Academic literature on the topic 'Subtle sexism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Subtle sexism"

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Swim, Janet K., Robyn Mallett, and Charles Stangor. "Understanding Subtle Sexism: Detection and Use of Sexist Language." Sex Roles 51, no. 3/4 (August 2004): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sers.0000037757.73192.06.

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Manoussaki, Kallia, and Valentina Gosetti. "Blame is in the eye of the beholder: Assessing the Role of Ambivalent Sexism on Subtle Rape Myth Acceptance." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.82.9669.

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The aim of the present study was to determine whether ambivalent sexism predicts subtle rape myth acceptance. Respondents comprised of 211 university students, who completed the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996) and the updated version of the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale (McMahon & Farmer, 2011). Results indicated that while benevolent sexism significantly predicted acceptance of subtle rape myths, hostile sexism did not. Additionally, male participants reported more ambivalent sexism and subtle rape myth acceptance than females. These findings add to the literature investigating gender inequality and rape mythology by giving a first account on the link between subtle rape myths and ambivalent sexist attitudes.
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Swim, Janet K., and Laurie L. Cohen. "Overt, Covert, And Subtle Sexism." Psychology of Women Quarterly 21, no. 1 (March 1997): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00103.x.

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The Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS) is routinely used as a general measure of sexism. In this article, it is argued that the AWS (Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, 1973) actually measures overt or blatant sexism (harmful and unequal treatment of women that is intentional, visible, and unambiguous), whereas the Modern Sexism Scale (MS) measures covert or subtle forms of sexism (sexism that is either hidden and clandestine or unnoticed because it is built into cultural and societal norms). Support for this distinction is shown by way of (a) confirmatory factor analyses, (b) correlations with affective reactions to different categories of women and men (i.e., women and men in general, traditional women and men, feminists, and chauvinists), and (c) correlations with perceptions of sexual harassment. These analyses indicate that the AWS and MS scales measure distinct but related constructs.
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Barthel, Diane, Nijole V. Benokraitis, and Joe R. Feagin. "Modern Sexism: Blatant, Subtle, and Covert Discrimination." Social Forces 67, no. 1 (September 1988): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579123.

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Marciano, Teresa D., N. V. Benokraitis, and J. R. Feagin. "Modern Sexism: Blatant, Subtle, and Covert Discrimination." Teaching Sociology 14, no. 4 (October 1986): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1318395.

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Kemp, Alice Abel, Nijole V. Benokraitis, and Joe R. Feagin. "Modern Sexism: Blatant, Subtle, and Covert Discrimination." Contemporary Sociology 16, no. 5 (September 1987): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069738.

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Serio, Tricia. "Speak up about subtle sexism in science." Nature 532, no. 7600 (April 2016): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/532415a.

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Swim, Janet K., Robyn Mallett, Yvonne Russo-Devosa, and Charles Stangor. "Judgments of Sexism: A Comparison of the Subtlety of Sexism Measures and Sources of Variability in Judgments of Sexism." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00240.x.

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We compared the subtlety of four measures of sexism and sources of variation in male and female psychology students' judgments that beliefs from these scales and everyday behaviors were sexist. Participants judged traditional gender role and hostile sexist beliefs as more sexist than benevolent and modern sexist beliefs, indicating the latter were more subtle measures of sexism. Participants also judged traditional gender role behaviors as more sexist than unwanted sexual attention, suggesting the latter may less readily be identified as sexist. Variation in judgments of beliefs as sexist was related to differences in likelihood of endorsing such beliefs. This relation fully accounted for the tendency for men to be less likely to judge beliefs as sexist in comparison to women. Endorsement of Modern and Hostile Sexist beliefs was related to judgments of behaviors as sexist. The implications of the results for scale usage and identifying sexist behavior are discussed.
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Fonow, Mary Margaret, Nijole V. Benokraitis, and Deborah L. Rhode. "Subtle Sexism: Current Practice and Prospects for Change." Contemporary Sociology 27, no. 2 (March 1998): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2654778.

