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Academic literature on the topic 'Substitute measures'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Substitute measures"

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Dikolli, Shane S., Christian Hofmann, and Susan L. Kulp. "Interrelated Performance Measures, Interactive Effort, and Incentive Weights." Journal of Management Accounting Research 21, no. 1 (2009): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar.2009.21.1.125.

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ABSTRACT: This study uses principal-agent analysis to investigate how the principal's use of performance measures in the agent's compensation contract are affected by (1) links between performance measures and (2) substitute and complementary characteristics of an agent's efforts. We show that the directional effect of changes in performance measure interrelations on linear incentive weights depends on how the agent's tasks interact with each other (i.e., substitute or complementary interactions). For example, increases in performance measure interrelations do not necessarily imply higher ince

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Bradley, Paul S., Carlos Lago-Peñas, and Ezequiel Rey. "Evaluation of the Match Performances of Substitution Players in Elite Soccer." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 3 (2014): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0304.

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Purpose:To evaluate match performances of substitute players using different research designs.Methods:English Premier League matches were analyzed using a multiple-camera system. Two research designs were adopted: an independent-measures analysis comparing the match-performance characteristics of players completing the entire match (n = 810) vs substitutes (n = 286) and the players they replaced (n = 286) and a repeated-measures analysis comparing the same players completing full matches vs those in which they were introduced as a substitute (n = 94).Results:Most substitutions (P < .05) occ

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Mølhave, Lars. "Biomarkers and other substitute measures in indoor air sciences." Indoor Air 13, no. 4 (2003): 369–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0905-6947.2003.00227.x.

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Vrettos, Dimitris. "Are Relative Performance Measures in CEO Incentive Contracts Used for Risk Reduction and/or for Strategic Interaction?" Accounting Review 88, no. 6 (2013): 2179–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50548.

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ABSTRACT: This study offers evidence that the use of RPE (Relative Performance Evaluation) in CEO incentive contracting depends on the type of strategic competition between a firm and its peers. Specifically, CEO pay is negatively (positively) associated with peer-group performance when firms compete as strategic substitutes (complements). This finding suggests that firms provide CEO incentives in order to influence strategic interaction with peer firms. Further, the directionally opposite pay-for-peer-group-performance sensitivities, i.e., negative (positive) for substitutes (complements), ca

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Rosenthal, James M. "Should Courts Impose RICO's Pretrial Restraint Measures on Substitute Assets?" Michigan Law Review 93, no. 5 (1995): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1289993.

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Botzen, W. J. Wouter, Howard Kunreuther, and Erwann Michel-Kerjan. "Protecting against disaster risks: Why insurance and prevention may be complements." Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 59, no. 2 (2019): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11166-019-09312-6.

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Abstract We examine mechanisms as to why insurance and individual risk reduction activities are complements instead of substitutes. We use data on flood risk reduction activities and flood insurance purchases by surveying more than 1000 homeowners in New York City after they experienced Hurricane Sandy. Insurance is a complement to loss reduction measures undertaken well before the threat of suffering a loss, which is the opposite of a moral hazard effect of insurance coverage. In contrast, insurance acts as a substitute for emergency preparedness measures that can be taken when a loss is immi

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Tudela-Marco, Lorena, Jose-Maria Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, and Victor Martinez-Gomez. "Are Non-Tariff Measures a Substitute for Tariffs in Agricultural Trade?" Outlook on Agriculture 43, no. 4 (2014): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2014.0187.

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Gill, Diane L., Betty C. Kelley, Jeffrey J. Martin, and Christina M. Caruso. "A Comparison of Competitive-Orientation Measures." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 13, no. 3 (1991): 266–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.3.266.

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We compared two sport-specific measures of competitive orientation, the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; Gill & Deeter, 1988) and the Competitive Orientation Inventory (COI; Vealey, 1986), and an alternative 4-item version of the COL Male and female athletes and nonathletes at two small colleges completed questionnaire packets. Competitive-orientation scores were similar to those reported in previous research. The 4-item measure correlated with the COI, and neither of those measures correlated with the SOQ. As in previous studies, males scored higher than females on SOQ competitivenes

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Luck, Joshua, Timo Rodi, Alexander Geierlehner, and Afshin Mosahebi. "Allogeneic Skin Substitutes Versus Human Placental Membrane Products in the Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Narrative Comparative Evaluation of the Literature." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 18, no. 1 (2019): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734618818301.

