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1
Babych, O. "Functional nature of the landscape phases of the suburban forest area of Lviv Vynnyky." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 45 (May 20, 2014): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.45.1200.
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Functional components of the landscape units, phases and tracts of the suburban forest area of Lviv Vynnyky were analyzed. Case study of the forest geosystems, such as, for example, the landscape phases, shows the research of biometrical index of the forests which are concentrated specifically in this area. On the drawings of the landscape phases of this specific area the division of the forests, which shows the full picture of their areal division, is shown. Key words: landscape phases, landscape tracts, forest geosystems, suburban forest area of Lviv Vynnyky.
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Kazantsev, Ivan Victorovich, and Tatyana Borisovna Matveeva. "Grade of recreational potential of Samara suburban forests." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873109.
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Authors provide materials in article revealing recreational potential of Samara suburban forests and use S.L. Rysin's technique, which considers a sanitary condition of the woods, extent of recreational transformation and esthetic importance of forest plantings in article. Researchers counted coefficients of appeal, comfort and stability of forest communities for carrying out complex assessment. On their basis authors judge quality of the surveyed forests. They have obtained materials of vital state are submitted and values of water penetration of the soil. This indicator of recreational disturbance is important for forest communities. For this reason, researchers considered different in degree of a recreational digression. Researchers have conducted a research and have revealed that appeal and comfort high and stability is average in Samara suburban forests. Therefore, experts have to hold complex of actions, which improve a condition of forest plantings and increasing their stability in the conditions of anthropogenic loading. These materials allow defining condition of Samara suburban forests and their suitability for use in the recreational and tourist purposes.
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Korcz, Natalia, Emilia Janeczko, Ernest Bielinis, Danuta Urban, Jacek Koba, Paweł Szabat, and Michał Małecki. "Influence of Informal Education in the Forest Stand Redevelopment Area on the Psychological Restoration of Working Adults." Forests 12, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12080993.
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays, a significant part of the human population lives and works in urban agglomerations. Limited contact with nature, polluted air, stress, and a sedentary work style all contribute to problems with the physical and mental health of a considerable number of city dwellers. There are many studies indicating the positive, restorative properties of natural environments, such as forests, on human well-being. Our aim was to investigate whether suburban commercial forests in combination with informal environmental education can bring restorative properties to people, especially those who are economically active. Materials and Methods: Four psychological questionnaires were used to determine the restorative properties of a suburban commercial forest on young active people: the Profile of Mood Scale (POMS), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS), and the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). The experiment involved 60 participants who took forest baths (the act of spending time in a forest and opening your senses to the natural surroundings to experience feelings of peace and wellbeing) in a suburban commercial forest surrounding Świdnik, a city of 40,000 inhabitants located directly next to Lublin (a provincial city with a population of 339,811). The volunteers were divided into three groups; Group A walked an educational route with educational boards (route A1). Group B walked another route with a forest educator who described various forest management activities conducted in this forest (route A2). Group C walked alone, without an educator, along route A2. All three groups arrived at the site of forest stand redevelopment as the end of their route. After a short 10-min exposure to this site, the volunteers again completed the psychological questionnaires. Results: Our study clearly indicates a positive effect from forest bathing in suburban commercial forests. Both the walk with a forest educator and the walk along the educational trail supported psychological recovery for the participants of the experiment, which shows that informal environmental education carried out in forests can be successfully combined with forest bathing, supporting the positive effects of this activity.
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Rodewald, Paul G., and Margaret C. Brittingham. "Stopover Habitat use by Spring Migrant Landbirds: The Roles of Habitat Structure, Leaf Development, and Food Availability." Auk 124, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.3.1063.
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AbstractStopover habitat quality may influence the abundance of migrant landbirds, yet little is known about how spatial and temporal changes in stopover habitat quality influence the use of habitats by migrant landbirds. From late April to late May, 1997–1999, we surveyed migrant landbirds within five habitats (early successional shrub-sapling-stage forest, midsuccessional pole-stage forest, mature forest interior, mature forest-agricultural edge, and mature suburban forest) in central Pennsylvania. To assess relative quality of stopover habitats, we measured species abundance, species richness, and foraging behavior of Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata). We measured vegetation structure and phenology to examine proximate cues of potential importance in habitat selection. Of nine transient (nonbreeding) species analyzed, seven-Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus), Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla), Northern Parula (Parula americana), Magnolia Warbler (D. magnolia), Black-throated Blue Warbler (D. caerulescens), Yellow-rumped Warbler, and Blackpoll Warbler (D. striata)-were most abundant in mature forests, and especially edge-dominated mature forests (forest-agricultural edge and suburban forest). Habitats used by mature-forest-breeding transients changed between years, but edge-dominated forest types were used most frequently in all three years. Although canopy leaf development at mature forest sites showed little relationship to site use by mature-forest-breeding transients within weekly intervals, year-to-year differences in leaf phenology were consistent with year-to-year changes in habitat use by migrant landbirds. Foraging behavior of Yellow-rumped Warblers suggested higher food availability and quality in forest-agricultural edges, compared with suburban forest and forest interior. Mature-forest-breeding transients were positively associated with sites that had large trees (>38 cm diameter at breast height) and denser understory vegetation (stems 0–2.5 cm in diameter). Extensive use of mature edge-dominated forests by migrating forest birds during spring suggests that these habitats may be important for the conservation of migrant landbirds.Uso de Hábitat durante las Escalas Migratorias por Aves Migratorias Terrestres: el Papel de la Estructura del Hábitat, el Desarrollo de las Hojas y la Disponibilidad de Alimento
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Matveeva, Tatyana Borisovna, Ivan Victorovich Kazantsev, and Sergey Lvovich Molchatsky. "Ecomorfs analysis of the Samara flora." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201982105.
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During the conducted research it is revealed that suburban forests of Samara experience a considerable anthropogenic load. It is connected with the increase of the country site area, unauthorized building of the territory, deforestation, recreational loading. For the allocated associations the analysis of ecomorphs of flora is carried out. All species on coenomorphes, hygromorphes and trophomorphes are distributed. On the basis of the obtained data primary distribution of elements of flora was established. The main consequences of anthropogenic transformation are also revealed. It is possible to conclude that the structure of herbage of Samara suburban forests changes in the process of anthropogenic loading increase. It is reflected in ruderants, xeromesophytes and mesoxerophytes increase. It is not peculiar for forest communities. On the basis of the obtained data it is possible to define a disturbance degree of a vegetable cover under the anthropogenic influence. It is revealed that in suburban forests of Samara, despite high appeal and comfort, the vital condition of forest stands of an oak is weakened. It is necessary to carry out a complex of forestry and landscape actions for optimization of recreational forest exploitation that will improve a condition of forest plants and increase their stability in the conditions of anthropogenic loading. These materials can form a basis for a further study of the flora of the area.
