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Journal articles on the topic 'Subsurface water'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Ganguly, Sayantan. "Subsurface Storage of Water." Resonance 27, no. 4 (2022): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-022-1349-7.

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2

TSUKAMOTO, Yoshinori. "Forests and subsurface water." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 98, no. 2 (1989): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.98.2_99.

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3

Smith, Kameron B. "Subsurface Tension." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 2 (2020): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.i2.5.

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A recent oil boom in Southern New Mexico has resulted in increased hydraulic fracturing operations in the region and, as a result, a steady and reliable supply of water to fuel such operations is required. As New Mexico regulations make it difficult to acquire a steady supply of water within the state, oil and natural gas producers are turning to unregulated areas in Texas, which permit unlimited pumping of groundwater. However, this groundwater is being pumped from the Pecos Valley aquifer, which is the same source of water that New Mexico is regulating within its borders. This issue is only

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4

Kolars, Kelsey, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, and Thomas F. Scherer. "A Soil Water Balance Model for Subsurface Water Management." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 4 (2019): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13038.

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Abstract. Most cropland in the upper Midwest will experience periods of excess water and drought conditions during a growing season. When the objective is to produce high yields, effective use of a subsurface water management system can help provide optimal soil moisture conditions for growth. A subsurface water management system includes draining excess water from the soil profile through subsurface drainage (SSD), managing the water table through controlled drainage (CD), or adding water to the drainage system during dry conditions (Subirrigation – SI). Subsurface water management can become

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5

Cui, Wenhui, and Ting Fong May Chui. "Subsurface Lateral Heat Flux within the Heterogeneous Surface of a Subtropical Wetland and Its Potential Contribution to Energy Imbalance." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 12 (2017): 3125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0006.1.

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Abstract In the eddy covariance technique, lateral heat fluxes in the atmosphere, surfaces, and subsurfaces are often ignored under the assumption of a homogeneous surface. Among lateral heat fluxes, the surface and subsurface fluxes, which might affect the surface energy balance closure over a heterogeneous surface, are less studied. Many wetlands are heterogeneous, with a mix of vegetated areas and shallow open water. This study examined the subsurface lateral heat fluxes between a reed bed and the adjacent water of a subtropical wetland in Hong Kong, China. An array of temperature and water

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Uslu, Berk, and Sunil K. Sinha. "Subsurface Utility Engineering for Drinking Water and Wastewater Utilities." International Journal of Engineering Research 4, no. 11 (2015): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v4s11/1110.

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7

Ngoc, Nguyen Minh. "Solution of Subsurface dam for water supply." E3S Web of Conferences 508 (2024): 08012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450808012.

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Subsurface dam is a dam system that built in earth’s worb to reserve water and to increase levels of aquifer ground. Region with harsh climate conditions, low rainfall, land is uncultivated, low level of ground water then capacity to provide water is limited. Therefore, subsurface dam is a solution to help to improve the groundwater table, provide water during dry season. At coastal land, beside the advantage of reserve water, the subsurface dam also helps to present infiltration of salt water. This article discusses about subsurface dam, solutions to build the subsurface dam and its applicati

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Cambardella, Cynthia A., Kathleen Delate, and Dan B. Jaynes. "Water Quality in Organic Systems." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 3 (2015): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n3p60.

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<p>Non-point source contamination is a major water quality concern in the upper Midwestern USA, where plant nutrients, especially NO<sub>3</sub>-N, are susceptible to leaching due to extensive subsurface draining of the highly productive, but poorly drained, soils found in this region. Environmental impacts associated with intensive mineral fertilization in conventional production have encouraged producers to investigate organic methods. The USDA-ARS Organic Water Quality (OWQ) experiment, established in 2011, compares organic (C-S-O/A-A) and conventional (C-S) crop rotations

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9

Šanda, M., A. Kulasová, and M. Císlerová. "Hydrological processes in the subsurface investigated by water isotopes and silica." Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (2010): S83—S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/472-swr.

