Academic literature on the topic 'Subthreshold response'
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Journal articles on the topic "Subthreshold response"
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Haas, Julie S., and John A. White. "Frequency Selectivity of Layer II Stellate Cells in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (2002): 2422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00598.2002.
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Electrophysiologically, stellate cells (SCs) from layer II of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are distinguished by intrinsic 4- to 12-Hz subthreshold oscillations. These oscillations are thought to impose a pattern of slow periodic firing that may contribute to the parahippocampal theta rhythm in vivo. Using stimuli with systematically differing frequency content, we examined supra- and subthreshold responses in SCs with the goal of understanding how their distinctive characteristics shape these responses. In reaction to repeated presentations of identical, pseudo-random stimuli, the reliability (repeatability) of the spiking response in SCs depends critically on the frequency content of the stimulus. Reliability is optimal for stimuli with a greater proportion of power in the 4- to 12-Hz range. The simplest mechanistic explanation of these results is that rhythmogenic subthreshold membrane mechanisms resonate with inputs containing significant power in the 4- to 12-Hz band, leading to larger subthreshold excursions and thus enhanced reliability. However, close examination of responses rules out this explanation: SCs do show clear subthreshold resonance (i.e., selective amplification of inputs with particular frequency content) in response to sinusoidal stimuli, while simultaneously showing a lack of subthreshold resonance in response to the pseudo-random stimuli used in reliability experiments. Our results support a model with distinctive input-output relationships under subthreshold and suprathreshold conditions. For suprathreshold stimuli, SC spiking seems to best reflect the amount of input power in the theta (4–12 Hz) frequency band. For subthreshold stimuli, we hypothesize that the magnitude of subthreshold theta-range oscillations in SCs reflects the total power, across all frequencies, of the input.
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Rost, E. "Subthreshold response function in the Δ-resonance region". Physical Review C 50, № 3 (1994): 1729–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.50.1729.
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Strohmann, B., D. W. Schwarz, and E. Puil. "Subthreshold frequency selectivity in avian auditory thalamus." Journal of Neurophysiology 71, no. 4 (1994): 1361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.71.4.1361.
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1. We studied the frequency responses of neurons in the nucleus ovoidalis (OV), the principal thalamic auditory relay nucleus of the chicken, in the subthreshold range of membrane potentials. The frequency response is the impedance amplitude profile evident in the voltage response to a broadband stimulus. The stimulus was a deterministic periodic current input of small amplitude, sweeping through a specified frequency range. We used whole-cell, tight-seal recording techniques in slices to study the voltage responses and membrane properties in current and voltage clamp. 2. Generally, low-frequency resonant humps with peak impedances of approximately 6 Hz characterized the frequency responses of OV neurons. This resonance was the principal determinant for frequency selectivity in the majority of OV neurons expressing only a tonic mode of firing. 3. The 6-Hz resonance was voltage dependent and most distinct where the activation ranges of a hyperpolarization activated inward current (IH) and a persistent Na+ current tend to overlap. The potential range for optimal resonance often included the resting potential. 4. Application of the Na+ current antagonist, tetrodotoxin, blocked the persistent Na+ current and most of the resonant hump at depolarized levels but did not affect the resonant peak along the frequency axis. Thus the persistent Na+ current may serve to amplify the resonance. 5. Extracellular application of Cs+, but not Ba2+, blocked a voltage sag during pulsed hyperpolarization as well as the IH current. Application of Cs+ also eliminated the 6-Hz resonance. An IH seems, therefore, instrumental for the resonance. 6. A minority of neurons that expressed low-threshold Ca2+ spikes and burst firing at hyperpolarized states displayed voltage oscillations at 2-4 Hz, spontaneously or in response to pulsatile stimuli. Application of Ni2+ blocked the oscillations and the low-threshold spikes, presumably produced by a T-type Ca2+ current. The resonance at 6 Hz, however, was only slightly affected by Ni2+. A T-type current, therefore, is critical for the 2- to 4-Hz oscillations. 7. Membrane resonance may dominate the power spectrum of subthreshold potential fluctuations. The resonance demonstrated in vitro may be stabilized by experimental procedures; its frequency may be different and more variable in vivo. Resonances in thalamic neurons may play a role in auditory signal processing in birds.
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White, D. M., and J. D. Levine. "Different mechanical transduction mechanisms for the immediate and delayed responses of rat C-fiber nociceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 2 (1991): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.2.363.
