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Academic literature on the topic 'Subterranean clover Western Australia Varieties'
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Journal articles on the topic "Subterranean clover Western Australia Varieties"
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Barbetti, MJ. "Breakdown in resistance of subterranean clovers to clover scorch disease (Kabatiella caulivora)." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 3 (1995): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950645.
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In spring 1990, in the Australasian Subterranean Clover and Alternative Legume Improvement Program field plots at Denmark, Western Australia, subterranean clover cultivars and crossbred lines normally highly resistant to clover scorch disease caused by Kabatiella caulivora, were severely affected by this disease. Testing the response of subterranean clover varieties to Kabatiella isolates taken from plants from these plots indicates the arrival of a new race of the fungus. The new race differs from all other isolates in overcoming the previously outstanding resistance of cultivars Green Range, Junee, Daliak and Esperance.
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Ru, Y. J., and J. A. Fortune. "Variation in nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (2000): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99043.
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While it has been reported that leaves of subterranean clover are less digestible than stems, there is a lack of information on the variability of nutritive value of plant parts of subterranean clover. To determine the variation in nutritive value of leaf, petiole, stem and burr, an experiment with 26 cultivars of subterranean clover was conducted at Shenton Park Field Station, Perth, Western Australia. The cultivars were divided into 3 maturity groups according to flowering time and each cultivar was sown in blocks comprising 4 replicates. The plots were grazed by sheep at 2-weekly intervals. Plants were sampled at the vegetative stage before grazing and after the cessation of flowering. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and nitrogen concentration of leaves, petioles, stems and burrs were determined. At the vegetative stage, there was no difference in DMD (P>0.05) among plant parts for most cultivars, and leaf had the highest (P<0.05) nitrogen concentration (4.8–5.4%). After the cessation of flowering, leaf had the highest DMD and nitrogen concentration (P<0.05). The DMD of plant parts differed significantly among cultivars (P<0.05). There was a slight decrease in DMD over time for leaves and a significant decrease in DMD for stems and petioles. These results suggest the main objective of grazing management of subterranean clover swards should be to increase the proportion of leaf material in the swards and that selection of leafy varieties by breeding could improve the late season digestibility of subterranean clover. Such management and breeding strategies would have value when the cultivars are in mixed pastures or used with supplements in summer.
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Hussein, E., D. T. Thomas, L. W. Bell, and D. Blache. "Grazing winter and spring wheat crops improves the profitability of prime lamb production in mixed farming systems of Western Australia." Animal Production Science 57, no. 10 (2017): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15850.
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Grazing immature cereal crops, particularly different varieties of wheat, has become widely adopted in the high rainfall areas of southern Australia. Recently, there has been growing interest in applying this technology in drier parts of the mixed farming zones of Western Australia. A modelling study was conducted to examine farm business returns with or without the grazing of immature wheat (winter and spring varieties) in different locations of Western Australia (Merredin, Wickepin and Kojonup), representing the low to high rainfall (319–528 mm) cropping regions, respectively. A combination of APSIM (crop simulation model) and GrassGro (pasture and livestock simulation model), were used to evaluate the changes in farm gross margins with the grazing of cereal crops at three locations of Western Australia. The results of the study showed that grazing the two wheat varieties (dual-purpose winter and spring) at the high rainfall location increased the profitability of the livestock enterprise by 2.5 times more than grazing crops at both low rainfall locations (P < 0.05). Across all years and sites, the average supplementary feeding costs were reduced by the inclusion of grazed winter (12%) and spring (2%) wheat crops in the lamb production system. The comparative reduction in the cost of supplementary feeding varied between locations and by crop variety within locations, due to both the frequency and average duration of the grazing of wheat crops in these regions, and the farm-stocking rate that was chosen. Both wheat varieties were grazed frequently at the lowest rainfall site (68% and 30% of years for winter and spring wheat varieties respectively), whereas grazing spring wheat was less frequent at the higher rainfall location and averaged 16% of years due to a greater difference in the relative availability of wheat crops versus pasture for grazing among regions. The grazing model assumed that there were abundant productive mixed ryegrass and subterranean clover pasture in the farming system. Overall, this study suggests that both winter and spring wheat crops are likely to supply green feed during the winter feed shortage (April–July) and reduce supplementary feed requirements for a short period of time in some seasons. The value of grazing crops is likely to be higher on farms with poorer soils and less productive pastures.
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Whelan, BR. "Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 4 (1989): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890517.
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. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for the non-subterranean clover component of the pasture, the concentration of selenium in plants increased linearly with application rate. The selenium concentration in subterranean clover was lower than that in the other species in the pasture. Differences between years were large: in 1985, the concentration in plant material was twice that in 1983 and 1984. The dry summer feed had higher concentrations of selenium than the green pasture. The residual value of selenite was 25% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Adequate dietary levels of selenium for sheep would require an annual application of about 200 g sodium selenite/ha to these soils.
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Aldaoud, R., W. Guppy, L. Callinan, et al. "Occurrence of Phytophthora clandestina in Trifolium subterraneum paddocks in Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 2 (2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea00048.
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In 1995–96, a survey of soil samples from subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) paddocks was conducted across Victoria, South Australia, New South Wales and Western Australia, to determine the distribution and the prevalence of races of Phytophthora clandestina (as determined by the development of root rot on differential cultivars), and the association of its occurrence with paddock variables. In all states, there was a weak but significant association between P. clandestina detected in soil samples and subsequent root rot susceptibility of differential cultivars grown in these soil samples. Phytophthora clandestina was found in 38% of the sampled sites, with a significantly lower prevalence in South Australia (27%). There were significant positive associations between P. clandestina detection and increased soil salinity (Western Australia), early growth stages of subterranean clover (Victoria), mature subterranean clover (South Australia), recently sown subterranean clover (South Australia), paddocks with higher subterranean clover content (Victoria), where herbicides were not applied (South Australia), irrigation (New South Wales and Victoria), cattle grazing (South Australia and Victoria), early sampling dates (Victoria and New South Wales), sampling shortly after the autumn break or first irrigation (Victoria), shorter soil storage time (Victoria) and farmer’s perception of root rot being present (Victoria and New South Wales). Only 29% of P. clandestina isolates could be classified under the 5 known races. Some of the unknown races were virulent on cv. Seaton Park LF (most resistant) and others were avirulent on cv. Woogenellup (most susceptible). Race 1 was significantly less prevalent in South Australia than Victoria and race 0 was significantly less prevalent in New South Wales than in South Australia and Western Australia. This study revealed extremely wide variation in the virulence of P. clandestina. The potential importance of the results on programs to breed for resistance to root rot are discussed. in South Australia.
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Wong, DH, MJ Barbetti, and K. Sivasithamparam. "Fungi associated with root rot of subterranean clover in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 3 (1985): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850574.
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Field trials were conducted during 1982-84 to determine the severity of root rot, and the identity and pathogenicity of the fungi associated with root rot of subterranean clover at five locations in the south-west of Western Australia. At all sites, there was moderate to severe root rot and seedling emergence was greatly reduced. Pythium irregulare and Fusarium oxysporum were the fungi most frequently isolated from diseased roots. F. avenaceum, P. irregulare, P. spinosum and R. solani were highly pathogenic to subterranean clover seedlings. F. oxysporum and P. medicaginis were less pathogenic and F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, one isolate of M. phaseoli, and W. circinata were only weakly pathogenic. Ceratobasidium sp. (AG K), F. sulphureum, one isolate of M. phaseoli, P. coloratum, and R. cereale were non-pathogenic. This is the first record of pathogenicity of F. acuminatum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, M. phaseoli and P. spinosum on subterranean clover in Western Australia. P. clandestina was detected at all sites.
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Peck, D. M., N. Habili, R. M. Nair, J. W. Randles, C. T. de Koning, and G. C. Auricht. "Bean leafroll virus is widespread in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) seed crops and can be persistently transmitted by bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji)." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12121.
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In the mid 2000s subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) seed producers in South Australia reported symptoms of a red-leaf disease in fields with reduced seed yields. The red-leaf symptoms resembled those caused by several clover-infecting viruses. A set of molecular diagnostic tools were developed for the following viruses which are known to infect subterranean clover: Alfalfa mosaic virus; Bean leafroll virus (BLRV); Beet western yellows virus; Bean yellow mosaic virus; Cucumber mosaic virus; Pea seed-borne mosaic virus; Soybean dwarf virus and Subterranean clover stunt virus. Surveys of subterranean clover seed production fields in 2008 in the south-east of South Australia and western Victoria identified Bean leafroll virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus as present, with BLRV the most widespread. Surveys of pasture seed production fields and pasture evaluation trials in 2009 confirmed that BLRV was widespread. This result will allow seed producers to determine whether control measures directed against BLRV will overcome their seed losses. Bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) was implicated as a potential vector of BLRV because it was observed to be colonising lucerne plants adjacent to subterranean clover seed production paddocks with BLRV, and in a glasshouse trial it transmitted BLRV from an infected lucerne plant to subterranean clover in a persistent manner.
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Bolland, MDA. "Assessment of methods of re-seeding subterranean clover near Esperance, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850886.
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In 1979 and 1980, three methods of re-seeding subterranean clover were investigated near Esperance, Western Australia: seeding just before the break to the season (dry-seeding), and seeding after the break, after killing the emerging pasture by mechanical cultivations or with herbicides. Sowing subterranean clover into a cereal stubble just prior to the break of the winter growing season, followed by continuous grazing after emergence to pr, vent overtopping of the clover seedlings, was he most economical method. It did not involve costs associated with the other methods (ploughing and scarifying, or herbicides and spraying), it produced between five and twenty times as much dried herbage in winter as was produced by the other methods, and had twice the sheep-carrying capacity in winter. The differences in clover seed yields between the three methods were not statistically significant, but yields were reduced by about 30% when grazing of dry-seeded treatments in cereal stubble was delayed until 6 weeks after emergence of seedlings, because of a 30% decrease in the number of clover seedlings.
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Paynter, BH. "Comparison of the phosphate requirements of burr medic and yellow serradella with subterranean clover in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 8 (1992): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9921077.
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Burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) were compared with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in their response to freshly topdressed phosphate in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. Species were compared on the amount of applied phosphorus (P) required for 90% maximum yield and the ratio of their curvature coefficients from the Mitscherlich relationship between P applied and absolute yield. On marginally acidic, medium-textured soils, burr medic had a higher external shoot requirement for applied P than subterranean clover. Relative differences between the species were affected by season, initial concentration of bicarbonate-extractable P in the soil (0-10 cm), and timing of plant harvest during the growing season. Burr medic generally achieved a higher absolute maximum yield at each harvest, a larger absolute yield response, and a larger percentage response to applied P than subterranean clover. There was no difference between burr medic and subterranean clover with respect to the internal efficiency of P use for shoot production. For seed production, the external requirements of burr medic and subterranean clover for applied P were similar according to the criterion of P required at 90% maximum yield, but burr medic had a higher requirement if curvature coefficient was the criterion for comparison. Burr medic also had a higher internal efficiency of P use for seed production than subterranean clover. On an acidic, light-textured soil, yellow serradella had a lower requirement for applied P than subterranean clover, according to both criteria for all harvests in 2 separate years.
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O'Rourke, Tiernan A., Megan H. Ryan, Hua Li, et al. "Taxonomic and pathogenic characteristics of a new species Aphanomyces trifolii causing root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in Western Australia." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 9 (2010): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10040.