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&nbsp;The hillslope rainfall-outflow interactions, groundwater fluxes, and hydrological balance were examined in the small mountainous headwater catchment Uhlířská, the Jizera Mountains, the Czech Republic. The hillslope soil profile is formed by paleozoic crystalline bedrock overlaid by shallow highly permeable shallow Cambisol, and by thick saturated glacial deposits in the valley, overlaid by Histosol. A quick communication of the vadose zone with the granitic bedrock via preferential subsurface flowpaths is hypothesised, in agreement with the observation of storm-caused instant water t

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Aucour, A. M., T. Bariac, P. Breil, et al. "Nitrogen patterns in subsurface waters of the Yzeron stream: effect of combined sewer overflows and subsurface–surface water mixing." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 12 (2013): 2632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.531.

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Urbanization subjects streams to increased nitrogen loads. Therefore studying nitrogen forms at the interface between urban stream and groundwater is important for water resource management. In this study we report results on water δ18O and nitrogen forms in subsurface waters of a stream (Yzeron, France). The sites studied were located upstream and downstream of combined sewer overflows (CSO) in a rural area and a periurban area, respectively. Water δ18O allowed us to follow the mixing of subsurface water with surface water. Dissolved organic nitrogen and organic carbon of fine sediment increa

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Setiawan, Muhammad Ragil, Bilal Al Farishi, and Lea Kristi Agustin. "Analisis Aliran Air Bawah Permukaan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUAN 2, no. 4 (2019): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jptk.v2i4.6323.

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Cean water is needed in a human community. The need for clean water can be taken from subsurface water through a pumping process. Efforts to get clean water that has sustainability can be done by knowing the direction of the aquifer flow. The direction of the aquifer flow can be known through subsurface modeling. This study uses the geoelectric method in modeling the subsurface layer to determine the position of the aquifer. Based on the subsurface model, the average depth of an aquifer is between 30-100 meters. The subsurface model shows the type of aquifer depressed with a clay layer as the

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12

R., Venkata Ramana. "Subsurface Water Pollution in a Coastal Part of Andhra Pradesh." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 24, no. 4 (2020): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12i4/20201436.

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13

Sidauruk, Paston, E. Ristin Pujiindiyati, and Satrio Satrio. "Subsurface Flow and Surface Water Interactions Quantification in Gunung Kidul Karst Area Using Hydro- Chemical and Stable Isotopes Data Variations." Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi 11, no. 1 (2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jair.2015.11.1.2700.

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Subsurface flow is one of the available water sources in the Karsts area such as in GunungKidul. The study of the pattern of the variations of stable isotopes content as a function oftime and its interaction with other water sources such as rain waters, groundwater, riverwater will be a very good tool to assess the potential of the subsurface flow as a water source.For this purpose, the variations of stable isotopes content of subsurface flow around GunungKidul Karsts area and its interactions with other local water sources have been studied for thelast two years. From the comparison of stable

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14

Aoda, Mahdi Ibrahim Aoda, Alaa Salih Ati Ati, and Shatha Salim AL-Rawi AL-Rawi. "Subsurface Water Retention Technology (SWRT) for Water Saving and Growing Tomato in Iraqi Sandy Soils." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (2018): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10659.

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15

Šanda, Martin, and Milena Císlerová. "Transforming Hydrographs in the Hillslope Subsurface." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 57, no. 4 (2009): 264–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-009-0023-z.

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Transforming Hydrographs in the Hillslope SubsurfaceTo reveal and evaluate the mechanism of transforming rainfall into runoff in the region, where the subsurface flow plays a dominant role in the runoff formation, a continuous hydrological and climatic data monitoring has been set-up in the experimental catchment Uhlířská (the Jizera Mountains, CR). The soil profile (Dystric Cambisol), formed on the weathered granite bedrock, is shallow and highly heterogeneous. Beside a standard catchment data observation a hillslope transect was instrumented to control the flow dynamics in the soil profile.

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Chang, Liang-Cheng, Hone-Jay Chu, and Yi-Wen Chen. "A Fuzzy Inference System for the Conjunctive Use of Surface and Subsurface Water." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/128393.