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Outcomes following standard wound care (SWC) for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remain suboptimal. Supplementing SWC with tissue engineered allogeneic cellular wound therapies represents an emerging treatment strategy. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of allogeneic skin substitutes and human placental membrane allografts in the management of DFUs. Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched from inception to October 2017. Any randomized controlled trial (RCT) with an allogeneic skin substitute or placental membrane allograft intervention group was included. Our primary ou

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Kósa, Balázs, Márton Balassi, Péter Englert, and Attila Kiss. "Betweenness versus Linerank." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 1 (2015): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis141101092k.

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In our paper we compare two centrality measures of networks, betweenness and Linerank. Betweenness is widely used, however, its computation is expensive for large networks. Calculating Linerank remains manageable even for graphs of billion nodes, it was offered as a substitute of betweenness in [12]. To the best of our knowledge the relationship between these measures has never been seriously examined. We calculate the Pearson?s and Spearman?s correlation coefficients for both node and edge variants of these measures. For edges the correlation tends to be rather low. Our tests with the Girvan-

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substitute measures"

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Chen, Tzu-Ling, and 陳姿伶. "The Influence of Supplementary Measures of Tax Policy on the Junior High Substitute Teachers in Taichung." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g76967.

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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>公共行政與政策學系<br>100<br>After more than forty years, the cancellation of the tax-free policy of teachers had been passed by Legislative Yuan. Both of the elementary school teachers and junior high school teachers have to pay income tax in 2012. The Ministry of Education made three relevant supplementary measures. First, the government will help subsidize the employment of administrative human power and student counselors in schools. Second, increase the tutor’s fee to 4000 dollars in 2013. Third, reduce the teaching hours. The elementary school teachers can at least reduce 2 hour

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Yan-jun-Wang and 王彥鈞. "The Comparative Study on the Substitutive Measure of Detention." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8kbybg.

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Jantzi, Kevin Ladean. "Solution and chelation properties of ortho-substituted phenyllithium derivatives ; II. solution and chelation properties of 3-substituted 2-thienyllithium derivatives ; III. development of a quantitative measure of chelation strength using [alpha]-trimethylsilyl- substituted vinyllithium reagents." 2004. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.

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Kita, Alban. "An innovative SHM solution for earthquake- induced damage identification in historic masonry structures." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76147.

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Tese de Doutoramento Engenharia Civil<br>O principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação dizia respeito ao desenvolvimento e validação de uma metodologia inovadora para a deteção, localização e quantificação de danos causados por sismos em estruturas históricas de alvenaria. A metodologia proposta, designado por DORI, baseia-se na combinação de métodos baseados em dados e métodos inovadores baseados em modelos, abordando a identificação de dano com base na análise modal operacional (OMA), modelação rápida de substitutos e análise dinamica incremental (IDA) para edifícios de alvenaria

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Čvančara, Michal. "Správní tresty za přestupky a ochranná opatření." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404681.

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1 Abstract - Administrative penalties and protection measures Description of all administrative penalties and protection measures is the primary goal of this thesis. Due to wide extent of chosen subject, this work aims to individual categories of administrative penalties and protection measures, examines every single condition for its imposition a notices possible contradiction within legislation. The thesis does not include the criteria for imposing penalties, noticed set from section 37 till section 44 Contraventions Act which serve as instruments for determination and length of penalties. C

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Books on the topic "Substitute measures"

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The International code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes: An international measure to protect and promote breast-feeding. Kluwer Law International, 1998.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. Law and Public Safety Committee. Public hearing before Senate Law and Public Safety Committee: Senate committee substitute for Assembly concurrent resolution no. 2 and Senate concurrent resolution no. 86 : proposes amendment to Constitution regarding parental notification for medical or surgical procedures or treatments relating to pregnancy to be performed on minor children. The Committee, 2001.