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Pirnat, Janez, and David Hladnik. "The Concept of Landscape Structure, Forest Continuum and Connectivity as a Support in Urban Forest Management and Landscape Planning." Forests 9, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9100584.
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Close-to-nature urban forests and remnants of natural vegetation represent an important opportunity for urban residents to experience daily perception of and access to the natural environment. Despite there being a high percentage of forest cover (59%) and a favorable structure of the prevailing forested landscapes in Slovenia, urban expansion and infrastructure-driven development has severely weakened the connectivity and conservation of urban and suburban forests. The majority of urban settlements lie within walking distance of the surrounding forests (<1 km). However, only close-to-nature forests with relatively low silvicultural inputs offer ecosystem services sufficient to fulfil the supply and demand of the expanding urban population. In order to estimate the conservation of forests in the open space of Slovenian settlements, we used a spatial model of landscape structure and forest connectivity. The model can be enhanced with patterns of corridors and stepping stones of natural vegetation in the landscape matrix to provide support in the decision-making process of landscape planning and the conservation of urban and suburban forests.
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Catterall, CP, RJ Green, and DN Jones. "Occurrence of Birds in Relation to Plants in a Sub-Tropical City." Wildlife Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890289.
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Habitat use by birds in suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland was studied during winter, at sites with relatively similar habitat features near to (0.25-0.5km) and far from (2-3km) a eucalypt forest. Variation in other factors was restricted. Distance from native forest was found to have little influence on abundance of birds in suburban habitats. House sparrows and willie wagtails were relatively more abundant at the far sites. Most of the more common forest-dwelling species were not common in either near or far suburbs. There was little similarity in relative abundance of bird species between the forest and either the near or far suburbs. A similarity in species diversity and positive correlations in species abundance between near and far sites indicate that most species are either forest or suburb 'specialists'. Native birds were more selective in their choice of plant category than introduced birds, and had a high probability of using certain native and exotic plant species, and a lower probability of using others. Although generally more abundant, introduced birds did not have a high probability of using any plant genus or type. Birds in the area studied are probably altering their patterns of habitat use in response to changes in food availability.
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Jones, DN, and SE Everding. "Australian Brush-turkeys in a Suburban Environment: Implications for Conflict and Conservation." Wildlife Research 18, no. 3 (1991): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9910285.
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Although frequently reported from within the Brisbane city boundaries, the range of the Australian brush-turkey, Alectura lathami, was limited mainly to forested areas adjacent to suburban areas. Since the early 1970s, however, the species' presence in the suburbs has increased steadily and it is now common in many suburbs. Destruction and disruption of gardens during the construction of incubation mounds has led to a significant conflict with householders. This study found the species to be most abundant in suburbs adjacent to forest reserves and major watercourses. A number of extremely isolated populations were also identified. Although suburban mounds contained similar numbers of eggs as mounds from the wild, suburban mounds were more prone to failure, probably due to the use of inappropriate mound materials. Despite some evidence of increasing spread within the suburbs, the long-term survival of the species is seriously threatened by hatchling predation and continued loss of habitat.
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Referowska-Chodak. "Management and Social Problems Linked to the Human Use of European Urban and Suburban Forests." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10110964.
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This review regards the management and social problems in European urban and suburban forests linked to their maintenance and human use. They can be divided into major categories: forest management problems (e.g., the low priority of urban forestry, various or diffused urban forest management, lack of management plans or lack of sufficient funds); the social reception of forest works and forests (e.g., emotional reactions to total clear-cutting, negative evaluation of logging traces, negative evaluation of poor tourist infrastructure, specific expectations concerning a model forest: e.g., tall, of low density, mixed, old); and relations between forest users (problems related to e.g., crowding, fast-moving people, the presence of dogs, littering, thefts or noisy behaviour). Here, special attention is paid to problems and negative interactions, as they are challenges to forest management, as well as to the development of plans, strategies, and policies, both in relation to existent forests and those planned in various parts of Europe. Taking into account the feelings and expectations of forest users concerning forests, forest works/management, and infrastructure, as well as their attitude to other forest users, may reduce conflicts concerning various kinds of forest perception and use, and (with the support of societal education) may help to increase the sense of social responsibility for the “shared” forests. The presented findings are expected to be practical and useful for the management of urban and suburban forests, regardless of the location, as a type of checklist of possible problems, that may prove to be important and up-to-date in a particular location.
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Siruk, Iryna, and Yurii Siruk. "Structure of forestry fund plots of the green belt of Zhytomyr city." Scientific Horizons 23, no. 12 (December 29, 2020): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.23(12).2020.18-28.
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The city of Zhytomyr is one of the settlements of Ukraine with large areas of green forestry. Due to the lack of up-to-date integrated information on the characteristics of the city's suburban forests, the forestry fund of three enterprises was analysed, the forests of which actually form a green belt. According to the results of the analysis of forest management information, it was determined that about 58% of the area of suburban forests belongs to the forestry-based part. Accordingly, the share of areas of parklands of the green belt of the city is 42%. For each of the parts, the area of plots was divided into categories, predominant species, age groups, forest types, the presence of features in the sections. Areas of forest parks are mostly covered with forests, the share of which reaches 91% against 89% in the forestry part. By age, the forest stands in parklands are slightly older. It is established that the species and typological structure of forests of both zones differ. Forest vegetation conditions in the forestry part of the green belt forests are richer, which has led to the allocation of more forest types, more diverse species composition of plantations, the predominance of oak forest stands. In the suburban forests, due to the drying up of hayfields and more than half of the swamps, over a third of their area was found to be overgrown with trees and shrubs. The areas of hayfields and swamps were divided according to their types and uses. Areas with important features for recreation include areas with species, drinking water sources, monuments, landscaping elements, age-old trees, small lawns, biotechnical facilities, as well as tracts that constitute monuments of landscape art, places of memorable events, settlements of rare animals and birds. It is discovered that in the forests of the green belt of Zhytomyr, there are significant areas with actual berrying grounds (430 ha) and medicinal plants of industrial importance (179 ha). Berries are represented only by blueberries and strawberries, the projective coverage of which varies from 5% to 35%. In the future, the studies on determination of the level of recreational use of sites that have features valuable for recreation, improvement elements and berry fields are considered to be promising
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Hingston, Andrew B., and Marta Piech. "Eucalypt flower production in the suburbs andbush: implications for the endangered SwiftParrot Lathamus discolor." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 4 (2011): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110338.
