Journal articles: 'Suburabn Sprawl'

1

&NA;. "Suburban sprawl." Nursing 34, no. 12 (December 2004): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200412000-00043.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mantey, Dorota, and Wojciech Pokojski. "New Indicators of Spatial Chaos in the Context of the Need for Retrofitting Suburbs." Land 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080276.

Full text

Abstract:

The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of spatial chaos in the suburban areas of Polish cities, which, due to uncontrolled scattering of buildings (urban sprawl), require urgent retrofitting. These activities should contribute to the gradual densification of buildings and the more frequent functioning of suburbanites in the local environment, close to the place of residence. The authors claim that the retrofitting of suburbs can be accomplished by impacting two dimensions of spatial chaos: limited pedestrian mobility around the place of residence (walkability) and low access to basic services. The article proposes a set of ten indicators and a synthetic index of spatial chaos that allow measuring the level of disorder in particular suburbs, and therefore on a smaller scale than a municipality, and at the same time refer to the features of the living environment typical of Polish suburbs. These indicators are a direct reference to the abovementioned dimensions of suburban spatial chaos and allow to estimate the degree of compactness of suburban settlements in its functional aspect. The research proved that the more sprawl-like features, the higher the level of spatial disorder.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Surya, Batara, Agus Salim, Hernita Hernita, Seri Suriani, Firman Menne, and Emil Salim Rasyidi. "Land Use Change, Urban Agglomeration, and Urban Sprawl: A Sustainable Development Perspective of Makassar City, Indonesia." Land 10, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060556.

Full text

Abstract:

Urbanization towards the expansion of the city area causes urban sprawl and changes in space use. Furthermore, urban agglomeration towards urban spatial integration causes a decrease in environmental quality. This study aims to analyze (1) land-use change and urban sprawl work as determinants of environmental quality degradation in suburban areas. (2) The effect of urban sprawl, urban agglomeration, land-use change, urban activity systems, and transportation systems on environmental quality degradation in suburban areas. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches is used sequentially in this study. Data obtained through observation, surveys, and documentation. The results showed that the expansion of the Makassar City area to the suburbs had an impact on spatial dynamics, spatial segregation, and environmental degradation. Furthermore, urban sprawl, land-use change, urban agglomeration, activity systems, and transportation systems have a positive correlation to environmental quality degradation with a determination coefficient of 85.9%. This study recommends the handling of urban sprawl, land-use change, and urban agglomeration to be considered in the formulation of development policies towards the sustainability of natural resources and the environment of Makassar City, Indonesia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Christiawan, Putu Indra. "Tipe Urban Sprawl dan Eksistensi Pertanian di Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Denpasar." Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.7.2.79-89.

Full text

Abstract:

Denpasar City as the capital of Bali Province is attractive to regional development. The limited space of Denpasar City directs the development towards the periphery. The extension of physical urban form will be a significant factor of suburban developments. The study aims to examine the type of urban sprawl development in the Denpasar suburbs, and their relation to the existence of agriculture. The qualitative research method is used to analyze the type of urban sprawl with the following indicators of typical land uses covering rice fields, forest park, open land, and settlements. Remote sensing analysis of these four indicators applies GIS model drawn from three time-series data of 2005, 2010 and 2015. Spatial approaches are applied to examine the patterns and structures of urban sprawl types. The results find two main types of urban sprawl development in the city suburbs, that is, leapfrog type which is mostly scattered in the north, and the ribbon type mainly centered in the eastern part of Denpasar City. Both types of urban sprawl play a crucial role in decreasing the amount of agricultural land, especially rice fields, in the suburbs of Denpasar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Trudeau, Dan. "Sustaining Suburbia through New Urbanism: Toward Growing, Green, and Just Suburbs?" Urban Planning 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v3i4.1660.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the governance dynamics surrounding the development of sustainable neighborhoods in United States metropolitan contexts characterized as suburban sprawl. Drawing on original case study research of three distinct applications of New Urbanism design principles, the article argues for understanding the relative power of municipal authorities to incorporate social justice imperatives into the practice of sustainable development in suburban contexts. Moreover, key to prioritizing social imperatives is the way in which development processes respond to the “suburban ideal”, which is a view of suburbs as an exclusive bourgeois utopia that constrains the ability to connect so-called sustainable development with social justice. Case study research shows how deference to the suburban ideal limits sustainable development to embracing growth and greening interests only and peripheralizing or denying social justice. The article discusses how sustainable development endeavors can address such constraints in the effort to create alternatives to suburban sprawl that integrate the pursuit of social justice with environmental protection and economic growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Keating, W. Dennis, and Thomas Bier. "Greater cleveland's first suburbs consortium: Fighting sprawl and Suburban decline." Housing Policy Debate 19, no. 3 (January 2008): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511482.2008.9521643.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Perdue, Wendy C., Lawrence O. Gostin, and Lesley A. Stone. "Public Health and the Built Environment: Historical, Empirical, and Theoretical Foundations for an Expanded Role." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, no. 4 (2003): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00123.x.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2000, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Environmental Health issued a report that explored some of the ways in which “sprawl” impacts public health. The report has generated great interest, and state health officials are beginning to discuss the relationship between land use and public health. The CDC report has also produced a backlash. For example, the Southern California Building Industry Association labeled the report “a ludicrous sham” and argued that the CDC should stick to “fighting physical diseases, not defending political ones.”In retrospect, it is probably unfortunate that this report was funded by an organization called “Sprawl Watch.” “Spraw” is a word that has no clear meaning but is applied to a huge range of issues involving suburban development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Soni (Govindjee), Urmila. "Government Intervention and Suburban Sprawl." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (March 19, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5853.

