Academic literature on the topic 'Substrati'
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Journal articles on the topic "Substrati"
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Porcelli, Stefano. "Neurobiologia del cervello sociale nei disturbi d'ansia e dell'umore - Mini-review." QUADERNI DI PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA, no. 51 (January 2023): 32–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qpc51-2022oa15181.
Full textAbstract:
La conoscenza attuale permette di tracciare un iniziale quadro dei complessi substrati neurobiologici che sostengono il funzionamento del cervello sociale negli umani. L'alta complessità del cervello sociale determina tuttavia un'alta vulnerabilità verso diversi disturbi neuropsichiatrici.Nel presente articolo, ci siamo focalizzati sulle disfunzioni sociali presenti nei principali disturbi dell'umore e di ansia, descrivendo i substrati neurobiologici che sono stati associati a tali deficit. È interessante notare che tali substrati risultano simili in questi disturbi e simili a quelli riscontrati in altri disturbi neuropsichiatrici, seppure risultino impattati in misura diversa nelle diverse condizioni. Perciò, le disfunzioni sociali potrebbero rappresentare un dominio (parzialmente) indipendente con specifiche alterazioni biologiche alla sua base.Una migliore comprensione di tali basi neurobiologiche potrebbe aprire la strada allo sviluppo di trattamenti mirati per tali deficit.
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Angelini, A., A. Abdurahakman, R. Manara, P. Amistà, and G. Thiene. "Substrati anatomo-patologici degli aneurismi cerebrali." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 16, no. 1 (February 2003): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090301600116.
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Atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dysplasia are the two most common causes of cerebral aneurysms. Saccular aneurysms are mainly congential and located in the bifurcations. Fusiform aneurysms are caused by atherosclerosis and involve the posterior portion, mainly the vertebral and basilar arteries and may develop into giant aneurysms. Cerebral atherosclerosis causes two types of lesions: stenosis with the formation of atheromatous plaque jutting into the lumen, and aneurysms leading to vascular remodelling with erosion of the internal elastic membrane, atrophy of the media and thickening and hyalinization of the intima. Atheromatous plaque is characterised by a fibromuscular intimal cap and a necrotic lipid core with atrophy of the underlying media. Plaque may thicken to occlude the vessel by intraplaque haemorrhage and superimposed occlusive thrombosis due to ulceration, or rupture of the fibrous cap caused by inflammation. It remains unsettled whether atherosclerotic cerebral aneurysms are malformations, with congenital abnormalities of the internal elastic membrane and elastic fibres constituting the media, or whether atheromatous changes are secondary to impaired blood flow. Thinning of the wall could also be caused by flow changes with parietal stress resulting from the turbulence caused by atherosclerotic stenotic lesions or the outcome of dissection of the arterial wall. Fibromuscular dysplasia is a multifocal vascular disease of unknown origin, not atherosclerotic or inflammatory, mainly affecting the brain media with lesions characterized by areas of concentric fibromuscular tissue jutting into the vessel lumen alternating with areas of thinning to almost disappearance of the tunica media and discontinuity of the internal elastic membrane in areas of thinning with the formation of aneurysms. Vessel calibre varies with areas of luminal stenosis alternating with areas of aneurysmal dilatation. The origin of this disease remains unknown and it is thought to be multifactorial possibly associated with saccular aneurysms, fusiform giant aneurysms, dissection of the intracranial arteries, cavernous fistulae and stenosis or occlusion associated with dysplasia. Aneurysms in the brain may share the same underlying mechanisms as aneurysms elsewhere involving atherosclerosis and fibromuscular dyspasia, i.e. remodelling of the extracellular matrix. A recent hypothesis suggested that cerebral aneurysms were caused by an active mechanisms in the arterial wall rather than a passive process linked to genetically determined structural defects or purely haemodynamic events. Apoptosis has also been implicated in the remodelling of the extracelular matrix in the wall of cerebral aneurysms.
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GRUNINGER, MARK F., BRIAN R. LAWN, EDWARD N. FARABAUGH, and JOHN B. WACHTMAN. "Measurement of Residual Stresses in Coatings on Brittle Substrati by Indentation Fracture." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 70, no. 5 (May 1987): 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb05006.x.
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Šimelevičius, Dainius, and Romas Baronas. "Amperometrinių biojutiklių su sinerginių substratų stiprinimu kompiuterinis modeliavimas." Informacijos mokslai 56 (January 1, 2011): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2011.0.3139.
Full textAbstract:
Šiame straipsnyje yra tiriamas amperometrinis biojutiklis, kuriame biojutiklio atsakas yra stiprinamas chemiškai – sinerginiais substratais. Tokiuose biojutikliuose, be substrato, kurio koncentracija matuojama, naudojamas ir pagalbinis substratas, reikalingas substratų sinergetikai. Biojutiklis yra modeliuojamas naudojant nestacionarias netiesines reakcijos-difuzijos lygtis. Modeliuojami keturi biojutiklio sluoksniai: fermento sluoksnis, kuriame vyksta visos biocheminės reakcijos ir difuzija, dializėsmembrana ir difuzijos sluoksnis, kuriuose vyksta tik difuzija ir reakcijos, kuriose nedalyvauja fermentas, o ketvirtasis sluoksnis yra tirpalo dalis, kurioje palaikoma vienoda medžiagų koncentracija. Lygčių sistema sprendžiama skaitiškai, naudojant baigtinių skirtumų metodą. Tiriama biojutiklio atsako bei jautrio priklausomybė nuo substratų koncentracijų ir nuo difuzijos sluoksnio storio.Modelling Amperometric Biosensors with Synergistic Substrate AmplificationDainius Šimelevičius, Romas Baronas SummaryComputational modelling of a biosensor in which chemical amplification by synergistic substrates takes place was investigated in this study. In the biosensors of this type, in addition to the substrate (analyte), another auxiliary substrate is used. It is necessary to achieve the substrates synergy. The operation of the biosensor is modelled using non-stationary reactiondiffusion equations. The model involves four regions: the enzyme layer where the enzymatic reactions as well as the mass transport by diffusion take place, the dialysis membrane and the diffusion limiting region where the mass transport by diffusion and non-enzymatic reactions take place, and the convective region in which the analyte concentration is maintained constant. The equation system is solved numerically using the finite difference technique. The biosensor response dependency on substrate concentrations and the diffusion layer thickness, as well as the biosensor sensitivity dependence on the same parameters have been studied."line-height: 18px;">
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Moulambi-Nzonza, Samuel Jobercia, François Mankessi, Jean Bruno Bassiloua, and Rosalie Matondo. "Effet du substrat sur la biomasse et la fixation symbiotique de l’azote par les plants de Acacia mangium willd. (Fabaceae) en pépinière." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.11.
