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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Substructure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Stagnitto, Giovanni. "Substructure at colliders." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7094.

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Dans cette thèse de doctorat, nous étudions plusieurs aspects des fonctions de distribution de partons (PDF) et des jets applicables à la physique qui sous-tend le Grand collisionneur de hadrons (LHC) ainsi que les futurs collisionneurs. Nous discutons d'abord des jets observables au LHC, en nous concentrant sur la section transversale inclusive d'un seul jet. Nous introduisons d'autres définitions possibles, qui pèsent les contributions individuelles de chaque jet dans l'événement et sont donc unitaires par construction. Nous clarifions également l'origine de certains aspects problématiques d

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2

STAGNITTO, GIOVANNI. "SUBSTRUCTURE AT COLLIDERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/764032.

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In this PhD thesis we investigate several aspects of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and jets as applicable to the physics underpinning the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) as well as future colliders. We first discuss jet observables at the LHC, focusing on the single-jet inclusive cross section. We introduce possible alternative definitions, which weigh the individual contributions coming from each jet in the event and are thus unitary by construction. We also clarify the origin of some problematic aspects of the standard definition. Secondly, within the hadronic PDF fitting framework

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3

Phansalkar, Nachiket S. "Seismic Substructure Design Workbook." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1220554481.

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4

Gutierrez, Homero L. (Homero Luis). "Damping formulations in substructure synthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47363.

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5

Hall, Zachary (Zachary H. ). "Photon isolation and jet substructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120219.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2018.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-45).<br>We introduce soft drop isolation, a new photon isolation criterion inspired by jet substructure techniques. Soft drop isolation is collinear-safe and is equivalent to Frixione isolation at leading order in the small R limit. However, soft drop isolation has the interesting feature of being democratic, meaning that photons can be treated equivalently to hadrons for initial jet clustering. Taking advantage of this demo

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6

Powling, Alexander. "Jet substructure : an analytical approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/jet-substructure-an-analytical-approach(e1e67bdc-ddda-41e6-a263-af9c0836f278).html.

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In the past few years, detailed study of the internal structure of hadronic jets has become an active area of research. In particular, jet substructure information has been used to distinguish signal from QCD initiated jets, which constitute a significant background for many physics searches. Prior to the work undertaken in this thesis, theoretical research on jet substructure was largely Monte Carlo based, with limited analytical input. This work presents an analytical approach to the study of jet substructure techniques in the context of high-p_T heavy resonance searches at the LHC.In this t

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7

Roldán, Carlos Antonio Calcáneo. "The evolution of dark matter substructure." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4232/.

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This thesis investigates the dynamical evolution of systems orbiting within deeper potentials. Initially we use a simple satellite-halo interaction to study the dynamical processes that act on orbiting systems and we compare these results to analytical theory. Deep images of the Centaurus cluster reveal a spectacular arc of diffuse light that stretches for over 100 kpc and yet is just a few kpc wide. We use numerical simulations to show that this feature can be produced by the tidal debris of a spiral galaxy that has been disrupted by the potential of one of the central cD galaxies of the clus

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8

Pastor, Mira Emilio [Verfasser]. "Weak Lensing & Substructure / Emilio Pastor Mira." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1016217234/34.

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9

Redhead, Nicola J. "Autoimmune sera as probes for nuclear substructure." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27243.

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Systemic rheumatic diseases have been shown to produce antinuclear antibodies in many previous studies. This property has proved useful both for diagnostic purposes and for the identification and characterisation of novel nuclear antigens. In a blind study, a panel of 24 sera from patients with a wide range of systemic rheumatic disease was assayed for autoantibodies specific for the nucleus by whole cell immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Some well characterised clinical conditions were identified by the specific immunofluorescence staining patterns observed, and by the molecular weight

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10

Gill, Stuart P. D., and na. "The evolution of a dark halo substructure." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20061009.115152.