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Humardhiana, Ana, and Yayah Nur Hidayah. "Confronting Subtle Sexism in An Indonesian EFL Textbook." ELT Echo : The Journal of English Language Teaching in Foreign Language Context 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/eltecho.v5i2.7386.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Subtle sexism"

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Carroll, Whitney E. "Perceptions of Subtle Sexism in the Higher Education Workplace." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/587038.

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Educational Leadership
Ed.D.
The purpose of this study was to determine how higher education administrators, faculty, and staff are able to identify subtle sexism, and indicate how they perceive it in the higher education workplace. Past research has also shown micro-aggressions lead to hostility and uncertainty in the workplace (Swim et al., 1995, 1997; Tougas et al., 1995). The design of this study does not allow for casual inference but data from the pilot study indicate that contemporary sexism in the workplace impacts men, women, and the LGBTQ community.This was a mixed methods study that included a survey and one-on-one interviews. There were a total of 232 participants and 12 one-on-one interviews. The majority of participants were heterosexual, white women. Three new measures of sexism were identified during data analysis: attitudes and behaviors of sexism (Historic Sexism Scale and Contemporary Sexism Scale) and identifying cases of subtle sexism (“man to woman” cases across the five scenarios on the Gender Neutral Sexism Scenarios). Quantitative results indicated that women identified more instances of sexism than men. Overall, participants did not strongly identify instances of subtle sexism. Additional research is needed to determine the results. Interview participants indicated that trainings and professional development regarding appropriate behavior and language in the workplace are needed in order for employees to understand and recognize subtle sexism.
Temple University--Theses
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Ashcraft, Audrey Marie. "Experiences of Subtle Sexism Among Women Employees in the National Park Service." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7588.

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Although blatant sexism persists in the workplace, there is a subtler type of sexism that is not often discussed. Some of the harmful outcomes that concern organization employees and leaders include decreased job satisfaction and morale, increased stress and turnover, damaged workplace relationships, barriers to career development for women, and decreased feelings of safety in law enforcement employees. Subtle sexism is often disguised as friendliness or chivalry, and therefore is difficult to detect, so it is often ignored or trivialized. The harms are cumulative and compound over time. The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological study was to gather data about how women experience subtle forms of sexism in the National Park Service (NPS) workplace. Semistructured telephone interviews assisted with the gathering of data from 12 women employed by the NPS. Feminist theory and critical theory guided the research process. Moustakas’s phenomenological method was used as an approach to data analysis. The findings that emerged included: (a) impacts on workplace culture, (b) harmful effects on individuals, (c) coping with subtle sexism, (d) organizational impacts, and (e) organizational change. The study promotes positive social change by providing a more nuanced understanding of how women experience and perceive subtle sexism. The results could help organizations to find more effective ways of dealing with this type of sexist behavior and decrease the negative outcomes.
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Stout, Jane Gage. "When he doesn't mean you gender-exclusive language as a form of subtle ostracism /." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/250/.

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Hall, Katherine. ""THEY BELIEVE THAT BECAUSE THEY ARE WOMEN, IT SHOULD BE EASIER FOR THEM." SUBTLE AND OVERT SEXISM TOWARD WOMEN IN STEM FROM SOCIAL MEDIA COMMENTARY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4160.

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This study implemented a social media based content analysis to examine the subjective experiences and the current public perceptions of sexism in STEM fields. Participants included men and women who a) identified as either in STEM or not identified as in STEM and b) commented through Facebook on HuffPost Women articles about women in STEM. The analysis indicated that sexism remains an issue for women in STEM careers. Women in STEM identified several gender-based challenges that they have experienced; some participants discussed how they handled those challenges. Men both in and not in STEM were less likely to acknowledge and more likely to deny that sexism was a problem for women in STEM than were women participants. Though findings showed a high rate of supportive commentary from women, they also showed a substantial number of male commenters displaying overt sexism. The analysis helped identify a new form of sexism to the literature on subtle sexism: Threat to Masculinity. More specifically, both men and women were found to display overt sexism to men who supported women by utilizing gender based stereotypes to validate their claims and police gender roles. Findings from this study support the literature suggesting that sexism remains an issue that needs to be addressed; the analysis begins to build a theory about how such sexism is portrayed through social media commentary as an important arena of social and cultural debate. Current policies aimed at ending sexism/discrimination should be expanded to support and encourage women’s participation in STEM careers.
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McMahon, Jean Marie. "Benevolent Racism? : The Impact of Race and Sexual Subtype on Ambivalent Sexism." PDXScholar, 2014. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1971.