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1. In this electrophysiological study, action potentials from single C-fibers were recorded in fine filaments teased from the rat saphenous nerve. We evaluated the effect of pharmacological agents on the responses of C-fiber mechanoheat nociceptors (C-MH; n = 53) after sustained suprathreshold and subthreshold stimuli. 2. Sustained suprathreshold mechanical stimuli elicit an immediate burst of activity that quickly adapts to a low-level firing that is maintained during the stimulus. Sustained subthreshold stimuli activate C-MHs after a delay and elicit a constant, low-level firing. 3. Gentamicin, a known suppressor of mechanosensory cell activity, blocked the initial rapid burst response to suprathreshold stimuli (n = 11) but had no effect on the adaptive low-level firing. The latency of the delayed activation of C-MHs induced by sustained subthreshold stimuli was not affected by gentamicin. 4. Sphingosine, a protein kinase inhibitor, increased the latency of the delayed activation of C-MHs (n = 7) to sustained subthreshold stimuli; phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), a protein kinase C activator, decreased the latency of the delayed activation of C-MHs (n = 9); and 4 alpha-phorbol, an inactive isomer of TPA, had no effect on the latency of the delayed activation (n = 7). Sphingosine, TPA, and 4 alpha-phorbol had no affect on the initial burst response induced by suprathreshold stimuli. 5. K+ channel blockers, 4-aminopyridine (n = 9) and noxiustoxin (n = 5), decreased the latency of the delayed activation of C-MHs to sustained subthreshold stimuli but had no effect on the initial burst response of C-MHs to suprathreshold stimuli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Hoshino, Osamu. "Neuronal Responses Below Firing Threshold for Subthreshold Cross-Modal Enhancement." Neural Computation 23, no. 4 (2011): 958–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00096.
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Multisensory integration (such as somatosensation-vision, gustation-olfaction) could occur even between subthreshold stimuli that in isolation do not reach perceptual awareness. For example, when a somatosensory (subthreshold) stimulus is delivered within a close spatiotemporal congruency, a visual (subthreshold) stimulus evokes a visual percept. Cross-modal enhancement of visual perception is maximal when the somatosensory stimulation precedes the visual one by tens of milliseconds. This rapid modulatory response would not be consistent with a top-down mechanism acting through higher-order multimodal cortical areas, but rather a direct interaction between lower-order unimodal areas. To elucidate the neuronal mechanisms of subthreshold cross-modal enhancement, we simulated a neural network model. In the model, lower unimodal (X, Y) and higher multimodal (M) networks are reciprocally connected by bottom-up and top-down axonal projections. The lower networks are laterally connected with each other. A pair of stimuli was presented to the lower networks, whose respective intensities were too weak to induce salient neuronal activity (population response) when presented alone. Neurons of the Y network were slightly depolarized below firing threshold when a cross-modal stimulus was presented alone to the X network. This allowed the Y network to make a rapid (within tens of milliseconds) population response when presented with a subsequent congruent stimulus. The reaction speed of the Y network was accelerated, provided that the top-down projections were strengthened. We suggest that a subthreshold (nonpopulation) response to a cross-modal stimulus, acting through interaction between lower (primary unisensory) areas, may be essential for a rapid suprathreshold (population) response to a congruent stimulus that follows. Top-down influences on cross-modal enhancement may be faster than expected, accelerating reaction speed to input, in which ongoing-spontaneous subthreshold excitation of lower-order unimodal cells by higher-order multimodal cells may play an active role.
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Wright, Nathaniel C., Mahmood S. Hoseini, and Ralf Wessel. "Adaptation modulates correlated subthreshold response variability in visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 2 (2017): 1257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00124.2017.
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Correlated response variability has profound implications for stimulus encoding, yet our understanding of this phenomenon is based largely on spike data. Here, we investigate the dynamics and mechanisms of membrane potential-correlated variability (CC) in visual cortex with a combined experimental and computational approach. We observe a visually evoked increase in CC, followed by a fast return to baseline. Our results further suggest a link between this observation and the adaptation-mediated dynamics of emergent network phenomena.
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Devrim, Müge, Tamer Demiralp, and Adnan Kurt. "The effects of subthreshold visual stimulation on P300 response." NeuroReport 8, no. 14 (1997): 3113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199709290-00021.