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In this dissertation we analyse the dark matter substructure dynamics within a series of high-resolution cosmological galaxy clusters simulations generated with the N-body code MLAPM. Two new halo finding algorithms were designed to aid in this analysis. The first of these was the 'MLAPM-halo-nder' (MHF), built upon the adaptive grid structure of MLAPM. The second was the 'MLAPM-halo-tracker' (MHT), an extension of MHF which allowed the tracking of orbital characteristics of gravitationally bound objects through any given cosmological N-body-simulation. Using these codes we followed the time e

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11

Gill, Stuart P. D. "The evolution of a dark halo substructure." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20061009.115152/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D) - Swinburne University of Technology, [Faculty of Information & Communication Technologies], 2005.<br>A dissertation presented in total fulfillment of the requirements of for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, [Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies], Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. Typescript. Bibliography p. 145-154.

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12

Butler, George C. "Incorporating dislocation substructure into crystal plasticity theory." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34072.

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Polycrystal models, beginning with the work of Sachs (1928) and Taylor (1938), have been used to predict very complex material behavior. The basis of these models is single crystal plasticity theory, which is then extended to model an actual (polycrystalline) material composed of a large number of single crystals or grains. Crystal plasticity models are formulated at the scale of the individual grain, which is viewed as a fundamental material element. To first order this is a reasonable approximation, and results in qualitatively good predictions. However, it is also well known that the grain

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13

Lowing, Benjamin Joseph. "Interactions between dark matter substructure and galaxies." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3358/.

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In this thesis we study how subhaloes evolve and interact in the central regions of galactic dark matter haloes in a ΛCDM universe. We examine the effect that subhalo impacts have on disc galaxies and what visible signatures they leave behind. We use the Aquarius simulations, a set of high resolution simulations of Milky Way mass haloes, as the basis of the work in this thesis. We summarise the main properties of these haloes and show that they are typical haloes for most characteristics. We develop a method to approximate the potential of host haloes that helps us understand how subhaloes evo

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14

Tripathee, Aashish. "Jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111882.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-60).<br>In this thesis, we use the CMS Open Data to study the 2-prong substructure of jets. We use CMS's particle flow reconstruction algorithm to obtain jet constituents, which we then use to perform various jet substructure studies. After validating our basic kinematics and substructure results through a comparison to results from parton shower generators, we extract the 2-prong substructure of the leading jet using the so

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15

McConnachie, Alan Walker. "Satellites and substructure in the local group." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615113.

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16

Tripathee, Aashish. "Jet substructure at the Large Hadron Collider." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111882.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-60).<br>In this thesis, we use the CMS Open Data to study the 2-prong substructure of jets. We use CMS's particle flow reconstruction algorithm to obtain jet constituents, which we then use to perform various jet substructure studies. After validating our basic kinematics and substructure results through a comparison to results from parton shower generators, we extract the 2-prong substructure of the leading jet using the so

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17

Molyneaux, Carrie-Anne. "Antimalarials based on the arylpiperazine privileged substructure." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6342.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-124).<br>Based on a previous study, arylpiperazines (2-chlorophenylpiperazine, 2-ethoxyphenylpiperazine and phenylpiperazine) were found to be significantly more potent against the chloroquine-resistant (K1) strain than against the chloroquine-sensitive(DIO) strain. In other studies, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-0H-DPAT) has been identified as a potential antimalarial agent for the inhibition of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1A receptor in Plasmodium falciparum. A number of arylpiperazines are also known to target this receptor in oth

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18

Thompson, Cheryl L. "STRATIFIED LINKAGE ANALYSIS BASED ON POPULATION SUBSTRUCTURE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1175867246.

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19

Jiang, Fangzhou. "Characterizing the Substructure of Dark Matter Halos." Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10584949.

