Academic literature on the topic 'Substituted hydrazone'

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Journal articles on the topic "Substituted hydrazone"

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Kaur, Aneet Kamal, Renu Bala, Poonam Kumari, Sumit Sood, and Karan Singh. "Microwave Assisted Vilsmeier-Haack Reaction on Substituted Cyclohexanone Hydrazones: Synthesis of Novel 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroindazole Derivatives." Letters in Organic Chemistry 16, no. 3 (2019): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178615666180917101637.

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Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is one of the most important chemical reactions used for formylation of electron-rich arens. Even though Vilsmeier-Haack reaction was studied on a wide variety of hydrazones of enolizable ketones, literature lacks the examples of the use of 4-substituted cyclohexanones as a substrate. The cyclization potential of hydrazones of cyclic keto compounds is still interested topic of investigation. In the present study, the reaction of various hydrazines with 4-substituted cyclohexanones was proceeded and the resulted hydrazones in crude form were treated with Vilsmeier- Haac
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Gera, Ankur, Chander Mohan, and Sandeep Arora. "Synthesis of Phthaloylglycyl Hydrazide Derivatives: Selective Protection of Phthalimide Group from Hydrazinolysis." Current Organic Synthesis 15, no. 6 (2018): 839–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180601083256.

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Background: N-phthalimide amino acid hydrazide is a class of compounds that have the potential therapeutic use. In general, hydrazinolysis of N-substituted amino acid(s) ester removes the ester group and yields the corresponding hydrazide. However, in case if N-substitution group is phthalimide, phthalimide group is cleaved and not the ester group. The resulted compound, therefore, is amino acid ester rather than Nphthalimide amino acid hydrazide. The above class of compounds, because of susceptibility of phthalimide group to hydrazinolysis, has previously been synthesized by a lengthy three-s
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Al-Shiekh, Mariam A., Hanady Y. Medrassi, Mohamed H. Elnagdi, and Ebtisam A. Hafez. "Substituted Hydrazonals as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: A New Route to Arylhydrazonocinnolines." Journal of Chemical Research 2007, no. 7 (2007): 432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823407x234617.

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2-heteroylhydrazonopropanals 2a–e and 3-oxo-2-arylhydrazonopropanals 2f–k were prepared via coupling of enaminones 1 with aromatic diazonium salts. Compounds 2a–c condensed with hydrazine hydrate to yield the corresponding hydrazones 3a–c which afford on cyclisation the cinnoline derivatives 6a–c, while condensation of 2g, j with hydrazine hydrate directly yielded the pyrazole derivatives 4g–j. Condensation of 2a–c, f, g with phenyl hydrazine gave the corresponding phenyl hydrazone derivatives 7a–c, f, g. Structures of 2a, h and 3a were assessed by single crystal X-ray analyses.
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Alheety, Nuaman. "Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity Study of Some New Substituted Benzoxazole Derivatives." Baghdad Science Journal 16, no. 3 (2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.616.

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This research included the preparation of 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (N1) by the reaction of ortho-aminophenol with carbon disulfide in an alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution. The 2-mercapto benzoxazole (N1) was then treated with hydrazine to obtain the 2-hydrazino benzoxazole (N2). A number of hydrazones (N3-N5) were prepared through the reaction of N2 with different benzaldehydes. The compound (N6) was also prepared whereby the ring closing of hydrazone (N3) using chloroacetylchloride, while the compound (N7) was prepared by treating 2-hydrazino benzoxazole with acetylacetone. When the compoun
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Sarma, Jayanta, Gurvinder Singh, Mukta Gupta, Reena Gupta, and Bhupinder Kapoor. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES BEARING HYDRAZONE MOIETY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21328.