Full text

Abstract:

The writer is of the opinion that government intervention is the probable cause of suburban sprawl in American cities. Two types of sprawl are discussed, namely, sprawl which results due to to the creation of suburbs and sprawl arising from the inability to be mobile without the use of one's personal transport. The writer makes use of comparative tables and statistics to add credibility to the findings. The school system, the creation of highways, making jay-walking a crime and the legal obligation to provide huge parking lots for shopping centres are some of the unusual reasons why there has been excessive sprawl in American cities. Solutions are suggested to counter government intervention. Although the study is USA based, book could have universal appeal. However, as acknowledged by the writer, the cost that will have to be incurrred, may be a barrier.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jaret, Charles, Ravi Ghadge, Lesley Williams Reid, and Robert M. Adelman. "The Measurement of Suburban Sprawl: An Evaluation." City & Community 8, no. 1 (March 2009): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01270.x.

Full text

Abstract:

We review and analyze how suburban sprawl has been conceptualized and measured in recent urban research. We find that indexes created to measure sprawl in metropolitan areas do so in three different ways. Some measures are based on residential population density, others specifically measure the extent of job or employment sprawl, and others consider sprawl a multidimensional land use phenomenon (and provide separate indexes for each dimension). Our analyses show that (1) most residential population density indexes reflect other dimensions of sprawl; (2) it is useful to think of metropolitan areas as positioned on two distinct dimensions of sprawl (i.e., centeredness and density–mixed land use); and (3) job sprawl and residential sprawl vary independently from each other. We provide recommendations regarding which sprawl measures are most appropriate for research applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Slaev, Aleksandar, and Ivan Nikiforov. "Factors of urban sprawl in Bulgaria." Spatium, no. 29 (2013): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1329022s.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban sprawl has become a topical urban issue first in North America and later in Western Europe. It turned into a major challenge to urban sustainability. However, sprawl in Western Europe has displayed many specific features different than that in North America and these features are related to the concrete circumstances in the two continents. The social, economic and urban situation in the new European democracies is also quite different and this inevitably has its impact on the forms of sprawl. One of the main characteristics of sprawl is that it is considered to be market-led. More precisely, a major factor is the lack of balance between market trends and planning policy that allows for the market players to determine the use of their plots in suburban locations with little reference to the public interests and issues of sustainability. As the countries in Eastern and South-eastern Europe have already made certain progress on their way to market society, the problems of sprawl were faced in these countries too. The goal of the paper is to apply widely accepted definitions of sprawl to the processes in the suburbs of Sofia and, thus, to assess whether these are processes of sprawl. It also aims to study the specific traditions and residential preferences of Sofia?s population in order to identify specific characteristics and aspects of the Bulgarian model. The findings of the paper confirm that Bulgaria?s capital Sofia is experiencing processes of urban sprawl, particularly in its southern suburban areas - in the foot of Vitosha Mountain. Next, these processes display strong regional characteristics. So far sprawl in Bulgaria is less intensive than that in Western Europe but also than that in the post-socialist countries in Central Europe and in Baltic states. Eventually, the urban forms of Bulgarian sprawl tend to be denser and with mix of single-family and multi-family residential types and mix of land uses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Trudeau, Dan. "Tracing New Urbanism’s Suburban Intervention in Minneapolis–St. Paul." Journal of Planning Education and Research 38, no. 1 (October 6, 2016): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x16671996.

Full text

Abstract:

New Urbanism (NU) is an urban planning movement that aims to curtail suburban sprawl. Critics argue that NU actually contributes to sprawl. However, such claims overlook the diverse ways in which NU is implemented. This article contributes to the study of suburban development by examining two different types of NU projects in suburban Minneapolis–St. Paul and comparing these with a control case. Using surveys of the projects’ built environments and residents’ travel behavior and attitudes toward neighbors, the article finds that the NU projects break away from the physical and functional dimensions of sprawl, yet reproduce the social dimensions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Friedman, Avi. "Farming in Suburbia." Open House International 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2007-b0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Once considered the ‘last frontier’, post World War II perception of a limitless North American landscape directed development into country lands. Even an apparently boundless landscape, however, had a limit. This became increasingly clear in the second half of the 20th century as suburban sprawl covered over once-fertile agricultural lands. Ecological, environmental, and social relations were negatively affected by the new residential planning pattern. Yet, positive changes can still be brought about, especially in the suburbs that border cultivated areas. This paper outlines the processes necessary for the development of sustainable suburban agriculture that can be integrated into new communities. The concepts demonstrated here can reunite ecological, economical, and social factors, which are demonstrated in a "real" project design by a team headed by the author that supports farming in a suburban Montreal, Canada, setting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Caruso, Valerio. "Suburban Environment. East Naples Historical Transformations and Sustainability." Global Environment 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 338–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2020.130205.