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The endangered Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor breeds mostly in coastal south-eastern Tasmania, an area whereurban development is common and the city of Hobart is situated. Hobart’s suburbs are visited regularly by foragingSwift Parrots that nest in the surrounding forests. The reproductive success of Swift Parrots depends largely on theavailability of the birds’ major dietary items, the nectar and pollen of Eucalyptustrees. This study investigated therelative value of suburban trees and those in adjacent native forest in Hobart as food sources for Swift Parrots. Tothis end, we compared flower production between mature trees in suburban and bushland areas for the two specieson which Swift Parrots predominantly forage while breeding; Tasmanian Blue Gum Eucalyptus globulus and BlackGumE. ovata. For both species, flower production over the past few years was greater for individual trees in thesuburb than for those in the surrounding bushland. Hence, individual trees in the suburb probably provide more nectarand pollen than do those in the nearby bushland and are potentially important to the reproductive success of SwiftParrots. Our findings suggest that the relatively poor flowering in this peri-urban bushland may be the result of poorerhealth of trees in the bushland than in the suburb, particularly the greater fire damage and sparser canopies in thebushland trees. Further research is required to determine the frequency and intensity of fire in bushland that will promotethe greatest flower production in E. globulus andE. ovata.
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Ochimaru, Takehiko, and Kenji Fukuda. "Changes in fungal communities in evergreen broad-leaved forests across a gradient of urban to rural areas in JapanThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on Towards Sustainable Forestry — The Living Soil: Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (February 2007): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-293.
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We investigated the structure of the fungal community of evergreen broad-leaved forests dominated by evergreen oak ( Castanopsis sieboldii or Quercus myrsinaefolia ) through surveying sporocarps in urban, suburban, and rural areas of the Kanto District, Japan. In a 4 year census, 132 species of fungi were recorded and classified into five groups on the basis of growth substrate: 22 litter decomposers, 39 wood rotters, 10 rotted-wood decomposers, 23 humus decomposers, and 38 ectomycorrhizal species. A long-term survey of fungi revealed lower species richness and diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the urban and suburban forest than in the rural forest. The low species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the urban forest was related to low species richness of Amanitaceae and a high frequency of some Russulaceae species such as Russula japonica . In contrast, species richness and abundance of litter decomposers and wood rotters were higher in the urban forest than in the rural forest. The uneven litter distribution on soil surfaces in the mountainous rural forest may have caused the lower species richness of litter decomposers. Rotted-wood decomposers and humus decomposers showed no significant differences among the three types of forest.
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Psilovikos, Thomas, and Vasileios Giannoulas. "ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY OF FOREST ROADS AT THE SUBURBAN FOREST OF THESSALONIKI." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 16, no. 12 (2017): 2791–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2017.288.
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Petryshyn, Halyna, and Roman Liubytskyy. "FOREST TERRITORIES IN THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF LVIV." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.232-247.
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The sphere of life of a large city includes forests as a natural resource and areas of its expansion and now they serve to implement modern eco-trends. In the evolution of Lviv we can distinguish several stages of relation to forested areas: 1 - exemption from forests of areas suitable for farming, horticulture and construction; 2 – the early 19th century. - planting of new forests for economic and rehabilitation purposes; 3 - the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries - the development of the recreational function of forests under the influence of hygienists, especially at water sources; 4 - the end of the 19th century and before 1939 - the development of the city of Lviv with new streets and compact plots according to the urban concepts of "villa in the park" and "garden city", which are wedged into the forest park areas; 5 - the second half of the 20th century. The rapid territorial development of industrial Lviv causes the emergence of large residential areas on the outskirts of the city. According to strict regulatory requirements for providing residents with green areas, part of the suburban forests were allocated for the establishment of local parks. A trade union recreation centers are developing around the city; 6 - 1980s - under the influence of the concept of a polarized landscape in conditions of state ownership of land and its resources, in suburban forests and in the city, separate plots with unique characteristics are distinguished, on the basis of which objects of nature reserve fund are created; 7 - from the 1990s and until now - the spreading of the city and the defragmentation of forests are observed. At the same time, the creation of new nature reserve facilities in Lviv and in the suburban area were performed as well as the formation of new reserves and their inclusion into European ecological networks.
At the same time, the process of permanent alienation of forest areas in favor of the spread of development is intensifying. The most vulnerable are the territories of Bryukhovychi and Vynnyky forest parks, which are fully included in the united territorial community of Lviv approved in 2020.
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Sewell, Sven R., and Carla P. Catterall. "Bushland modification and styles of urban development: their effects on birds in south-east Queensland." Wildlife Research 25, no. 1 (1998): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96078.
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Variation in bird assemblages associated with forest clearing and urbanisation in the greater Brisbane area was assessed by counting birds in sites within six habitat categories: large remnants, small remnants, no- understorey remnants, canopy suburbs (original trees present), planted suburbs, and bare suburbs. Total bird abundance and species richness were generally highest in canopy suburbs. Individual species showed many significant abundance differences among the habitat types, and were classified into three major response categories: bushland species (3 in summer, 13 in winter), tolerant species (13 in summer, 13 in winter), and suburban species (12 in summer, 11 in winter). The commonly proposed notion that urbanisation results in lowered bird species richness and increases in introduced species is broadly consistent with the observed differences between bare suburbs and large remnants. However, it does not adequately describe the situation in the planted and canopy suburbs, where there was high species richness and extremely high abundance of some native species (including noisy miners, lorikeets, friarbirds, and butcherbirds) but low abundance of a majority of the species common in the original habitats (including fantails, wrens, whistlers, and other small insectivores). Retained forest remnants are essential for the latter group. Urban plantings of prolifically flowering native species do not reverse the effects of deforestation, but promote a distinctive group of common native suburban bird species. Origins of the urban bird assemblage are discussed.
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Hersek, Marta J., Michelle A. Frankel, John A. Cigliano, and Frederick E. Wasserman. "Brown-Headed Cowbird Parasitism of Ovenbirds in Suburban Forest Fragments." Auk 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.1.240.