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Acacia mangium Willd est une espèce à croissance rapide, fixatrice d’azote, capable de restituer au sol des éléments minéraux par chute de litière. Elle est actuellement très utilisée dans les programmes de reboisement. L’effet substrat sur la biomasse des plants, à l’âge de plantation, a été estimé dans le but d’optimiser les conditions de production des plants. Un dispositif en blocs complets randomisés comprenant six types de substrats à base de terre noire, charbon et sciure de bois, a été mis en place. Des jeunes plants âgés de trois semaines ont été transplantés dans des plaques alvéolées comprenant différents substrats puis élevés jusqu’à l’âge de plantation. Une dose de 30 g d’engrais NPK dilués dans 10 l d’eau a été apportée quotidiennement aux plants. Les résultats obtenus montrent un effet substrat sur la biomasse et la croissance. Les plants issus des substrats 6 (75% terre+25% charbon) et 4 (50% terre+50% charbon) présentent les meilleures performances de croissance. L’Activité Réductrice d’Acétylène (ARA) réalisée a été influencée par le substrat. La dose de fertilisation apportée n’a pas engendré l’avortement des nodules. Le substrat 5 (50% de terre noire, 25% de charbon et 25% de sciure de bois) offre les conditions optimales de développement des nodules.Mots clés : Substrat, Acacia mangium, biomasse, ARA.
English Title: Effect of substrate on the biomass and the symbiotic fixing of nitrogen by Acacia mangium willd. (Fabaceae) seedlings in the nurseryAcacia mangium Willd is a rapid growth species, fixing of nitrogen and able to restore on the ground biogenic salts through the fall of litter. It’s currently very used in the afforestation programs. The effect of substrate on the seedlings biomass at the plantation age was estimated with the aim of optimizing the seedlings production conditions. A randomized complete blocks of six types of substrate containing black soil, charcoal and sawdust, was set up. Seedlings of three weeks old were transplanted in the alveolate plates with various substrates during the education phase until the age of plantation. 30 g of a mineral fertilizer NPK (20-20-20) diluted in 10 l of water was brought daily to the seedlings. The results showed a substrate effect on the biomass and the plants growth. Seeedlings which growed on the substrate 6 (75% black soil + 25% charcoal) and 4 (50% black soil + 50% charcoal) present the best growth performances. The Acetylene Reduction Assay (ARA) realized was significantly influenced by the types of substrate. Mineral fertilizer brought does not generate the abortion of the nodules. The substrate 5 (black soil 50%, charcoal 25% and sawdust 25%) offered the optimum conditions of nodules development.Keywords: Substrate, Acacia mangium, biomass, ARA.
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Lebedev, Aleksandr, Olegas Černašėjus, and Jelena Škamat. "THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL SPRAY PROCESS TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE PROPERTIES OF COATINGS / TERMINIO PURŠKIMO TECHNOLOGINIŲ PARAMETRŲ POVEIKIS DANGŲ SAVYBĖMS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 6 (January 18, 2017): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.986.
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The article deals with the plasma sprayed Ni-based coating on aluminum alloy substrates. Before spraying, the surfaces of substrates were modified employing sandblasting and its combination with preheating. The coatings were sprayed under variation of spray process parameters. The study involves coating microstructure, porosity and adhesion tests. The influence of spray parameters and substrate pre-treatment on the properties of coating were evaluated. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos plazminio purškimo būdu ant aliuminio lydinio substrato užpurkštos Ni pagrindo dangos. Substrato paviršius prieš purškimą buvo apdorotas smėliavimo būdu, taip pat ir pakaitinant substratą iki 150 °C temperatūros. Naudojant skirtingus plazminio purškimo proceso parametrus, buvo užpurkštos nikelio-aliuminio dangos. Darbe ištirta gautų dangų mikrostruktūra, akytumas ir adhezijos stipris. Įvertintas plazminio purškimo parametrų ir substrato paruošimo poveikis gautų dangų savybėms.
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Munasik, Munasik, Suharsono Suharsono, J. Situmorang, and Kamiso H. N. "Kerapatan dan Kelulushidupan pada Rekrutmen Karang Pocillopora damicornis (Density and Survivorship on the Recruitment of the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 19, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.19.3.171-180.
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Studi rekrutmen karang Pocillopora damicornis telah dilakukan dengan mengamati kerapatan juvenil pada substrat penempelan di dataran terumbu Pulau Panjang, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rekrutmen terjadi sepanjang tahun dan tertinggi pada periode Agustus-Oktober. Laju rekrutmen karang di belakang terumbu (back reef) pada sisi bawah angin (selatan) lebih tinggi daripada di sisi atas angin (utara) Pulau Panjang, tampaknya hal ini berkorelasi dengan kerapatan populasi karang dewasanya. Kerapatan juvenil karang tertinggi pada substrat batu alam terjadi pada sisi bawah permukaan substrat, akan tetapi pertumbuhan juvenil karang tertinggi ditemukan di sisi atas permukaan substrat. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kerapatan juvenil karang berhubungan dengan kelulusan hidup juvenil karang. Semakin tinggi kerapatan juvenil karang P. damicornis maka semakin rendah kelulusan hidup juvenil karang karena terjadinya peningkatan persaingan sesama juvenil karang dan akibat kekurangan cahaya. Kata kunci: rekrutmen, kerapatan, kelulushidupan, karang Pocillopora damicornis Recruitment of the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis was studied by observing the juvenile density on the settlement plate substrate in reef flat of Panjang Island, Jepara, Central Java. The results show that recruitment occurs throughout the year and the highest in the period from August to October. The rate of recruitment of coral reefs in back reef on the leeward (south) is higher than on the windward (north) of the island, it seems to be correlated with population density of adult corals. The highest density of juvenile corals on natural substrata occurs on the lower side surface of the substrate, but the highest growth of juvenile are found on the upper side surface of the substrate. This indicates that the density of juvenile corals associated with the survival of juvenile corals. The higher density of juvenile corals P. damicornis, the lower the survival of juvenile corals due to an increase in competition among juvenile corals and due to lack of light. Keywords: recruitment, density, survivorship, coral Pocillopora damicornis
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Sankara, Florence, Fernand Sankara, Salimata Pousga, Wendpègda Jeanne Marie Bamogo, Kalifa Coulibaly, Jacques Philippe Nacoulma, Irénée Somda, and Marc Kenis. "Influence des attractifs sur la production des larves de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica L. (1758)) pour l’alimentation avicole dans la zone ouest du Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 3 (August 29, 2022): 1217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i3.25.
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Les asticots constituent une source alternative de protéines animales pour pallier au problème d’alimentation auquel est confrontée l’aviculture. Cette étude, conduite au Burkina Faso avait pour objectifs de déterminer la date appropriée de récolte des asticots, d’identifier les substrats potentiels de production ainsi que les meilleurs attractifs afin d’optimiser les méthodes de production des larves de mouches domestiques pour une production avicole plus efficace et rentable. A cet effet, trois dates de récolte (4ème, 5ème et 6ème jour après exposition des substrats) ont été testées. Aussi, l’effet de cinq substrats aux états bruts et fermentés et de trois attractifs sur la production des asticots a été évalué. Les résultats ont montré que les récoltes d’asticots effectuées le 4ème jour étaient plus élevées (132,4 g/kg). La fiente de volaille constitue le meilleur substrat brut avec 112 g d’asticots frais/kg de substrat. Le sang frais est le meilleur attractif pour le son de maïs (254,3 g/kg) et le lisier de porc (199,8 g/kg). Les déchets de poisson frais constituent le meilleur attractif pour le contenu du rumen (121,5 g/kg). Les substrats peuvent être facilement améliorés à l’aide des attractifs. L’utilisation de tels résultats permet d’optimiser les méthodes de production d’asticots avec les meilleurs substrats et attractifs tout en récoltant à la bonne date.
