Relevant bibliographies by topics / Substrate contribution

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Substrate contribution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Ebersberger, L., and G. Fischerauer. "Influence of the substrate on the overall sensor impedance of planar H<sub>2</sub> sensors involving TiO<sub>2</sub>–SnO<sub>2</sub> interfaces." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, no. 1 (February 23, 2015): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-85-2015.

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Abstract. To date, very little has been written about the influence of the substrate layer on the overall sensor impedance of single- and multilayer planar sensors (e.g., metal-oxide sensors). However, the substrate is an elementary part of the sensor element. Through the selection of a substrate, the sensor performance can be manipulated. The current contribution reports on the substrate influence in multilayer metal-oxide chemical sensors. Measurements of the impedance are used to discuss the sensor performance with quartz substrates, (laboratory) glass substrates and substrates covered by silicon-dioxide insulating layers. Numerical experiments based on previous measurement results show that inexpensive glass substrates contribute up to 97% to the overall sensor responses. With an isolating layer of 200 nm SiO2, the glass substrate contribution is reduced to about 25%.
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Mehra, Rukmankesh, and Kasper P. Kepp. "Contribution of substrate reorganization energies of electron transfer to laccase activity." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 28 (2019): 15805–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01012b.

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Yio, Marcus H. N., Virginia Stovin, Jörg Werdin, and Gianni Vesuviano. "Experimental analysis of green roof substrate detention characteristics." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): 1477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.381.

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Green roofs may make an important contribution to urban stormwater management. Rainfall-runoff models are required to evaluate green roof responses to specific rainfall inputs. The roof's hydrological response is a function of its configuration, with the substrate – or growing media – providing both retention and detention of rainfall. The objective of the research described here is to quantify the detention effects due to green roof substrates, and to propose a suitable hydrological modelling approach. Laboratory results from experimental detention tests on green roof substrates are presented. It is shown that detention increases with substrate depth and as a result of increasing substrate organic content. Model structures based on reservoir routing are evaluated, and it is found that a one-parameter reservoir routing model coupled with a parameter that describes the delay to start of runoff best fits the observed data. Preliminary findings support the hypothesis that the reservoir routing parameter values can be defined from the substrate's physical characteristics.
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Jin, Eunsook S., A. Dean Sherry, and Craig R. Malloy. "Metabolism of Glycerol, Glucose, and Lactate in the Citric Acid Cycle Prior to Incorporation into Hepatic Acylglycerols." Journal of Biological Chemistry 288, no. 20 (April 9, 2013): 14488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m113.461947.

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During hepatic lipogenesis, the glycerol backbone of acylglycerols originates from one of three sources: glucose, glycerol, or substrates passing through the citric acid cycle via glyceroneogenesis. The relative contribution of each substrate source to glycerol in rat liver acylglycerols was determined using 13C-enriched substrates and NMR. Animals received a fixed mixture of glucose, glycerol, and lactate; one group received [U-13C6]glucose, another received [U-13C3]glycerol, and the third received [U-13C3]lactate. After 3 h, the livers were harvested to extract fats, and the glycerol moiety from hydrolyzed acylglycerols was analyzed by 13C NMR. In either fed or fasted animals, glucose and glycerol provided the majority of the glycerol backbone carbons, whereas the contribution of lactate was small. In fed animals, glucose contributed >50% of the total newly synthesized glycerol backbone, and 35% of this contribution occurred after glucose had passed through the citric acid cycle. By comparison, the glycerol contribution was ∼40%, and of this, 17% of the exogenous glycerol passed first through the cycle. In fasted animals, exogenous glycerol became the major contributor to acylglycerols. The contribution from exogenous lactate did increase in fasted animals, but its overall contribution remained small. The contributions of glucose and glycerol that had passed through the citric acid cycle first increased in fasted animals from 35 to 71% for glucose and from 17 to 24% for glycerol. Thus, a substantial fraction from both substrate sources passed through the cycle prior to incorporation into the glycerol moiety of acylglycerols in the liver.
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Cho, Min-Hyung, James O. Wrabl, James Taylor, and Vincent J. Hilser. "Hidden dynamic signatures drive substrate selectivity in the disordered phosphoproteome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (September 8, 2020): 23606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921473117.

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Phosphorylation sites are hyperabundant in the eukaryotic disordered proteome, suggesting that conformational fluctuations play a major role in determining to what extent a kinase interacts with a particular substrate. In biophysical terms, substrate selectivity may be determined not just by the structural–chemical complementarity between the kinase and its protein substrates but also by the free energy difference between the conformational ensembles that are, or are not, recognized by the kinase. To test this hypothesis, we developed a statistical-thermodynamics-based informatics framework, which allows us to probe for the contribution of equilibrium fluctuations to phosphorylation, as evaluated by the ability to predict Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation sites in the disordered proteome. Essential to this framework is a decomposition of substrate sequence information into two types: vertical information encoding conserved kinase specificity motifs and horizontal information encoding substrate conformational equilibrium that is embedded, but often not apparent, within position-specific conservation patterns. We find not only that conformational fluctuations play a major role but also that they are the dominant contribution to substrate selectivity. In fact, the main substrate classifier distinguishing selectivity is the magnitude of change in local compaction of the disordered chain upon phosphorylation of these mostly singly phosphorylated sites. In addition to providing fundamental insights into the consequences of phosphorylation across the proteome, our approach provides a statistical-thermodynamic strategy for partitioning any sequence-based search into contributions from structural–chemical complementarity and those from changes in conformational equilibrium.
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Stamenović, Dimitrije, Srboljub M. Mijailovich, Iva Marija Tolić-Nørrelykke, Jianxin Chen, and Ning Wang. "Cell prestress. II. Contribution of microtubules." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 282, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): C617—C624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00271.2001.