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Objective: The synthesis of novel benzimidazole-hydrazone derivatives has been carried out based on the previous findings that both these pharmacophores possess potent antimicrobial activities. The antibacterial properties of synthesized derivatives were screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Methods: O-phenylenediamine on condensation with substituted aromatic acids in polyphosphoric acid gave benzimidazole nucleus which on reaction with ethyl chloroacetate and hydrazine hydrate in two different steps resulted in the formation of substituted acetohydrazides. The target
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Abdelmohsen, Shawkat A., and Talaat I. El Emary. "SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF NOVEL PYRAZOLO[3,4-b]PYRIDINES AND THEIR SPIRO-HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 10, no. 7 (2014): 2901–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v10i7.6802.

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The present work describes the synthesis of a novel series of heterocyclic moieties derived from 5-acetylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine (1). The formation of chalcones (2a-d) was utilized to synthesize pyrazoline, isoxazoline and pyrimidine derivatives (3-10). Thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone (11, 17) were utilized to synthesize other new triazolethiones, thiadiazole and selenadiazole derivatives (11-19). Some new spiro derivatives (22-25) were synthesized by the reaction of chalcone (21) of 1 and isatine with hydrazines, hydroxyl amines and thiourea. Also, The reaction of 1 with cyanoacetyl hydra
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GOKLANI, POONAM, and ANIL GUPTA. "Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Study of Biological Activity of Hydrazine Derivatives." Material Science Research India 14, no. 2 (2017): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/140217.

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Hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives play vital role in development of various pharmacological activities such as anti-tubercular, antiproliferative and antitumor activities. Some novel biologically active Hydrazide derivatives substituted with heterocyclic moiety have been synthesized. All the synthesized compounds structures were confirmed by IR, NMR and Mass spectra. Synthesized compounds were subjected to antibacterial screening in vitro and biological activity in vivo.
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Qiu, Xiao Yang, An Ran Shi, and Xiao Li Zhang. "Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Salicyloyl Hydrazone Derivatives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.522.

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Three salicyloyl hydrazone derivatives (compounds 1-3) were prepared by reacting salicyloyl hydrazine with substituted formaldehydes. Their structures were characterized by melting point, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analyses. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-3 was evaluated in vitro against Hela cells (human cervical cancer cells). The results revealed that all the compounds showed cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values lower than 15 μM.
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Le, Trong Duc, Ngoc Nam Pham, and Tien Cong Nguyen. "Preparation and Antibacterial Activity of Some New 4-(2-Heterylidenehydrazinyl)-7-chloroquinoline Derivatives." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4301847.

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N-(4-Substituted phenyl)acetamides, which were prepared from acetic anhydride and p-substituted anilines, were utilized as precursors for reactions to Vilsmeier-Haack reagent to form 6-substituted-2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehydes 3a–c. Meanwhile, a similar reagent was applied to 1-[1-(4-substituted phenyl)ethylidene]-2-phenylhydrazines as substrates, which were synthesized from phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and p-substituted acetophenones, and 1,3-diarylpyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 3d–f were observed as a result. Reactions between the aldehydes 3a–f and 7-chloro-4-hydrazinylquinoline 2, obtained
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Nasr, Tamer, Samir Bondock, and Mahmoud Youns. "Anticancer activity of new coumarin substituted hydrazide–hydrazone derivatives." European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 76 (April 2014): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.026.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substituted hydrazone"

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Hauke, Tobias [Verfasser], and Klaus T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wanner. "Exploring 5-substituted nipecotic acid derivatives in the search for novel GABA uptake inhibitors by means of MS based screening of pseudostatic combinatorial hydrazone libraries / Tobias Hauke ; Betreuer: Klaus T. Wanner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1178323943/34.

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Houghton, Ralph Warren. "Synthesis of 1-substituted phenyl phthalazines." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2201.

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The purpose of this work was the preparation of a new class of arylhydrazone reagents. When combined with a mixture of ketones and aldehydes, these new reagents would give derivatives different from those given by current arylhydrazone reagents. These derivatives could be separated by crystallization or chromatography and could then be easily characterized by x-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
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Tumey, Jonathan Michael. "Synthesis and Reactivity of Sydnone Derived 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2(3H)-ones." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1515170202954677.