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Internal Revenue Service: Preparing substitute for returns for individuals. The Office, 2000.

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Findings and recommendations of the Gangs in Schools Task Force: As required by Substitute Senate Bill 5097 (2007 Session). Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2008.

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Hester, R. E., Joel Tickner, R. M. Harrison, Gregory Morose, and Jay Bolus. Chemical Alternatives Assessments. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2013.

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Colli, Andrea, and Michelangelo Vasta. Italy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717973.003.0011.

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This chapter, by merging a qualitative and quantitative approach, focuses on the evolution of business groups in Italy during the twentieth century. By adopting network analysis, and by using a large and comprehensive dataset, the authors offer various proxy measures of the relevance of the largest business groups in the Italian economy. By also providing a taxonomy, the analysis clearly shows the persistence of large and entangled business groups in the Italian economy. Moreover, it shows that business groups are present not only among large firms, but in almost all the dimensional and juridi

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Cameron, Sim. Emergency Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198831051.001.0001.

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Emergency arbitration enables a party to seek urgent relief from an emergency arbitrator during the period required for the constitution of an arbitral tribunal. The procedure is not a substitute for expedited or summary proceedings. It simply enables a party to bypass national courts and obtain pre-tribunal relief in the form of interim measures even before an arbitral tribunal has been formed. The limited mandate of the emergency arbitrator is to determine whether the circumstances warrant urgent relief within the period required for tribunal formation. Studies have revealed that emergency a

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Cunningham, Scott, and Todd D. Kendall. Examining the Role of Client Reviews and Reputation within Online Prostitution. Edited by Scott Cunningham and Manisha Shah. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199915248.013.17.

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Seller reputation can incentivize the fulfillment of contractual obligations and the provision of noncontractible services if buyers have lower willingness to pay for products offered by sellers with poor reputations. For this reason, reputational mechanisms can substitute for court enforcement of contracts, when court enforcement is costly or unavailable, and more generally can improve sellers’ behavior toward buyers. This Chapter examines the market for professional escorts, a high-quality segment of the market for prostitution. Since prostitution is illegal in most US locations, court enfor

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McQuay, Henry. Pain and its control. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.0007.

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♦ The origin, transmission, and reception of chronic pain is not easy to understand♦ The perception of pain is altered by mood and itself alters mood. There is, therefore, a close link between chronic pain and depression♦ Although pain is subjective, pain scales and diaries can be used to provide reproducible measures of pain♦ The choice of method of pain control is not simply a ladder. New stronger agents need to be added in, not substituted for weaker ones♦ Neuropathic pain will require unconventional analgesics in combination.

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Babor, Thomas F., Jonathan Caulkins, Benedikt Fischer, et al. Managing psychopharmaceutical drugs under prescription regimes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818014.003.0012.

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There is extraordinary cross-national variation in the availability of prescription psychoactive drugs, with most prescription drug use being concentrated in developed countries. A variety of measures aim to prevent abuses such as ‘doctor shopping’ and diversion of psychopharmaceuticals from the medical and pharmacy systems. The evidence suggests that prescription regimes affect the prescribing practices of doctors, often resulting in substitution. Price can be used to channel demand between two drugs that are substitutes for each other, moving demand from a drug with more adverse consequences

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Book chapters on the topic "Substitute measures"

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Kassah, Bente Lilljan Lind, Hilde Nordahl-Pedersen, and Wivi-Ann Tingvoll1. "Utøvelse av ledelse i kommunale sykehjem – handlingsrommets betydning." In Handlingsrom for profesjonalisert velferd. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.114.ch6.