Full text

Abstract:

This article retraces the late modern and contemporary history of East Naples through its environmental transformations. By the end of the eighteenth century, this marshy rural/suburban area hosted small urban agglomerations and many proto-industrial activities, deeply intertwined with agricultural production. During the nineteenth century, the area experienced its deepest transformations as a result of the three parallel processes of drainage, urbanisation and industrialisation. On the threshold of the twentieth century, East Naples became an industrial suburb, home to an uncontrollable residential sprawl interspersed with factories. This inchoate suburban mix has determined the area's unsustainability, leading to those hygienic deficits, environmental risks and economic and social complications that have plagued it to this day.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Aprildahani, Baiq Rindang, Abdul Wahid Hasyim, and Turniningtyas Ayu Rachmawati. "Motivasi Petani Mempertahankan Lahan Pertanian di Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Malang (Studi Kasus Kawasan Perkotaan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang)." Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning 1, no. 3 (February 23, 2018): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jp2wd.2017.1.3.258-269.

Full text

Abstract:

The needs for space to support urban activities causes the expansion of urban regions in Malang. Urban activities started moving spread from the city center to suburban areas (urban sprawl). Kawasan Perkotaan Karangploso (KPK), Kabupaten Malang is one of the suburban areas. Urban sprawl is conversion of agricultural land in the suburbs. Find out about the character of farmers and set up positive mental are step that must be taken to preserve agricultural land. This study determines the influence of agricultural social, environmental, economic and policy on the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land. The research uses statistical methods which is structural equation modeling (SEM) type of partial least square (PLS). Based on the analysis of PLS, the policy and social variables influence the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land in KPK. Farmers motivation to preserve agricultural land will be high if policy and social variables in good condition. If the goal is increasing the farmer motivation to preserve agricultural land, the improvement of policy and social variables should be heed and priority, especially if there is constraint in terms of cost or time. Meanwhile, the economic and environmental variables can be calculates thereafte

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Barone, Dennis. "Machines are Us: Joseph Papaleo and the Literature of Sprawl." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 42, no. 1 (March 2008): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458580804200106.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay examines the work of Italian American fiction writer Joseph Papaleo in the context of suburbanization, globalization, and ethnic heritage and identity. In doing so I demonstrate that Papaleo's fiction provides understanding of how Italian Americans have looked at Italy as they experienced the alienation of a consumer culture. Papaleo's fiction presents a mixed nostalgia for what Italy represents and recognition that it, too, like the United States, confronts continuous auto-dependent sprawl. Papaleo adds a suburban focus to the more frequently urban-centered literature of Italian Americans and he adds an ethic perspective to the predominantly Anglo American literature of the suburbs. His 1970 novel Out of Place depicts a materially successful Italian American, Gene Santoro, who cannot fill a deeper spiritual need in either the United States or Italy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kareiva, P. "Managing suburban sprawl with biodiversity data." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 16, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02210-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Gouda, Amr Ah, Maryamsadat Hosseini, and Houshmand E. Masoumi. "The Status of Urban and Suburban Sprawl in Egypt and Iran." GeoScape 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geosc-2016-0001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The circumstances of urban sprawl in the Middle Eastern cities have been basically examined; now we are aware of the existence of a crawling sprawl in the growth pattern of the region’s cities. Nevertheless, the extent and the causes of this phenomenon have not yet been clearly explained. Thus, two questions are still unanswered: (1) to what extent are the Middle Eastern cities sprawled?, (2) what are the main drivers of sprawl in the Middle East? This paper brings together several evidences from international and the national languages to provide explanation to the above. The findings show that urban and suburban sprawl is an inclusive pattern seen in a wide variety of city sizes, planning concepts, times, etc. Sprawl is not limited to large metropolitan areas; mid-sized and small cities of the region are also sprawling. Furthermore, administrative and planning reasons are the strongest causes of urban sprawl in the region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Dinic-Brankovic, Milena, Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic, Jelena Djekic, and Petar Mitkovic. "Post-socialist suburbanization and sprawl development patterns - Nis case study." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (2016): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace1603355d.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the characteristic forms of suburban development in the second half of the 20th century is urban sprawl. Various authors state that sprawl characterizes the urban development of both capitalist and former socialist cities. The cities of Central and Eastern Europe, however, remained compact during the entire period of socialism, and did not begin dispersed development until the 90?s. The goal of this paper is to examine the spatial-functional characteristics of the capitalist sprawl model and determine similarities and differences to the post-socialist suburban development patterns. A typical sprawling settlement of the capitalist city is presented in this paper: Platte Ridge neighborhood in the metropolitan area of Kansas City, Missouri, USA. Then two suburban segments of the City of Nis, Serbia from the post-socialist period are analyzed, which represent typical cases of the residential and retail decentralization: Podvinik/Vinik residential zone beyond the urban boundary, and a retail center at the periphery of the city in Duvaniste neighborhood. The paper points out to problems that urban design of capitalist sprawl produces in the usage of space in the post-socialist city.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Heitz, Adeline, Laetitia Dablanc, and Lorant A. Tavasszy. "Logistics sprawl in monocentric and polycentric metropolitan areas: the cases of Paris, France, and the Randstad, the Netherlands." REGION 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v4i1.158.

