Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sucre (industrie)'
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Audinet, Pierre. "L'État entrepreneur en Inde et au Brésil : économie du sucre et de l'éthanol /." Paris ; Montréal : l'Harmattan, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367045493.
Full textPetersson, Astrid. "Zuckersiedergewerbe und Zuckerhandel in Hamburg im Zeitraum von 1814 1834 : Entwicklung und Struktur zweier wichtiger Hamburger Wirtschaftszweige des vorindustriellen Zeitalters /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370942461.
Full textAiriau, Jean. "Le sucre en France de 1945 à 1995 : De la Libération à la libéralisation du marché mondial." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040015.
Full textBetween 1945 & 1995, the French sugar economy lived an important mutation. At the end of the 2nd world war, it was out of order of supplying inhabitants. 50 years later, it is the 7th world sugar producer, the 1st for beet sugar, and a major exporter. This occurred despite a strict regulation. The national law aimed to supply people not only in France but also those relevant of its Empire. The progressive lost of this market is not adjusted, whatever be the forecasts, by the beginning of the European Common market. The series of enlargement do not bring any more rewards. On the contrary, France never gets a quota fairly in line with the references for its sugar beets factories. Nevertheless, within these limits, we have to notice a modernization of the beet cultivation, as well as for the industrial equipment. It has been concentrated, put under computer assistance, without getting out an up to date social joint agreement. All along these years, beet growers and manufacturers developed, some times through struggles, discussions and agreements. By this way, they stimulated their individual actions
Ibrahim, Hasanuddin. "L'Etat, la paysannerie et l'industrie sucrière : évolution des systèmes de production agricole à Gondangiegi, Java-Est." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0065.
Full textThis study concern about the reconstruction of the agrarian history in the district of gondanglegi (east-java), dominated today by the smallholder's sugar-cane plantation. In comparison with the situation of sugar-cane's farmers in the district of gempol (west-java) and the large-scale plantation system in subang (west-java), we have tried to analyse the recent problems of indonesian sugar industry. Having influenced by many factors such as : the change in politics and pvernment's policy, the progress of demography and tech ology, the situation of the international and the domestic markets, etc. . The agrarian view of this region has been modified many times, according to the agricultural systems applied by the society. The analyse have showed that in order to anticipate the accord of the gatt, the apec and the afta, in the futrue, the indonesian sugar industry have to be developped, principally, under the big-scale plantation system in the exterior of java
Lauret, Alfred Jean-Philippe. "Nouvelles approches de modélisation de la cristallisation en sucrerie de cannes : Proposition d'applications industrielles en vue de l'amélioration des performances du procédé." La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_12_Lauret.pdf.
Full textBrechoteau, Sophie. "Les pharmaciens et l'industrie sucrière aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P044.
Full textEID, FARID. "Economie de rente et agro-industrie du sucre et de l'alcool au bresil." Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIE0001.
Full textHistorically, in de brazilian economic sector of sugar and alcohol, the merchant economy with its traditional old type of production is tied to archaic sugar factories. It is a rent economy, without risks, since the state sets the quotas of production, and determines the purchase and prices with a garanteed profit for all the factories. In the same time the rent economy appears with the agricultural land rent and the urban land rent. Since 1985 appears a new tendancy towards a capitalist economy. The new production in alcool-based carburant is linked to modern sugar factoriesin terms of new technological equipments and new forms of management. The new energy product has to be inserted into a risk economy. The issue in question is anenergy product wich can compete with oil. This new tendancy does not mean that the capitalist economy would replace the rent economy. But it could lead to the coexistence of a rent economy with a hegemony of economies in expansion to xich the rent economy is submited
Ouedraogo, Oumar. "Crise de l'économie sucrière et mutations spatiales en Guadeloupe." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0158.