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Leaders of municipal nursing homes face challenges when they seek to secure a balance between the quality demands of authorities and the services they provide. In this chapter, we present a qualitative study on the leadership challenges in the municipal nursing homes. The aim is to develop knowledge on leadership challenges and the managerial discretions leaders employ to address the challenges. We interviewed seven middle-level leaders in five nursing homes in three medium-sized Norwegian municipalities using semi-structured interviews. The study revealed challenges connected to temporal nursing home placements made permanent, the time-consuming nature of the search for substitute workers, and the need to improve worker attitudes towards substitute workers’ experience-based knowledge. Attitude change is necessary because different forms of knowledge have different statuses in the nursing homes. The study shows that the leaders seek to meet the challenges connected to nursing home placements by establishing teams of professionals, while they try to persuade the Specialist Health Services to take over the responsibilities for the patients in transition. To meet the substitute worker challenge, the leaders use subjective managerial discretions to develop different strategies, including establishing substitute worker bases, substitute worker lists and delegation of substitute worker search. The leaders promote attitude change by stressing the importance of the substitute workers’ experience-based knowledge in both formal and informal contexts and implementing concrete competence measures. The study indicates that leaders who use subjective managerial discretions save time that they employ to create a balance between different leadership functions. The use of managerial discretions by leaders may affect the learning and organizational changes in nursing homes.

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Bhabha, Jacqueline. "Children on the Move in the Twenty-First Century." In Humanitarianism and Mass Migration. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.003.0004.

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Though children have always migrated, the distinctive risks they face and the protection challenges that arise have been largely neglected. As a result, child migrants are denied basic human rights protections owed them as children, including the fundamental right to have their best interests considered. Instead these children are routinely treated first and foremost as migrants, subjected to harsh procedures and sometimes denied legal representation of even held in punitive detention facilities. The chapter explores recent encouraging policy developments that challenge the historic neglect of child migrants' rights and substitute instead measures designed to enhance the competence of migration officials vis à vis children's needs, and domestic child welfare workers' engagement with the protection challenges facing non citizen children.

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Dauvergne, Peter. "Conclusion: The Allure and Illusion of Riches." In Environmentalism of the Rich. The MIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262034951.003.0012.

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This final chapter consolidates the book’s arguments and findings into a reflection on the limits and dangers of environmentalism of the rich. Policies and programs are producing gains, especially on per product efficiency measures. But these gains are not aggregating into global solutions. Efficiencies are lost as firms reinvest savings to stimulate even higher levels of unsustainable consumption. Regulatory successes are lost as firms substitute new products and increase exports into countries with lower standards. Certification benefits are lost as investors and buyers shift to new sectors and locations. The growing dominance of environmentalism of the rich risks deluding consumers – and even committed environmental activists – into thinking of capitalism and consumerism as solutions, rather than root causes of unsustainability. As this chapter concludes, if the goal is global sustainability, the mainstream environmental community cannot simply ignore the problems of inequality and consumption.

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Pietrangeli, Biancamaria, and Roberto Lauri. "Occupational Health Issue in a 2G Bioethanol Production Plant." In Bioethanol Technologies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94485.

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The interest of scientists and health authorities in occupational risk related to biofuels production has recently increased due to the development of agro-industrial waste recycling processes in the framework of the European circular economy strategy and energy production from renewable sources. A common biofuel is the bioethanol, which is a leading candidate to substitute the gasoline as a transport fuel and it can be produced via biomass fermentation process. In biofuels production plants, some work activities in processing of biomass, are sources of airborne dust and the employers should demonstrate that adequate control measures have been implemented in order to prevent workers exposure. In the chapter, the production process of a 2G bioethanol plant has been analyzed in order to specify the process phases, which could generate occupational health issue related to airborne dust, and to provide technical recommendations.

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Keefer, Robert F. "Basic Information About Soils and Plants." In Handbook of Soils for Landscape Architects. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121025.003.0004.