Maggots are an alternative source of animal protein to solve the feeding problem faced by poultry farming. The objectives of this study, conducted in Burkina Faso, were to determine the appropriate date for maggot harvesting, to identify potential production substrates and the best attractants in order to optimize housefly larvae production methods for more efficient and profitable poultry production. To this end, three harvest dates (4th, 5th and 6th day after exposure of the substrates) were tested. Also, the effect of five substrates in raw and fermented states and three attractants on maggot production was evaluated. The results showed that maggot harvests on day 4 were higher (132.4 g/kg). Poultry droppings were the best raw substrate with 112 g fresh maggots / kg substrate. Fresh blood is the best attractant for corn bran (254.3 g/kg) and pig manure (199.8 g/kg). Fresh fish waste is the best attractant for rumen contents (121.5 g/kg). Substrates can easily be improved with the help of attractants. Using such results, maggot production methods can be optimized with the best substrates and attractants while harvesting at the right time.
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Sermatang, Jessico H., Charlotha I. Tupan, and Laura Siahainenia. "MORFOMETRIK LAMUN Thalassia hemprichii BERDASARKAN TIPE SUBSTRAT DI PERAIRAN PANTAI TANJUNG TIRAM, POKA, TELUK AMBON DALAM." TRITON: Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan 17, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tritonvol17issue2page77-89.
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Seagrass as a flowering plant can live from muddy substrates to coral fractures. Differences in the characteristics of substrate type, nutrient content and aquatic environmental conditions can affect morphometric seagrass. The purpose of the study was to analyze environmental conditions and nutrient content as well as the morphometric characteristics of T. hemprichii seagrass based on differences in substrate type. This study was conducted in the waters of Tanjung Tiram Coastal, Poka from February-April 2021. Seagrass sampling was using the purposive sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA with SPSS. The results of environmental parameters analysis showed that the water conditions of Tanjung Tiram, Poka are still at the tolerance limit intended for seagrass life. The substrate consists of sand substrate, gravel mixed sand substrate and mud substrate. The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in the content of sedimentary nutrients, especially phosphates in each substrate type and there was a significant difference in morphometric seagrass based on differences in substrate type and nutrient content.
ABSTRAK
Lamun sebagai tumbuhan berbunga dapat hidup mulai dari substrat berlumpur sampai dengan patahan karang. Perbedaan karakteristik jenis substrat, kandungan nutrien dan kondisi lingkungan perairan dapat mempengaruhi morfometrik lamun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi lingkungan dan kandungan nutrien serta karakteristik morfometrik lamun T. hemprichii berdasarkan perbedaan tipe substrat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Pantai Tanjung Tiram, Poka pada Bulan Februari-April 2021. Pengambilan sampel lamun menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dengan SPSS. Hasil analisis parameter lingkungan, menunjukan bahwa kondisi perairan Tanjung Tiram, Poka masih berada pada batas toleransi yang diperuntukan untuk kehidupan lamun. Substrat terdiri dari substrat pasir, pasir campur kerikil dan lumpur. Hasil anova menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kandungan nutrien sedimen khususnya fosfat secara signifikan pada masing masing tipe substrat dan terdapat perbedaan morfometrik lamun secara signifikan berdasarkan perbedaan tipe substrat dan kandungan nutrien.
Kata Kunci: morfometrik, nutrien, substrat, Tanjung Tiram, Thalassia hemprichii
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Manuputty, Gratia Dolores, and Yunita Noya. "DISTRIBUSI SPESIES TERIPANG BERDASARKAN TIPE SUBSTRAT PADA EKOSISTEM PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN NEGERI SULI." TRITON: Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan 15, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tritonvol15issue2page76-81.
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This study aims to determine the distribution of sea cucumber based on the characteristics of the substrate in the intertidal waters of Suli. This research was conducted in the waters of Suli in November 2017. Substrate data were analyzed and classified based on Shepards Scale, while the data of sea cucumber were obtained from previous study where samples were analyzed in the laboratory to identify the species based on the shapes of holothurians spicules, microscopically. The data were combined to plot the distribution of sea cucumber based on existing substrate characters. Data were analyzed descriptively. Approximately 14 species identified were scattered on various types of substrate. The substrate were dominated by sandy substrate, varied from medium sand, very coarse sand (dominant), coarse sand, gravel mixed with fine sand, and coral fragments. The result showed that a number of sea cucumbers species were spoted on certain substrates, however, lots of species habitually distributed on each type of substrate. Spesies of Holothuria scabra, H. atra, and Opheodosoma grisea were distributed at majority substrates types.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran teripang berdasarkan karakteristik substrat yang ada di perairan intertidal Suli. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perairan Suli pada bulan November 2017. Data substrat yang diperoleh dianalisa dan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Skala Shepards. Sedangkan data teripang diperoleh dari penelitian sebelumnya, dimana sampel teripang yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisa pada laboratorium untuk mengidentifikasi spesies yang ditemukan, berdasarkan analisa bentuk spikula secara mikroskopis. Data dipadukan untuk digunakan dalam membuat peta distribusi teripang berdasarkan karakter substrat yang ada. Data dianalisa secara deskriptif. Teridentifikasi 14 spesies teripang pada ekosistem padang lamun perairan Suli yang tersebar pada berbagai jenis substrat. Tipe substrat pada lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh susbtrat berpasir, dengan variasi substrat antara lain: pasir bercampur pasir sedang, pasir bercampur pasir kasar, pasir kasar bercampur pasir, kerikil bercampur pasir halus, dan karang/patahan karang. Dari beberapa variasi ini, tipe substrat yang paling mendominasi adalah pasir kasar bercampur pasir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada penyebaran beberapa jenis teripang pada substrat tertentu, namun sebagian besar jenis teripang terdistribusi secara merata pada setiap jenis substrat. Jenis teripang Holothuria scabra, H. atra, dan Opheodosoma grisea ditemukan pada hampir semua tipe substrat.
Kata Kunci: teripang, substrat, distribusi, ekosistem lamun, Suli
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Substrati"
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Sola, Margherita. "Polimeri biocompatibili come substrati per colture cellulari." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6144/.
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Questo lavoro costituisce un'interfaccia tra la fisica dei materiali e la biologia; sfruttando le particolari proprietà del polimero conduttore poli(3,4-etilenediossitiofene) drogato con poli(stirene sulfonato) (PSS), o PEDOT:PSS, sono stati sviluppati e realizzati substrati per colture cellulari. Tale composto è infatti un polimero organico biocompatibile, caratterizzato da proprietà fisiche che ben si prestano ad applicazioni in campo biologico.
Vengono inizialmente descritte le caratteristiche generali e gli schemi di classificazione dei polimeri, per analizzare quindi in dettaglio i polimeri conduttori e la loro modalità di drogaggio. Si presenta quindi il PEDOT:PSS, del quale vengono descritte le proprietà, in particolare ci si sofferma sulle quelle termiche, meccaniche ed elettriche. Il primo capitolo si conclude con la presentazione delle applicazioni bioelettroniche del PEDOT:PSS, illustrando le principali applicazioni nella ricerca biologica e descrivendo le caratteristiche che ne hanno fatto uno dei composti più utilizzati per questo tipo di applicazioni.