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Abstract Forest fragmentation in North America concerns many biologists because of its effects on wildlife populations. One group that has demonstrated particular sensitivity is Neotropical migrant birds. We studied Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) in forest fragments in a suburban landscape in eastern Massachusetts to determine effects of cowbird parasitism on Ovenbird reproductive success. Our three large (120–312 ha) and six small (10–59 ha) forests were all smaller than most of those studied by other researchers, and they were surrounded by wooded suburban lots rather than agricultural land. Twenty-nine percent of nests found were parasitized by cowbirds; that frequency is lower than other investigators have reported for small, isolated fragments. The number of Ovenbirds fledged in successful parasitized (x̄ = 2.4) and unparasitized (x̄ = 3.8) nests was similar to other studies. Cowbirds were found to remain in nests for one to two days after their Ovenbird nestmates fledged. Differences in parasitism rate between this and other Ovenbird studies may be related to landscape characteristics. Ovenbirds nesting in small fragments in relatively wooded landscapes, as was the case in this study, have higher reproductive success than do Ovenbirds nesting in similar-sized fragments within an agricultural landscape. Using Ovenbirds as a model for neotropical migrants, we suggest that small fragments in a landscape with relatively wooded connections between forested areas may allow migrants to attain higher reproductive success than similar sized forests surrounded by agricultural land.
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Tiatragul, Sarin, Joshua M. Hall, Nathaniel G. Pavlik, and Daniel A. Warner. "Lizard nest environments differ between suburban and forest habitats." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 126, no. 3 (January 12, 2019): 392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly204.
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AbstractNesting success is critical for oviparous species to maintain viable populations. Many species often do not provide parental care (e.g. oviparous reptiles), so embryos are left to develop in the prevailing conditions of the nest. For species that occupy diverse habitats, embryos must be able to complete development across a broad range of environmental conditions. Although much research has investigated how environmental conditions influence embryo development, we know little about how nest conditions differ between diverse habitats. Anolis lizards are commonly found in various habitats including those heavily modified by humans (e.g. cities). We describe nest sites of anoles in two different habitat types: a suburban area and a nearby forest. The suburban area had less total nesting habitat but a greater variety of microenvironment conditions for females to use for nesting, compared to the forest. Suburban nests were warmer and drier with greater thermal variance compared to forest nests. Finally, we use data from the literature to predict how nest conditions may influence development. Our study provides the first quantitative assessment of anole nest sites in human-modified environments and shows how suburban habitats may generate variation in developmental rate.
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Rodewald, Paul G., and Margaret C. Brittingham. "Stopover Habitats of Landbirds During Fall: Use of Edge-Dominated and Early-Successional Forests." Auk 121, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 1040–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/121.4.1040.
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Abstract Despite much interest in the conservation of landbirds during migratory stopover periods, relatively few studies have examined spatial and temporal variation in habitat use and identified important habitats for migrating landbirds in North America. We surveyed migrant landbirds in five habitats (mature forest interior, mature forest-agricultural edge, mature suburban forest, mid-successional pole-stage forest, and early successional shrub-saplingstage forest) in central Pennsylvania from late August to early October, 1997–1999. We used abundances of individual species and migrant guilds, species richness, and fruit availability to assess relative habitat quality for fall migrants and measured structural characteristics associated with migrant habitat use. Of 15 species that differed in abundance among habitats, species that breed in mature forest (n = 10) were typically broadly distributed among habitats during stopover, with highest abundance in edge-dominated forests (forest-agricultural edge and suburban forest) and lowest abundance in pole-stage forests. Mature-forest-breeding migrants also regularly used early successional forests, where as many individuals were recorded as in forest interior. Shrub-sapling-breeding species (n = 5) generally were more narrowly distributed among habitats and were most abundant in early successional and edge-dominated forests. We detected among-year differences in relative use of habitats by mature-forest-breeding species, which suggests that the relative quality of stopover habitats may vary from year to year. Fruit availability was highest in shrub-sapling and forest-agricultural edge habitats and was positively associated with abundance of primary frugivores in all three years, indicating that fruit may be driving habitat selection by that guild. Mature-forest-breeding migrants were positively associated with forests that had more understory vegetation and lower percentage of canopy cover (i.e. more tree-fall gaps), which suggests that migrants selected sites with greater vertical and horizontal habitat heterogeneity. Migrating shrub-sapling-breeding species were positively associated with small-diameter stems (0–2.5 cm) and negatively associated with percentage of canopy cover (i.e. characteristics of breeding habitats). Consistently high use of mature edge-dominated and early-successional forests by a wide diversity of landbird species during fall stopover indicates the potential importance of those habitats for migratory landbird conservation.
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Enoki, Mikio. "Needed Direction of Forest Policy in Suburban Areas." Journal of Rural Problems 24, no. 1 (1988): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.24.27.
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Kosheleva, Olga, Alexander Koshelev, and Stanislav Shinkarenko. "Forest-Growing Conditions and State of Pine and Birch Species in the Northern Part of the Suburban Zone of Volgograd." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 1 (October 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2019.1.5.
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The article presents the results of the assessment of forest conditions and the state of forest cultures of Scots pine and Silver birch in the suburban area of Volgograd. The relevance of the study is due to the need to select productive and resistant to dry conditions mixing schemes of tree species for the organization of forest-park areas in suburban areas of large cities. Studies were conducted on the example of a key area of 0,7 hectares in the northern part of the city. Soil forest availability was determined by the granulometric composition, organic matter content and groundwater level. Soil sections of light chestnut soils are described, the characteristics of the main physicochemical indicators of soils are given. A profile of groundwater occurrence has been compiled and its relationship with the relief of the site is shown. The condition of forest cultures was assessed by bonitet, stock and vital status of the stand. High vitality indicators of pine and birch testify to the optimal conditions for the growth of forest crops under dry pinery. The conducted research allowed recommending, during the silvicultural works in the north of the suburban zone of Volgograd, the cool way of mixing pine with birch to create highly productive and sustainable protective forest stands.
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Tatarintsev, A. I. "STATE OF THE FOREST OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH. IN THE SUBURBAN STANDS OF KRASNOYARSK FOREST-STEPPE." ÈKOBIOTEH 3, no. 3 (2020): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31163/2618-964x-2020-3-3-424-428.
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The state of stands of B. pendula under conditions of chronic technogenic pollution was studied. Initial datamaterials of a detailed survey of plantings on five permanent trial areas: four-in suburban plantings, one-in birch forests on a transparent background. Surveys were performed in 2008 and 2018. Some calculated indicators assessed the state of stands, the main one being the index of life status. In 2008, a satisfactory state of suburban plantings was established, with no significant differences with the state of the control plantings. The state of stands has deteriorated in recent years (according to 2018 data), incredibly critically – in extreme biotopes (arid hydrothermal conditions, man-made pollution, recreational load). This is due to the decreased resistance of trees B. pendula, but increased the cumulative impact of these limiting factors, further – an increase of activity of pathogens and insects of phyllophagous due to the process of global warming.