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<p>Hierarchical structure formation in the standard Λ+cold dark matter (CDM) model produces gravitationally bound clumpy halos with abundant substructure. These subhalos are the remnants of dark matter halos that have been accreted by their host halo over cosmic time, and have survived tidal destruction. Understanding halo substructure is extremely important, as subhalos are believed to host satellite galaxies, boost the dark matter annihilation signal, cause tidal heating of fragile structures such as stellar streams and disks, and are potentially responsible for interesting phenomena

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20

Pokines, Brett J. "A substructure synthesis formulation for vibration isolation." Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-154706/.

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21

Powell, Leila Catherine. "Baryons in hierarchical structure formation : substructure and accretion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532005.

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22

Dooley, Gregory (Gregory Alan). "Probing local group galactic substructure with cosmological simulations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112079.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 315-358).<br>The Lambda cold dark matter (ACDM) model is enormously successful at predicting large scale structure in the Universe. However, some tensions still remain on small scales, specifically regarding observed satellites of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda. Foremost among the problems have been the missing satellite, too big to fail, and cusp/core problems, which concern the expected abundance of satellites and their i

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23

Lovell, Mark Richard. "Halo substructure and the nature of dark matter." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8461/.

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The ΛCDM paradigm has been very successful at predicting the properties of the large scale (> 10Mpc) Universe, but has recently struggled to explain phenomena observed on small scales, such as the central densities, abundances, and orbital configurations of satellite galaxies. This emergence of tension between observations and theory has co- incided with CERN measurements that disfavour the simplest supersymmetric models, which provide some of the most popular cold dark matter candidate particles. One pos- sible solution to some of these problems is that the dark matter may instead be made up

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24

Alexander, Andrew. "The Renaissance Tragic Interior and Its Classical Substructure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479810128616127.

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25

Kirk, H., M. M. Dunham, J. Di Francesco, et al. "ALMA Observations of Starless Core Substructure in Ophiuchus." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624012.

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Compact substructure is expected to arise in a starless core as mass becomes concentrated in the central region likely to form a protostar. Additionally, multiple peaks may form if fragmentation occurs. We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle 2 observations of 60 starless and protostellar cores in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud. We detect eight compact substructures which are >15 '' from the nearest Spitzer young stellar object. Only one of these has strong evidence for being truly starless after considering ancillary data, e.g., from Herschel and X-ray telescopes.

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26

Fregoso, Alessandro Virginio Armando. "Jet substructure at the LHC with analytical methods." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/jet-substructure-at-the-lhc-with-analytical-methods(d694340c-ad95-4ff0-8d2d-d4cc99c0f8be).html.

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Heavy boosted particles are being produced (or are expected, in the case of searches for new physics) in large quantities at the LHC. Unfortunately several search channels are normally not viable because of huge QCD backgrounds and non-perturbative contamination. Since the decay products of such particles tend to get clustered in the same jet however, it is possible to exploit the jet’s substructure to enhance signal significance. Many Monte Carlo studies of many different substructure techniques have been carried out so far, but little or no analytical insight into them is available. This wor

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27

Xu, Dandan. "The Cold Dark Matter Substructure Problem and Gravitational Lensing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508931.

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28

Bonnet, Paul A. "The development of multi-axis real-time substructure testing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:39730635-b112-4775-9956-73d26d964178.

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Real-time substructure is a novel hybrid method for the dynamic testing of structures. During an experiment, the structure of interest is divided into two entities. The crucial parts for the project undertaken are physically replicated and loaded dynamically through powerful actuators while the rest is numerically modelled and solved via real-time software. The dynamics of both substructures must be accurately reproduced, as well as their mutual interaction. The applications are multiple but that of earthquake engineering is primarily considered in this research. Beyond the accurate modelling

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29

Wang, Zhenhong. "Power flow analysis of engineering structure using substructure techniques." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270373.

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30

Leonard, Adrienne. "Substructure in galaxy clusters : a new gravitational lensing approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611651.