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Bányai, Mihály, Zsombor Koman, and Gergő Orbán. "Population activity statistics dissect subthreshold and spiking variability in V1." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00931.2016.
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Response variability, as measured by fluctuating responses upon repeated performance of trials, is a major component of neural responses, and its characterization is key to interpret high dimensional population recordings. Response variability and covariability display predictable changes upon changes in stimulus and cognitive or behavioral state, providing an opportunity to test the predictive power of models of neural variability. Still, there is little agreement on which model to use as a building block for population-level analyses, and models of variability are often treated as a subject of choice. We investigate two competing models, the doubly stochastic Poisson (DSP) model assuming stochasticity at spike generation, and the rectified Gaussian (RG) model tracing variability back to membrane potential variance, to analyze stimulus-dependent modulation of both single-neuron and pairwise response statistics. Using a pair of model neurons, we demonstrate that the two models predict similar single-cell statistics. However, DSP and RG models have contradicting predictions on the joint statistics of spiking responses. To test the models against data, we build a population model to simulate stimulus change-related modulations in pairwise response statistics. We use single-unit data from the primary visual cortex (V1) of monkeys to show that while model predictions for variance are qualitatively similar to experimental data, only the RG model's predictions are compatible with joint statistics. These results suggest that models using Poisson-like variability might fail to capture important properties of response statistics. We argue that membrane potential-level modeling of stochasticity provides an efficient strategy to model correlations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neural variability and covariability are puzzling aspects of cortical computations. For efficient decoding and prediction, models of information encoding in neural populations hinge on an appropriate model of variability. Our work shows that stimulus-dependent changes in pairwise but not in single-cell statistics can differentiate between two widely used models of neuronal variability. Contrasting model predictions with neuronal data provides hints on the noise sources in spiking and provides constraints on statistical models of population activity.
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Schreiber, Susanne, Irina Erchova, Uwe Heinemann, and Andreas V. M. Herz. "Subthreshold Resonance Explains the Frequency-Dependent Integration of Periodic as Well as Random Stimuli in the Entorhinal Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01116.2003.
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Neurons integrate subthreshold inputs in a frequency-dependent manner. For sinusoidal stimuli, response amplitudes thus vary with stimulus frequency. Neurons in entorhinal cortex show two types of such resonance behavior: stellate cells in layer II exhibit a prominent peak in the resonance profile at stimulus frequencies of 5–16 Hz. Pyramidal cells in layer III show only a small impedance peak at low frequencies (1–5 Hz) or a maximum at 0 Hz followed by a monotonic decrease of the impedance. Whether the specific frequency selectivity for periodic stimuli also governs the integration of non-periodic stimuli has been questioned recently. Using frozen-noise stimuli with different distributions of power over frequencies, we provide experimental evidence that the integration of non-periodic subthreshold stimuli is determined by the same subthreshold frequency selectivity as that of periodic stimuli. Differences between the integration of noise stimuli in stellate and pyramidal cells can be fully explained by the resonance properties of each cell type. Response power thus reflects stimulus power in a frequency-selective way. Theoretical predictions based on linear system's theory as well as on conductance-based model neurons support this finding. We also show that the frequency selectivity in the subthreshold range extends to suprathreshold responses in terms of firing rate. Cells in entorhinal cortex are representative examples of cells with resonant or low-pass filter impedance profiles. It is therefore likely that neurons with similar frequency selectivity will process input signals according to the same simple principles.
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Simon, Christen, Nebojsa Kezunovic, D. Keith Williams, Francisco J. Urbano, and E. Garcia-Rill. "Cholinergic and glutamatergic agonists induce gamma frequency activity in dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus neurons." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 301, no. 2 (2011): C327—C335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2011.