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Banerjee, Sanjukta. "Titanium-catalyzed additions of substituted hydrazines to alkynes catalyst design, mechanistic studies, and applications in heterocycle synthesis /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Pinar, Ayse Nur. "Reaction Of Propargyl Aldehydes With Hydrazinium Salts: Synthesis Of Ferrocenyl And Phenyl Substituted Pyrazoles." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609769/index.pdf.

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Pyrazoles have been focus of a large number of investigations in the design and synthesis of novel biologically active agents that show remarkable medicinal activities. Although pyrazoles have been studied for over a century as an important class of heterocyclic compounds, they still continue to attract considerable attention due to the wide range of medicinal activities they possess. Recent studies have shown that combination of a ferrocenyl unit with structural features of pyrazoles can lead to products with enhanced or/and unexpected biological activity since several ferrocene derivatives h
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Gormen, Meral. "Synthesis Of Ferrocenyl Substituted Pyrazoles." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606358/index.pdf.

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Pyrazoles have been studied for over a century as an important class of heterocyclic compounds and continue to attract considerable interest due to the broad range of biological activities they possess. The incorporation of the essential structural features of pyrazoles with a ferrocene moiety could provide new derivatives with unexpected and/or enhanced biological activities since several ferrocene derivatives have already been shown to be active against a number of tumors. For this reason, we investigated the synthesis of ferrocenyl-substituted pyrazoles, such as 1-alkyl/aryl-5-ferrocenylpyr
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Zheng, Chao Durig James R. "Conformational stability from temperature-dependent infrared spectra of noble gas solutions, normal coordinate analyses, adjusted r₀ structural parameters and barrier to internal rotation of some substituted amine, hydrazine and three-membered ring compounds." Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Physics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.<br>"A dissertation in chemistry and physics." Advisor: James R. Durig. Typescript. Vita. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 29, 2007; title from "catalog record" of the print edition. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 447-460). Online version of the print edition.
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Edwards, Paul John. "Aspects of substituted hydrazine chemistry : the N-N bond as a chiral axis in 3-acylaminoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33662.

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The work contained in this thesis examines the aziridination of a number of ?-diketones via their enol forms using oxidative addition of N-aminoquinazolin-4(3H)-ones, to give N-(quinazolinone-N'-y1)-N-acyl-a-aminoketones which result from C-C cleavage of the intermediate aziridine ring. Products which have the N-N bond di-acylated are primed for reductive cleavage. One example has been studied in which reduction was successfully accomplished using aluminium amalgam to afford an N-acylated amino acid ester in good yield. The N-acetoxyaminoquinazolinone has been shown to function as an NH2+ equi
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Anderson, Laura. "Design and Synthesis of Substituted 1,4-Hydrazine-linked Piperazine-2,5- and 2,6-diones and 2,5-Terpyrimidinylenes as α-Helical Mimetics". Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1830.

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The most common secondary structure of proteins is the alpha-helix. The alpha-helix can be involved in various protein-protein interactions (PPIs) through the recognition of three or more side chains along one face of the alpha-helix (Wells and McClendon, 2007). In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of peptidic and non-peptidic compounds that bind to PPI surfaces. We focused on the design and synthesis of compounds that mimic the orientation of side chain residues of an alpha-helical protein domain. Although our scaffolds could potentially inhibit various PP
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NOGUEIRA, VANESSA DE SOUZA. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PARA-SUBSTITUTED DI-HYDRAZONES AND SOME OF THEIR DINUCLEAR ZINC(II) COMPLEXES AS POTENTIAL ENTRY INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV/AIDS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27522@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA/AIDS) é causada pelo HIV. De uma forma geral, o HIV é um retrovírus que ataca o sistema imunológico, principalmente os linfócitos T auxiliares (também chamados de linfócitos T4 ou T CD4+), que normalmente se encontram na corrente sanguínea e são responsáveis por toda a coordenação da defesa imunológica do organismo. Muitas estratégias de tratamento estão sendo desenvolvidas
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Book chapters on the topic "Substituted hydrazone"

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Lane, J. D., C. J. Pickett, and D. R. Stanley. "Hydrazine and Substituted Hydrazine Complexes." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145227.ch74.