Full text

Abstract:

The phenomenon of urban sprawl has been studied extensively. Most research so far has focused on residential settlements. A growing number of studies have addressed industrial deconcentration. Our focus in this paper is on logistics sprawl, i.e. the growth and suburban relocation of warehousing activities. Specifically, we investigate the difference in logistics sprawl between monocentric and polycentric systems of cities. The literature suggests that logistics activities, like residential settlements, will gradually move to suburbs as land prices increase in central areas. As research for logistics has mostly focused on monocentric systems, the question is whether this also applies to polycentric systems. We compare two cases, the Paris region in France, representative of a monocentric development, and the Dutch Randstad area as a polycentric case. We use regional statistics on warehouse settlements in both regions for a descriptive analysis of changes since the mid 2000s to derive metrics for concentration. The cases show different patterns of change in concentration. In contrast to Paris, logistics activities within the Randstad have intensified in dense areas. We explore the reasons that may explain this difference and conclude that urban structure, spatial planning policies and the freight hub quality of a region are factors of influence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sturm, R., and D. A. Cohen. "Suburban sprawl and physical and mental health." Public Health 118, no. 7 (October 2004): 488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2004.02.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Savitch, H. V. "How Suburban Sprawl Shapes Human Well-Being." Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 80, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 590–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jurban/jtg066.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Zévl, Jiří-Jakub, and Martin Ouředníček. "Measuring the morphology of suburban settlements: Scale-dependent ambiguities of residential density development in the Prague Urban Region." Moravian Geographical Reports 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2021-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The academic debate on methodological approaches to the measurement of urban sprawl, particularly its most cited dimension, the density of residential settlement, is discussed in this article. The methodology of point pattern analysis, and its benefits in comparison to land-use data analysis, especially for researching the morphology of residential development, is examined. This empirical study was conducted in the hinterland of Prague and is based on point data from 2007, 2010 and 2016. The paper contributes to the scholarly discussion of suburbanisation in Central and Eastern European countries, including the morphology of suburban development. The role of scale is also emphasised, given our observation of two ambiguous means of development, namely spatial dispersion at the regional scale and increasing density at the local scale. The findings support claims regarding the crucial role of micro-scale research in understanding suburban form. The largest Czech suburb of Jesenice serves as a case study, where the morphology of built-up areas is analysed in the local context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Ebrahimpour-Masoumi, Houshmand. "Urban sprawl in Iranian cities and its differences with the western sprawl." Spatium, no. 27 (2012): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1227012e.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently a number of studies have focused on urban sprawl in the Iranian cities and the negative impacts of such development pattern. Although in a general view the phrase ?urban sprawl? is used for fast and sometimes uncontrolled urbanizations, but there are dissimilarities between the urban sprawl in the western societies with the so-called Iranian urban sprawl. This paper discusses these differences as part of five main aspects that are mentioned in the internationally recognized urban sprawl definitions. Suburban sprawl, single-use developments/zoning, disconnected street network, low accessibility of the new developments, and commercial strip development are the aspects that are descriptively discussed as the main differences between the two types of sprawl. The main point of the discussion is that due to the wide range of similarities, which are briefly introduced, the type of the fast outward urban growth that is observed in the periphery of the Iranian cities can be defined as a part of the universal urban sprawl trend. Finally a definition is suggested for explaining urban sprawl in Iran.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Bento, Antonio M., Sofia F. Franco, and Daniel Kaffine. "Welfare Effects of Anti-Sprawl Policies in the Presence of Urban Decline." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 3 (December 2011): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002884.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper extends first-best analysis of anti-sprawl policies, such as development taxes, and examines the welfare effects of development taxes in the presence of urban decline at the city core. We find that anti-sprawl policies generate several important feedbacks within the urban system, generating additional welfare gains and affecting the level of urban decline and suburban sprawl. Further, the optimal development tax exceeds the (first-best) Pigouvian level, irrespective of whether or not revenues are returned lump-sum to all landowners or earmarked for urban decline mitigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Stewart, Eric. "Victorian Sprawl." California History 93, no. 2 (2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2016.93.2.17.

Full text

Abstract:

Beginning in the 1880s, transportation innovations allowed the City of Los Angeles to expand past natural barriers and develop the vast land beyond the city's core. The cable car and the electric trolley aided the expression of a Victorian residential ideal and urban aesthetic imported into Los Angeles from “back East” and the Midwest. Streetcar suburbs, the earliest form of urban flight, emerged on what were then the outer fringes of the city, initiating perpetual sprawl. While the city's massive growth in the 1920s as well as extensive post–World War II suburbanization cannot be ignored, such development has obscured the much earlier origins of sprawl in the historiography. This paper argues that Victorian Los Angeles instituted trends aimed at low-density, outward growth, which the streetcar enabled, Progressive planners reinforced, and which bore many of the drawbacks associated with modern urban sprawl.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Koven, Steven. "Book Review: Suburban Sprawl: Culture, Theory and Politics." American Review of Public Administration 36, no. 4 (December 2006): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074006291679.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hiles, Dustin R., and Janine Schipper. "SCIENCE, PLANNING, AND THE LOGIC OF SUBURBAN SPRAWL." Sociological Spectrum 28, no. 6 (September 30, 2008): 741–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02732170802342990.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Łukomska, Julita, and Jarosław Neneman. "Urban sprawl and the financial standing of municipalities." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 4(102) (2020): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2020.04.102.04.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – Without undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the costs and benefits of the urban sprawl, this article attempts to analyse the impact of this phenomenon on the financial standing of municipalities. Research method – We have primarily used difference-in-differences (DiD) regression analysis with refe-rence to the treatment group (suburban municipalities) and the control group (other municipalities excluding cities with county status). The research was undertaken during the years 2004-2018 and used financial data from the Ministry of Finance. Results – Urban sprawl is a beneficial phenomenon, at least in the short and medium term from the perspective of the financial standing of municipalities (which experience an inflow of new residents). It is clearly evidenced in the revenues of the budgets of suburban municipalities, i.e. an increase in both total and per capita revenues in relation to the control group. The effect of suburbanisation is also visible on the spending side, although, due to the economies of scale, current expenditures grow relatively slower than the number of inhabitants. The operating surplus of the budget per capita is increasing more rapidly in suburban municipalities compared to the control group. The same is true for municipal investment expenditures. Originality /value / implications /recommendations – In reviewing the subject literature, the issue of the impact of urban sprawl on the finances of local government units (LGU) is treated marginally and indirectly, e.g. when discussing the costs of providing local public services. This article aims to present a synthetic and quantitative review of the impact of suburbanisation on the financial position of LGU budgets, comparing the situation of suburban municipalities to other municipalities. Attracting “new” residents is a desirable strategy in the development of municipalities, hence with the current system of financing, LGUs are likely to oppose changes aimed at limiting or controlling the suburbanisation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Nechyba, Thomas J., and Randall P. Walsh. "Urban Sprawl." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330042632681.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors begin with an overview of the causes and consequences of urban sprawl in the twentieth century, focusing in particular on lower transportation costs and self-sorting of the population. By sprawl, we will mean the tendency toward lower city densities as city footprints expand. They next focus on four issues that raise clear efficiency and equity concerns: unproductive congestion on roads, high levels of metropolitan car pollution, the loss of open space amenities, and unequal provision of public goods and services across sprawling metropolitan suburbs that give rise to residential segregation and pockets of poverty. Finally, they consider the trade-offs inherent in some policies commonly proposed to address urban sprawl. Throughout, a main theme of the discussion is that a full analysis of sprawl is made difficult by the lack of a usefully integrated economic model of urban economies. Along these lines, the authors conclude with some thoughts on possible future research agendas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Zhang, Linlin, Guanghui Qiao, Huiling Huang, Yang Chen, and Jiaojiao Luo. "Evaluating Spatiotemporal Distribution of Residential Sprawl and Influencing Factors Based on Multi-Dimensional Measurement and GeoDetector Modelling." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 8619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168619.

Full text

Abstract:

Residential sprawl constitutes a main part of urban sprawl which poses a threat to the inhabitant environment and public health. The purpose of this article is to measure the residential sprawl at a micro-scale using a case study of Hangzhou city. An integrated sprawl index on each 1 km × 1 km residential land cell was calculated based on multi-dimensional indices of morphology, population density, land-use composition, and accessibility, followed by a dynamic assessment of residential sprawl. Furthermore, the method of GeoDetector modeling was applied to investigate the potential effects of location, urbanization, land market, and planning policy on the spatial variation of residential sprawl. The results revealed a positive correlation between CO2 emissions and residential sprawl in Hangzhou. There has been a remarkable increase of sprawl index on residential land cells across the inner suburb and outer suburb, and more than three-fifths of the residential growth during 2000–2010 were evaluated as dynamic sprawl. The rapid development of the land market and urbanization were noted to impact the spatiotemporal distribution of residential sprawl, as q-statistic values of population growth and land price ranked highest. Most notably, the increasing q-statistic values of urban planning and its significant interactions with other factors highlighted the effects of incremental planning policies. The study derived the policy implication that it is necessary to transform the traditional theory and methods of incremental planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Lainiala, Lassi, and Venla Berg. "Spatial trends of fertility rates in Finland between 1980 and 2014." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 51 (April 27, 2017): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.63337.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent research has shown that in many Western countries fertility rates are highest in suburban areas and lower in urban and rural areas. Here, we illustrate the changing patterns of spatial fertility in Finland between 1980 and 2014. Fertility in Finland started conforming the high suburban pattern during the 1990’s. This interestingly predates the first large scale urban sprawl (i.e., positive net migration in suburban areas) in the first decade of the 21st century in Finland.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Banai, Reza, Anzhelika Antipova, and Ehsan Momeni. "Mapping the morphology of sprawl and blight: A note on entropy." GeoScape 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2021-0001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The urban expansion from the city center to the suburb and beyond is indicated by Shannon entropy, a robust and versatile measure of sprawl. However, the metropolitan regionwide entropy masks the morphology of land cover and land use consequential to urban expansion within the city-region. To surmount the limitation, we focus on the block-group, which is a US census defined socio-spatial unit that identifies the metropolitan region’s development pattern structurally, forming tracts that comprise neighborhoods. The concentration and dispersion of land use and land cover by block-group reveals a North American metropolitan region’s commonly known but rarely measured spatial structure of its urban and suburban sprawl. We use parcel data from county assessor of property (GIS) and land cover pixel data from the National Land Cover Data (NLCD) to compute block-group land-use and land-cover entropy. The change in block group entropy over a decade indicates whether the city- region’s land use and land cover transition to a concentrated or dispersed pattern. Furthermore, we test a hypothesis that blight correlates with sprawl. Blight and sprawl are among the key factors that plague the metropolitan region. We determine the correlations with household income as well as (block group) distance from the city center. It turns out, blight is among the universally held distance-decay phenomena. The share of the block group’s blighted properties decays (nonlinearly) with distance from the city center. Highlights for public administration, management and planning: • The metropolitan region’s outward growth is highlighted by mapping the changing morphology of the block group within the city-region. • The block group entropy is computed with land use (parcel) and land cover (pixel) data. • The block group entropy change indicates the pattern of the land use and land cover transition with concentration or dispersion. • We test the hypothesis that blight correlates with sprawl with statistical models. • The block group’s blighted properties decrease (nonlinearly) with distance from the city center.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ziegler, Edward H. "American Cities, Suburban Sprawl, and the Threat of Terrorism." Planning & Environmental Law 58, no. 2 (February 2006): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15480755.2006.10394329.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Majewska, Anna, Małgorzata Denis, and Wioleta Krupowicz. "Urbanization Chaos of Suburban Small Cities in Poland: ‘Tetris Development’." Land 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110461.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigates the phenomenon of spatial chaos in Poland resulting from urban sprawl. The phenomenon is particularly visible in the case of suburban small cities which, in contrast to cities in the EU-15 countries with similar populations, are expanding excessively, causing a growth of urbanized areas exceeding several times the growth of their population. Suburbs of these cities increasingly resemble a badly played Tetris game. The selected study area consists of several cities in the Warsaw suburban zone where an increased dynamic of these processes can be observed. The paper presents detailed studies concerning the selected representative small cities. The morphology of urban tissue was studied as a marker of spatial order including: development intensity, street grid, plots parameters, presence of technical infrastructure, and distance from the functional city center. The analyses were performed based on cartographic archives, the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, topographic database and Kernel Density Estimation. ArcGIS ESRI and AutoCad software was used to present the study results. The conducted studies intend to diagnose the changes in the spatial layout in the context of the objectives of spatial order and sustainable development, and to define the indicators which should be taken into account in spatial planning documents drawn up for the studied areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kassab, Maroun G. "Legal Chaos: Sprawl in the Lebanese Suburb." Built Environment 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.41.4.491.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Blumin, Stuart M. "The Center Cannot Hold: Historians and the Suburbs." Journal of Policy History 2, no. 1 (January 1990): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600006874.