Full textGuadeloupe is an archipelago located in the caribbean. This archipelago was histocally occuped by plantations in which cane and cofee was planted. It was a land of colonial produces (cofee,cocoa, sugar cane) destinated to france and other European countries. This system of production is for long time the way to settle down the territory. During many centuries, the economy of sugarcane in Guadeloupe has been affected by several crisis. The crisis of the seventies falls with the developpement of the tertiary sector (trade, sevices. . ) All that will have many consequences on the organisation of économics activities, habitat, localisation of firms, protection of natural ressources on the archipelagos. The aim of this thesis, is to analyse and demonstrate by systemic method that the economical crisis of the seventies and the developpement of tertiairy sector disturbed the original repartition of the economics activities and habitat in the archipelago. The analysis begins by a presentation of the archipelago's situation in the seventies, the crisis's facts and consequences. The second part analyse the changement, the modification observed from the seventies to year 2000. The institutional aspects are also developed because in 1982 and 1983, the decentralisation laws created the implication of local actors in their process of development. The last part of the thesis is a reflexion about regional planning in Guadeloupe. It 's also questions about measures, tecnical means taken to solve regional planning problems in the archipelago Guadeloupe. At last propectives vews has been made for the evolution of the repartition of human actities on the territory
Ndengue, Roger. "Choix énergétiques et pratiques d'économie d'énergie : le cas des sucreries de betteraves (1973-1986)." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL20010.
Full textBy the late seventies and in the early eighties, the situation of the world energy market was in the foreground of the current events. The steady increases in energy prices and the modifications in the method of appropriation of oil income increased the costs which hang heavy on many firms. In the face of that situation, the french sugar industry, like the whole economic sector, started to curb its energy consumption. Now, with the passing of time, andat a moment when one might rightfully question the necessity of carrying on with making efforts in energy saving, has this policy been effective ? can we assess its impact on the french sugar industry ? the findings of this research, that lead up to a thorough inquiry with the industrialists concerned, show the sensitiveness of sugar industry (its energy input occupied the 3rd rank of production cost in 1985 during the increase in energy prices from 1973 to 1986. The statement which has been made gives prominence to a significant decline in specific energy consumptions of the branch of industries (29% between 1973-1986. .
Mélard, François. "L' autorité des instruments dans la production du lien social : le cas de l'analyse polarimétrique dans l'industrie sucrière belge." Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1020.
Full textDucloux, Pierre. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique et optimisation de la conduite d'une cristallisation discontinue de l'industrie sucrière." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0061.
Full textSanchez, Sylvie. "Biodégradation d'un effluent de raffinerie de sucre par un champignon de la pourriture blanche, Marasmius quercophilus : étude d'un procédé d'épuration." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30021.
Full textCane-sugar refining generates effluents which have to be purified before being discharged into nature. One part of these effluents is constituted by the retentate, resulting from the regeneration of anion-exchange resins, used to decolourise sugar liquor. One fraction of the retentate, named "hard COD", is poorly degraded by conventional biological processes. The aim of this thesis was to realise a bioreactor operating in continue, involving a white -rot fungus, Marasmius quercophilus, fixed on a support. This system would allow a sufficient biotransformation of this effluent, which could thus be degraded by classic wastewater treatment system. Despite hard conditions (salt concentration 100 g/L and pH around 12), the fungus is able to degrade the retentate. An ultrafiltration unit has allowed to recycle, in the reactor, insufficiently degraded high molecules and enzymes involved in this degradation. Ultrafiltrats resulting from treated effluent showed a COD, a BOD5 and a coloration smaller than the one of the non-treated effluent. After a 29 days incubation, M. Quercophilus is able to reduce COD and coloration by 72 and 75 %. Moreover, increase of the ratio BOD5/COD, obtained after biological treatment, indicates a highly biodegradability corresponding to the potentialities of conventional biological processes
Villeret, Maud. "Le goût de l'or blanc : transformation et diffusion du sucre dans la vallée ligérienne au XVIIIe siècle." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT3038.
Full textApanon, Charles-Marie. "Les Stratégies des usines sucrières de la Martinique durant l'entre deux guerres. Contribution et l'étude de la gestion des firmes aux Antilles." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL12010.