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The dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus (SubCD) is involved in generating two signs of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: muscle atonia and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves. We tested the hypothesis that single cell and/or population responses of SubCD neurons are capable of generating gamma frequency activity in response to intracellular stimulation or receptor agonist activation. Whole cell patch clamp recordings (immersion chamber) and population responses (interface chamber) were conducted on 9- to 20-day-old rat brain stem slices. All SubCD neurons ( n = 103) fired at gamma frequency when subjected to depolarizing steps. Two statistically distinct populations of neurons were observed, which were distinguished by their high (>80 Hz, n = 24) versus low (35–80 Hz, n = 16) initial firing frequencies. Both cell types exhibited subthreshold oscillations in the gamma range ( n = 43), which may underlie the gamma band firing properties of these neurons. The subthreshold oscillations were blocked by the sodium channel blockers tetrodotoxin (TTX, n = 21) extracellularly and N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)triethylammonium bromide (QX-314) intracellularly ( n = 5), indicating they were sodium channel dependent. Gamma frequency subthreshold oscillations were observed in response to the nonspecific cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (CAR, n = 11, d = 1.08) and the glutamate receptor agonists N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA, n = 12, d = 1.09) and kainic acid (KA, n = 13, d = 0.96), indicating that cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs may be involved in the activation of these subthreshold currents. Gamma band activity also was observed in population responses following application of CAR ( n = 4, P < 0.05), NMDA ( n = 4, P < 0.05) and KA ( n = 4, P < 0.05). Voltage-sensitive, sodium channel-dependent gamma band activity appears to be a part of the intrinsic membrane properties of SubCD neurons.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subthreshold response"
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Glenn, L. Lee, and Jeff R. Knisley. "Use of Eigenslope to Estimate Fourier Coefficients for Passive Cable Models of the Neuron." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1997. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7540.
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Boundary conditions for the cable equation - such as voltage-clamped or sealed cable ends, branchpoints, somatic shunts, and current clamps - result in multi-exponential series representations of the voltage or current. Each term in the series expansion is characterized by a decay rate (eigenvalue) and an initial amplitude (Fourier coefficient). The eigenvalues are determined numerically and the Fourier coefficients are subsequently given by the residues at the eigenvalues of the Laplace transform of the solution. In this paper, we introduce an alternative method for estimating the Fourier coefficients which works for all types of boundary conditions and is practical even when analytic expressions for the Fourier coefficients become intractable. It is shown that terms in the analytic expressions for the Fourier coefficients result from derivatives of the equation for the eigenvalues, and that simple numerical estimates for the amplitude coefficients are easily derived by replacing analytical derivatives by numerical eigenslope. The physical quantity represented by the slope is identified as effective neuron capacitance.
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Tong, Mingjie. "Mechanisms underlying subthreshold and suprathreshold responses in dorsal cochler nucleus cartwheel cells /." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?toledo1133806721.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2005.<br>Typescript. "A dissertation [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Engineering." Bibliography: leaves 128-141.
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Tong, Mingjie. "Mechanisms Underlying Subthreshold and Suprathreshold Responses in Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Cartwheel Cells." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1133806721.
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Akai, Carol Elizabeth. "Redefining early child neglect subthreshold pathways to non-optimal development /." 2007. http://etd.nd.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08102007-103550/.
Full textBooks on the topic "Subthreshold response"
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Torres, Albina R., Leonardo F. Fontenelle, Roseli G. Shavitt, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Christopher Pittenger, and Euripedes C. Miguel. Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Burden of OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the interrelated topics of OCD epidemiology, comorbidity, and disease burden. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a frequent condition, especially if subthreshold manifestations are considered. Epidemiological surveys describe current and lifetime prevalence rates of full-blown OCD around 1% and 2.5%, respectively. Subthreshold symptoms occur in up to a third of the general population. Comorbidity is the rule in OCD, which increases the complexity, severity, distress, chronicity, and negative impact of the disorder. Comorbidity may influence the search for, adherence with, and response to treatment. OCD entails significant costs to society, both illness related and care/treatment related. Epidemiological surveys show that only a minority of individuals with OCD are receiving treatment. Recognition and treatment of OCD is often delayed for many years, increasing the morbidity and the burden of sufferers, family members, and society. Increasing public awareness, professional recognition, and access to treatment is an urgent clinical and public health need.
Book chapters on the topic "Subthreshold response"
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"Subthreshold response to synaptic input." In Introduction to Theoretical Neurobiology. Cambridge University Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511623202.002.
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Schulz-Quach, Christian, Madeline Li, Kimberley Miller, and Gary Rodin. "Depressive Disorders in Cancer." In Psycho-Oncology, edited by William S. Breitbart. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190097653.003.0042.