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The tensegrity model hypothesizes that cytoskeleton-based microtubules (MTs) carry compression as they balance a portion of cell contractile stress. To test this hypothesis, we used traction force microscopy to measure traction at the interface of adhering human airway smooth muscle cells and a flexible polyacrylamide gel substrate. The prediction is that if MTs balance a portion of contractile stress, then, upon their disruption, the portion of stress balanced by MTs would shift to the substrate, thereby causing an increase in traction. Measurements were done first in maximally activated cells (10 μM histamine) and then again after MTs had been disrupted (1 μM colchicine). We found that after disruption of MTs, traction increased on average by ∼13%. Because in activated cells colchicine induced neither an increase in intracellular Ca2+ nor an increase in myosin light chain phosphorylation as shown previously, we concluded that the observed increase in traction was a result of load shift from MTs to the substrate. In addition, energy stored in the flexible substrate was calculated as work done by traction on the deformation of the substrate. This result was then utilized in an energetic analysis. We assumed that cytoskeleton-based MTs are slender elastic rods supported laterally by intermediate filaments and that MTs buckle as the cell contracts. Using the post-buckling equilibrium theory of Euler struts, we found that energy stored during buckling of MTs was quantitatively consistent with the measured increase in substrate energy after disruption of MTs. This is further evidence supporting the idea that MTs are intracellular compression-bearing elements.
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Yildirim, Can, Philippe Ballet, Jean-Louis Santailler, Dominique Giotta, Rémy Obrecht, Thu Nhi Tran Thi, José Baruchel, and Delphine Brellier. "Role of threading dislocations on the growth of HgCdTe epilayers investigated using monochromatic X-ray Bragg diffraction imaging." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520014149.

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High-quality Hg1–x Cd x Te (MCT) single crystals are essential for two-dimensional infrared detector arrays. Crystal quality plays an important role on the performance of these devices. Here, the dislocations present at the interface of CdZnTe (CZT) substrates and liquid-phase epitaxy grown MCT epilayers are investigated using X-ray Bragg diffraction imaging (XBDI). The diffraction contributions coming from the threading dislocations (TDs) of the CZT substrate and the MCT epilayers are separated using weak-beam conditions in projection topographs. The results clearly suggest that the lattice parameter of the growing MCT epilayer is, at the growth inception, very close to that of the CZT substrate and gradually departs from the substrate's lattice parameter as the growth advances. Moreover, the relative growth velocity of the MCT epilayer around the TDs is found to be faster by a factor of two to four compared with the matrix. In addition, a fast alternative method to the conventional characterization methods for probing crystals with low dislocation density such as atomic force microscopy and optical interferometry is introduced. A 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm area map of the epilayer defects with sub-micrometre spatial resolution is generated, using section XBDI, by blocking the diffraction contribution of the substrate and scanning the sample spatially.
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Xu, Ming, K. Sam Wells, and Ronald B. Emeson. "Substrate-dependent Contribution of Double-stranded RNA-binding Motifs to ADAR2 Function." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 7 (July 2006): 3211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e06-02-0162.

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ADAR2 is a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase involved in the editing of mammalian RNAs by the site-specific conversion of adenosine to inosine (A-to-I). ADAR2 contains two tandem double-stranded RNA-binding motifs (dsRBMs) that are not only important for efficient editing of RNA substrates but also necessary for localizing ADAR2 to nucleoli. The sequence and structural similarity of these motifs have raised questions regarding the role(s) that each dsRBM plays in ADAR2 function. Here, we demonstrate that the dsRBMs of ADAR2 differ in both their ability to modulate subnuclear localization as well as to promote site-selective A-to-I conversion. Surprisingly, dsRBM1 contributes to editing activity in a substrate-dependent manner, indicating that dsRBMs recognize distinct structural determinants in each RNA substrate. Although dsRBM2 is essential for the editing of all substrates examined, a point mutation in this motif affects editing for only a subset of RNAs, suggesting that dsRBM2 uses unique sets of amino acid(s) for functional interactions with different RNA targets. The dsRBMs of ADAR2 are interchangeable for subnuclear targeting, yet such motif alterations do not support site-selective editing, indicating that the unique binding preferences of each dsRBM differentially contribute to their pleiotropic function.
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Álvarez-Troncoso, Romina, Cesar João Benetti, Amadou Babacar Sarr, and Josefina Garrido. "The microhabitat preferences of Trichoptera in rivers in north-western Spain." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 9 (2017): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16246.

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We analysed the microhabitat preferences of caddisfly species in four rivers in north-western Spain. In each river, we sampled five sites with different types of substrate. These sites were characterised in situ according to the predominant material type (macrophytes, moss, pebbles and sand). A one-way ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in species abundance among substrates, and a nested ANOVA was used to test for significant differences in physical and chemical variables among rivers and sampling sites. A similarity percentage-species contribution analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of each species to the characterisation of each substrate. We observed significant differences in the abundance of seven species (Drusus bolivari, Glossosoma privatum, Larcasia partita, Micrasema longulum, M. servatum, M. gr. moestum and Sericostoma sp.) among substrates, confirming that these species have substrate preferences. According to similarity percentage-species contribution, the species that contributed most to differences were as follows: for sand, Sericostoma sp.; for macrophytes, Rhyacophila adjuncta, Hydropsyche ambigua, Sericostoma sp.; for moss, Micrasema gr. moestum, M. servatum, M. longulum, Hydropsyche tibialis and R. adjuncta; and for pebbles, Sericostoma sp., Larcasia partita and H. tibialis. These preferences can be explained by the fact that different species use different materials from the substrate to build their cases and also as a source of stability, protection and food.
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Chen, Lang, J.-H. Li, J. Slutsker, J. Ouyang, and A. L. Roytburd. "Contribution of substrate to converse piezoelectric response of constrained thin films." Journal of Materials Research 19, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 2853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0367.

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The converse piezoelectric response of a thin film constrained by a substrate is analyzed in different geometries under various boundary conditions. We considerthe effects of elastic deformation of the substrate on the total displacement of thefilm surface induced by the electric field. The change of film thickness and the bending curvature of a film/substrate couple are calculated. For a thin film island clamped on a large thick substrate, the theoretical estimation of the piezoresponse, including a local bending in the vicinity of the island/substrate interface, is in agreement with the finite element calculation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Fesser, Stephanie Marion. "Contribution of RNA binding proteins to substrate specificity in small RNA biogenesis." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173105.

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Ismail, Alhzzoury Ahmad. "Contribution à la modélisation des structures SIW et SINRD pour application micro-ondes et télécommunication." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9701/1/ismail_alhzzoury.pdf.

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Les développements technologiques en télécommunication et microondes tendent depuis plusieurs années vers la miniaturisation des circuits, une réduction des coûts, des masses et des pertes dans ces dispositifs. Les circuits SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) s’inscrivent tout à fait dans cette mouvance et font à l’heure actuelle l’objet de nombreux sujets de recherche avec des applications directes dans l’industrie. Les circuits SINRD (Substrate Integrated Non Radiative Dielectric) utilisent eux les propriétés du substrat usiné (insertion de trous) pour la propagation du signal et des fonctions de l’électronique peuvent également être développées avec cette technologie. La conception de ces circuits passe généralement par des outils peu performants car non dédiés. Dans ce travail de thèse, une méthode numérique dédiée à ces circuits est développée. Elle est validée par comparaison à d’autres méthodes numériques et des mesures. Elle présente des temps de calcul très faibles. De nouveaux dispositifs pour des applications en télécommunications spatiales bas coûts et faibles pertes peuvent ainsi être développés grâce à elle.
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Moshayedi, Pouria. "Contribution of substrate stiffness to the development of foreign body reaction in the brain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609900.

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Ismail, Alhzzoury Ahmad. "Contribution à la modélisation des structures SIW et SINRD pour application micro-ondes et télécommunications." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871985.

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Les développements technologiques en télécommunication et microondes tendent depuis plusieurs années vers la miniaturisation des circuits, une réduction des coûts, des masses et des pertes dans ces dispositifs. Les circuits SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) s'inscrivent tout à fait dans cette mouvance et font à l'heure actuelle l'objet de nombreux sujets de recherche avec des applications directes dans l'industrie. Les circuits SINRD (Substrate Integrated Non Radiative Dielectric), utilisent eux les propriétés du substrat usiné (insertion de trous) pour la propagation du signal et des fonctions de l'électronique peuvent également être développées avec cette technologie. La conception de ces circuits passe généralement par des outils peu performants car non dédiés. Dans ce travail de thèse, une méthode numérique dédiée à ces circuits est développée. Elle est validée par comparaison à d'autres méthodes numériques et des mesures. Elle présente des temps de calcul très faibles. De nouveaux dispositifs pour des applications en télécommunications spatiales bas coût et faibles pertes peuvent ainsi être développés grâce à elle.
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GOUTSOU, PERRAKI VASSILIKI. "Contribution a l'etude des cellules solaires epitaxiees sur si metallurgique." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077138.

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Des photopiles p**(+)pn**(+) ont ete fabriquees par depot epitaxique d'une couche mince de si ultrapur sur un substrat sommairement purifie (umg) p**(+), puis formation de la couche n**(+), des contacts metalliques et de la couche antireflet par serigraphie. Mesures de la longueur de diffusion ln (methode lbic) et de la reponse spectrale des cellules
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Fesser, Stephanie Marion [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Förstemann. "Contribution of RNA binding proteins to substrate specificity in small RNA biogenesis / Stephanie Marion Fesser. Betreuer: Klaus Förstemann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1055907793/34.

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MacAdams, Jacqueline. "Substrate contribution to endogenous glucose production, insulin resistance and protein metablism in non-small cell lung cancer cachexia." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104777.