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This study develops the water resources management model for conjunctive use of surface and subsurface water using a fuzzy inference system (FIS). The study applies the FIS to allocate the demands of surface and subsurface water. Subsequently, water allocations in the surface water system are simulated by using linear programming techniques, and the responses of subsurface water system with respect to pumping are forecasted by using artificial neural networks. The operating rule for the water systems is that the more abundant water system supplies more water. By using the fuzzy rule, the FIS c

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17

KAYANE, Isamu. "Recent Studies on Subsurface Water Hydrology." Journal of Geography (Chigaku Zasshi) 95, no. 7 (1987): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5026/jgeography.95.7_449.

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18

Rajagopalan, K. S., Suneeta Jatwa, and C. Ramesh. "SUBSURFACE ANOMALIES IN GROUND WATER ANALYSIS." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 3, no. 2 (1997): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09715010.1997.10514610.

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19

Schultz, Colin. "Estimating contaminant spreading by subsurface water." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 92, no. 38 (2011): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011eo380008.

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20

Ross, Benjamin, and Steven Amter. "Subsurface transport in water and gas." Engineering Geology 26, no. 4 (1989): 373–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-7952(89)90023-9.

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21

Gao, Yuan. "Particle Tracking Using Dynamic Water-Level Data." Water 12, no. 7 (2020): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072063.

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The movement of fluid particles about historic subsurface releases is often governed by dynamic subsurface water levels. Motivations for tracking the movement of fluid particles include tracking the fate of subsurface contaminants and resolving the fate of water stored in subsurface aquifers. This study provides a novel method for predicting the movement of subsurface particles relying on dynamic water-level data derived from continuously recording pressure transducers. At least three wells are needed to measure water levels which are used to determine the plain of the water table. Based on Da

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22

Dong, Linyao, Congsheng Fu, Jigen Liu, and Yifeng Wang. "Disturbances of Temperature-Depth Profiles by Surface Warming and Groundwater Flow Convection in Kumamoto Plain, Japan." Geofluids 2018 (September 19, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8451276.

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Subsurface temperatures depend on climate and groundwater flow. A lack of observations of subsurface temperature collected over decades limits interpretation of the combined influences of surface warming and groundwater flow on subsurface thermal regimes. Subsurface temperature-depth profile data acquired for Kumamoto Plain, Japan, between 1987 and 2012 were collected and analyzed to elucidate regional groundwater and heat flows. The observed and simulated temperature-depth profiles showed the following: subsurface water flows from northeast to southwest in the study area; the combined influen

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23

Wafi, Abdurrahman, and Muhammad Hamzah Fansuri. "Analisis Struktur Bawah Permukaan Tanah Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik 3D Studi Kasus: Area Kampus Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia, IPSC, Bogor." Jurnal Inovasi Konstruksi 3, no. 1 (2024): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56911/jik.v3i1.88.

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Subsurface conditions are very important as a basis for infrastructure development so that the right actions can be taken. One method to determine subsurface conditions is the geophysical method, namely the geoelectric method. The geoelectric method is a geophysical method that utilizes the resistivity value of the material. The purpose of this study is to obtain a 3D model of subsurface conditions based on their resistivity values. Data collection uses MAE X612-EM geoelectric equipment and processing uses ERTLab software. The area studied is 70m long with 10m wide, the depth obtained is 11.6m

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24

Van Der Molen, W. H. "Subsurface drainage instructions." Journal of Hydrology 103, no. 3-4 (1988): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90146-1.

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25

Maguire, R. James, and Richard J. Tkacz. "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water of the Niagara River, 1985-86." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 2 (1988): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.020.

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Abstract The surface microlayer of the Niagara River at Niagara-on-the-Lake was sampled 34 times in 1985-86, and was shown to contain PCBs, chlorobenzenes and chlorinated hydrocarbons at concentrations generally up to 40 times greater than concentrations 1n subsurface water. Organisms which spend part or all of their lives at the air-water interface are thus likely to be at increased risk relative to subsurface water exposure. A small “spill” of PCBs 1n the river on July 29, 1986 was only detected in the surface micro-layer, and not in subsurface water. On this date, concentrations of PCBs in

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26

Ruus, K., A. Rifa’i, and A. D. Adi. "The Stability of Sidoarjo Mud Volcano Embankment Induced By The Excess Pore Water And Mud Pressure Based On Numerical Simulation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1244, no. 1 (2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1244/1/012027.