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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is grown extensively as a pasture legume in agronomic regions with Mediterranean-type climates in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Root diseases of subterranean clover, especially those caused by oomycete pathogens including Aphanomyces, Phytophthora and Pythium, greatly reduce productivity by significantly decreasing germination, seedling establishment, plant survival and seed set. For this reason, experiments were conducted to determine the species of Aphanomyces causing root disease on subterranean clover in the high-rainfall areas of south-west Western Australia. The effects of flooding, temperature and inoculum concentration on the development of root disease on subterranean clover caused by this Aphanomyces sp. were also investigated as was its host range. Morphological and molecular characteristics were used to identify the pathogen as a new species Aphanomyces trifolii sp. nov. (O’Rourke et al.), which forms a distinct clade with its nearest relative being A. cladogamus. A. trifolii caused significant lateral root pruning as well as hypocotyl collapse and tap root disease of subterranean clover. The level of disease was greater in treatments where soil was flooded for 24 h rather than for 6 h or in unflooded treatments. The pathogen caused more disease at 18/13oC than at lower (10/5oC) or higher (25/20oC) temperatures. The pathogen caused more disease at 1% inoculum than at 0.5 or 0.2% (% inoculum : dry weight of soil). In greenhouse trials, A. trifolii also caused root disease on annual medic (M. polymorpha and M. truncatula), dwarf beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the pathogen did not cause disease on peas (Pisum sativum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), wheat (Triticum aestivum), annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidium) or capsicum (Capsicum annuum). A. trifolii is a serious pathogen in the high-rainfall areas of south-west Western Australia and is likely a significant cause of root disease and subsequent decline in subterranean clover pastures across southern Australia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subterranean clover Western Australia Varieties"
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Nichols, Phillip Geoffrey Harwood. "Evolution in sown mixtures of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0008.
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[Truncated abstract] Evolution in two genetically diverse sown populations of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) was examined over 16 years at Mt Barker, a long growing season site, and at Nabawa, a short growing season site, in south-west Western Australia. One population consisted of a mixture of 40 strains sown in equal proportions, while the other was a bulk-hybrid population consisting of F2 seed from 253 crosses. Seed harvested annually and kept in cold storage was grown in an irrigated common garden at the University of Western Australia Field Station at Shenton Park, along with samples of the ancestral mixtures, to examine changes within these populations. Evolution in the strain mixture populations was measured by changes in strain frequency; strains were considered ecologically successful if their relative contribution was maintained or increased from that at sowing. Mixtures containing an additional 12 cultivars were also sown at each site to examine short-term population changes. The relative importance of 38 attributes measured in single-strain swards and spaced plants at Nabawa and Mt Barker was then related to strain success in mixtures at each site. Evolution in the bulk hybrid populations was measured in spaced plants at Shenton Park by changes in mean values and variability of 26 attributes. The ancestral populations evolved into markedly different populations at each site. Most evolution occurred within three years of sowing, due to elimination of poorly adapted genotypes. Within sites, the direction of selection was similar for both mixtures. In the strain mixture populations, different strains became dominant at each site. Divergent strains, those not identical to the sown strains, were significant components of the populations, particularly at Mt Barker, but their frequency did not increase. In the bulk hybrid populations, changes occurred in the means of 20 characters and variability declined in 11 characters at one or both sites. Appropriate flowering time was fundamental for success in both environments. At Nabawa, early flowering was crucial, while successful genotypes at Mt Barker were midseason and late flowering. Flowering time in both environments was a compromise between sufficient earliness for adequate seed production prior to the onset of summer drought, and deferment for as long as possible to allow plants to develop maximum size to compete for light in spring. The balance between these two competing forces differed in response to length of the growing season at each site
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Ru, Ying Jun. "The influence of cultivar variation on the potential productivity of swards of subterranean clover when utilised by grazing animals / by Yingjun Ru." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18931.
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Bibliography: leaves 144-163.xv, 163 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
This thesis examines genetic variation in growth rate and growth form among subterranean clover cultivars in winter. The effect of plant density and sowing time on growth rate and sward structure of subterranean clover in winter and the impact of grazing intensity on morphology and nutritive value of subterranean clover is studied. It explores also genetic variation in the nutritive value of subterranean clover.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agronomy and Farming Systems, 1997
Books on the topic "Subterranean clover Western Australia Varieties"
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Bolland, M. D. A. Serradella, subterranean clover and medic research, Esperance, Western Australia. Department of Agriculture Western Australia, 1987.