Nel secondo capitolo, per la parte sperimentale, sono stati descritti approfonditamente gli strumenti e i materiali utilizzati; in particolare vengono spiegati dettagliatamente il procedimento di spin-coating per la produzione di film sottili e le tecniche AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) per l'analisi della morfologia superficiale.
Nel terzo capitolo vengono esposte le tecniche sperimentali impiegate: è stata sviluppata una procedura di produzione ripetibile, grazie alla quale sono stati realizzati dei campioni, per i quali poi è stata misurata la rugosità. I risultati conseguiti sono stati infine correlati con l'analisi della proliferazione cellulare, illustrata chiaramente dalle immagini ottenute al microscopio ottico, che rivelano l'adesione e la moltiplicazione cellulare sui substrati di PEDOT:PSS.
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Pacini, Alex. "Studio di topologie d'antenne su substrati magneto-dielettrici." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4323/.
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Le più moderne e diffuse applicazioni wireless attuali sono dedicate a sistemi distribuiti in grandi quantità ed il più possibile miniaturizzati.
In questa tesi si discute di tecniche di miniaturizzazione delle antenne di questi sistemi.
Tradizionalmente tali tecniche si sono basate su substrati ad elevata costante dielettrica che hanno però, come contropartita, un deterioramento delle prestazioni radianti.
Un'alternativa molto promettente è offerta da substrati
magneto-dielettrici che, pur garantendo analoghe riduzioni degli ingombri, possono offrire migliori opportunità per il comportamento radiante e per l'adattamento dell'antenna al resto del sistema.
In questa tesi, partendo dallo stato dell'arte della letteratura scientifica, si è sviluppato un modello che consente di valutare a priori i vantaggi/svantaggi di diverse topologie d'antenne basate su substrati magneto-dielettrici. Il metodo si basa sul teorema di equivalenza.
Infine la tesi affronta il problema di sviluppare un metodo per la caratterizzazione dei parametri costitutivi di tali
materiali.
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Gara, Mattia. "Nuova strategia di sintesi metal-free di substrati arilamminici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16669/.
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Arylamines are a class of compounds whose importance in chemical and pharmaceutical fields has been consolidated over time. With the increasing use of these Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), many synthesis techniques have been created since the 1990s to obtain these products. The most well-known arylamines synthesis techniques to date are all catalyzed metal reactions. Chronologically, the synthesis changed from the use of cross coupling reactions such as Buchwald-Hartwig or Chan-Evans-Lam, to oxidative reactions in the presence of noble metals. The aim of this project was to outline a new synthetic strategy to obtain arylamine substrates, thus avoiding the use of catalysts made by noble metals. The reaction was discovered accidentally following an experimental evidence, since a by-product different was obtained. The main purpose of the thesis was to optimize the following reaction to obtain a high yield and in the meantime try to understand how the particular structure of substrate could be fundamental to allow the aromatization of the molecule.
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Rossetti, Luigi <1978>. "Studio del comportamento meccanico di smalti porcellanati per substrati metallici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/956/1/Tesi_Rossetti_Luigi.pdf.
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Composite porcelain enamels are inorganic coatings for metallic components based on a
special ceramic-vitreous matrix in which specific additives are randomly dispersed. The
ceramic-vitreous matrix is made by a mixture of various raw materials and elements and in
particular it is based on boron-silicate glass added with metal oxides(1) of titanium, zinc, tin,
zirconia, alumina, ecc. These additions are often used to improve and enhance some important
performances such as corrosion(2) and wear resistance, mechanical strength, fracture
toughness and also aesthetic functions. The coating process, called enamelling, depends on
the nature of the surface, but also on the kind of the used porcelain enamel. For metal sheets
coatings two industrial processes are actually used: one based on a wet porcelain enamel and
another based on a dry-silicone porcelain enamel. During the firing process, that is performed
at about 870°C in the case of a steel substrate, the enamel raw material melts and interacts
with the metal substrate so enabling the formation of a continuous varying structure. The
interface domain between the substrate and the external layer is made of a complex material
system where the ceramic vitreous and the metal constituents are mixed. In particular four
main regions can be identified, (i) the pure metal region, (ii) the region where the metal
constituents are dominant compared with the ceramic vitreous components, (iii) the region
where the ceramic vitreous constituents are dominant compared with the metal ones, and the
fourth region (iv) composed by the pure ceramic vitreous material. It has also to be noticed
the presence of metallic dendrites that hinder the substrate and the external layer passing
through the interphase region. Each region of the final composite structure plays a specific
role: the metal substrate has mainly the structural function, the interphase region and the
embedded dendrites guarantee the adhesion of the external vitreous layer to the substrate and
the external vitreous layer is characterized by an high tribological, corrosion and thermal
shock resistance. Such material, due to its internal composition, functionalization and
architecture can be considered as a functionally graded composite material. The knowledge of
the mechanical, tribological and chemical behavior of such composites is not well established
and the research is still in progress. In particular the mechanical performances data about the
composite coating are not jet established. In the present work the Residual Stresses, the
Young modulus and the First Crack Failure of the composite porcelain enamel coating are
studied. Due to the differences of the porcelain composite enamel and steel thermal properties
the enamelled steel sheets have residual stresses: compressive residual stress acts on the
coating and tensile residual stress acts on the steel sheet. The residual stresses estimation has
been performed by measuring the curvature of rectangular one-side coated specimens. The
Young modulus and the First Crack Failure (FCF) of the coating have been estimated by four
point bending tests (3-7) monitored by means of the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique(5,6). In
particular the AE information has been used to identify, during the bending tests, the
displacement domain over which no coating failure occurs (Free Failure Zone, FFZ). In the
FFZ domain, the Young modulus has been estimated according to ASTM D6272-02. The
FCF has been calculated as the ratio between the displacement at the first crack of the coating
and the coating thickness on the cracked side. The mechanical performances of the tested
coated specimens have also been related and discussed to respective microstructure and
surface characteristics by double entry charts.
5
Rossetti, Luigi <1978>. "Studio del comportamento meccanico di smalti porcellanati per substrati metallici." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/956/.