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Abstract Sidoarjo mud volcano is a geology phenomenon which is the worst in terms of disaster to the people and environment. This is partly due to the overpressure at depth and as well as the cracks and fracture existence. Furthermore, the overpressurization impacts the increasing of pore water pressure and causing the reduction of effective stress. The complexity of the subsurface’s physical condition causes the instability of the embankment. This paper presents the evaluation of the stability of the embankment under the ideal and the presence of subsurface pressure conditions. The numerical

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27

Mushab, Fatima Sadoon, and Sabah Anwer Almasraf. "Improvement of Economic Water Productivity of Cucumber by using Soil Water Retention Technology under Subsurface Trickle Irrigation System." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 3 (2019): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.3.008.

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Subsurface soil water retention (SWRT) is a recent technology for increasing the crop yield, water use efficiency and then the water productivity with less amount of applied water. The goal of this research was to evaluate the existing of SWRT with the influence of surface and subsurface trickle irrigation on economic water productivity of cucumber crop. Field study was carried out at the Hawr Rajab district of Baghdad governorate from October 1st, to December 31st, 2017. Three experimental treatments were used, treatment plot T1 using SWRT with subsurface trickle irrigation, plot T2 using SWR

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Ameli, Ali A., and Irena F. Creed. "Quantifying hydrologic connectivity of wetlands to surface water systems." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (2017): 1791–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1791-2017.

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Abstract. Hydrologic connectivity among wetlands is poorly characterized and understood. Our inability to quantify this connectivity compromises our understanding of the potential impacts of wetland loss on watershed structure, function and water supplies. We develop a computationally efficient, physically based subsurface–surface hydrologic model to characterize both the subsurface and surface hydrologic connectivity of geographically isolated wetlands and explore the time and length variations in these connections to a river within the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Despite a high

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Orosei, Roberto, Chunyu Ding, Wenzhe Fa, et al. "The Global Search for Liquid Water on Mars from Orbit: Current and Future Perspectives." Life 10, no. 8 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10080120.

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Due to its significance in astrobiology, assessing the amount and state of liquid water present on Mars today has become one of the drivers of its exploration. Subglacial water was identified by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) aboard the European Space Agency spacecraft Mars Express through the analysis of echoes, coming from a depth of about 1.5 km, which were stronger than surface echoes. The cause of this anomalous characteristic is the high relative permittivity of water-bearing materials, resulting in a high reflection coefficient. A determining fac

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Umair, Muhammad, Tabassum Hussain, Hanbing Jiang, et al. "Water-Saving Potential of Subsurface Drip Irrigation For Winter Wheat." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (2019): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102978.

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Groundwater plays a major role in agro-hydrological processes in the North China Plain (NCP). The NCP is facing a water deficit, due to a rapid decline in the water table because of the double cropping system. A two crop (maize and wheat) rotation is required to balance the food supply and demand, which leads to an imbalance between evapotranspiration (ET) and precipitation. Thus, there has been a decline of about 1.35 m yr−1 of groundwater (Luancheng Agroecosystem Experimental Station (LAES), NCP) during the last 10 years. Lysimeter experiments were conducted under different irrigation treatm

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Aziz, Tariq, Steven K. Frey, David R. Lapen, et al. "Economic valuation of subsurface water contributions to watershed ecosystem services using a fully integrated groundwater–surface-water model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 6 (2025): 1549–68. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1549-2025.

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Abstract. Water is essential for all ecosystem services, yet a comprehensive assessment and economic valuation of total (overall) water contributions to ecosystem services' production using a fully integrated groundwater–surface-water model has never been attempted. Quantification of the many ecosystem services impacted by water demands an analytical approach that implicitly characterizes both subsurface and surface water resources. However, incorporating subsurface water into ecosystem services' evaluation is a recognized scientific challenge. In this study, a fully integrated groundwater–sur

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32

Guo, Jin, Lijian Zheng, Juanjuan Ma, Xufeng Li, and Ruixia Chen. "Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Subsurface Irrigation on Crop Yield and Water Productivity." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (2023): 15716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215716.