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How does a woman's race influence perceptions of her sexual behavior? This study investigated how race and sexual behavior intersect within an ambivalent sexism framework. Benevolent sexism characterizes women as pure and defenseless, which contrasts with the cultural stereotype of Black women as aggressive and hypersexual. Gender and racial stereotypes may combine to produce different outcomes for women who behave according to negative (promiscuous) or positive (chaste) sexual subtypes. According to shifting standards theory, evaluations and treatment of these women should vary depending on whether the measured behavior is non-zero sum (limitless) or zero sum (finite). To test this hypothesis, participants read about a chaste or promiscuous Black or White woman and reported their hostile and benevolent attitudes about her (non-zero sum) and whether she should be picked to represent an organization that supports women of her sexual subtype (zero sum.) Results suggest, consistent with shifting standards, that more benevolent sexism was expressed to a chaste Black, rather than White, woman. However, the Black woman did not receive more positive trait evaluations or experience an advantage on the zero sum outcome. Minority women who conform to benevolent sexism ideals may be highly praised (non-zero sum reward) but are not given tangible rewards (zero sum reward) for their behavior. This pattern of treatment perpetuates discrimination against Black women within society.
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Doray, Bernard. "Le lien, le corps, la mémoire : propositions pour une reprise actuelle du legs freudien." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1014.

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Cette thèse est constituée d'un prologue, de 15 chapitres organisés en 3 parties et d'une conclusion. Le prologue propose une réflexion sur un ensemble de concepts concernant la mémoire, l'autoréférence et les idéalités qui sera reprise dans divers champs d'investigation par la suite. La première partie, concerne "quatre études sur la clinique du lien soicial", à savoir : sur les rapports de genre ("la politique des sexes"), et la domination masculine. Il s'agit d'une approche théorique faisant appel à plusieurs disciplines. Les résultats d'une enquête psychosociale en milieu de travail sont également présentés ainsi que, en contrepoint, un cas clinique relevant de la psychophathologie du "paternalisme ordinaire". . .
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Lane, Angela D. "Evaluation of hostile sexual harassment in the workplace : the impact of female sexual subtype and hostile sexism /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51552.

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Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Psychology.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-47). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR51552
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Books on the topic "Subtle sexism"

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Benokraitis, Nijole V. Modern sexism: Blatant, subtle, and covert discrimination. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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R, Feagin Joe, ed. Modern sexism: Blatant, subtle, and covert discrimination. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1995.

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Benokraitis, Nijole V. Modernsexism: Blatant, subtle and covert discrimination. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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Orelus, Pierre W. Unpacking maleness, unmasking subtle racism: The deconstruction of the historical misrepresentation of black masculinity. New York: Peter Lang, 2010.

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Otoko wa kaseijin onna wa kinseijin: Subete no nayami o kaiketsusuru renai sōdan Q&A = Men are from Mars, wemen are from Venus. Tōkyō: Sōnī Magajinzu, 2003.

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Subtle Sexism: Current Practice and Prospects for Change. Sage Publications, Inc, 1997.

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V, Benokraitis Nijole, ed. Subtle sexism: Current practice and prospects for change. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1997.

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Benokraitis, Nijole V. Subtle Sexism: Current Practice and Prospects for Change. Sage Publications, Inc, 1997.

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Benokraitis, Nijole V., and Joe R. Feagin. Modern Sexism: Blatant, Subtle, and Covert Discrimination (2nd Edition). 2nd ed. Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Benokraitis, Nijole V., and Joe R. Feagin. Modern Sexism: Blatant, Subtle, and Covert Discrimination (2nd Edition). Prentice Hall, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Subtle sexism"

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Kende, Anna, and Nurit Shnabel. "Benevolent Sexism and Cross-Gender Helping: A Subtle Reinforcement of Existing Gender Relations." In Intergroup Helping, 23–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53026-0_2.