Full textAbstract:
Composite porcelain enamels are inorganic coatings for metallic components based on a
special ceramic-vitreous matrix in which specific additives are randomly dispersed. The
ceramic-vitreous matrix is made by a mixture of various raw materials and elements and in
particular it is based on boron-silicate glass added with metal oxides(1) of titanium, zinc, tin,
zirconia, alumina, ecc. These additions are often used to improve and enhance some important
performances such as corrosion(2) and wear resistance, mechanical strength, fracture
toughness and also aesthetic functions. The coating process, called enamelling, depends on
the nature of the surface, but also on the kind of the used porcelain enamel. For metal sheets
coatings two industrial processes are actually used: one based on a wet porcelain enamel and
another based on a dry-silicone porcelain enamel. During the firing process, that is performed
at about 870°C in the case of a steel substrate, the enamel raw material melts and interacts
with the metal substrate so enabling the formation of a continuous varying structure. The
interface domain between the substrate and the external layer is made of a complex material
system where the ceramic vitreous and the metal constituents are mixed. In particular four
main regions can be identified, (i) the pure metal region, (ii) the region where the metal
constituents are dominant compared with the ceramic vitreous components, (iii) the region
where the ceramic vitreous constituents are dominant compared with the metal ones, and the
fourth region (iv) composed by the pure ceramic vitreous material. It has also to be noticed
the presence of metallic dendrites that hinder the substrate and the external layer passing
through the interphase region. Each region of the final composite structure plays a specific
role: the metal substrate has mainly the structural function, the interphase region and the
embedded dendrites guarantee the adhesion of the external vitreous layer to the substrate and
the external vitreous layer is characterized by an high tribological, corrosion and thermal
shock resistance. Such material, due to its internal composition, functionalization and
architecture can be considered as a functionally graded composite material. The knowledge of
the mechanical, tribological and chemical behavior of such composites is not well established
and the research is still in progress. In particular the mechanical performances data about the
composite coating are not jet established. In the present work the Residual Stresses, the
Young modulus and the First Crack Failure of the composite porcelain enamel coating are
studied. Due to the differences of the porcelain composite enamel and steel thermal properties
the enamelled steel sheets have residual stresses: compressive residual stress acts on the
coating and tensile residual stress acts on the steel sheet. The residual stresses estimation has
been performed by measuring the curvature of rectangular one-side coated specimens. The
Young modulus and the First Crack Failure (FCF) of the coating have been estimated by four
point bending tests (3-7) monitored by means of the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique(5,6). In
particular the AE information has been used to identify, during the bending tests, the
displacement domain over which no coating failure occurs (Free Failure Zone, FFZ). In the
FFZ domain, the Young modulus has been estimated according to ASTM D6272-02. The
FCF has been calculated as the ratio between the displacement at the first crack of the coating
and the coating thickness on the cracked side. The mechanical performances of the tested
coated specimens have also been related and discussed to respective microstructure and
surface characteristics by double entry charts.
6
Veronesi, Martina. "Valutazione della capacità consolidante di diversi consolidanti inorganici su substrati calcarei." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
Una larga parte del nostro patrimonio culturale è realizzata in pietra calcarea. Questo materiale ha subito e continua a subire un degrado materico che sta portando ad un'inesorabile perdita di questo patrimonio. La conservazione dei manufatti di valore storico e artistico è tra i principali obiettivi all’interno della disciplina della scienza dei materiali per il restauro. I prodotti consolidanti attualmente in commercio non sono del tutto soddisfacenti per il trattamento delle pietre calcaree. Per ovviare a questo problema negli ultimi anni è stato messo a punto un trattamento a base di fosfato di ammonio che mira alla formazione di fasi calcio-fosfatiche, la più desiderabile delle quali è l'idrossiapatite, materiale di cui sono costituiti i denti e le ossa. L'obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di testare l'efficacia consolidante di questo trattamento su campioni di carbonato di calcio, creati in laboratorio a partire dalla polvere di calcare, non dotati di una propria coesione interna. Sono stati testati due tipi di trattamento a base di fosfato di ammonio con una stessa concetrazione di precursore fosfatico e con l'aggiunta o meno di ioni calcio. Attarverso un approccio multianalitico si è cercato di individuare la corrispondenza tra l'azione consolidante e le fasi mineralogiche di nuova formazione, combinando insieme parametri meccanici, dati morfologici, mineralogici e spettroscopici. I risultati sono stati confrontati con quelli ottenuti su analoghi campioni trattati con ossalato di ammonio, uno dei principali prodotti consolidanti in commercio per il trattamento della pietra calcarea.
I risultati dello studio mostrano che il trattamento in questione risulta efficace anche nel consolidamento di substrati non dotati di coesione, portando alla formazione di nuove fasi calcio-fosfatiche. Questo tipo di trattamento permette di ottenere risultati migliori rispetto a quelli ottenuti nelle stesse condizioni con il trattamento a base di ossalato di ammonio.
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Sanna, Maria Giuseppina. "Recenti sviluppi fluorurazione catalitica enantioselettiva : Applicazione a nuove classi di substrati /." Zürich, 2003. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15191.
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Mattiazzo, Francesca <1987>. "Rimozione di gomme da masticare da substrati lapidei tramite plasma atmosferico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2816.
Full textAbstract:
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è quello di indagare un metodo alternativo di pulitura delle gomme da masticare da substrati lapidei da esterno. In particolare si è testata la pulitura tramite plasma atmosferico di due tipi diversi di gomme da masticare in due substrati diversi: la trachite rossa e la trachite grigia invecchiata, tipica della pavimentazione di Venezia. I parametri considerati sono per la torcia: distanza di lavoro, flusso, tempo di trattamento, modalità di trattamento; per la gomma da masticare: tipo di gomma, tempo di masticazione (3 tempi), tempi di invecchiamento (3 invecchiamenti naturali, 1 invecchiamento artificiale). Infine la valutazione del grado di pulitura nonché dei possibili effetti collaterali di questo metodo sui substrati, sono state fatte sulla base delle seguenti analisi svolte prima e dopo i vari trattamenti: analisi IR, colorimetria, angolo di contatto, micro-water drop absorptin, foto al microscopio ottico, foto uv.
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Falzetti, Francesco. "Influenza di nanoparticelle di magnetite sull’elettrosintesi microbica di substrati organici da CO2." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Dopo una premessa preliminare sulla bioraffineria, si passa alla descrizione in dettaglio della carboxylate platform e dei suoi possibili sviluppi, fra cui vi è quello dello studio di sistemi bioelettrochimici, nello specifico elettrosintetici catodici. A questo punto si passa per una breve descrizione del metabolismo di un fango da digestione anaerobica, prima di arrivare all'obiettivo della tesi. L'obiettivo è udi fare una valutazione dell'influenza di nanoparticelle di magnetite sull'attività di alcuni sistemi bioelettrosintetici microbici (inoculati con fango da digestione anaerobica): un sistema batch a celle e uno con configurazione reattoristica in continuo, passando per un sistema di controllo di verifica abiotico. L'attenzione è focalizzata sulla cinetica e sulla produttività di questi sistemi in termini di prodotti di sintesi utili (VFA e metano), a partire da anidride carbonica come unica fonte di carbonio e un potenziale esterno, fra i comparti catodico e anodico, imposto e fisso come fonte di potere riducente per l'inoculo biotico catodico
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Fontanili, Luca. "Studio dell'interazione tra un plasma jet nanopulsato con substrati metallici, dielettrici e liquidi." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9311/.
Full textAbstract:
Il plasma è denominato quarto stato della materia ed è generalmente definito come un gas ionizzato costituito da elettroni e ioni. In ambito industriale i plasmi hanno trovato impiego per diversi tipi di applicazione quali il trattamento di superfici, la degradazione e lo smaltimento di rifiuti, il taglio di materiali, primi fra tutti i metalli.
In particolare i plasmi atmosferici di non equilibrio, che possiedono la caratteristica di mantenere una temperatura macroscopica paragonabile a quella ambiente, sono studiati anche per applicazioni in campo biomedicale, oltre che in quello industriale. Da alcuni anni sono quindi oggetto di indagine per le caratteristiche di sterilizzazione di fluidi o solidi, per la coagulazione e il trattamento di lesioni e lacerazioni, per trattamenti su superfici quali la pelle, per il trattamento di cellule tumorali e staminali o per interfacce dispositivi biomedicali – corpo umano. Questo nuovo settore di ricerca, in grande sviluppo, viene comunemente definito Plasma & Medicine.