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Pardasani, R. T., and P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of copper(II) chloro complex with substituted hydrazine." In Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 4. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62474-6_51.

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Stanovnik, B., and J. Svete. "From 2-Substituted Malononitriles and Hydrazine." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with Two Nitrogen or Phosphorus Atoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-012-00040.

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Devkate, Chandrashekhar, Satish Kola, Mohammad Idrees, Naqui J. Siddiqui, and Roshan D. Nasare. "Eco-Friendly, Green Approach for Synthesis of Bio-Active Novel 3-Aminoindazole Derivatives." In Green Computing Technologies and Computing Industry in 2021. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95565.

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In present chapter we have reported green and highly efficient method for synthesize novel series of substituted -1H-indazol-3-amine derivative (3a-h) by cyclocondensation reaction of substituted benzonitrile (1a-h) and substituted Hydrazine (2a-h) using ceric (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a catalyst, EtOH-H2O as a ecofriendly media and reaction was carried out under ultrasound irradiation green method. The structures of newly synthesized indazole derivative (3a-h) were corroborated through spectral investigation such as elemental analysis and spectral studies like IR, C13 NMR, Mass spectra a
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Collier, S. J., and M. D. McLaws. "Of Hydrazines to β-Substituted Alkenes." In Ene-X Compounds (X=S, Se, Te, N, P). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-033-00604.

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Gandhi, K. Parimala. "FORMATION AND DISSOCIATION OF LANTHANUM COMPLEXES OF NAPHTHOATE WITH HYDRAZINE." In Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering Volume 2 Book 1, 2nd ed. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennur8.

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The hydrazine ligand and substituted naphthoic acid were used to create Praseodymium metal complexes. Coats-Redfern approach was used to calculate the kinetic parameter after studying the complexes thermal behaviour (TGA/DTA). All compounds are thermally stable up to 91.9 K, according to the TG and DTA measurements. The data from the thermo gravimetric study make it abundantly evident that the complexes decompose in two or three phases. The metal oxide was the last compound to decompose. There has been a speculative mechanism described for the heat breakdown.
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Bonesi, Sergio M., and Al Postigo. "Perfluoroalkylation of aliphatic substrates via photoinduced radical processes." In Photochemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781837676552-00429.

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Over the past few years, photochemical perfluoroalkylation reactions of aliphatic substrates have emerged as a topic of research within synthetic organic chemistry because organic molecules properly substituted with fluoroalkyl motifs have generated significant interest among synthetic/medicinal and materials science chemists. Examination of a variety of photoinduced perfluoroalkylation reactions involving aliphatic substrates will be discussed, showcasing both methodological versatility and synthetic utility. Examples illustrating their applications and mechanistic intricacies will be explore
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G. Zenkevich, Igor. "Features and New Examples of Gas Chromatographic Separation of Thermally Unstable Analytes." In Recent Advances in Gas Chromatography [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94229.

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The processes of thermal decomposition of analytes in gas chromatographic (GC) columns are classified and two new examples of them are considered in details. First of them is monomolecular decomposition of monoalkyl esters of benzene-1, 2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid (monoalkyl phthalates). This process has the analogy in chemical reactions in solutions and it may be responsible for the toxicity of phthalates. The second example is decomposition of non-substituted hydrazones of both aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. The analytes of the second sub-group present the first example of bim
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Argyropoulos, N. G. "From Appel's Salt and Substituted Phenols or Hydrazines." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with Three or More Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-013-00012.