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The loss of muscle mass and adipose tissue in cancer cachexia may be linked to increased rates of gluconeogenesis (GNG) and altered whole-body protein metabolism. This study measured the fractional contributions (%) of glycogen, glycerol and phophoenolpyruvate (PEP) to endogenous glucose production (EGP) using oral 2H2O in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and matched healthy control subjects. Additionally, 13C-leucine and 3H3-glucose tracers were used to measure whole-body protein turnover and glucose kinetics respectively during the fasting state and during a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The rate of EGP and the fractional substrate contributions were not different between the NSCLC and control groups following a 17-hour fast. The majority of EGP came from equal contributions of PEP and glycogen, whereas glycerol contributed < 10%. NSCLC patients were insulin resistant; their lesser clamp glucose uptake was not correlated to GNG flux, but rates of protein oxidation were, indicating less protein retention.
La perte de tissus musculaire et adipeux associée à la cachexie du cancer pourrait être reliée à des taux accrus de néoglucogénèse (GNG) et de turnover des protéines corporelles. Cette étude a mesuré la contribution fractionnelle (%) du glycogène, du glycérol et du phosphoénolpyruvate (PEP) à la production endogène de glucose (EGP), à l'aide du 2H2O oral chez des patients avec cancer du poumon (NSCLC) et des sujets témoins appariés. De plus, les cinétiques de protéines et de glucose ont été quantifiées à l'aide des traceurs 13C-leucine et 3H3-glucose, à jeun et durant un clamp hyperinsulinique, euglycémique. Les taux d'EGP et les contributions fractionnelles des substrats n'étaient pas différents entres les groupes NSCLC et témoins suite à un jeûne de 17 heures. Le PEP et le glycogène ont contribué également et majoritairement au EGP; le glycérol contribuant pour < 10%. Les patients avec NSCLC étaient résistants à l'insuline. Leur taux inférieurs de captation du glucose n'étaient pas corrélés avec le flux néoglucogénique, mais celui-ci était positivement relié aux taux d'oxydation des protéines, indiquant une moindre rétention.
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Vallur, Aarthy C. "Kinetic analysis of the contribution of base flipping to the substrate specificity and catalytic activity of human alkyladenine dna glycosylase." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008300.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 135 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sankharé, Mohamed Alioune. "Contribution au développement de systèmes électroniques organiques sur support souple : intégration de modèle pour la conception de circuits." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4335/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à la caractérisation et à la modélisation des transistors organiques en couches minces ou OTFTs (Organic Thin Film Transistors). Elle s’est déroulée en partenariat avec le CEA-LITEN qui dispose d'une technologie imprimée ayant démontré sa fonctionnalité à plusieurs reprises. Le but de ce travail est d'abord de comprendre le fonctionnement des transistors organiques afin de déterminer l'impact des paramètres technologiques sur les caractéristiques électriques. Ceci est fait en utilisant une approche par simulation grâce aux paramètres extraits à partir de la mesure. La dépendance en géométrie et en température des paramètres du transistor est observée et étudiée afin de proposer un modèle valide prenant en compte ces variations. Le modèle doit être intégrable dans les flots de conception classiques de la microélectronique (Cadence, Eldo, ADS, etc…). Des modèles de dispersion sont présentés et par la suite utilisés pour la simulation et la réalisation de circuits analogiques organiques
This thesis focuses on a contribution of organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) characterization and modeling. It takes place in partnership with CEA-LITEN, which has a printed technology. This technology has demonstrated its functionality repeatedly. The goal is to first understand in depth the functioning of the organic transistors to determine the impact of technological parameters on electrical characteristics. This is done using a simulation approach using the parameters extracted from the measurements. The geometry and temperature dependences of the transistor parameters are observed and studied in order to provide a valid model for a wide range of geometry and temperature. The proposed model should respect the following constraints: an integrability in conventional design tools (Cadence, Eldo, ADS, etc...) and must also include a dispersion model. This model is subsequently used to produce blocks of analog circuits
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Hourdequin, Hélène. "Contribution à la conception et mise en oeuvre de structures de packaging pour la montée en tension des modules de puissance : contraintes sur les isolants." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30357.

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L'électronique de puissance est à l'orée d'une importante évolution avec l'introduction dans les systèmes de nouveaux composants de puissance à semi-conducteur 'grand gap'. En effet, l'évolution de la filière technologique à base de carbure de silicium (SiC) permet le développement de puces de tailles plus petites, capables de fonctionner à plus haute fréquence de commutation, et de supporter des tensions supérieures aux tensions actuelles, restreintes depuis plusieurs dizaines d'années par les propriétés physiques du silicium. L'introduction de ces composants impose par conséquent d'adapter leur environnement pour prendre en compte ces nouvelles performances. D'un point de vue électrique, les contraintes imposées aux matériaux isolants deviennent proches de leurs limites admissibles, notamment dans les configurations de packaging des modules de puissance actuellement utilisées. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution originale permettant d'intégrer les composants de tenue en tension 15 kV, actuellement en phase de développement, dans une structure telle que le module de puissance. Après avoir étudié différentes solutions de packaging, l'étude s'est notamment focalisée sur une zone particulière, appelée zone de point triple située à l'intersection entre le substrat isolant, la métallisation et l'encapsulation. Nous proposons, à partir de simulations par la méthode des éléments finis, une nouvelle géométrie du substrat céramique métallisé capable de réduire l'intensité du champ électrique au point triple. La modification de la structure consiste en la création d'une gorge dans le substrat au bord de la métallisation. Cette nouvelle structure optimisée a montré en simulation une réduction remarquable de l'intensité du champ électrique au point triple du fait d'une meilleure répartition des équipotentielles. Après une revue des différentes techniques de réalisation, l'usinage par ultrasons a été retenu, ce mode d'usinage est particulièrement efficace pour des matériaux durs et cassants telles que les céramiques et permet d'obtenir un profil de gravure présentant notamment un excellent alignement du bord du métal avec celui de la céramique. Les résultats expérimentaux sur des échantillons tests ont permis de procéder à des essais montrant des résultats intéressants et encourageants en terme de décharges partielles et de tenue en rigidité électrique.[...]
The power electronics is at the beginning of a major evolution by the introduction of new power components semiconductor 'wide bandgap' in the systems. Indeed, the evolution of silicon carbide (SIC) technology allows to develop small chips, which can operate at a higher switching frequency, and support higher voltages than current one, limited during several decades by the physical properties of silicon. Therefore, the introduction of these components must be adapted to their environment in order to take into account these new performances. From an electrical point of view, the stresses imposed on insulating materials are close to their limits, particularly in the packaging configurations currently used in the power modules. The aim of this thesis is to propose an original solution allowing to integrate the 15 KV components currently in development phase, in a structure such as power module. After studying some packaging solutions, the study focused on a particular area, called the triple point between the metallization, the substrate and the encapsulation materials. We propose, from simulations by the finite element method analysis, a new geometry for the metallized ceramic substrate able to reduce the electric field intensity at the triple point. The structure modification consists in the creation of a gap in the substrate at the edge of the metallization. This new geometric structure has shown by simulation a significant reduction of the electric field intensity at the triple point thanks to a better spreading of the equipotential lines. After reviewing several technical manufacturing, ultrasonic machining was selected, this process is particularly efficient for hard and brittle materials such as ceramics and provides an etching profile with an excellent alignment to the edge of the metallization with the ceramic. Experimental results based on samples tests made it possible to carry out tests showing interesting and encouraging results in terms of partial discharges and resistance to dielectric strength. Thanks to the simulation under FEM analysis and after first experimental results, the new geometric structure for the metallized ceramic substrate proposed for the high voltage power modules, seems to be a technologically integrable solution for the optimization of the packaging for the purpose of the voltage rise in module. Moreover, the interest of the proposed solution compared with other published strategies, such as the use of innovative encapsulation materials was discussed, as well as the advantage offered of being able to combine the strengths of two types of approaches
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Books on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Mihăilă, G. Contribuții la studiul cuvintelor de origine autohtonă în limba română: Contributions à l'étude des mots d'origine autochtone dans la langue roumaine. București: Editura Academiei Române, 2010.