Poiché in ambito biomedicale, un trattamento plasma può interessare diverse tipologie di substrati biologici e materiali, è stato scelto come obiettivo della tesi la caratterizzazione di una sorgente di plasma di non equilibrio a pressione atmosferica, denominata Plasma Jet, posta ad interagire con substrati di diversa natura (metallico, dielettrico, liquido).
La sorgente utilizzata è in grado di produrre un plasma freddo e biocompatibile, generando diverse specie chimiche che garantiscono effetti molto interessanti (sterilizzazione, accelerazione della coagulazione sanguigna, cura di infezioni) per un utilizzo a contatto con il corpo umano o con componenti ingegneristiche che devono venire ad interagire con esso, quali stent, cateteri, bisturi.
La caratterizzazione è stata effettuata mediante l’ausilio di due tecniche diagnostiche: la Schlieren Imaging, che permette di studiare la fluidodinamica del gas, OES (Optical Emission Spettroscopy), che permette di analizzare la composizione chimica della piuma di plasma e di determinare le specie chimiche che si producono.
Questo elaborato si propone quindi di fornire una breve introduzione sul mondo dei plasmi e sulle loro caratteristiche, citando alcuni dei settori in cui viene utilizzato, industriali e biomedicali, con particolare attenzione per questi ultimi. Successivamente saranno riportati i setup utilizzati per le acquisizioni e una discussione sui risultati ottenuti dalle diverse tecniche diagnostiche utilizzate sul Jet durante i trattamenti. In ultimo sono poi riportate le conclusioni in modo da presentare le caratteristiche più importanti del comportamento della sorgente.
Books on the topic "Substrati"
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Balanced Nutrition and Therapy (1986 Erlangen, Germany). Dipeptides as new substrates in nutrition therapy =: Peptide als neue Substrate in der Ernährungstherapie. Basel: Karger, 1987.
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4
W, Doelle H., Mitchell David A, and Rolz Carlos, eds. Solid substrate cultivation. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1992.
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7
Giessmann, Andreas. Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58494-1.
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Giessmann, Andreas. Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10130-8.
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Giessmann, Andreas. Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01417-8.
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Tkachenko, Orest Borisovich. Ocherki teorii i͡a︡zykovogo substrata. Kiev: Nauk. dumka, 1989.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Substrati"
1
Morgan, Lynette. "Substrate-based Hydroponic Systems." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 77–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on substrate-based hydroponic systems. The main purpose of the substrate in hydroponic systems is to provide plant support, allowing roots to grow throughout the medium absorbing water and nutrients from the nutrient solution. Topics discussed are properties of hydroponic substrates, open and closed soilless systems, common hydroponic substrates, substrates and water-holding capacity, substrates and oversaturation, matching substrates to crop species, physical properties of soilless substrates, chemical properties of hydroponic substrates, nutrient delivery in substrate systems, irrigation and moisture control in substrates, and microbial populations in substrates.
2
Morgan, Lynette. "Substrate-based Hydroponic Systems." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 77–99. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0077.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on substrate-based hydroponic systems. The main purpose of the substrate in hydroponic systems is to provide plant support, allowing roots to grow throughout the medium absorbing water and nutrients from the nutrient solution. Topics discussed are properties of hydroponic substrates, open and closed soilless systems, common hydroponic substrates, substrates and water-holding capacity, substrates and oversaturation, matching substrates to crop species, physical properties of soilless substrates, chemical properties of hydroponic substrates, nutrient delivery in substrate systems, irrigation and moisture control in substrates, and microbial populations in substrates.
3
Cartledge, Trevor G. "Substrate utilization, non-carbohydrate substrates." In Yeast Biotechnology, 311–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3119-0_10.
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Mao, Youdong. "Structure, Dynamics and Function of the 26S Proteasome." In Subcellular Biochemistry, 1–151. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe 26S proteasome is the most complex ATP-dependent protease machinery, of ~2.5 MDa mass, ubiquitously found in all eukaryotes. It selectively degrades ubiquitin-conjugated proteins and plays fundamentally indispensable roles in regulating almost all major aspects of cellular activities. To serve as the sole terminal “processor” for myriad ubiquitylation pathways, the proteasome evolved exceptional adaptability in dynamically organizing a large network of proteins, including ubiquitin receptors, shuttle factors, deubiquitinases, AAA-ATPase unfoldases, and ubiquitin ligases, to enable substrate selectivity and processing efficiency and to achieve regulation precision of a vast diversity of substrates. The inner working of the 26S proteasome is among the most sophisticated, enigmatic mechanisms of enzyme machinery in eukaryotic cells. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional atomic-level visualization of the 26S proteasome dynamics during polyubiquitylated substrate degradation elucidated an extensively detailed picture of its functional mechanisms, owing to progressive methodological advances associated with cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Multiple sites of ubiquitin binding in the proteasome revealed a canonical mode of ubiquitin-dependent substrate engagement. The proteasome conformation in the act of substrate deubiquitylation provided insights into how the deubiquitylating activity of RPN11 is enhanced in the holoenzyme and is coupled to substrate translocation. Intriguingly, three principal modes of coordinated ATP hydrolysis in the heterohexameric AAA-ATPase motor were discovered to regulate intermediate functional steps of the proteasome, including ubiquitin-substrate engagement, deubiquitylation, initiation of substrate translocation and processive substrate degradation. The atomic dissection of the innermost working of the 26S proteasome opens up a new era in our understanding of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and has far-reaching implications in health and disease.
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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Bella Grigorenko, Sofya Lushchekina, Patrick Masson, Galina Mahaeva, and Alexander Nemuchin. "Human cholinesterases." In ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS, 69–126. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/21_069-126.
Full textAbstract:
The work is devoted to modeling the elementary stages of the hydrolysis reaction in the active site of enzymes belonging to the class of cholinesterases — acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The study allowed to describe at the molecular level the effect of the polymorphic modification of BChE, causing serious physiolog ical consequences. Cholinesterase plays a crucial role in the human body. AChE is one of the key enzymes of the central nervous system, and BChE performs protective functions in the body. According to the results of calculations using the combined method of quantum and molecular mechanics (KM/MM), the mechanism of the hydrolysis of the native acetylcholine substrate in the AChE active center was detailed. For a series of ester substrates, a method for estimation of dependence of the enzyme reactivity on the structure of the substrate has been developed. The mechanism of hydrolysis of the muscle relaxant of succininylcholine BChE and the effect of the Asp70Gly polymorph on it were studied. Using various computer simulation methods, the stability of the enzyme-substrate complex of two enzyme variants with succinylcholine was studied.
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Varfolomeev, Sergey, Bella Grigorenko, Sofya Lushchekina, and Alexander Nemuchin. "Human cholinesterases." In Organophosphorous Neurotoxins, 63–120. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/chapter_5e4132b5f22366.15634219.