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31

Jiang, Wenwei. "Spectral-based Substructure Transfer Path Analysis of Steady-state and Transient Vibrations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1273168454.

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32

Ramos, Pau. "Substructure in the phase-space of the Galaxy with Gaia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670916.

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The Gaia mission and its extensive catalogue of stars has marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Galactic dynamics. We have now access to the kinematics of more than a billion stars with which we can start deciphering the history of our Galaxy. Before Gaia, we knew that the phase-space of the Milky Way (MW) contained a wealth of substructure created by the different dynamical processes and components of the Galaxy, but we did not have enough kinematical data with which to characterise it with precision outside the Solar neighbourhood (SN). I

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33

Borthwick, Verity. "Fundamentals of substructure dynamics : In-situ experiments and numerical simulation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-45811.

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Substructure dynamics incorporate all features occurring on a subgrain-scale. The substructure governs the rheology of a rock, which in turn determines how it will respond to different processes during tectonic changes. This project details an in-depth study of substructural dynamics during post-deformational annealing, using single-crystal halite as an analogue for silicate materials. The study combines three different techniques; in-situ annealing experiments conducted inside the scanning electron microscope and coupled with electron backscatter diffraction, 3D X-ray diffraction coupled with

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34

Penetrante, Wendel D. "Calculating required substructure damping to meet prescribed system damping levels." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FPenetrante.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Joshua Gordis. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available in print.

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35

Rampersaud, Navita. "Role of the nuclear substructure in immediate-early gene induction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400439.

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36

Zell, Sebastian [Verfasser], and Georgi [Akademischer Betreuer] Dvali. "The quantum substructure of gravity / Sebastian Zell ; Betreuer: Georgi Dvali." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191691829/34.

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37

Cain, Benjamin Martin. "Weak lensing flexion as a probe of galaxy cluster substructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68979.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-133).<br>Measuring galaxy cluster total masses and the amount of dark matter substructure within galaxy cluster haloes is a fundamental probe of the ACDM model of structure formation, as well as the interactions between baryonic and non-baryonic matter. In this thesis I approach the topic of cluster mass structure in two ways. With a combination of optical imaging, spectroscopy, and X-ray observations I determine that the cluste

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38

Бересток, Таїсія Олександрівна, Таисия Александровна Бересток, Taisiia Oleksandrivna Berestok, et al. "Influence of deposition time on structure and substructure of ZnO." Thesis, Riga Technical University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/38248.

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The methods of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used for investigation of structural features of ZnO films synthesized by chemical bath deposition from zinc nitrate and ammonia solution. X-ray and Raman studies revealed that the films are single phase and highly oriented along growth texture of [002]. Condensates have a hexagonal structure with lattice constants, of a = 0.32486 nm, c = 0.52087 nm. Coherent scattering domain size and level of microstrain were, respectively, L ~ 26 - 42 nm and ε ~ (0.59 - 3.09) 10-3 and determined by regimes of films ob

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39

Vorster, Daniel Jacobus. "The use of ground penetrating radar for track substructure characterization." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25426.

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been used as a railway substructure investigation tool since the late 1990’s and has seen significant development since then. To use GPR as a more effective tool for substructure investigation, a GPR substructure characterization model was developed. This dissertation provides a detailed description of railway track components, track geometry, soil properties and classification and substructure design. The historical background of GPR is discussed together with GPR principles, basic GPR equations, hardware and accessories as well as GPR data collection, proce

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40

O'Grady, Brendan. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Three Cell Morphing Wing Substructure." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1272483780.

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41

Kawai, Shingo. "DEGRADATION MECHANISMS OF LIGNIN SUBSTRUCTURE MODEL COMPOUNDS BY CORIOLUS VERSICOLOR." Kyoto University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78223.

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42

Gilbert, Karoline M. "The global properties and substructure characteristics of Andromeda's stellar halo /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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43

Duncan, Gregory S. "Milling dynamics prediction and uncertainty analysis using receptance coupling substructure analysis." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015544.