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The prevalence, clinical features, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and treatment approaches for the spectrum of depressive disorders in cancer patients are reviewed here. At the more severe end of the continuum, major depression is a serious comorbidity with a prevalence of 8–24% in cancer patients and associated with significant impairment in quality of life and engagement in cancer treatment. Subthreshold depressive disorders are even more common and can be associated with substantial functional impairment. The distinction among these disorders can be difficult to make but has important implications for treatment. Milder depressive symptoms, such as those associated with an adjustment disorder or subthreshold depression, may not be responsive to antidepressant medication, while moderate to severe major depression often does respond. Biological factors contributing to depression should be addressed and psychological interventions may be beneficial across the spectrum of depression. Psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic interventions have been shown to be effective in cancer, and collaborative care models may enhance their delivery. Future research is needed to better define the phenomenology of subthreshold depression in cancer patients and to strengthen the evidence base for both the pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of depression in cancer.
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Koch, Christof. "Input Resistance, Time Constants, and Spike Initiation." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0023.
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This chapter represents somewhat of a tephnical interlude. Having introduced the reader to both simplified and more complex compartmental single neuron models, we need to revisit terrain with which we are already somewhat familiar. In the following pages we reevaluate two important concepts we defined in the first few chapters: the somatic input resistance and the neuronal time constant. For passive systems, both are simple enough variables: Rin is the change in somatic membrane potential in response to a small sustained current injection divided by the amplitude of the current injection, while τm is the slowest time constant associated with the exponential charging or discharging of the neuronal membrane in response to a current pulse or step. However, because neurons express nonstationary and nonlinear membrane conductances, the measurement and interpretation of these two variables in active structures is not as straightforward as before. Having obtained a more sophisticated understanding of these issues, we will turn toward the question of the existence of a current, voltage, or charge threshold at which a biophysical faithful model of a cell triggers action potentials. We conclude with recent work that suggests how concepts from the subthreshold domain, like the input resistance or the average membrane potential, could be extended to the case in which the cell is discharging a stream of action potentials. This chapter is mainly for the cognoscendi or for those of us that need to make sense of experimental data by comparing therp to theoretical models that usually fail to reflect reality adequately. In Sec. 3.4, we defined Kii (f) for passive cable structures as the voltage change at location i in response to a sinusoidal current injection of frequency f at the same location. Its dc component is also referred to as input resistance or Rin. Three difficulties render this definition of input resistance problematic in real cells: (1) most membranes, in particular at the soma, show voltage-dependent nonlinearities, (2) the associated ionic membrane conductances are time dependent and (3) instrumental aspects, such as the effect of the impedance of the recording electrode on Rin, add uncertainty to the measuring process.
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"Membrane Potential or Subthreshold Preferred Frequency Responses to Oscillatory Inputs." In Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6675-8_100333.
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Koch, Christof. "Beyond Hodgkin and Huxley: Calcium and Calcium-Dependent Potassium Currents." In Biophysics of Computation. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104912.003.0015.
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The cornerstone of modern biophysics is the comprehensive analysis by Hodgkin and Huxley (1952a,b,c,d) of the generation and propagation of action potentials in the squid giant axon. The basis of their model is a fast sodium current INa and a delayed potassium current IK (which here we also refer to as IDR)- The last 40 years of research have shown that impulse conduction along axons can be successfully analyzed in terms of one or both of these currents. Nonetheless, their equations do not capture—nor were they intended to capture—a number of important biophysical phenomena, such as adaptation of the firing frequency to long-lasting stimuli or bursting, that is, the generation of two to five spikes within 5-20 msec. Moreover, the transmission of electrical signals within and between neurons involves more than the mere circulation of stereotyped pulses. These impulses must be set up and generated by subthreshold processes. The differences between the firing behavior of most neurons and the squid giant axon reflect the roles of other voltage-dependent ionic conductances than the two described by Hodgkin and Huxley. Over the last two decades, more than several dozen membrane conductances have been characterized (Hagiwara, 1983; Llinás, 1988; Hille, 1992). They differ in principal carrier, voltage, and time dependence, dependence on the presence of intracellular calcium and on their susceptibility to modulation by synaptic inputs and second messengers. Our knowledge of these conductances and the role they play in impulse formation has accelerated rapidly in recent years as a result of various technical innovations such as single-cell isolation, patch clamping, and molecular techniques. We will here describe the most important of these conductances and briefly characterize each one. In order to understand more completely the functional role of these conductances in determining the response of the cell to input, empirical equations that approximate their behavior under physiological conditions must be developed and compared against the physiological preparations. In a remarkable testimony to the power and the generality of the Hodgkin-Huxley approach, the majority of such phenomenological models has used their methodology of describing individual ionic conductances in terms of activating and inactivating particles with first-order kinetics (see Chap. 6).