Full textAbstract:
The work is devoted to modeling the elementary stages of the hydrolysis reaction in the active site of enzymes belonging to the class of cholinesterases — acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The study allowed to describe at the molecular level the effect of the polymorphic modification of BChE, causing serious physiolog ical consequences. Cholinesterase plays a crucial role in the human body. AChE is one of the key enzymes of the central nervous system, and BChE performs protective functions in the body. According to the results of calculations using the combined method of quantum and molecular mechanics (KM/MM), the mechanism of the hydrolysis of the native acetylcholine substrate in the AChE active center was detailed. For a series of ester substrates, a method for estimation of dependence of the enzyme reactivity on the structure of the substrate has been developed. The mechanism of hydrolysis of the muscle relaxant of succininylcholine BChE and the effect of the Asp70Gly polymorph on it were studied. Using various computer simulation methods, the stability of the enzyme-substrate complex of two enzyme variants with succinylcholine was studied.
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Giessmann, Andreas. "Die Beschichtungsindustrie." In Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung, 1–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01417-8_1.
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Giessmann, Andreas. "Anforderungen an einen Beschichtungsbetrieb." In Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung, 13–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01417-8_2.
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Giessmann, Andreas. "Grundelemente von Beschichtungsanlagen." In Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung, 25–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01417-8_3.
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Giessmann, Andreas. "Produktionsverfahren." In Substrat- und Textilbeschichtung, 83–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01417-8_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Substrati"
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Mahani, Mohammad S., Asanee Suntives, and Ramesh Abhari. "Hybrid substrate integrated waveguides developed using flexible substrates." In 2009 IEEE 18th Conference on Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging and Systems (EPEPS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epeps.2009.5338460.
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Gulati, Suresh T. "Substrate/Washcoat Interaction in Thin Wall Ceramic Substrates." In Symposium on International Automotive Technology (SIAT99). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/990013.
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Zhang, D., P. H. Shipway, and D. G. McCartney. "Particle-Substrate Interactions in Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p0045.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aluminium powder of 99.7wt% purity and in the nominal particle size range –75+15µm has been sprayed onto a range of substrates by cold gas dynamic spraying (cold spraying). The substrates examined include metals with a range of hardness, polymers and ceramics. The substrate surfaces had very low roughness before deposition of aluminium in an attempt to separate effects of mechanical bonding from other forms of bonding. The cross-sectional area of a single track of aluminium sprayed onto the substrate was taken as a measure of the ease of initiation of deposition, assuming that once a coating had begun to deposit onto a substrate, its growth would occur at a constant rate regardless of substrate type. It has been shown that initiation of deposition depends critically upon substrate type. For metals where initiation was not easy, then small aluminium particles were seen to be deposited preferentially to large ones (due to their higher impact velocities); these may have acted as an interlayer to promote further building of the coating. A number of phenomena have been observed following spraying onto various substrates, such as substrate melting, substrate and particle deformation and evidence for the formation of a metal-jet (akin to that seen in explosive welding). Such phenomena have been related to the processes occurring during impact of the particles on the substrate. Generally, initiation of aluminium deposition was seen to be poor for non-metallic materials (where no metallic bonding between the particle and substrate was possible) and for very soft metals (in the case of tin, melting of the substrate was observed). Metallic substrates harder than the aluminium particles generally promoted deposition, although deposition onto aluminium alloy was difficult due to the presence of a tenacious oxide layer. Initiation was seen to be rapid on hard metallic substrates, even when deformation of the substrate was not visible.
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Vishwakarma, Vivek, and Ankur Jain. "Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of a Flexible Substrate." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39236.
Full textAbstract:
A number of past papers have described experimental techniques for measurement of thermal conductivity of substrates and thin films of technological interest. Nearly all substrates measured in the past are rigid. There is a lack of papers that report measurements on a flexible substrate such as thin plastic. The paper presents an experimental methodology to deposit a thin film microheater device on a plastic substrate. This device, comprising a microheater line and a temperature sensor line is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the plastic substrate using the transient thermal response of the plastic substrate to a heating current. An analytical model describing this thermal response is presented. Thermal conductivity of the plastic substrate is determined by comparison of experimental data with the analytical model. Results described in this paper may aid in development of an understanding of thermal transport in flexible substrates.
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Li, De-Jun, Murat U. Guruz, and Yip-Wah Chung. "Ultrathin CNx Overcoats for 1 Tb/in2 Hard Disk Drive Systems." In STLE/ASME 2001 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib-nano2001-108.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carbon nitride films were grown on silicon and hard disk substrates using pulsed dc magnetron sputtering in a single cathode deposition system. Substrates were mounted on a specially designed rotating holder that allowed 45° tilt angle and substrate rotation about the surface normal up to 20 rpm. AFM scans over 10×10 μm2 showed that 50 nm thick CNx films prepared under optimum substrate bias conditions have r.m.s. surface roughness almost four times lower than those prepared without substrate tilt and rotation. We observed a two-fold reduction in corrosion damage for hard disk substrates with 1 nm CNx overcoats deposited with substrate tilt and rotation. This improved performance is likely a result of more efficient and uniform momentum transfer parallel to the surface during deposition in this configuration.
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Sarvestani, Alireza. "Kinetics of Membrane Spreading on Compliant Bio-Adhesive Substrates." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13321.
Full textAbstract:
The contact formation between cell membrane and a bio-adhesive substrate is driven by binding between transmembrane mobile receptors (e.g., integrin) and complementary ligand molecules on the substrate (fibronectin, collagen, etc.) This short range specific adhesion is alleviated by a phalanx of interfacial non-specific forces. In addition to cell-substrate interfacial interactions, cell adhesion can be mediated by a wide range of substrate physiochemical properties. In particular, mechanical stiffness of the substrate has been recognized as one of the major regulators for bio-adhesion. Cells in general, exhibit an apparent adhesion preference for stiffer substrates and switch from a round to spread morphology as the substrate stiffness increases. Understanding the mechano-chemical pathways mediating the interplay between the substrate properties and cell behavior could be critical for effective performance of synthetic biomaterials in tissue engineering applications. In this study, we consider the effect of substrate elasticity on the dynamics of membrane spreading and growth of focal adhesion zone. The formation and growth of the focal adhesion points during the early stage of adhesion process is a result of spontaneous spreading of membrane on the substrate. This can be considered as a non-equilibrium kinetic process which is controlled by the diffusibility of receptor molecules. In order to study the effect of substrate elasticity on the kinetics of membrane-substrate association, receptors are assumed as ideal solute particles laterally diffusing within the plane of the membrane until they are stabilized through association with their complementary ligands which are immobilized on the surface of a compliant substrate. Considering different mechanical stiffness for the substrates, the displacement and speed of spreading at the edge of adhesion zone are predicted as a function of time. Results show that decreasing the stiffness of bio-adhesive substrates reduces the rate of membrane spreading, due to a weaker thermodynamic force which drives the membrane-substrate association. This mechanism restrains the growth of focal adhesion zones on compliant substrates and can be considered as a reason for smaller spread area of the cells after stabilization of adhesion.
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Raouf, Nasrat A., Ghanim A. Al-Jumaily, and Daniel R. Coulter. "Effects of Ion Beam Deposition on the Optical Scattering of Metal Coatings." In Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.tue3.
Full textAbstract:
Reduction of optical scattering is becoming a concern in the space and astronomical applications. Substrate surface roughness, substrate bulk material and the film coating microroughness contribute to the scattering. In the case of metallic coated substrates: only the substrate surface roughness and the coating roughness will contribute to the increase of optical scattering. In this paper we examine the effects of ion beam processes on the optical scattering and surface microroughness of super polished substrates coated with metallic Platinum.