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Referowska-Chodak, Ewa. "Pressures and Threats to Nature Related to Human Activities in European Urban and Suburban Forests." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090765.
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This review regards the pressures and threats linked with the human use of European urban and suburban forests. They can be divided into the following major categories: urban development, fragmentation, and isolation of forests; human pressures on soil and vegetation (e.g., changes in vegetation due to trampling, environmental and especially air pollution); human pressures on animals (e.g., wildlife losses due to collisions, frequent presence of dogs accompanying the visitors); and other threats and damages (e.g., littering and acts of vandalism). The directions of negative relations between people and forests shown in this review draw attention to the high complexity of the discussed issues. Awareness of this complexity (when planning and implementing forest management) can limit or counteract conflicts arising from the use of urban and suburban forests by people. This is of particular importance in the era of progressing urbanization and the evolution of human needs regarding the use of forests.
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Mo, Zhong, Sun, Wu, Du, Geng, and Cao. "Integrated Airborne LiDAR Data and Imagery for Suburban Land Cover Classification Using Machine Learning Methods." Sensors 19, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19091996.
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It is valuable to study the land use/land cover (LULC) classification for suburbs. The fusion of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and aerial imagery is often regarded as an effective method for the LULC classification; however, more in-depth analysis would be required to explore effective information for enhancing the suburban LULC classification. In this study, first, both aerial imageries and point clouds were simultaneously collected. Then, LiDAR-derived models, i.e., normalized digital surface model (nDSM) and surface intensity model (IM), were generated from the elevation and intensity of point clouds. Further, considering the surface characteristics of ground objects in suburb, we proposed a new LiDAR-derived model, namely surface roughness model (RM), to reveal the degree of surface fluctuations. Additionally, various combinations of aerial imageries and the LiDAR-derived data were used to analyze the effects of multi-variable fusion under different scenarios and optimize the multi-variable integration for suburban LULC classification. The mean decrease impurity method was used to identify the importance of variables; three machine learning classifiers, i.e., random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and artificial neural network (ANN) were adopted in various scenarios. The results were as follows. The fusion of aerial imagery and all the LiDAR-derived models, i.e., nDSM, RM and IM, with RF classifier performs best in the suburban LULC classification (overall accuracy = 84.75%, kappa coefficient = 0.80). Variable importance analysis shows that nDSM has the highest variable importance proportion (VIP) value, followed by RM, IM, and spectral information, indicating the feasibility of this proposed LiDAR-derived model-RM. This research presents effective methods relating to the application of aerial imagery and LiDAR-derived model for the complex suburban surface scenarios.
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Zawadzka, Dorota, and Grzegorz Zawadzki. "Synanthropisation And Synurbisation Of Raven Corvus Corax In Poland: A Review." International Studies on Sparrows 38, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/isspar-2015-0025.
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Abstract The Raven Corvus corax is one of the oldest synanthropic bird species. Historical development of human settlements and cities was the reason of occupancy by ravens neighborhood of villages and town. Nowadays, suburban areas are, among forest and rural areas, habitats used by Ravens. Since end of middle ages Ravens began breeding in interior of towns in the Great Britain. During 20th century Raven occupied several big cities of Europe and North America. In Poland, the first attempts of colonization of cities took place in the 1950s in Warsaw and Kraków. During next decades Raven came back from centrum of cities and began colonized suburban zone, mainly big forests within the border of towns. Untilnow, Raven in Poland nest only in suburban zones. Observations of non-breeding pairs inside of cities are still rare. The biggest population in cities do not exceed 20 breeding pairs.
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Baisová, Karin, and Martina Babiaková. "Use of the Suburban Forest Areas for Outdoor Activities." International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 6, no. 12 (2016): 934–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijssh.2016.v6.778.
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YAO, Shunsuke. "Changing Common Forest and Village Communities in Suburban Areas." Japanese Journal of Human Geography 43, no. 2 (1991): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.43.105.
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Elgmork, Kåre. "Dynamics of garden birds at a feeding station in a suburban area near Oslo, Norway, 2000–2008." Ornis Svecica 21, no. 2–4 (April 1, 2011): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v21.22605.
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The presence of birds visiting a feeding site near a villa in a suburban area to the west of Oslo was observed daily at close range during 2000–2008. The bird assemblage consisted of 17 species. Some species were present throughout the year, whereas others occurred during different seasons. Most species showed a stable occurrence from year to year and was little influenced by climatic factors. When comparing with the bird community in a spruce forest about three kilometres away, only 36% of the forest species occurred regularly at the suburban site, showing a considerable loss of diversity when a forest is changed into a suburban habitat. Abundance was recorded by the time it took the birds to consume one kilo of sunflower seeds. Maximum consumption occurred during summer and minimum during late winter. A general decrease in consumption in all years of study started during autumn followed by another marked decrease at the time of the first snowfall, which obviously acted as a signal for emigration out of the area.
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Piccolo, B. P., T. R. Van Deelen, K. Hollis-Etter, D. R. Etter, R. E. Warner, and C. Anchor. "Behavior and survival of white-tailed deer neonates in two suburban forest preserves." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 5 (May 2010): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z10-026.
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Neonatal survival influences growth of unhunted populations of suburban white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780)). Understanding the interaction of habitat and survival may inform conservation efforts and studies of life history of cervids at high density. We chose two forest preserves representative of forests in suburban Chicago. We radio-marked 56 neonates (1999–2001) to investigate mortality and habitat use. Through 1 July, 21 of 29 (72%) neonates and 6 of 22 (27%) died mostly because of predation by coyotes ( Canis latrans Say, 1823). Akaike’s information criterion suggested that optimal mark–recapture models of survival contained covariates reflecting differences by preserve and timing chosen to coincide with behavioral change from hiding to accompanying the doe. Survival was lower during early parturition (0.26–0.78) relative to the latter part (0.90–0.96). Early fawns (hiders) at one site had lower survival (0.26–0.29) than fawns at the other (0.78). Lower survival associated with larger home ranges, greater movement, and reduced understory cover, suggesting that hiding cover may mediate fawn survival in the presence of predators. Our study demonstrates spatial heterogeneity in population biology of suburban deer and suggests that site-specific differences may influence neonate survival in the face of coyote predation.