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Stacey, Judith. "20. Sexism by a Subtler Name?: Postindustrial Conditions and Postfeminist Consciousness in the Silicon Valley." In Gendered Domains, edited by Dorothy O. Helly and Susan M. Reverby, 322–38. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501720741-024.

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Vescio, Theresa K., and Natasza Kosakowska-Berezecka. "The Not So Subtle and Status Quo Maintaining Nature of Everyday Sexism." In The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women, 205–20. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108561716.019.

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Murray, Terri. "Unexpected Heroes of Feminist Cinema." In Studying Feminist Film Theory, 97–131. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325802.003.0005.

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This chapter challenges critics' readings of films as ‘sexist’, looking at two illustrative examples: Paul Verhoeven and Spike Lee. Paul Verhoeven's Basic Instinct (1992) was widely regarded as misogynistic and ‘lesbophobic’. Basic Instinct is a neo-noir film that scandalously refuses to conform to the patriarchal rule of ‘compensating moral values’. Moreover, its visual pleasures are deliberately constructed against the grain of male voyeuristic pleasures and offer women (especially lesbian women) a rare opportunity to dissect and ridicule male sexism, homophobia, and voyeuristic power. Verhoeven's Elle (2016) is a much more subtle and complex critique of how women's self-image is ‘mediated’ by patriarchal culture, and the film makes explicit or oblique references to tabloid journalism, the gaming industry, and religion in the construction of a total culture that presents women as ‘others’ not only to men but also to themselves. Meanwhile, Spike Lee has been a frequent target for the ‘sexist’ label. The chapter argues that this is unfair, given Lee's relatively frequent attempts to make films about female sexual empowerment (or the causes of female sexual disempowerment). The three examples of She's Gotta Have It (1986), She Hate Me (2004), and BlacKkKlansman (2018) suggest that Lee has in various ways attempted to represent females as empowered sexual agents, and to address social double standards erected by men to possess women through the possession of their bodies.
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Conn, Steven. "It’s a White Man’s World." In Nothing Succeeds Like Failure, 119–54. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501742071.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the question of who has, or has not, gotten access to business education. Periodically, at almost regular intervals, a study appears documenting that women and people of color remain woefully underrepresented in the corporate world, particularly in its upper echelons. Those numbers have not gone unnoticed, nor have they gone unremarked; explanations abound. The first most obvious of these is that the isms—sexism and racism—still predominate in the business world. Those attitudes play out in all sorts of ways, large and small, obvious and subtle, but all with the same result: women and African Americans continue to find corporate America a largely inhospitable place, a club largely closed to them. There has been less discussion, however, about the role business schools have and have not played in training women and people of color for the business world. As the chapter explores, business schools, certainly across much of the twentieth century, cared little and mostly did less to attract those kinds of students. By and large, the world inside collegiate business schools mirrored the world of private enterprise: almost entirely white, almost exclusively male.
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Cote, Amanda C. "Girly Games and Girl Gamers." In Gaming Sexism, 86–110. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479838523.003.0004.

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Where chapter 2 focused on overt sexism, this chapter explores the subtler, but equally damaging, impacts of inferential sexism, or factors that appear to be nondiscriminatory but rest on limiting assumptions about gender and gender relations. The chapter finds that participants feel misunderstood by the gaming industry, which offers women infantilizing or stereotypical “girly games” rather than crafting interesting games for adult women. It also finds that women often face surprised reactions to their presence in gaming spaces or assumptions that they game to meet men. Like overt harassment, this makes female gamers feel abnormal or out of place and serves to preserve gaming’s existing hegemony, limiting women’s ability to affect game culture. Furthermore, this chapter reveals that the rise of casual games has complicated this situation rather than improved it. In this way, this chapter both addresses new aspects of women’s experiences in masculinized spaces and provides insight into the casualized era’s ongoing trials.
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"Sexist Humor in the Workplace: A Case of Subtle Harassment." In Insidious Workplace Behavior, 203–34. Routledge, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203849439-15.

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Bommarito, Nicolas. "Flesh and Bones." In Seeing Clearly, 180–90. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887506.003.0024.