Conference papers on the topic "Subthreshold response"
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Banqueri, J., M. A. Carvajal, S. Martinez-Garcia, A. J. Palma, M. Vilches, and A. M. Lallena. "Subthreshold response of a MOSFET to radiation effects." In 2013 Spanish Conference on Electron Devices (CDE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cde.2013.6481340.
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Alam, Md Nur K., M. Thesberg, B. Kaczer, et al. "HfZrO Ferroelectric Characterization and Parameterization of Response to Arbitrary Excitation Waveform." In 2019 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Technology Unified Conference (S3S). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/s3s46989.2019.9320678.
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Saurabh, Aditya, Lipika Kabiraj, Richard Steinert, and Christian Oliver Paschereit. "Noise-Induced Dynamics in the Subthreshold Region in Thermoacoustic Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57442.
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This article is a report of experiments conducted in order to investigate the role of noise on thermoacoustic systems. In contrast to most studies in this direction, in the present work, the role of noise in the subthreshold region, prior to the (subcritical) Hopf bifurcation and the associated saddle-node bifurcation is considered. Although, in this regime, a thermoacoustic system is stable and does not undergo transition to self-excited thermoacoustic oscillations, the system can feature dynamics that arise due to the proximity of the system to the approaching Hopf bifurcation in response to noise. Experiments were performed on a model thermoacoustic system featuring a laminar flat flame. Noise was introduced in a controlled manner and the effect of increasing levels of noise intensity was studied. Results presented here show that noise addition induces coherent oscillations. The induced coherence can be quite significant, and is dependent on the noise amplitude and proximity to the Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore, this noise-induced behavior is characterized by a well-defined ‘resonance-like’ response of the system: An optimum level of coherence is induced for an intermediate level of noise. For practical thermoacoustic systems (e.g. combustors), which are inherently noisy due to factors such as flow turbulence and combustion noise, these results can have important implications.
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Xi, Xiaodan, Haoyu Zhuang, Nan Sun, and Michael Orshansky. "Strong subthreshold current array PUF with 265 challenge-response pairs resilient to machine learning attacks in 130nm CMOS." In 2017 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/vlsic.2017.8008503.
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Ware, J. A., M. Smith, and E. W. Salzman. "DIACYLGLYCEROL AND PHORBOL ESTER REDUCE AEQUORIN-INDICATED [Ca++] ELEVATIONS INDUCED BY THROMBIN OR ADP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644503.
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Platelet aggregation and secretion induced by phorbol ester (PMA) or diacylglycerol (DAG) are preceded by an increase in [Ca++] that is detected byaequorin, but not by quin2, fura-2, or indo-1, suggesting that these indicatorsreflect different aspects of Ca++ homeostasis, possibly different functional Ca++ pools. Addition of two conventional agonists in subthreold concentrations synergistically enhances the [Ca++] rise and aggregation.However, if PMA or DAG is the first agonist the subsequent quin2-indicated [Ca++] rise after thrombin is reduced.Whether aequorin-indicated [Ca++] is similarly affected is unknown. We studied gel-filtered platelets loaded with aequorin or a fluorophore and added PMA, DAG, thrombin or ADP, alone or in combination. Either PMA or DAG alone caused a concentration-dependent increase in [Ca++] detectable with aequorin but not with the fluorophores; simultaneous addition of thrombin or ADP with DAG or PMA produced a larger [Ca++] rise than either alone. However, addition of DAG or PMA as a first agonist reduced subsequent aequorin-indicated [Ca++] rises following thrombin or ADP in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of ADP or thrombin-induced [Ca++] rise was not always accompanied by inhibition of aggregation or secretion. Combination of subthreshold concentrations of ADP and thrombin produced an enhanced [Ca++] rise and aggregation. However, this synergistic effect was inhibited by preincubation with DAG or PMA. Neither this effect nor DAG-induced [Ca++] rise was inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7. In genera^ preincubation of platelets with an agonist enhances Ca rise and aggregation in response to a second agonist; in contrasl protein kinase C activators, which themselves elevate [Ca++] as shown by aequorin, inhibit aequorin-indicated Ca rises after ADP or thrombin, and limit synergism between these two agonists.