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Nagaike, Takuo. "Review of Plant Species Diversity in Managed Forests in Japan." ISRN Forestry 2012 (June 19, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/629523.
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The effects of conifer plantation management and forest fragmentation on plant species diversity in Japan were reviewed. While most studies have demonstrated that the practice of thinning in coniferous plantations can enhance species diversity of naturally regenerated trees, such as broad-leaved trees, some have shown that thinning reduces plant species diversity through the direct physical disturbance to forests. In addition, plant species diversity in plantations has also been shown to be dependent on the distance from seed sources. Extensive forest fragmentation due to land use changes has occurred, particularly in forests near urban and suburban areas. Although the number of species per unit area in abandoned coppice forests is not clearly related to the extent of forest fragmentation, most species attributes (such as rare species) are negatively influenced by forest fragmentation. Some of the forests owned by shrines and temples in urban areas are similar to island forests and are relatively well protected from human disturbance. To more clearly understand and evaluate changes in biodiversity through forest management, elucidating the interactions between management and plant species diversity, species composition, and the ecological traits of various species is therefore necessary.
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Chen, H., W. Zhang, F. Gilliam, L. Liu, J. Huang, T. Zhang, W. Wang, and J. Mo. "Changes in soil carbon sequestration in <i>Pinus massoniana forests</i> along an urban-to-rural gradient of southern China." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (July 9, 2013): 11319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-11319-2013.
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Abstract. Urbanization is accelerating globally, causing a variety of environmental changes such as increases in air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO2, and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, effects of these changes on forest soil carbon (C) sequestration remain largely unclear. Here we used urban-to-rural environmental gradients in Guangdong Province, southern China, to address the potential effects of these environmental changes on soil C sequestration in Pinus massoniana forests. In contrast with our expectations and earlier observations, soil C content in urban sites was significantly lower than those in suburban and rural sites. Lower soil C pools in urban sites were correlated with a significant decrease in fine root biomass and a potential increase in soil organic C decomposition. Variation of soil C pools was also a function of change in soil C fractions. Heavy fraction C content in urban sites was significantly lower than those in suburban and rural sites. By contrast, light fraction C content did not vary significantly along the urban-to-rural gradient. Our results suggest that urbanization-induced environmental changes may have negative effect on forest soil C.
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Matveeva, Tatyana Borisovna, Ivan Victorovich Kazantsev, and Sergey Lvovich Molchatsky. "Soil and vegetation cover evaluation in the forestry area «Mekhzavodskoy» of the suburban Samara forestry enterprise area." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981110.
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The paper presents data on the state of soil and vegetation cover of oak forests of suburban forests near the village Mekhzavod. Being in the ring of large highways as well as located relatively close to Samara, they experience a complex impact of many adverse conditions. In the course of the study in these forest communities using the method of laying ecological profiles, we assessed a degree of recreational load impact on the vegetation cover of the green zone. The author estimated the percentage of road and path network development, described stages of recreational digression (for R.A. Karpisonova) and identified the main indicators of anthropogenic load, a vital status of major forest tree species and the factors contributing to its deterioration. The author also revealed a classification of soils with the help of laying soil profiles in different quarters and the subsequent chemical analysis of the selected samples. It is determined that the gray forest soils indicated for this area on the soil map of the Volga Region are not found. Taking into account the unsatisfactory state of the vegetation cover of the studied area, a number of recommendations for its rational use are proposed, which can further contribute to the preservation and improvement of these forests stability.
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Wajchman-Świtalska, Sandra, and Roman Jaszczak. "Recreational Forest Management for Disabled People in Urban Forests – the Current State and Perspectives. A Case Study of Poznań." Folia Turistica 46 (March 31, 2018): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0849.
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Purpose. The aim of this paper is a review of literature on forest environment adaptation in the cities to the needs of elderly and disabled people. The detailed objectives are to present the current state of recreational development in the urban forests of Poznań, with reference of this state to the demographic perspective for the city. Method. A review of literature and city documents was conducted. Findings. Preparation of forest management development for the elderly or disabled might be one of the key problems of forest management in urban forests. Poznań, despite having a 5 km long path for disabled people disabled individuals within one complex of urban forests, its potential is much greater, taking into account 84 km of roads as well as paths, and a total area of over 2,500 ha. Research conclusions and limitations. It is difficult to decide how many people with different types of disabilities visit forests (urban, suburban, State forests) and what the perspectives in the share of forest visitors and their preferences are. Practical implications. The paper emphasizes the need to adjust the forest to the disabled. It may influence some future projects. Originality. The paper joins the review of world literature with the perspectives of demographics of the presented city. Type of paper. An empirical paper.
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정수경, 박율진, and 김현미. "Method of Forest Trail Network through Selection of Landscape Viewpoints in Suburban Mountains of Jeonju City." Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation 23, no. 3 (September 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34272/forest.2019.23.3.002.
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Mason, Jamie, Christopher Moorman, George Hess, and Kristen Sinclair. "Designing suburban greenways to provide habitat for forest-breeding birds." Landscape and Urban Planning 80, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.07.002.
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Jones, Brandon M., Michael V. Cove, Marcus A. Lashley, and Victoria L. Jackson. "Do coyotesCanis latransinfluence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments?" Current Zoology 62, no. 1 (February 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zov004.
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Kittredge, David B., Jonathan R. Thompson, Luca L. Morreale, Anne G. Short Gianotti, and Lucy R. Hutyra. "Three decades of forest harvesting along a suburban-rural continuum." Ecosphere 8, no. 7 (July 2017): e01882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1882.
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Giraldo, Mario A., Paula Jackson, and Wayne Van-Horne. "Suburban Forest Change and Vegetation Water Dynamics in Atlanta, USA." Southeastern Geographer 55, no. 2 (2015): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2015.0016.
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Nelson, Bryan Raveen, Mazrul Aswady Mamat, Wong Cheeho, and Salwa Shahimi. "Forest birds as diversity indicator in suburban and residential areas." Ecofeminism and Climate Change 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/efcc-03-2020-0007.