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Tomé, A. C. "Cyclization of 1-Substituted 2-(2-Nitroaryl)hydrazines." In Five-Membered Hetarenes with Three or More Heteroatoms. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-013-00817.

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Conference papers on the topic "Substituted hydrazone"

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Costa, S. T., S. B. Dilcer, and J. L. Walker. "Experiences with Hydrazine Substitutes in Peaking and Cycling Service." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89071.

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Abstract This paper reviews several examples of the improved results obtained when strong passivating agents replace hydrazine in load-following boilers. Feedwater iron and copper levels obtained with hydrazine and with the new stronger reducing agents are compared. Included is a brief discussion of passivation as it applies to boiler systems.
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Stevanović, Nevena, Ivana Matić, Dragana Mitić, Božidar Čobeljić, and Katarina Anđelković. "Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of Zn(II) complex with <em>N</em>-substituted glycine hydrazone." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07456.

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Selaković, Snežana, Ivana Matić, Dragana Mitić, Maja Šumar Ristović, Božidar Čobeljić, and Katarina Anđelković. "Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes with <em>N</em>-substituted glycine hydrazone." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07449.

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Popusoi, Ana, Nicanor Barba, and Aurelian Gulea. "Synthesis of 1,3-Phenyl(Pyridyl)propenones with thiosemicarbazidic groups." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab03.

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The bibliographic study of chalcones of the type 1,3-aryl(heteryl)propen-2-one with thiosemicarbazidic 4- and 1,4-disubstituted and thisemicarbazonic groups respectively gives us the information that they have a wide spectrum of biological activity, but methods of their synthesis are less described in the literature, and they became our object of study. 4,5-Dihydro-1-H-(pyrazol-3-yl)phenylhydrazinecarbothioamides 3a and 3b were obtained according to the following scheme:Reagents and reaction conditions: i, ii) 2-Py, 25oC – 24h, 90-95oC – 3h, 77-82%; iii) DMF, CH3COOH, 70-80oC, 2-3h, 60-63%. Fi
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Nikolova-Mladenova, Boryana. "Design and Bioactivity Evaluation of Chloro-Substituted Hydrazones." In IECBM 2024. MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024103045.

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Taranenko, V. V. "Assessment of growth regulating activity of substituted hydrazones on rice plants." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.55.

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Rao, Vencherla V. R. Seshagiri, Maddali V. S. Murali Krishna, T. Kishen Kumar Reddy, D. Srikanth, and P. V. Krishna Murthy. "Experimental Investigations on DI Diesel Engine With Low Heat Rejection Combustion Chamber With Carbureted Ethanol and Crude Jatropha Oil." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53259.

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It has been found that the vegetable oils and alcohols (ethanol and methanol) are promising substitute fuels for diesel fuel, because they are renewable in nature. However drawbacks associated with crude vegetable oil (high viscosity and low volatility) and ethanol (low cetane number and low energy content) which cause combustion problems in CI engines, call for engine with hot combustion chamber. Investigations were carried out on single–cylinder, four–stroke, water cooled, 3.68 kW direct injection diesel engine at a speed of 1500 rpm to evaluate the performance of a engine with medium grade
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Ali, Tarik, Magdy Ibrahim, Eman El-Amin, and Zeinab El-Gendy. "4,6-Diacetylresorcinol in Heterocyclic Synthesis Part II: Vilsmeier-Haack Reactions of 4,6-Diacetylresorcinol and Its Schiff Bases and Hydrazones to Construct of New Substituted Pyrano[3,2-g]chromenes." In The 16th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. MDPI, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-16-01069.

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Galarraga, Elier, Neudo Urdaneta, and Julio Herrera. "In vitro Anti-leishmanial and Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Hydrazones, Pyrazoles, Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines Synthesized from 6-Substituted-3-formylchromones." In 2nd International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. MDPI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-2-a003.

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