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Suzanne, Michaelis, ed. Roots of Creole structures: Weighing the contribution of substrates and superstrates. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2008.

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Gropler, Robert J. Imaging of Myocardial Metabolism. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0025.

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Abnormalities in myocardial substrate metabolism play a key role in the pathogenesis of a host of cardiac disease processes. The importance is highlighted by the routine clinical use of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to measure myocardial glucose metabolism to detect viable tissue in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and the development of novel therapies designed to modulate myocardial metabolism. Our understanding of myocardial metabolism has benefitted from the application of advanced molecular biologic techniques and the development of elegant genetic models to of myocardial metabolic disease resulting in a greater appreciation for the pleiotropic actions of cellular metabolism. In parallel, there have been significant advances in radionuclide-based metabolic imaging techniques in terms instrumentation design, radiopharmaceutical development and small animal imaging. These advances have further ensconced radionuclide metabolic imaging techniques as tools to further our understanding of various forms of cardiovascular disease and potentially improve the care of the cardiac patient. In this chapter several of key advances in metabolic imaging will be described, their potential new clinical applications are reviewed and contribution to cardiovascular research highlighted.
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Bucher, Taina. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190493028.003.0007.

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When conceptualizing the power and politics of algorithms it is important to blend an understanding of their material substrates with an understanding of the multiple ways of perceiving, feeling, acting, and knowing which congeal around algorithms as an object of social concern. The concluding chapter revisits some of the key questions of the book and looks at how algorithmic power and politics can be understood if power and politics are not necessarily about imposing force from above. The chapter serves to summarize the key contributions of the book in terms of: (1) providing an understanding of algorithms that is not committed to one ontological position, but instead sees algorithms in terms of a multiple and variable ontology, (2) helping to identify forms of algorithmic power and politics and (3) offering a theoretical framework for the kinds of work that algorithms do and the landscapes they help to generate.
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Trimmer, Barry. Soft-bodied terrestrial invertebrates and robots. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199674923.003.0041.

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Studies of animal locomotion and its control have generally focused on species with articulated, stiff skeletons, largely ignoring the contributions of soft tissues. Attempts to create animal-like performance in robots illustrate the limitations of using rigid-body mechanics alone. There is a growing appreciation that soft structures are critical for producing robust and adaptable behaviors in complex environments. Studies of predominantly soft animals could help to accelerate our understanding of the biomechanical role of deformable materials and their control. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of locomotion in terrestrial soft animals. It highlights the critical distinction between purely hydrostatic systems that control movements by pressurization and those that can remain relatively soft and exploit stiff substrates (the environmental skeleton strategy). The final section describes biomimetic devices that have been inspired by both animal strategies to show how such biological solutions might be employed to build controllable, highly deformable mobile machines.
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Book chapters on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Lottering, Lloyd, Mohamed Belaid, and Anthony Njuguna Matheri. "Contribution of Biomethane from Different Substrate into Energy Sustainability and Greener Economy." In Handbook of Solid Waste Management, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7525-9_102-1.

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Shafferman, Avigdor, Arie Ordentlich, Dov Barak, Chanoch Kronman, Naomi Ariel, and Baruch Velan. "Contribution of the Active Center Functional Architecture to AChE Reactivity Toward Substrates and Inhibitors." In Structure and Function of Cholinesterases and Related Proteins, 203–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1540-5_54.

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Cirrincione, Laura, and Giorgia Peri. "Covering the Gap for an Effective Energy and Environmental Design of Green Roofs: Contributions from Experimental and Modelling Researches." In Future City, 149–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_8.