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Purpose Birds are biological indicators for environment health in which their sightings and abundance could reflect a certain situation or become evaluation tool for co-existence of another species. Here, the study aims to observe urban settlements with substantial forestation, may it be artificial or natural, and the occurrence of bird assemblage across time. Considering the foraging activity of birds hardcoded with sustainability, their spatial overlap resultant into service provision, which can mean, baseline occurrence or an expected encounter equates to support system for ecological vigour. Design/methodology/approach From this, birds could indicate external environment vulnerability related to climatic fluctuations, whereby documentation of their arrival across spatial-temporal regimes allowed us to understand their distribution between residential and forested areas. Findings Though urban birds are abundant and viewed less important for conservation, the existence of certain species such as long-tailed shrike and little green pigeon disclose the types of food they consume and, the other types of birds attracted to their prey. With regard, the sightings of these birds would mean an encounter with 20 or more other species at a bird watching occasion, though it is limited to the sightings of urban birds. Originality/value Subject to criteria for green space, attaining plenty of bird species provides understanding of food availability, the support services and opportunity for urban birds to thrive in midst the opportunity for resources such as food, perching grounds and sufficient numbers of counterparts to reproduce into healthy urban bird populations.
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Luiselli, Luca, Francesco M. Angelici, and Godfrey C. Akani. "Comparative feeding strategies and dietary plasticity of the sympatric cobras Naja melanoleuca and Naja nigricollis in three diverging Afrotropical habitats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-178.
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Two cobra species are found in the forest block of southern Nigeria (West Africa). However, whereas the one species, the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis), is often found in strongly altered habitats (including suburban areas), the other, the black forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca), is a typical forest species that is currently subject to a rapid decrease in population abundance because of intensive forest alteration and landscape modification in this part of Africa. We studied whether the body sizes, diets, and feeding strategies of these two species changed in relation to habitat type, and whether the ecological success of the one species versus the other in altered habitats depends upon greater dietary flexibility in prey type or prey size. Therefore, we divided our cobra records into three habitat categories: (1) suburbia, (2) plantationforest mosaic, and (3) mature forest. We observed that sexual size dimorphism was minor in both species and in all habitat types, and that intersexual differences in prey composition and prey size were also minor. Nevertheless, there was a remarkable ontogenetic change in taxonomic composition of the diet for one species (N. nigricollis, with juveniles taking almost exclusively lizards and adults taking small mammals, birds, and lizards) but not the other. Remarkably, the species that is less adapted to life in suburban areas showed a reduction in mean body size from the forest to suburbia, which may also indicate suboptimal adaptation to strongly altered habitats. Prey size was similar for the two species and in the three habitat types, and the relationships between prey size and predator size were similar. Thus, it seems unlikely that flexibility in prey-size patterns explains the greater colonizing success of N. nigricollis. Nevertheless, and although both species exhibited remarkable dietary flexibility, leading them to prey upon homeotherms as well as heterotherms and upon terrestrial as well as arboreal and even aquatic prey, there were important interspecific differences in prey composition that may explain the ecological success of N. nigricollis. The success of N. nigricollis likely lies not in dietary flexibility but in the consistency with which its juveniles prey upon a single prey type (lizards, mainly Agama agama) that is so abundant in nearly every altered habitat in Nigeria and is a virtually unlimited food resource for young N. nigricollis. However, adults of this species also forage frequently upon commensal rodents and poultry, which may also help it to colonize man-made habitats.
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Sun, Li, and Jian Hui Zhang. "Multi-Angle to Solve the Problem of Urban Environment Greening - Several Suggestions of Urban Greening Based on Tianjin as Example." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.514.
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Aiming at the climate warming and drying trend inTianjin and saline-alkali soil, species single, lack of multi-level green landscape, big difference between the city proper and suburbs greening, Lower ecological effects etc., problems,from climate and soil, tree species selection, city proper and suburban difference, circular economy technology etc. several main factors of affecting city environment greening, and put forward the control saline-alkali soil improvement and water salt dynamic regulate and control; suit one's measures to local conditions,selection of salt-tolerant plants, increase of evergreen, the introduction of new species, selection drought tolerant and extensive management ground cover plants, increase the vertical greening, adjust existing forest community structure, increase the illumination, strengthen the city forest construction, the central city and the four suburbs and the five counties overall greening pattern, waste (solid waste and water) Closed-loop use, pollutants resource and the ecological environment virtuous cycle etc. measures.
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Chen, H., W. Zhang, F. Gilliam, L. Liu, J. Huang, T. Zhang, W. Wang, and J. Mo. "Changes in soil carbon sequestration in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> forests along an urban-to-rural gradient of southern China." Biogeosciences 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2013): 6609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6609-2013.
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Abstract. Urbanization is accelerating globally, causing a variety of environmental changes such as increases in air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO2, and nitrogen (N) deposition. However, the effects of these changes on forest soil carbon (C) sequestration remain largely unclear. Here, we used urban-to-rural environmental gradients in Guangdong Province, southern China, to address the potential effects of these environmental changes on soil C sequestration in Pinus massoniana forests. In contrast to our expectations and earlier observations, soil C content in urban sites was significantly lower than that in suburban and rural sites. Lower soil C pools in urban sites were correlated with a significant decrease in fine root biomass and a potential increase in soil organic C decomposition. Variation of soil C pools was also a function of change in soil C fractions. Heavy fraction C content in urban sites was significantly lower than that in suburban and rural sites. By contrast, light fraction C content did not vary significantly along the urban-to-rural gradient. Our results suggest that urbanization-induced environmental changes may have a negative effect on forest soil C in the studied region.
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Enoki, Mikio. "The consciousness of Forest Owners in Suburban Areas and the Nedded Direction of Forest Policy." Journal of Rural Problems 21, no. 2 (1985): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.21.88.
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Su, Ze Qun, and Chun Zhu. "Floristic Characteristics of the Zonal Vegetation in Guangzhou and the Implications for Urban Greening." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3332.
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Floristic composition of the evergreen broadleaved forest in Maofengshan, Liantang, and Baiyunshan in Guangzhou suburban areas, was analyzed based on community survey data. Field survey indicated that the community was rich in species diversity, with 101 families of vascular plants including 203 genera and 351 species. Dominant families of the flora were Rubiacea, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Papilionaceae, and Rutaceae, most of which are of tropical and subtropical nature. As for generic distribution, dominant geographical elements were tropical genera (74.38%) and temperate genera (13.79%), the Pan-tropic areal-type had the majority of genera (27.59%), followed by Tropical Asia and Old World Tropics, while typical tropical genera were rare. Floristic composition of the evergreen broadleaved forest community in Guangzhou suburbs and the characteristic family of the flora epitomizes the zonal flora, which will provide scientific foundation for stand rehabilitation and stand establishment approximating the natural forest community. This study also had important significance of urban greening in Guangzhou.