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All higher plants require the following factors for growth: . . . 1. Light 2. Heat* 3. Water* 4. Carbon Dioxide* 5. Oxygen* 6. Nutrients* 7. Mechanical Support* * Supplied by Soil or Soil Substitute. Except for light, all of these requirements are supplied by soil or a soil substitute; however, they must be supplied in the proper combination for best plant growth. Whichever of these is supplied below the optimum level will limit plant growth. Landscape architects need to determine which factor or factors limit growth and take measures to correct it. . . . WHAT IS SOIL? . . . “The soil” is a general term for the layer of the earth’s crust above the bedrock that has been weathered (physically and biochemically) by destructive and synthetic sources. “A soil” denotes a specific well-defined part of “the soil” with recognized properties and characteristics. There are thousands of different kinds of soils, and each individual soil has its own characteristics and responds to specific management. The name of a soil is associated with specified soil properties within stated limits. A few examples are Cecil clay loam, Marshall silt loam, and Norfolk sand. A number of factors have been involved in the formation of the soil and also of individual soils. The type of soils that have been formed depend on the nature of parent material (rocks and minerals), topography (lay of the land), climate (temperature and precipitation) whether or not living organisms are present, and geological time for formation. A change in any one or more of these soil-forming factors can have a profound effect on the specific “soil” that is formed. Is it any wonder that many diverse kinds of soil have been formed? In fact, branches of soil science called soil genesis and soil classification delve into this diversity in great detail. Soil Parent Material. Most soils are derived from the weathering of rocks and minerals. Exceptions to this are man-made soils and organic soils that are almost exclusively developed from organic matter.

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Paarlberg, Robert. "The Politics of Chronic Hunger And Famine." In Food Politics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199322398.003.0004.

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How do we measure hunger? In our personal lives, hunger is a sensation we feel regularly at mealtime. In the world of politics and public policy, “hunger” is often used as a substitute word for chronic undernutrition, a long-term dietary condition that includes either a...

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Benedict, Ezeifekwuaba Tochukwu. "Evaluating the Future Possibilities of India-ASEAN Economic Relations." In Evaluating Trade and Economic Relations Between India and Southeast Asia. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5774-7.ch010.

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Foreign trade relations are due to the measures of foreign policy adopted and applied by a nation. The Indian foreign policy was majorly West focused and has been substituted with a more nuanced and inclusive policy that promotes the enhancement of security, diplomatic, and trade ties with the Eastern nations. The “Look East” Policy was executed in 1991 and it was substituted as “Act East” in 2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi who provided a modern push to the Indian regional diplomacy by concentration on Southeast Asian neighbours. This policy is known as a multi-faceted technique to create strategic connections with numerous individual nations as well as build a lasting relation with Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In this regard, this chapter evaluates the role and responsibility of border states in revitalizing regional socio, cultural, and economic ties with the neighbouring countries. This chapter evaluates how the participation of Northeastern Indian States provides opportunities for New Delhi in ensuring a tremendous regional diplomacy with ASEAN.

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Ting, Carol. "Investigating the Connection Between Awareness and Internet Non-Use." In Technology Adoption and Social Issues. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5201-7.ch068.

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Empirical studies on technology adoption usually are based on data from self-reported measures, and a large subset of this literature draws on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) or Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). However, for non-Internet users, self-reported measures and these theoretical frameworks face important limitations: non-users often are under-informed about the technology and are unable to accurately explain their non-use. In addition, the measurement instruments in the TAM/TPB literature often are not applicable to non-users. Addressing these issues, this paper examines non-Internet users' awareness of the Internet's benefits and its impact on adoption intention. Focusing on the under-informed, this approach substitutes awareness for perceived usefulness (or affective attitude). Test results demonstrate good predictive power on non-Internet users' adoption intention, calling for caution when applying these commonly used analytical tools to study late-adopters of technology.

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Al-Hamdani, Wasim A. "Three Models to Measure Information Security Compliance." In Security and Privacy Assurance in Advancing Technologies. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60960-200-0.ch022.

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This work introduces three models to measure information security compliance. These are the cardinality model, the second’s model, which is based on vector space, and the last model is based on the priority principle. Each of these models will be presented with definitions, basic operations, and examples. All three models are based on a new theory to understand information security called the Information Security Sets Theory (ISST). The ISST is based on four basic sets: external sets, local strategy sets, local standard sets, and local implementation sets. It should be noted that two sets are used to create local standard sets—local expansion and local creation. The major differences between the Zermelo Fraenkel set theory and the ISST are the elimination of using empty element and empty set. This assumption is based on “there is not empty security” measure and the is substituted to be and is defined as “minimum security (or system default security)”. The main objective of this article is to achieve new modeling system for information security compliance. The compliance measurement is defined in the first model as the cardinality between local strategy sets and the actual local implementation. The second model is looking at the security compliance as the angle between two sets, local implementation and local standard. The third model is based on the priority philosophy for local security standard.