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This chapter discusses how many techniques in Buddhism involve reflecting in detail on physical bodies, both an individual’s own and those of others. These techniques typically emphasize the disgusting and repulsive aspects of each part of the human body. They also reveal ways in which the individual relates to their own body and subtle ways they are attracted to or repulsed by those of others. In traditional sources, women's bodies in particular are singled out for reflection and represented as impure and undesirable. As modern readers, this is one place where people are forced to consider the context of canonical Buddhist texts: Many were written by and for celibate monks in a cultural context where heterosexuality was assumed as the norm and women's status in society was far from equal to men's. There is no denying that today, such practices as written reinforce harmful body image norms and sexist attitudes. However, rather than pretending that such texts and practices do not exist, we are better off thinking about the underlying purpose of such reflections. This allows us to face up to uncomfortable historical facts while also illuminating how such practices might be adapted to be relevant in our own circumstances.
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Aparecida Capellini, Simone, Larissa Sellin, Ilaria D’Angelo, Noemi Del Bianco, Catia Giaconi, and Giseli Donadon Germano. "Visual-Motor Perception and Handwriting Performance of Students with Mixed Subtype Dyslexia." In Dyslexia. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93626.

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This studyaimed to characterize and compare the visual-motor perception and handwriting performance of students with mixed dyslexia and students with good academic performance. Twenty-six schoolchildren of both sexes participated in this study, aged 9 to 11 years and 11 months old, from fourth and fifth grades of an elementary school in municipal public schools, from an average socioeconomic level, divided into two groups: Group I (GI) composed of 13 students with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of mixed developmental dyslexia and Group II (GII) composed of 13 students with good academic performance from a municipal school and matched according to gender, education, and age to GI. All students in this study were subjected to the application of the following procedures: Developmental Test of Visual Perception III—DTVP-III, Dysgraphia Scale and writing analysis by NeuroScript MovAlyzeR 6.1 software. The results were analyzed statistically using the following tests: Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test, aiming to verify intragroup and intergroup differences for the variables of interest in the DTVP-III, the Dysgraphia Scale, and the measures of handwriting speed and pressure by the MovAlyzeR software. The results were analyzed statistically at a significance level of 5% (0.050). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between GI and GII in the parameters of the Dysgraphia Scale, floating lines, irregular spaces between words, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities. GII showed a superior performance in relation to GI in the variables analyzed with the DTVP-III in visual-motor integration, reduced motricity perception, and general visual perception. There was no statistically significant difference between GI and GII in the variables analyzed by the MovAlyzeR software. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that students with mixed dyslexia present a lower performance profile than the students with good academic performance in general visual perception, reduced motricity visual perception, and visual-motor perception skills, which may be the cause of the quality of dysgraphic writing characterized by floating lines, irregular spaces, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities.
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Dennett, Adam, and John Stillwell. "Internal Migration Patterns by Age and Sex at the Start of the 21st Century." In Technologies for Migration and Commuting Analysis, 153–74. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-755-8.ch008.

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Moving home is an event that most people experience at some stage in their lives. Previous research has shown that while men and women tend to have similar rates of migration overall, significant variations occur according to age. In this chapter, the authors examine these demographic influences on migration for internal migration in Britain using data from the 2001 Census Special Migration Statistics at district scale. The analysis of migrations rates reveals some subtle differences between males and females by age but spatial patterns of net migration for both sexes emphasise that losses for London and provincial urban centres and gains in rural Britain vary significantly by age. The chapter uses a national area classification framework to summarise the patterns of net migration taking place in the year before the 2001 Census at district scale and the latter part of the chapter explores indices of population stability – turnover and churn – that provide alternative insights into migration patterns across the country, particularly when disaggregated by age. These measures of migration are important because it is apparent that some areas that exhibit relatively low net rates of movement, actually have large numbers of migrants moving within their boundaries as well as inflows from and outflows to other areas – movements which clearly impact on the stability of their populations and have policy implications.
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Reports on the topic "Subtle sexism"

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McMahon, Jean. Benevolent Racism? : The Impact of Race and Sexual Subtype on Ambivalent Sexism. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1970.

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