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Grover, DR, and PJ Slater. "Conservation Value to Birds of Remnants of Melaleuca Forest in Suburban Brisbane." Wildlife Research 21, no. 4 (1994): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9940433.
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The bird species composition of nine remnants of Melaleuca quinquenervia forest in NE Brisbane, Queensland, was censused from March 1992 to March 1993 to investigate the effect of forest fragmentation and fragment characteristics. Remnant area was a correlated with the total number of bird species and the number of raptors occurring, while understorey vegetation density was related to the number of forest and understorey bird species. The species composition of the M. quinquenervia remnants was compared with that of the Cooloola National Park and with that of eucalypt [Eucalyptus] remnants in lowland SE Queensland. Even the small M. quinquenervia remnants around Brisbane play an important role in conserving the avian fauna of the region by providing habitat and refuges for migrant, nesting, locally rate and uncommon species, and species not commonly found in other forest types. Future recommended management involves the maintenance of size, habitat diversity and understorey vegetation density, the prevention of disturbance and the preservation of swampy areas and ponds.
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Elek, Zoltán, Andy Howe, Mattias Enggaard, and Gábor Lövei. "Seasonal dynamics of common ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) along an urbanisation gradient near Sorø, Zealand, Denmark." Entomologica Fennica 28, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84673.
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The seasonal activity of six carabid species (Nebria brevicollis, Carabus nemoralis, C. hortensis, C. coriaceus, Pterostichus melanarius and Abax parallelepipedus) was studied along an urbanisation gradient (rural forest – suburban forest – forest fragments in urban park) in Sorø, Denmark, during April–October 2004 and 2005.Two groups were identified: 1) Species with constant seasonality, in which seasonal activity profiles did not differ along the gradient (C. hortensis, C. coriaceus, and A. parallelepipedus); 2) Species with flexible seasonality,with remarkable differences along the gradient and between the years (C. nemoralis, N. brevicollis and P. melanarius). In four out of six studied species, 2005 was less favourable than 2004. Spring activity in the urban habitat started earlier than in the suburban or forested ones. A better understanding of urban green infrastructures in biodiversity assessments may need the study of seasonality in order to distinguish whether the bioindicator’s responses are to habitat quality or stochastic seasonal events.
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Kubo, Takashi, Wenzhi Bai, Masaki Nagae, and Yuji Takao. "Seasonal Fluctuation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aerosol Genotoxicity in Long-Range Transported Air Mass Observed at the Western End of Japan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 13, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041210.
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In order to clarify the level transboundary air pollution caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and genotoxic substances, aerosols were collected from forest and suburban sites in Nagasaki, west Japan, for 6 years. The PAH concentration was measured, and the genotoxicity of the substances were evaluated using the umu test. The results showed no notable trends in the concentration or toxicity of either sites throughout the study period. The suburban and forest sites shared similar seasonal fluctuation patterns and quantitative values, suggesting that the western end of Japan might be affected by long-range transported pollutants, especially in winter. PAH concentration and genotoxicity showed the same seasonal patterns of increased levels in winter and lower levels in summer. This suggests that PAHs and genotoxic substances were correlated and share common sources. Back trajectory and source analyses were conducted using the diagnostic ratios of PAHs. It was predicted that air pollution by PAHs at the forest site arise predominantly as a result of biomass or coal combustion in continental regions, such as northern parts of China and the Korean Peninsula. This is particularly expected in winter. Therefore, genotoxic substances would also be strongly influenced by transboundary pollution from the continental region. In addition, it was estimated that the contribution of transboundary PAH pollution could reach 70% at the suburban site in winter.
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Adams, Damian C., José R. Soto, John Lai, Francisco J. Escobedo, Sergio Alvarez, and Abu S. M. G. Kibria. "Public Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Invasive Forest Pest Prevention Programs in Urban Areas." Forests 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11101056.
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Invasive forest pests can cause environmental and economic damage amounting to billions of dollars (US) in lost revenues, restoration and response costs, and the loss of ecosystem services nationwide. Unfortunately, these forest pests do not stay confined to wildland forest areas and can spread into suburban and urban areas, imposing significant costs on local governments, homeowners, and management agencies. In this study, a contingent valuation experiment is used to estimate Florida residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) a monthly utility fee that would protect urban forests from invasive pests by implementing a monitoring and prevention program for their early detection and eradication. On average, the respondents are WTP US $5.44 per month to implement the surveillance program, revealing an aggregate WTP in the order of US $540 million per year. The results also reveal that respondents are sensitive to the scope of the program, with higher rates of participation and higher WTP for a program that is more effective at preventing forest pest invasions.
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Nitoslawski, Sophie A., Peter N. Duinker, and Peter G. Bush. "A review of drivers of tree diversity in suburban areas: Research needs for North American cities." Environmental Reviews 24, no. 4 (December 2016): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2016-0027.
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Tree diversity is crucial to urban forest management. More diverse urban forests provide habitat for a wider range of organisms, increase resilience to pests and disease and, in cases where native tree species are well represented, contribute to local biodiversity protection. Studies have shown that tree diversity can peak in the low- to mid-density neighbourhoods found in suburban and peri-urban areas, emphasizing the potential for biodiversity enhancement during and after subdivision development. Most studies quantifying tree species composition in suburban areas focus on one or two major drivers of tree diversity, such as land use, socioeconomics and demographics, or the presence of natural features like parks or greenways. Furthermore, relatively little attention has been paid to the drivers of diversity for the variety of land types that make up the entire urban forest, which represent differences in tree planting and establishment practices, ownership, and maintenance. This paper presents an overview of drivers of tree species composition based on the literature, as well as factors that require further study because they play a role in determining the structure of the (sub)urban forest. These factors are examined in the context of four land types: street, residential property, park, and remnant woodland, and are organized under the following major themes: biophysical characteristics, community design, historical paradigms and influences, municipal management, and demographics and cultures. Based on what is known so far, a research agenda is also presented outlining major gaps in research on urban tree diversity in North America (USA and Canada). The information presented in this paper can thus serve as a guideline to inform urban forest management practices and strategically enhance tree diversity.
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Pirnat, Janez. "Conservation and management of forest patches and corridors in suburban landscapes." Landscape and Urban Planning 52, no. 2-3 (December 2000): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00128-6.
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Lichtenberg, Erik, and Ian Hardie. "Open Space, Forest Conservation, and Urban Sprawl in Maryland Suburban Subdivisions." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 89, no. 5 (December 2007): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2007.01084.x.
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