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Problems such as population growth and climate change have led to a reduction in the use of water for irrigated agriculture, constraining the growth of crops. Subsurface irrigation, as a widely used and efficient water-saving irrigation technology, varies in its effect on increasing yields and saving water under different environmental, management, and other conditions. To investigate the effects of subsurface irrigation on yield, water productivity (WP), and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of three typical crops (wheat, maize, and cotton), this paper conducted a meta-analysis of 528 pairs

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Schulmeister, Marcia K. "Subsurface Hydrology." Ground Water 46, no. 4 (2008): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00447.x.

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34

Meti, Hanamantappa, J. Vishwanath, S. R. Balanagoudar, H. Veeresh, and A. V. Karegoudar. "Feasibility of Drain Discharge Under 50 M Lateral Spacing Controlled Subsurface Drainage in Saline Vertisols of TBP Command Area." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (2023): 1719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92403.

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Surface and subsurface drainage discharge water from irrigated agriculture field is normally varies compared with the quality of the canal water supply as the drain discharge water from different locations or facilities will varied in their quality characteristics. Hence, quality assessment or feasibility studies of drain discharge both in short and long term adoption of both conventional and controlled SSD under different drain spacing is prerequisite for its reuse in crop production and efforts are being made elsewhere for reuse of drainage discharge in crop production. Such, feasibility stu

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35

Tang, Q. S., D. X. Wang, J. B. Li, P. Yan, and J. Li. "Image of a subsurface current core in the southern South China Sea." Ocean Science 9, no. 4 (2013): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-9-631-2013.

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Abstract. A legacy seismic transect acquired on 30 and 31 May 2009 in the southern South China Sea (SCS) was reprocessed to reveal the thermohaline structure of the water column. In the study region, a mesoscale subsurface lens with extraordinary features was detected at 113.5° E, 11.5° N. It is centred at 450 m depth, occupies both the subsurface and intermediate water from 250 to 600 m, and has an intersection diameter of around 60 km. The simulated results from Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reveal an eddy-induced subsurface current running southwestward along the deep basin edge and suggest

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Tang, Q. S., D. X. Wang, J. B. Li, P. Yan, and J. Li. "Image of a subsurface current core in the southern South China Sea." Ocean Science Discussions 9, no. 6 (2012): 3739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-9-3739-2012.

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Abstract. A legacy seismic transect acquired on 30 and 31 May 2009 in the southern South China Sea (SCS) was reprocessed to reveal the thermohaline structure of the water column. In the study region, a mesoscale subsurface lens with extraordinary features was detected at (113.5° E, 11.5° N). It is centered at 45 m depth, occupies both the subsurface and intermediate water from 250 to 600 m, and has a diameter of around 60 km. The simulated results from Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reveal an eddy-induced subsurface current running southwestward along the deep basin edge and suggest that the im

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37

OTSUKA, Machie, Takehiro SHIBUYA, Hidenori KANETA, and Makoto NONOMURA. "Ion Chromatographic Determination of Sulfate Ion in Deep Subsurface Water and Subsurface Brine." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 63, no. 5 (2014): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.63.405.

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Adebisi, Warith Adewale, and Saminu Olatunji. "PARAMETERS FOR ASSESSING THE SUBSURFACE WATER BEARING STRATA." Big Data in Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE) 5, no. 2 (2024): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.02.2024.38.43.

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Assessing the subsurface water-bearing strata is a critical task for ensuring efficient water resources management because the worth of underground water cannot be overemphasized. A clear knowledge of its occurrence and characteristics is imperative for resourceful exploitations of natural resources (groundwater). The features of the rocks hosting the underground water in the subsurface, i.e. Aquifer, were treated. Water-bearing layers are classified into aquifer, aquitard, aquiclude and aquifuge. An aquifer is categorized into unconfined, confined, leaky aquifer, perched aquifer and idealized

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Lee, Junhwa, Jinwoong Choi, Yooseong Shin, and Sung-Han Sim. "Estimation of Water Stagnation in Asphalt-Overlaid Bridges Using Ground-Penetrating Radar." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 2023 (April 22, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7280555.