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Queiroz, Kamila Fernanda F. da C., Marcus Costa de Araújo, Nadja Accioly Espíndola, Ladjane C. Santos, Francisco G. S. Santos, and Rita de Cássia Fernandes de Lima. "Developing and Using Computational Frameworks to Conduct Numerical Analysis and Calculate Temperature Profiles and to Classify Breast Abnormalities." In Biomedical Computing for Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3456-4.ch011.

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In this chapter, computational tools that have been designed to analyze and classify infrared (IR) images will be presented. The function of such tools is to interconnect in a user-friendly way the algorithms that are used to map temperatures and to classify some breast pathologies. One of these performs texture mapping using IR breast images to relate temperatures measured to the points over the substitute tridimensional geometry mesh. Another computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool was adapted so that it could be used to evaluate individual patients. This methodology will be used when the computational framework approach for classification is described. Finally, graphical interfaces and their functionalities will be presented and explained. Some case studies will be presented in order to verify whether or not the computational classification framework is effective.

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Conference papers on the topic "Substitute measures"

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Len, Przemysław. "The Use Of Statistical Methods in Creation of the Urgency Ranking of the Land Consolidation and Land Exchange Works." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.212.

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In the analyzes of the urgency of the land consolidation and land exchange works, and particularly in the spatial comparative analyzes it is helpful to use methods of multivariate statistics, which allows the determination of synthetic measure. Synthetic measures substitute the large set of attributes of the object with one aggregate variable, allowing ordering the analyzed objects (villages) in terms of the phenomenon in question of the urgency of carrying out the work of consolidation and exchange of land. The aim of the paper is to determine measures for the urgency of carrying out the work

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Rajendrakumar, Mithilesh, Manu Vyas, Prashant Deshpande, Bommaian Balasubramanian, and Kevin Shepherd. "Comprehensive Review & Enhancements on Probe Substitution Techniques for Faulty Steady State Inlet Pressure Distortion Data." In ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-75945.

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Abstract When a gas-turbine engine is in operation, inlet-generated total-pressure distortion can have a detrimental effect on engine’s stability and performance. During the product development life cycle, on-ground wind tunnel tests and in-flight tests are performed to estimate the inlet distortion characteristics. Extensive measures are taken in the preparation and execution of inlet distortion tests. The data pertaining to spatial inlet distortion is recorded using an array of high-response total-pressure probes. The pressure probes are usually arranged in rake and ring arrays as per AIR141

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Mourelatos, Zissimos P., Nickolas Vlahopoulos, Omidreza Ebrat, Jinghong Liang, and Jin Wang. "Probabilistic Main Bearing Performance for an Internal Combustion Engine." In ASME/STLE 2004 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib2004-64058.

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A probabilistic analysis is presented for studying the variation effects on the main bearing performance of an I.C. engine system, under structural dynamic conditions. For computational efficiency, the probabilistic analysis is based on surrogate models (metamodels), which are developed using the kriging method. An Optimum Symmetric Latin Hypercube (OSLH) algorithm is used for efficient “space-filling” sampling of the design space. The metamodels provide an efficient and accurate substitute to the actual engine bearing simulation models. The bearing performance is based on a comprehensive engi

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Calderas Volcanes, Rubén José, and Emilio Germán Moreno González. "MISUSE OF SPEED-BUMPS ON TWO-LANE MAIN RURAL ROADS. A GENERALIZED PRACTICE IN VENEZUELA." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.2255.

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Settlements of uncontrolled population on side of road in Venezuela originate the excessive use of traffic speed reducers to mitigate accidents. Misuse of these speed control devices generate problem of functionality in the two-lane main rural roads which requires to be studied to demonstrate its effect on the capacity and level of service. Although other factors may occur (i.e, environmental problems and health), the disproportionate use of speed-bumps worsens circulation quality by increase of travel time as most sensitive parameter. Where this effect not can be reversed it should be made ef

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Tangwa, Elvis, Vit Voženílek, Jan Brus, and Vilem Pechanec. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF SELECTED LEGUME CROPS IN EAST AFRICA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/02.