Full text

Abstract:

In 1962 Sam Bass Warner, Jr., published an important book about suburbanization in late nineteenth-century Boston. Like most influential books, it was timely in its subject, and Warner's scholarly study might be supposed to have built upon the interest that was being generated by numerous popular analyses of contemporary suburbanization and suburban life in post—World War II America. One can indeed find in Streetcar Suburbs the same fundamental preoccupation with the shallowness of communal life and similar diagnoses of the sprawl of single-family homes in homogeneous and militantly residential areas on the periphery of the city, as one finds in say, William H. Whyte's 1956 critique, The Organization Man.' Yet Warner's book was not part of, and did not initiate, a new genre of historical suburban studies. Instead, it served as one of the essential founding texts of what came to be known as the “new urban history”—a large number of scholarly attempts to examine the character and structure of life at the center of the developing big cities of industrializing America. Not the “crabgrass frontier” but the “urban frontier” defined the territory of historical adventure during the 1960s. The metaphor is not, and was not then, entirely an academic one. In 1961 the new President of the United States had called for a “new frontier” of public initiative, and planner Charles Abrams helped his immediate successor expand and locate that initiative with his book, The City Is the Frontier. Without entirely losing interest in the suburbs, scholars, policymakers, and citizens of various kinds suddenly realized the importance of understanding the city and its history.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Samarüütel, Anna, Siri Steen Selvig, and Arild Holt-Jensen. "Urban sprawl and suburban development around Pärnu and Tallinn, Estonia." Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 64, no. 3 (September 2010): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2010.502653.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wiewel, Wim, Joseph Persky, and Mark Sendzik. "Private Benefits and Public Costs: Policies to Address Suburban Sprawl." Policy Studies Journal 27, no. 1 (February 1999): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1999.tb01956.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Millard, William B. "Suburban sprawl: Where does emergency medicine fit on the map?" Annals of Emergency Medicine 49, no. 1 (January 2007): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.11.021.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Fan, Yingling, and Yan Song. "Is Sprawl Associated with a Widening Urban–Suburban Mortality Gap?" Journal of Urban Health 86, no. 5 (June 17, 2009): 708–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9382-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bučaitė-Vilkė, Jurga, and Joanna Krukowska. "Rethinking Suburban Governance in the CEE Region: A Comparison of Two Municipalities in Poland and Lithuania." Social Inclusion 8, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i4.3365.

Full text

Abstract:

In this article, we seek to analyse and compare the modalities of suburban governance in Polish and Lithuanian municipalities looking at the territorial development trends typical for the Central Eastern Europe region. The theoretical elaborations on suburban governance are evolving towards the analysis of constellations of diverse actors, institutions and processes that define the politics and design of suburban spaces. We assume that there are similarities and differences in suburban governance in the analysed localities compared to Western countries in terms of networks, actors and territorialisation of local politics. Despite both suburban municipalities showing similarities in suburban development patterns (growing middle-class population, economic capital accumulation, suburban sprawl and interconnectedness with the metropolitan zone), the analysis reveals the main differences in terms of composition and importance of horizontal and vertical networks, the role of local stakeholders and collective action. The article concludes that both localities represent a specific approach to suburban governance marked by low stakeholders’ participation, dependence on the top down vertical state and regional networks and the creation of urban-suburban policies within metropolitan areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Burchell, Robert W., and Catherine C. Galley. "Projecting Incidence and Costs of Sprawl in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, no. 1 (January 2003): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-17.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to project historical national development patterns (sprawl, or uncontrolled growth) into the future and measure the impacts of this development compared with a more controlled development future. The costs of sprawl are calculated from 25-year growth projections in which resulting impacts are recorded in each of 3,100 counties nationwide. Unique regional definitions of urban, suburban, rural, and undeveloped counties are formulated according to density and prior levels of development. Then sprawl is defined as significant residential and nonresidential development in rural and undeveloped counties. Sprawl is subsequently controlled both within a region and within a county to contain growth in the most developed portions of each, using the equivalent of urban growth boundaries at the regional level and urban service areas at the county level. A future with and without controls generates the differences in development in particular locations. Differences in counties with respect to land conversion rates, road development requirements, housing unit mix and costs, and public-service availability and costs determine growth impacts under the two scenarios. The difference between the two analyses provides empirical evidence of the likely impact of a future with sprawl as opposed to one in which it is reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Blewett, Christina M., and John M. Marzluff. "Effects of Urban Sprawl on Snags and the Abundance and Productivity of Cavity-Nesting Birds." Condor 107, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.678.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We investigated the occurrence of, and relationships among, snags and cavity-nesting birds in the rapidly urbanizing region around Seattle, Washington in 2001 and 2002. We measured the density of snags in 49 sites (1-km2 “suburban landscapes” that included built and forested portions), and determined the diameter, height, decay status, and species of individual snags. We spot-mapped territories and observed nests of cavity-nesting birds at a stratified, random subsample of 13 sites. Snags, especially red alder (Alnus rubra), were abundant in sites' forested portions, but rare in the built portions. Snag density was positively correlated with density of live trees. Snags in built versus forested portions were similar in all attributes except decay, which was more advanced in forested areas. In the oldest suburbs (60–80 years old), snags in forested portions were larger, more decayed, and more likely to have broken tops than those in younger suburbs (2–20 years old). Cavity-nesting bird species richness and equity of individuals per species was highest in suburban landscapes where remaining forest was not fragmented, but adjacent to highly intermixed urban and urban-forest land covers. Suburban landscapes with highly interspersed land covers had higher densities of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), Red-breasted Nuthatches (Sitta canadensis), Northern Flickers (Colaptes auratus) and Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens); suburban landscapes with higher percentages of forest had higher densities of Brown Creepers (Certhia americana), Chestnut-backed Chickadees (Poecile rufescens), Pileated (Dryocopus pileatus) and Hairy Woodpeckers (Picoides villosus). Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) densities were positively correlated only with the density of snags. All study sites had low bird densities compared to wildlands, presumably due to the relative lack of live trees and snags. Cavity-nesting birds bred successfully in all landscapes; seven of the nine species produced fledglings in >50% of their nesting attempts. Snags important for nesting were larger in diameter, taller, and more decayed than expected based on availability. Snags with active nests also had evidence of previous use, fungal conks, broken tops, and substantial bark. Efectos de la Expansión Urbana sobre la Abundancia y la Productividad de Aves que Nidifican en Cavidades Resumen. Durante el 2001 y 2002, investigamos la presencia de, y la relación entre, troncos muertos y aves que nidifican en cavidades en los alrededores de Seattle (Washington), una región que está urbanizándose rápidamente. Medimos la densidad de troncos en 49 sitios (1-km2 de “paisajes suburbanos” que incluyeron ambientes edificados y bosques) y determinamos el diámetro, altura, estado de descomposición y especie de troncos individuales. Mapeamos los territorios mediante registros puntuales y observamos los nidos de aves que nidifican en cavidades en una sub-muestra estratificada y al azar de 13 sitios. Los troncos, especialmente de Alnus rubra, fueron abundantes en las áreas con bosque, pero raros en las áreas edificadas. La densidad de troncos se correlacionó positivamente con la densidad de árboles vivos. Los troncos de las áreas edificadas y de las áreas con bosque fueron similares en todos sus atributos excepto en su descomposición, que fue más avanzada en los sitios boscosos. En los suburbios más viejos (60–80 años), los troncos en las áreas con bosque fueron más grandes, estuvieron más descompuestos y presentaron mayor probabilidad de tener sus extremos rotos que aquellos presentes en los suburbios más nuevos (2–20 años). La riqueza de especies que nidifican en cavidades y la equitatividad de individuos por especie fueron mayores en los paisajes suburbanos donde el bosque remanente no estaba fragmentado, sino adyacente a coberturas con una gran mezcla de sitios urbanos y sitios en la transición bosque-ciudad. Los paisajes suburbanos con coberturas ampliamente entremezcladas presentaron mayores densidades de Poecile atricapillus, Sitta canadensis, Colaptes auratus y Picoides pubescens; los paisajes suburbanos con porcentajes más altos de bosque presentaron mayores densidades de Certhia americana, Poecile rufescens, Dryocopus pileatus y Picoides villosus. Las densidades de Sphyrapicus ruber sólo se correlacionaron positivamente con la densidad de troncos. Todos los sitios de estudio tuvieron bajas densidades de aves comparados con áreas silvestres, debido presumiblemente a la carencia relativa de árboles vivos y troncos. Las aves que nidifican en cavidades criaron con éxito en todos los paisajes; siete de las nueve especies produjeron volantones en >50% de sus intentos de nidificación. Los troncos importantes para nidificar fueron más grandes en diá metro y altura y estuvieron más descompuestos que lo esperado con relación a su disponibilidad. Los troncos con nidos activos también presentaron evidencias de uso previo, deformaciones producidas por hongos, copas rotas y bastante corteza.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cirtautas, Matas. "CHANGING PERIPHERY OF THE BALTIC CITIES: LITHUANIAN CASE." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 39, no. 1 (April 14, 2015): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2015.1025453.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban sprawl is one of the dominant types of urban development in the world. Although outer growth started from the outset of cities, urban researchers, planners and policy makers are highly concerned about its current extent. Recent development of the Baltic cities and especially trends of their suburban growth have been analysed only partly, because of the relative novelty of the phenomenon and well-established dominance of western cities in the field. This paper attempts to fill this gap and presents a research on conditions and consequences of extensive development of Lithuanian cities. Evidences from the recent growth of the Baltic cities show that decline and sprawl take place simultaneously in major urban regions with possible long-term consequences on their spatial structure. Therefore, this article advocates a need to revise urban policy in the Baltic countries and promote coordinated development of urban and suburban areas in the context of prevailing negative demographic trends and limited capacity of central and local governments to interfere in urban development processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Neneman, Jarosław, and Sylwia Roszkowska. "Czy PIT komunalny może ograniczyć rozlewanie się miast?" Studia BAS 1, no. 65 (2021): 171–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31268/studiabas.2021.10.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, to re-energize discussion on local personal tax, and second, to show how such a tax could curb urban sprawl. The authors start with a short description of the communal tax and its potential links to urban sprawl. In the current system of communities’ financing in Poland, suburban municipalities have a significant incentive to increase the number of inhabitants as the PIT revenues follow their inflow. The authors propose and discuss a simple variant of local PIT called Self-government Tax Rate which is a flat tax on a broadly defined tax base. Contrary to the present system of Polish local government units’ share in progressive PIT, this system is linear, which reduces the gains in PIT revenues from taxpayers in the second tax bracket moving to suburbia. This is the first paper in the relevant literature that investigates the links between communal tax and urban sprawl.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hwang, Hyunjun, Shin-Hyung Cho, Dong-Kyu Kim, and Seung-Young Kho. "Development of a Model for Evaluating the Coverage Area of Transit Center Using Smart Card Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (November 18, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8819791.