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AbstractGreen roofs are components of the building envelope that have become increasingly popular in urban contexts because other than providing numerous environmental benefits they are also capable of reducing building energy consumption, especially in summer. However, despite all these advantages, green roofs are still affected by some limitations. Specifically, there are some gaps affecting the energy modelling consisting in the absence of a proper database, information (growth stage, leaf area index, and coverage ratio) relative to the different green roof plant species, which technicians could use in case of lack of actual field data to perform energy analysis of buildings equipped with green roofs. These gaps concern also environmental and economic assessments of such technology. In fact, the currently available green roof LCA and LCC studies seem to underestimate the role of the substrate on the overall environmental impact and the role of the disposal phase on the life cycle cost of the green roof. In this chapter, all these aspects are addressed, and contributions to their solution, which arose from both experimental and modelling research, carried out by the authors are presented.
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Lefebvre, Claire. "8. On the principled nature of the respective contributions of substrate and superstrate languages to a creole's lexicon." In Creole Language Library, 197–223. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.33.11lef.

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Khedim, Z., B. Benyahia, and J. Harmand. "Contribution of Modeling in the Understanding of the Anaerobic Digestion: Application to the Digestion of Protein-Rich Substrates." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 253–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58421-8_40.

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Noort, Maurits van den, Peggy Bosch, Tarik Hadzibeganovic, Katrien Mondt, Marco Haverkort, and Kenneth Hugdahl. "Chapter 1. Identifying the Neural Substrates of Second Language Acquisition: What is the Contribution from Functional and Structural MRI?" In Neurolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives on SLA, edited by Janusz Arabski and Adam Wojtaszek, 3–16. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781847692429-003.

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Zhong, Jun. "Atomistic Simulation of Severely Adhesive Wear on a Rough Aluminum Substrate." In Tribology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94025.

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In this Chapter, a severely adhesive wear on a rough aluminum (Al) substrate is simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) under a high velocity impact of a hard-asperity (a hard-tip) with the Al-asperity. Multiple simulations include effects of four factors: the inter-asperity bonding, the geometry overlap between two asperities, the impact velocity between two asperities and the starting temperature of the Al-substrate. It is observed that the deformation mechanism on the Al-substrate would involve a local melting (from 1200 to 2500 K) which forms liquid type layers (amorphous textures) in the contact area between two asperities. Also, temperature profiles on the hard-tip and the Al-substrate is depicted. Moreover, a method in the Design of Experiments (DOE) is employed to interpret above all simulations. The DOE results indicate that the inter-asperity bonding and the geometry overlap between two asperities would substantially increase the wear rate (for about 53.56% and 67.29% contributions), while the starting temperature of the Al-substrate and the impact velocity between two asperities would play less important roles (about 10.30% and 6.61%) in raising the wear rate.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Venous Thromboembolism." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0008.

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Blood clotting within the venous circulatory system, in contrast to arterial thrombosis, occurs at a relatively slow pace in response to stagnation of flow (stasis) and activation of coagulation. As with arterial thrombosis, vascular injury, either direct in the setting of trauma or indirect as a diffuse, systemic inflammatory response (that ultimately causes endothelial cell damage), represents an important stimulus. Venous thrombi are intravascular deposits composed predominantly of erythrocytes and fibrin, with a variable contribution of platelets and leukocytes. In a majority of cases, thrombosis begins in areas of slow flow within the venous sinuses of valve cusp pockets either in the deep veins of the calf or upper thigh or at sites of direct injury following trauma (Kakkar et al., 1969; Nicolaides et al., 1971). Stasis predisposes to thrombosis most profoundly in the setting of inflammatory states and activated coagulation factors. Slowed blood flow impairs the clearance of coagulation proteases, which through bioamplification increases the local concentration of thrombin substrate. If local thromboresistance is impaired, as may be the case with inherited or acquired thrombophilias (see Chapter 24), thrombosis occurs. Blood flow velocity is reduced by indwelling catheters, which also causes focal endothelial injury, peripheral edema, pregnancy, and valve cusp damage from prior venous thrombosis and/or chronic venous insufficiency (Trottier et al., 1995). Although venous thrombosis can occur in a variety of sites, the most common encountered in clinical practice is within the deep veins of the lower extremity. Thrombi developing within the veins of the calf or thigh can serve as a nidus for growth (propagation), which may cause complete venous obstruction, or embolize to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
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Roberts, G. C. K., and L. Y. Lian. "NMR Approaches To Understanding Protein Specificity." In Biological NMR Spectroscopy. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195094688.003.0015.

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The biological functions of proteins all depend on their highly specific interactions with other molecules, and the understanding of the molecular basis of the specificity of these interactions is an important part of the effort to understand protein structure-function relationships. NMR spectroscopy can provide information on many different aspects of protein-ligand interactions, ranging from the determination of the complete structure of a protein-ligand complex to focussing on selected features of the interactions between the ligand and protein by using “reporter groups” on the ligand or the protein. It has two particular advantages: the ability to study the complex in solution, and the ability to provide not only structural, but also dynamic, kinetic and thermodynamic information on ligand binding. Early analyses of ligand binding (Jardetzky and Roberts, 1981) focused on measurements of relaxation times, chemical shifts and coupling constants, which gave relatively limited, although valuable, structural information. More recently, it has become possible to obtain much more detailed information, due to the extensive use of nuclear Overhauser effect measurements and isotope-labeled proteins and ligands; a number of reviews of this area are available (Feeney and Birdsall, 1993; Lian et al, 1994; Wand and Short, 1994; Petros and Fesik, 1994; Wemmer and Williams, 1994). In this article, we describe some recent work from our laboratory which illustrates the use of NMR spectroscopy to obtain structural and mechanistic information on relatively large enzyme-substrate and proteinprotein complexes. A number of species of pathogenic bacteria, notably Streptococci and Staphylococci, have proteins on their surface that bind immurioglobulins (reviewed in Boyle (1990)). Protein A from S. aureus and protein G from species of Streptococci are widely used as imrnunological tools and are the most extensively studied of these antibody-binding proteins. A detailed understanding of the binding mechanisms of these proteins is important, not only for providing us with the structural basis for their functions, but also as a contribution toward understanding the general rules of protein-protein interactions.
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Atkins, Peter. "Food for Thought: Enzyme Action." In Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0034.

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Nature makes use of the tools that I have been developing, and does so in the most extraordinary and subtle manner. After all, she has had about four billion years to come up with solutions to problems with which human chemists have striven seriously for only a century or so. Most of the reactions that go on in organisms—including you—are controlled by the proteins called ‘enzymes’ (a name derived from the Greek words for ‘in leaven’, as in yeast). Enzymes are biological catalysts (Reaction 11) that are extraordinarily specific and highly effective in their role. One of these complex molecules might serve as the merest foot soldier in the army of reactions going on inside you, with a role such as severing the bond between two specific groups of atoms in a target molecule. Because their function may be highly specific, enzyme molecules need to be large: they have to recognize the molecule they act on, act on it, then release it so that they can act again. Thus, they have to have several functions built into them. As you will see, enzymes are the ultimate in functional blindness: they feel around in their surroundings in order to identify their substrate, the species they can act on. Life is ultimately blind chemical progress guided by touch. I am going to introduce you to one particular group of enzymes, the ‘proteases’, and focus on one example from this group, namely chymotrypsin. A protease is a traitor to its kind: it is a protein that breaks down other proteins. It plays a role in digestion, of course, but its range is much wider. One protease enables a lucky sperm to eat through the cell wall of an egg and ensure its at least temporary immortality. Another facilitates the clotting of blood to terminate possibly fatal bleeding. Chymotrypsin itself is an enzyme that is secreted from the pancreas into the intestine, and makes an essential contribution to the process of digestion. Its name is derived slightly circuitously from the Greek words for animal fluid, a bodily ‘humour’, and rubbing, as it was obtained as a fluid by rubbing the pancreas.
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Conference papers on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Duraz, E., P. Ferrari, L. Duvillaret, J. L. Coutaz, J. M. Duchamp, E. Estebe, and J. P. Ghesquiers. "CPW on silicon substrates: propagation constant modeling and substrate free carriers contribution." In 2005 European Microwave Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eumc.2005.1610068.

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Acheghaf, A., M. Boussouis, and N. Amar Touhami. "Contribution to the two-dimensional modeling of micro-coplanar lines on a dielectric substrate." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3167486.3167535.

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Sarvestani, Alireza. "A Theoretical Analysis for the Effect of Substrate Elasticity on Cellular Adhesion." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13311.

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Cell behavior is mediated by variety of physiochemical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). Material composition, surface chemistry, roughness, and distribution pattern of cell adhesive proteins are among the ECM properties which are known to modulate various cellular physiological functions. Mechanical stiffness of ECM in particular is found to be a major regulator for multiple aspects of cellular function. Experiments show that cells in general, exhibit an apparent adhesion preference for stiffer substrates with a larger projected spread area with increasing the substrate stiffness. In addition, it seems that the effect of substrates elasticity is strongly coupled with adhesivity of the substrate; on relatively stiff substrates the spread area of the cells exhibits strong biphasic dependence to the changes in ligand density, whereas on soft substrates their limited spreading is much less sensitive to the density of surface ligands. This study aims to propose a theoretical basis for the interplay between substrate elasticity and cellular adhesion, using an equilibrium thermodynamic model. Within this framework, the equilibrium contact area is assumed to ensure minimization of the free energy contributed by interfacial adhesive and repulsive interactions between the membrane and substrate as well as the deformation of cell and substrate. Hence, this thermodynamic model overlooks the contribution of intracellular signaling or actively regulated cytoskeleton and assumes that cell adhesion is solely a result of the balance between the membrane-substrate repulsive potentials, stored elastic energy, binding enthalpy, and mixing entropy of mobile receptors. The predictions of this purely mechanistic model for cell adhesion qualitatively follow the experimental results featuring the variation of cell spread area on compliant bio-adhesive substrates. This suggests that the mechanistic pathways inherent to membrane-substrate interactions may be equally important as intracellular signaling pathways to mediate the cellular adhesion.
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KOGA, Junji, Shin-ichi TAKAGI, and Akira TORIUMI. "Different Contribution of Interface States and Substrate Impurities to Coulomb Scattering in Si MOS Inversion Layer." In 1994 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1994.a-11-2.

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Chen, Liang, and Satish Kumar. "Thermal Transport in Graphene Supported on Copper." In ASME 2012 Third International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2012-75075.

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The present study investigates the thermal transport in suspended graphene and graphene supported on copper substrate using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, Green-Kubo method and relaxation time approximation (RTA) approach. The thermal coupling between graphene and copper substrate was investigated by varying the interaction strength between the carbon atoms and Cu atoms at the interface. The contribution of different phonon modes to the thermal conductivity of suspended and supported graphene was analyzed in order to elucidate the graphene-substrate thermal interactions. The thermal conductivity of graphene decreases with the increasing strength of the interfacial interaction. The analysis shows that the interactions with copper substrate can reduce the thermal conductivity by up to 44%. The decrease of thermal conductivity is primarily due to the suppression of contribution from out-of-plane acoustic (ZA) phonons in the large wave vector region.
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Tsai, Jun-Ting, David F. Bahr, Semih Akin, Fengfeng Zhou, Martin Byung-Guk Jun, and MinSoo Park. "Simulation and Characterization of Cold Spray Deposition of Metal Powders on Polymer Substrate Electrically Conductive Application." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8461.

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Abstract Cold sprayed polymer substrates offer a promising platform for bridging electroless deposition methods and applications. This study’s contribution to the field is the combination of cold sprayed polymer substrate and the electroless-plating process. In simulation, finite element analysis of the as-sprayed polymer substrate using a viscoelastic model that considers large strain time-dependent behavior were conducted. A three-network constitutive model was applied to capture the non-linear and time-dependent response of large strain polymer deformation. In experiment, the process-structure-property relationship was examined from the as-sprayed specimen to the final coated electroless-plated samples. A controlled coating process of Cu powders was first cold sprayed on polyamide 6. The as-sprayed specimen was then electroless deposited. Mechanical testing was performed on as-sprayed specimens and adhesion testing was performed on electroless deposited specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the surface and the cross-section of the as-sprayed and electroless deposited specimens. Lastly, the behavior of Cu coated specimens immersed in KOH solution was examined by cyclic voltammetry.
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Peng, H. J., S. P. Wong, and Shounan Zhao. "Study of Thin Film-Edge Induced Stresses in Silicon Substrates by Infrared Photoelasticity." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/rsafp-21743.

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Abstract In this work, we shall report the direct observation of the stress field in the silicon substrate induced by an oxide thin film edge using the infrared (IR) photoelastic (PE) method. Our experimental results showed that the earlier analytical solutions cannot give a satisfactory description of the observed IR PE stress fringe patterns. A simple model is developed to treat the stress field under the film edge as a superposition of two contributions. One term is as described by the concentrated force model proposed by Hu which is singular at the thin film edge. The other term is non-singular corresponding to the contribution as described by the bimetallic strip theory. The simulation images of stress fringe patterns are obtained according to this model. Good agreement is found between the simulated and experimental stress fringe patterns. In addition, the effects of film thickness and substrate thickness on the stress distribution in this structure were also investigated.
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Su, Zonghui, Jonathan A. Malen, Justin P. Freedman, Robert F. Davis, Jacob H. Leach, and Edward A. Preble. "Dependence of Thermal Conductivities of the AlN Film in the LED Architecture on Surface Roughness and Lattice Mismatch." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17116.

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Thickness dependent thermal conductivity measurements were made on aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films grown by two methods on the (0001) surfaces of silicon carbide (SiC) and sapphire substrates with differing surface roughness. We find that the AlN layer itself makes a small contribution to the overall thermal resistance. Instead, the thermal boundary resistance (TBR) of 5.1±2.8 m2-K/GW between the AlN and substrate is equivalent to 240 nm of highly dislocated AlN, or 1450 nm of single crystal AlN. An order-of-magnitude larger TBR was measured between AlN films and SiC substrates with increased surface roughness (1.2 nm vs. 0.2 nm RMS). High resolution TEM images reveal near-interface planar defects in the AlN films grown on the rough SiC that we hypothesize are the source of increased TBR.
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Yeo, Chang-Dong, and Andreas A. Polycarpou. "Elastic Contact Model Accounting for Both Asperity and Substrate Compliance With Application to Patterned Media." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44503.

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An improved elastic contact stiffness model for a single asperity system is proposed to account for the effects of both bulk substrate and asperity deformations between two contacting surfaces. Depending upon the applied load, as well as the geometrical and physical properties of the asperity and bulk material, the bulk substrate can have a considerable contribution to the overall contact stiffness. Finite element analysis is performed to verify the proposed analytical model. The single asperity model is extended to rough surfaces in contact. The contact stiffness values from the proposed model are compared to those from the GW model. The proposed contact model can be directly relevant to analyze the contact behavior of modern patterned media.
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Vafaei, Saeid, Panagiota Angeli, and Dongsheng Wen. "Bubble Formation on Top of Submerged Needle and Substrate Plates." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30551.

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The purpose of this investigation is to conduct a comparative study on the formation of bubble on top of a stainless steel needle nozzle and two substrate plate nozzles. The experimental study is conducted on a submerged needle nozzle with internal diameter of 0.51 mm and 0.155 mm thickness, and two stainless steel substrate plates with nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm and 0.51mm respectively. The experiment is carried out under low gas flow rates (0.015 ∼ 0.85 ml/min). The bubble formation is recorded by a high speed video camera and detailed characteristics of bubble formation such as the variations of instantaneous contact angles, bubble heights and the radii of contact lines are obtained, which show a weak dependence on the flow rate under the conditions of current work. Using experimentally captured values of the height of bubble and the radius of contact line, the Young-Laplace equation is solved, which is found to be able to predict bubble evolution quite well until the last milliseconds before the detachment. Interestingly, it is found that the trends of the variation of bubble volume expansion rate from the stainless steel needle and the substrate plate are different, however, the rest of bubble characteristics such as radius of contact line, bubble height, contact angle, and radius of curvature of bubble apex follow same trends as the time and bubble volume change for formation of bubble on top of needle and substrate nozzles. A force analysis of bubble formation reveals that the observed variations of contact angles and other characteristics during the bubble growth period are associated with the relative contribution of surface tension, buoyancy and gravitational forces.
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Reports on the topic "Substrate contribution"

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Budai, J. D. Advanced Photon Source Activity Report 2002 at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, December 2003 - contribution title:"Microdiffraction Study of Epitaxial Growth and Lattice Tilts in Oxide Films on Polycrystalline Metal Substrates". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885661.

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