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Land expansion to increase agricultural production in East Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) will be limited by climate change. In this study, we predict landscape suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivated across diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in East Africa from 1970 to 2070, under the 4.5 emission scenario. Our aim was to understand how suitability shifts among the AEZs might affect the agricultural potential of the selected crops

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Maggioni, Matteo, Elena Marzorati, Marco Grasso, Bianca Maria Colosimo, and Paolo Parenti. "In-Process Quality Characterization of Grinding Processes: A Sensor-Fusion Based Approach." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20439.

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The quality assessment of manufacturing processes has been traditionally based on sample measures performed on the process output. This leads to the common “product-based Statistical Process Control (SPC)” framework. However, there are applications of actual industrial interest where post-process quality measurement procedures involve time-consuming inspections strongly related to the operator’s experience and/or based on expensive equipment. Cylindrical grinding of large rolls may be one of them. The assessment of the final acceptability of a ground cylinder, in terms of surface finish, is a

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Gernand, Jeremy M., and Elizabeth A. Casman. "Selecting Nanoparticle Properties to Mitigate Risks to Workers and the Public: A Machine Learning Modeling Framework to Compare Pulmonary Toxicity Risks of Nanomaterials." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62687.

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Due to their size and unique chemical properties, nanomaterials have the potential to interact with living organisms in novel ways, leading to a spectrum of negative consequences. Though a relatively new materials science, already nanomaterial variants in the process of becoming too numerous to be screened for toxicity individually by traditional and expensive animal testing. As with conventional pollutants, the resulting backlog of untested new materials means that interim industry and regulatory risk management measures may be mismatched to the actual risk. The ability to minimize toxicity r

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Wiese, Connor J., James L. Rutledge, and Marc D. Polanka. "Experimental Evaluation of Thermal and Mass Transfer Techniques to Measure Adiabatic Effectiveness With Various Coolant to Freestream Property Ratios." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65019.

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As gas turbine engine temperatures increase, experimentally evaluating the necessary cooling schemes becomes increasingly cost prohibitive at engine conditions. Thus, researchers conduct film cooling experiments near room temperature and attempt to scale the results to engine conditions. Although thermal measurements of film cooling adiabatic effectiveness are common, an increasingly popular method of evaluating adiabatic effectiveness employs pressure sensitive paint and the heat-mass transfer analogy. Mass transfer methods are attractive because an impermeable model can be used as an analog

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Schellekens, Laura, Jan Fijn, Sjaak Dijkman, Hugo Spruijt, and Ivo Van Der Lee. "Can the interrupter resistance be used to measure airway hyperresponsiveness during the methacholine challenge test as a substitute for FEV1?" In ERS International Congress 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa3232.

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Toyoda, Mituso, Gaisa Matsumoto, Kunihiro Kokubu, et al. "Development of a Torque Limiting Device to Provide a Measure Against Grid Blackout in Gas Turbine Power Generating Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38145.

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Gas turbine power generating plants are generally equipped with shear pins to protect the turbine shaft from excessive torque caused by grid blackout, etc. As a substitute for the shear pins, a torque limiting device has been developed. This torque limiting device is an application of the wet process multi-plate clutch. When the generator is subjected to excessive torque, the device slips instantly and protects the turbine shaft. Moreover, if the excessive torque is dissipated, the device connects automatically. Employing this device, it becomes easily possible to take an automatic measure aga

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Reports on the topic "Substitute measures"

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Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.

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Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the shar

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Friedler, Haley S., Michelle B. Leavy, Eric Bickelman, et al. Outcome Measure Harmonization and Data Infrastructure for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in Depression: Data Use and Governance Toolkit. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcwhitepaperdepressiontoolkit.

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Executive Summary Patient registries are important tools for advancing research, improving healthcare quality, and supporting health policy. Registries contain vast amounts of data that could be used for new purposes when linked with other sources or shared with researchers. This toolkit was developed to summarize current best practices and provide information to assist registries interested in sharing data. The contents of this toolkit were developed based on review of the literature, existing registry practices, interviews with registries, and input from key stakeholders involved in the shar

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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quant

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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.

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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quant

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.

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Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species ric

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