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Avile´s, F., L. Llanes, A. I. Oliva, J. E. Corona, M. Aguilar-Vega, and M. I. Lori´a-Bastarrachea. "Elasto-Plastic Properties of Thin Gold Films Over Polymeric Substrates." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66319.
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Metallic thin films have been extensively used as coatings, interconnections, sensors and as part of micro and nano-electromechanical devices (MEMS and NEMS). The conventional substrates utilized to deposit those films are normally rigid, such as silicon. However, for applications where the substrate is subjected to significant mechanical strain (e.g. automotive coatings, electronic textiles, bioengineering, etc.) the film-substrate system needs to be flexible and conformable. Compliant polymeric substrates are ideal candidates for such a task. Some interesting mechanical properties not achieved with conventional rigid substrates can be transmitted to the film by the use of polymeric substrates. In this work, mechanical properties of 50 to 300 nm gold films deposited by thermal deposition over two thermoplastic substrates are investigated. A commercial thermoplastic, Polysulfone (“PSF”), and a home-synthesized isophthalic polyester based on the reaction of 4, 4′-(1-hydroxyphenylidene) phenol and isophthaloyl dichloride (“BAP”) [1] were used as raw materials for substrate production. Substrates were selected based on their good mechanical properties and flexibility. The use of two different substrates allows us to investigate the influence of the substrate mechanical properties in the bimaterial response. Substrates of 80 μm thickness were prepared by solution casting and cut to rectangular shapes of nominal dimensions of 30 mm × 5 mm. High purity (99.999%) commercial gold splatters were used for film deposition. Gold films with thickness of 50, 100, 200, and 300 nm were deposited onto PSF substrates by thermal evaporation inside a vacuum chamber at 3×10−5 Torr. Au films with 100 nm thickness were also deposited over BAP substrates. Four replicates of each type were deposited (at the same time) and used for tensile testing. Tensile testing of Au/PSF (film thickness 50–300 nm) and Au/BAP (film thickness 100 nm) specimens was conducted. Tests of the neat PSF and BAP substrates (6 replicates) were also conducted as a baseline. Tensile testing was conducted in a small universal testing machine with a load cell of 200 N and a cross head speed of 0.05 mm/min. The film mechanical properties were extracted from the tensile response of the film/substrate system, considered as a bimaterial. Based on sum of forces and strain compatibility, the film modulus (Ef) and stress (σf) can be extracted from characteristics of the bimaterial (EBim, σBim) and substrate (Es, σs), to generate a stress-strain curve for the film, see e.g. [2], Ef=1Af[ABimEBim−AsEs]=1+tstfEBim−tstfEs(1a)σf=1Af[P−Ps]=1+tstfσBim−tstfσs(1b) where P is the applied load, A = wt is the cross sectional area and sub-index “Bim” corresponds to the film-substrate bimaterial (ABim = w(ts+tf)). Figure 1 shows film stress (σ)-strain (ε) representative curves for Au films with different thicknesses extracted from the Au/PSF bimaterials. The film behavior presents only a small region of plasticity close to the ultimate strain. Thus, the numerical value of the maximum stress (strength) is close to its yield strength. The large plasticity of the substrate may hinder the plasticity of gold when acting as a bimaterial. As observed from this figure, the film modulus, strength and ultimate strain increase as the film thickness decreases, evidencing a “thickness-effect” not observed in bulk materials. Slightly different properties were obtained for the Au films deposited over the BAP substrate, which evidences some substrate-dependency of the film properties.
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Neufuss, W., Trompetter Dyshlovenko, A. Markwitz, M. Hyland, D. McGrouther, and P. Munroe. "The Effect of the Substrate Hardness on Particle Morphology in High Velocity Thermal Spray Coatings." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0667.
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Abstract In this study, Ni-chrome alloy particles were thermally sprayed onto a variety of substrate materials using the high velocity air fuel (HVAF) technique. Although the various substrate materials were sprayed using identical powder material and thermal spray conditions, the type and variation of splat morphologies was strongly dependent on the substrate material. Predominantly solid particles are observed penetrating deeply into softer substrates, such as aluminium, whereas molten splats were observed in harder substrates, which resisted particle penetration. While the observed correlation between molten splats and substrate hardness could be due a dependency of deposition efficiencies of solid particles and molten splats on the substrate material, it was found that conversion of particle kinetic energy into plastic deformation and heat, dependent on substrate hardness, can make a significant contribution towards explaining the observed behaviour.
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Sarvestani, Alireza. "A Theoretical Analysis for the Effect of Substrate Elasticity on Cellular Adhesion." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13311.
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Cell behavior is mediated by variety of physiochemical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM). Material composition, surface chemistry, roughness, and distribution pattern of cell adhesive proteins are among the ECM properties which are known to modulate various cellular physiological functions. Mechanical stiffness of ECM in particular is found to be a major regulator for multiple aspects of cellular function. Experiments show that cells in general, exhibit an apparent adhesion preference for stiffer substrates with a larger projected spread area with increasing the substrate stiffness. In addition, it seems that the effect of substrates elasticity is strongly coupled with adhesivity of the substrate; on relatively stiff substrates the spread area of the cells exhibits strong biphasic dependence to the changes in ligand density, whereas on soft substrates their limited spreading is much less sensitive to the density of surface ligands. This study aims to propose a theoretical basis for the interplay between substrate elasticity and cellular adhesion, using an equilibrium thermodynamic model. Within this framework, the equilibrium contact area is assumed to ensure minimization of the free energy contributed by interfacial adhesive and repulsive interactions between the membrane and substrate as well as the deformation of cell and substrate. Hence, this thermodynamic model overlooks the contribution of intracellular signaling or actively regulated cytoskeleton and assumes that cell adhesion is solely a result of the balance between the membrane-substrate repulsive potentials, stored elastic energy, binding enthalpy, and mixing entropy of mobile receptors. The predictions of this purely mechanistic model for cell adhesion qualitatively follow the experimental results featuring the variation of cell spread area on compliant bio-adhesive substrates. This suggests that the mechanistic pathways inherent to membrane-substrate interactions may be equally important as intracellular signaling pathways to mediate the cellular adhesion.
Reports on the topic "Substrati"
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Lavrova, Olga, and Ganesh Balakrishnan. Isolating GaSb membranes grown metamorphically on GaAs substrates using highly selective substrate removal etch processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1344781.
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Tong, W. M., J. S. Taylor, S. D. Hector, and M. Shell. Report on EUVL Mask Substrate Development: Low-Expansion Substrate Finishing II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/793704.
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Sylte, Traci, and Craig Fischenich. Techniques for Measuring Substrate Embeddedness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434902.
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Wiles, R., C. Ayers, and A. Wereszczak. Direct-Cooled Power Electronics Substrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947391.
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CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES. Cortical Substrate of Haptic Representation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269583.
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CBL CORP REDWOOD CITY CA. Engineered GaN Substrates. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada324733.
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Tong, W. EUVL mask substrate specifications (wafer-type). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/13758.
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Benter, Brian D. Substrate Availability in Solid Waste Landfills. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361758.
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Hung, Cheng-Hung. Manufacturing Process for OLED Integrated Substrate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1349251.
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Wieder, H. H. Synthesis of Mismatched Heterojunction/Substrate Interfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada241845.
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