Full text

Abstract:

Since metropolitan cities are broadening as a result of urban sprawl, multimodal transportation systems have been adopted to fulfill the connection between the suburban and urban areas. The transportation system is being revamped around the transit center in the urban area to facilitate access to the downtown area from the suburbs. Studies are being conducted to improve the accessibility of public transportation by using the concept of hub-and-spoke. In this study, we develop a coverage area index (CAI) to assess the impact of a transit center on access to urban areas from the suburbs quantitatively. The concept of network centrality and the kernel density function is used to evaluate the extent of the influence of a transit center. The smart card data in the Seoul metropolitan area are used to analyze the CAI. Six transit centers in the Seoul metropolitan area are investigated to compare the coverage area to the transit center. The bandwidth of the kernel density function is set as 2 km considering the size and influence of each region. We evaluate six transit centers using the CAIs in Seoul compared to the index characteristics with transit accessibility (TA) index from previous studies. The CAI is possible to identify the incompetent centers, alternative routes to solve the problems of overcrowding on the centers, and areas with insufficient supplies of regional transit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Willson, Richard W. "Suburban Parking Requirements: A Tacit Policy for Automobile Use and Sprawl." Journal of the American Planning Association 61, no. 1 (March 31, 1995): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369508975617.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lichtenberg, Erik, and Ian Hardie. "Open Space, Forest Conservation, and Urban Sprawl in Maryland Suburban Subdivisions." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 89, no. 5 (December 2007): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01084.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Vandegrift, Donald, and Tommer Yoked. "Obesity rates, income, and suburban sprawl: an analysis of US states." Health & Place 10, no. 3 (September 2004): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2003.09.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Cividino, Sirio, Gianluca Egidi, and Luca Salvati. "Unraveling the (Uneven) Linkage? A Reflection on Population Aging and Suburbanization in a Mediterranean Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2020): 4546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114546.

Full text

Abstract:

A complex interplay between socioeconomic transformations and demographic dynamics has characterized the long-term development of European countries. As a characteristic example of such linkage, the present study focuses on the spatial relationship between metropolitan growth and population age structure. Preferences for urban and suburban locations reflect complex socioeconomic phenomena such as sprawl, class segregation, gentrification and filtering. However, the spatial linkage between sprawl and demographic transitions was relatively poorly analyzed, and should be more extensively investigated in relation with population dynamics and socioeconomic structures at local scale. By reviewing pertinent literature, this study outlines how space exerts a non-neutral impact on population age structures in Europe, shaping housing needs and influencing settlement patterns and processes of urban transformation. While suburban locations have concentrated younger families and larger households in Northern and Western Europe, the socio-demographic composition of new settlements is increasingly dominated by older inhabitants in the Mediterranean region. Results of this work suggest how discontinuous urban expansion was specifically associated with an elder, wealthy population with high standard of living and a preference for specific housing locations such as detached villas with gardens and swimming pools.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Suburabn Sprawl'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles