids, 2 flavonoids and 2 gallic tannins. The addition of new scientific data on L. /eptocarpa contributes to the enhancement of this local plant rnaterial and suggests many opportunities for research and application
Roger, Gaëlle. "Structure et dynamique de substances humiques et polyélectrolytes modèles en solution." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00531539.
Full textRoy, Nathalie. "Le potentiel d'abus physique envers l'enfant chez le père dans des familles ayant des difficultés psychosociales : contribution du stress parental et des caractéristiques de l'enfant." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4819/1/000626951.pdf.
Full textJacquet, Nelly. "Étude "in vitro" du potentiel cancérogène d'organofluorés sur cellules embryonnaires de hamster Syrien (SHE)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0394.
Full textPerfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is a collective name for fluorinated surfactants and polymers with the general structure CF3-(CF2)n-SO3- (sulfonates) or CF3-(CF2)n-1-CO2- .(acids). This group is characterized by a high persistence, bioaccumulation and long term toxicity which are rising environmental and public health concerns. In the present work, we analyzed the in vitro carcinogenic potential of the two major PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and their substitute, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Cell transformation assays were carried out on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells in a 7 day-treatment using the standard and the initiation-promotion protocols. Genotoxicity was tested using the comet assay. PFOS was not genotoxic on SHE cells, but it induced cell transformation at non cytotoxic concentrations 0,37 and 3,7 µM (p<=0,01). These concentrations coincided with serum PFOS concentrations measured in occupationally exposed workers. An increased expression of PPARs was registered after 7 days. The ppar-beta/gamma mRNA appeared to increase rapidly (24 hours after PFOS treatment) at concentrations closely related to cell transformation (p<=0,05). PFOA was inactive alone, but induced cell transformation of SHE cells pre-initiated with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Therefore PFOA was shown to act as a tumor promoter and a non genotoxic carcinogen at a large range of concentrations (3,7 x 10-4 à 37 µM). This range of concentrations covered seric concentrations in non-occupationally exposed and occupationally exposed populations. PFBS was negative alone and on BaP-pretreated SHE cells. For this reason, its use as a substitute for PFOS appears to be justified. To conclude, the cell transforming potenty of PFOS and PFOA denotes in vitro carcinogenic potential. Consequently, the hypothesis of their implication in human cancer recorded in occupationally exposed populations cannot be ruled out
Maisnier-Patin, Sophie. "Potentiel inhibiteur de la nisine et de deux autres substances antibactériennes vis-à-vis de Listeria monocytogenes et problèmes soulevés par leur utilisation en technologie fromagère." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10353.
Full textChabas, Jean-François. "Etudes pré-cliniques du potentiel thérapeutique de deux molécules neuroprotectrices et neurorégénératrices (Tacrolimus et Vitamine D) dans la réparation des nerfs périphériques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20666.
Full textNerve repair remains a challenge for surgeons who have to face unpredictable and very often disappointing outcomes. These suboptimal results have prompted researches on molecules that support cell survival and stimulate axonal outgrowth.For this research project, we chose to compare two AFSSAPS-approved compounds which display a have well documented immunomodulatory role and are suspected to act, within the nervous system, as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative molecules. On the one hand, we elected FK506 (Tacrolimus) that promotes nerve regeneration in addition to its immunosuppressant properties. However this molecule may induce critical side effects. On the other hand, we opted for vitamin D whose neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions are increasingly recognized.The aims of the research project were to:1. assess the potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D on peripheral nerve regeneration and compare its efficiency to FK506;2. compare the efficiency of two doses (100 and 500 IU/kg/d) of the two main forms of vitamin D: vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol);3. get an insight on the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of vitamin D3.In a first study (Chabas et al, 2009), we observed that FK506 significantly increased the diameter of regenerated axons in the distal portion of the graft and potentiates metabosensitive nerve fiber regeneration.In a second study (Chabas et al, 2008), we observed that vitamin D2 potentiates axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system.In a third study, we observed that vitamin D3 is more efficient than vitamin D2 and, when delivered at high dose (500 IU/kg/day), cholecalciferol induces a dramatic locomotor and electrophysiological recovery and increases the number of preserved or newly formed axons in the proximal end and neurite myelination in both the distal and proximal ends. Using cDNA microarrays, we also performed an in vitro study on vitamin D-treated Schwann cells or dorsal root ganglia and observed that vitamin D3 triggers the expression of several genes involved in axogenesis and myelination.Altogether, these data indicate that vitamin D3 is a potent neurotrophic and myelinating agent that can be tested in phase I clinical trials for nerve repair
Van, Gijsel-Bonnello Manuel. "Neuroinflammation et perturbations métaboliques au cours du vieillissement cérébral normal et pathologique (maladie d'Alzheimer) : exploration du potentiel protecteur de la pantéthine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5058/document.
Full textWe used two mouse models to explore the age-related cerebral alterations, under physiological and pathological conditions (Alzheimer’s disease), i.e. senescence accelerated SAM-P8 and transgenic 5xFAD mice.In the two models, mice showed signs of neuroinflammation with release of the major inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Such events were undoubtedly of endogenous origin as they did not occur in the controls. It should be underlined that, since 5xFAD astrocytes were collected in newborns, their inflammatory status means that neuroinflammation is a very early step of Alzheimer’s disease pathological process, upstream of β-amyloid accumulation.Since in a complex disease such as Alzheimer’s brain insults result not from a single cause but from multiple pathological processes, we explored the protective effects of pantethine, a low-molecular-weight, multifunctional agent which has been shown to exert protective effects in several neurodegenerative diseases through multiple convergent mechanisms. In our study, pretreatment of astrocytes and treatment of mice with pantethine moderated age-related alterations. Moreover, it enhanced HIF-1α expression via the modulation of the Krebs’ cycle and proteasomal activities. In addition, a genome wide transcriptomic analysis from hippocampus samples of 5xFAD mice showed that pantethine attenuated most of gene overexpression in transgenic vs WT mice.In conclusion, we found that neuroinflammation lays at the root of Alzheimer’s disease pathological process and is also present in aging mice. Pantethine, this natural and well-tolerated compound could therefore prevent the disease development and temper the deleterious aging effects
Rammal, Hassan. "L'anxiété trait et son lien avec l'expression des sous-unités des récepteurs (GABAA, 5-HT1A, µ-opioïdes et x1-adrénérgiques) et des marqueurs du stress oxydatif au niveau du SNC (neurones et cellules gliales) et au niveau périphérique (immunité cellulaire et humorale) : évaluation des effets de substances naturelles à potentiel cytoprotecteur." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ018S/document.
Full textIn this study, genes expression from four central receptors (GABAA, 5-HT1A, m-opioïdes and a1-adrenergic) involved in the modulation of anxiety was assessed. The impact of anxiety on the cellular and humoral immunity and on the oxidative status at the SNC (neurons and glial cells) and peripheral (lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes) level was highlighted. At the same time, the effect of anxiety coupled with an anxiogenic restraint stress, on the cellular and humoral immunity was also evaluated. Indeed, the high level of anxiety induced firstly, a significant depressive effect on cellular (total lymphocytes, TCD4+ and TCD8+) and humoral (IgA and IgE) immunity, and secondly, a significant increase of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the hippocampus and in the peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. In the same way, the anxiety coupled to acute and chronic restraint stress provoked, a depression of some parameters of cellular (total lymphocytes, TCD4+, TCD8+ and NK) and humoral (IgA, E and G) immunity, and a stimulation of others (granulocytes and monocytes). These works thus made it possible to validate scientifically the anxiogenic character of the model of restraint stress, to establish in a valid and reproducible way the bond and the correlation between the high level of anxiety in animals and their oxidative status inductive of a cytotoxicity as well as the role of the expression of coding genes of 4 receptors in the expression of this high anxiety and of a significant oxidative status at the level of the peripheral cells of the immune system and the neurons and glial cells at the central level
Kernalléguen, Angéline. "Caractérisation et localisation des xénobiotiques dans les cheveux par spectrométrie de masse Maldi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0754.
Full textHair analysis is now recognized as a relevant tool in the field of toxicology. It provides a precise history of an individual’s exposure to drugs, whether it is a punctual or repeated consumption.Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) has many advantages over conventional techniques: the amount of hair needed is reduced, the sample preparation is simplified and the images are acquired with high spatial resolution (~ 100 μm).MALDI (MALDI-MSn) imaging allowed us to characterize and map the evolution of drugs amounts along the hair with very spatial resolution avoiding long and complex pre-sample preparation.MALDI coupled to Microaarays for Mass Spectrometry (MAMS) allowed us to develop a method for semi-quantitation of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and cocaethylene using 1 mg of hair and 2 hours of extraction; the results are well correlated with a validated quantification method. This method is relevant when urgent results are required.In total, the development of these two applications demonstrates the relevance of MALDI mass spectrometry in the toxicological analysis of hair. The prospects are to improve these protocols in order to transpose them routinely and to develop large screening methods by MALDI mass spectrometry
Perrottet, Daniela. "Description des relations familiales : la perspective d’hommes en situation d’itinérance atteints de troubles concomitants." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13990.
Full textHomeless people are largely represented of men and account for some culture in which we identify people with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse. Already vulnerable because of their precarious housing status, people with this conjunction are even more vulnerable and tend to be more isolated from their families than those who don’t meet this dual challenge. Family support is however recognized as an element favoring the commitment of health behaviors and reducing homelessness. The purpose of this targeted ethnography was to described, in terms of men experiencing homelessness suffering from co-occurring mental health and substance abuse, their relationships with their families. Different degrees of participant observation in the Old Brewery Mission and interviews with nine key informants were the main data collection methods. The analysis of qualitative data was supported by the guide proposed by Roper and Shapira (2000) and constructivist epistemology and the family systematic approach of Calgary (Wright & Leahey, 2013) who were the frameworks of this study. The results highlight three themes explaining 1) the influence of the living environment in family relationships, 2) the conflictual content of these relations and 3) the perceived family support. Finally, recommendations for nursing practice and ways to future research are suggested.