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Stagnant water in asphalt-overlaid bridge decks is a primary cause of deterioration. Rainwater seeping through the asphalt layer stagnates on waterproofing membranes of the bridge deck, consequently degrading the asphalt pavement and the underlying concrete deck. Thus, identifying ponding regions under pavements potentially containing water can facilitate the prognostic maintenance of bridge decks. This study proposes a framework to estimate the subsurface ponding zone in bridge decks using ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The depth distribution of the nonpermeable layer in the subsurface of th

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40

Hendricks, Susan P., and David S. White. "Seasonal biogeochemical patterns in surface water, subsurface hyporheic, and riparian ground water in a temperate stream ecosystem." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 134, no. 4 (1995): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/134/1995/459.

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41

Shalit, Gil, Tammo S. Steenhuis, Hans M. Hakvoort, Jan Boll, Larry D. Geohring, and Harold M. van Es. "Subsurface Drainage Water Quality from Structured Soil." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 121, no. 3 (1995): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1995)121:3(239).

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42

Pantelis, Garry. "Theory of subsurface water-borne solute transport." Advances in Water Resources 13, no. 1 (1990): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(90)90035-3.

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Magette, W. L., P. A. Pacheco, and F. W. Wheaton. "Ion exchange treatment of subsurface drainage water." Agricultural Water Management 18, no. 2 (1990): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90025-t.

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44

Martin, Kyle P., Shannon M. MacKenzie, Jason W. Barnes, and F. Marty Ytreberg. "Protein Stability in Titan's Subsurface Water Ocean." Astrobiology 20, no. 2 (2020): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2018.1972.

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45

Carrière, Olivier, and Peter Gerstoft. "Deep-water subsurface imaging using OBS interferometry." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 2 (2013): Q15—Q24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0241.1.

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Seismic interferometry processing is applied to an active seismic survey collected on ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) deployed at 900-m water depth over a carbonate/hydrates mound in the Gulf of Mexico. Common midpoint processing and stacking of the extracted Green’s function gives the subsurface PP reflectivity, with a horizontal resolution of half the receiver spacing. The obtained seismic section is comparable to classical upgoing/downgoing wavefield decomposition and deconvolution applied on a common receiver gather. Seismic interferometry does not require precise knowledge of source geome

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46

Gambolati, Giuseppe, and Pietro Teatini. "Geomechanics of subsurface water withdrawal and injection." Water Resources Research 51, no. 6 (2015): 3922–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr016841.

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Melosh, H. J., A. G. Ekholm, A. P. Showman, and R. D. Lorenz. "The temperature of Europa's subsurface water ocean." Icarus 168, no. 2 (2004): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.026.

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48

Ren, Yuanfu, Wenhuan Huang, Mayasem Ayidh Alsuhami, Huabin Zhang, and Jinhua Ye. "Subsurface engineering for efficient photocatalytic water splitting." Chem Catalysis 3, no. 8 (2023): 100707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.checat.2023.100707.

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Salim, Ahmed Hatif, and Sabah Anwer Almasraf. "Improvement Water Productivity of Eggplant Under Subsurface Water Retention Technology." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.2.001.

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A study of the evaluation of the water productivity (WP) of eggplant under subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) through membrane sheet installed under the root zone has been conducted in sandy loam soil located in Al-Fahamah Township, Baghdad, during two growing seasons (from January 10th to May 31st, 2017 in a greenhouse and from April 9th to July 10th, 2017 in open field). For this purpose, two treatments plot with membrane sheet and without using membrane sheet were applied for each growing season to determine and compare the effect of water saving membrane on productivity of eggpla

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Jung, Eun Tae, Namsik Park, In Chul Kim, and Seoung Hwi Lee. "Subsurface Water Storage Using Coastal Aquifers Filled With Saline Water." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 27, no. 5 (2015): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9765/kscoe.2015.27.5.353.

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