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RADAMPOLA, Senanie Sujeewa, and senanie s. radampola@mainroads qld gov au. "EVALUATION AND MODELLING PERFORMANCE OF CAPPING LAYER IN RAIL TRACK SUBSTRUCTURE." Central Queensland University. Centre for Railway Engineering, 2006. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060817.115415.

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In the design of rail track structures where the subgrade cannot achieve the desired capacity, enabling the required standard of track geometry to be maintained for the speed, axle load and tonnage to be hauled, a capping layer of granular material is placed between the natural ground or the embankment fill material and the ballast to protect the underlying weaker layers. In spite of the important role played by the capping layer, very little research has been carried out on its performance. The current practice of design of the capping layer, therefore, is based on working stress philosophy w

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Liebengood, Kelly D. "Zechariah 9-14 as the substructure of 1 Peter’s eschatological program." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1858.

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The principal aim of this study is to discern what has shaped the author of 1 Peter to regard Christian suffering as a necessary (1.6) and to-be-expected (4.12) component of faithful allegiance to Jesus Christ. Most research regarding suffering in 1 Peter has limited the scope of inquiry to two particular aspects—its cause and nature, and the strategies that the author of 1 Peter employs in order to enable his addressees to respond in faithfulness. There remains, however, the need for a comprehensive explanation for the source that has generated 1 Peter’s theology of Christian suffering. If Je

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46

Bratt, Jonathan D. (Jonathan Daniel). "Explorations of the quark substructure of the nucleon in lattice QCD." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63003.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2009.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-166).<br>Lattice gauge theory is a valuable tool for understanding how properties of the nucleon arise from the fundamental interactions of QCD. Numerical computations on the lattice can be used not only for first principles calculations of experimentally accessible quantities, but also for calculations of quantities that are not (yet) known from experiment. This thesis presents two lattice studies of the quark substructure of n

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47

Davison, A. R. "Exploring electroweak symmetry breaking with jet substructure at the ATLAS experiment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301775/.

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An important unsolved problem in physics is the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking in the Standard Model. The ATLAS experiment aims to gain insight by studying proton-proton collisions at ps = 14 TeV. In order to dierentiate between dierent theoretical models it is important to measure processes where hadrons are produced, such as the hadronic decay of aW, Z or a Higgs boson. However, these decays produce extremely complex signals in the detector which must be analysed carefully. Jet substructure techniques are presented as a novel approach to analysing hadronic signatures relevant to ele

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48

DeJongh, Don Frederic Hitlin David Hitlin David. "Resonant substructure in K [pi] [pi] [pi] decays of D mesons /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1990. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06062007-122309.

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49

Sahlman, Tobias. "Population Genetic Analyses of Natal Dispersal and Substructure in Three Bird Species." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Evolution, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8339.

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<p>Genetic variation within and among populations is a result of past and ongoing processes. Among the most important of such processes are dispersal, habitat fragmentation and selection. This thesis use neutral genetic variation as a tool to investigate these processes in three bird species.</p><p>In the Siberian jay, the timing of dispersal is dependent on social dominance among siblings. Mark-recapture data, radio-tracking and genetic variation was used to investigate whether timing of dispersal had an effect on dispersal distance. The results show that early dispersing individuals also dis

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Datchanamourty, Balasubramanian. "DETAILED MODELING OF MUFFLERS WITH PERFORATED TUBES USING SUBSTRUCTURE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/333.

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Perforated tubes in mufflers are generally modeled by the transfer impedance approach since modeling the actual geometry of the perforated tubes with holes is very expensive due to the enormity of the boundary elements required. With the development of the substructuring technique which greatly reduces the number of elements required detailed modeling of the perforated tubes has become possible. In this thesis mufflers with perforated tubes are analyzed by modeling the actual geometry and locations of holes on the perforated tubes. The Direct-mixed-body boundary element method with substructur

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