Full textThe study of stategies of the martiniquan sugar firms between 1919 and 1939 shows : 1_) in a situation where demand for sugar and alcohol is determined closely by the fluctuations of french needs, the production of martiniquan factories had been encouraged during the 1920's, but the sluggishness had persisted throughout the 1930's. Then some producers chosed to develop their activity while others were adopting a waiting strategy. 2_) the originality of this thesis is the analysis of accounting documents of 5 sugar firms. We notice at the opposite of several studies, firstly that the amounts of salaries and wages are very low, and secoundly the capital expenditures realised during this period is the minimum to retain the facilities. The main winners of the sugar profit were the government (through the tax policy) and the shareholdres of the firms
Mbolidi-Baron, Hélène. "Les conditions de durabilité de la production de la canne à sucre à la Martinique : une approche territoriale." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20088.
Full textThe recent evolutions relative to the sugarcane and to its two main finished products (the sugar and the rum) in Martinique led in interrogate about the future of this production. Analyzing the functioning of sugarcane production units and the construction of the controlled label "Martinique agricultural rum", the present thesis contributes to the knowledge and to the understanding of the Martinican sugarcane production at the dawn of the XXIth century. It proposes a methodology of analysis to think about the future of small agro-industrial productions, in a fragile socioeconomic context. The problem of the sugarcane future in Martinique is analyzed from the central concept of durability, allowing the consideration of the various dimensions of this production (environmental, economic, social, land). In the context of an unsure sugar and rum market, this thesis shows that the future of sugarcane production goes through the strengthening of the patrimonial dimension of Martinique agricultural rum, as well as the valorization of the role of sugarcane in the construction of the identity as well as the sustanable development of the Martinican territory
BOUAMRANI, MOUNA LATIFA. "Contribution à la modélisation de la cristallisation sucrière en vue de la conduite de procédés : comparaison des approches spécifique et généralisée en simulation dynamique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0356.
Full textOuerfelli, Mohamed. "Le sucre : production, commercialisation et uages dans la Méditerranée médiévale." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010539.
Full textLe, Terrier Xavier. "L'agriculture cannière et l'industrie sucrière à La Réunion au cours de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, 1848-1914 : entre croissance et crise." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_16-leterrier-a-opt.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims at examining the actors and factors pertaining to the problems of the sugar-cane farming methods and the manufacturing of sugar in the main sugar-producing french colony from 1848 to the eve of W. W. I. How, in Reunion island, did sugar-producing development combine with crisis during the second half of the 19th cebtury? How did the sugar production of Reunion island fit in with the overall colonial and national output and, indeed, even with the world production? How did farming methods come into play with the development of the main economic activity of the colony? How did agriculture and industry respond to the crisis which stettled in the early 1860's ; mamely to the prospect of a labour force shortage and a slump in the sugar market? What industrial policy did landowners and experts adopt with regard to the sugar industry during thatperiod? A study of series holds a central position in this thesis. In fine, it's a question of relating the space growth of the sugar estates to the technical choices made in the world of agriculture and manufacture and to the social advancement noted in the sugar-producing plantations of Reunion island in the second half of the 19th century. This thesis should clarify our knowledge of the sugar-producing world which has modelled the landscape, the ways of thinking and the behavioural patterns of the society of the island
Corcodel, Laurent. "Influence de l’augmentation du taux de fibre de la canne à sucre sur les performances du complexe sucrerie – centrale thermique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0055.
Full textSugarcane is cultivated to produce sugar en electricity to the grind. Recently, the fibre content of cane delivered to the mill increase. Objective of this works is to determine the influence of cane delivered to the mill with more fibre (due to variety and trash) on cane analysis, sugar mills and energy plant complex performance (sugar, molasses and electricity production).Cane analysis method comparison show that Berding and Pollock method was the most appropriate for sugar, soluble dry matter and fibre in cane measurement.A laboratory cane analysis methodology using a grinder and a press is proposed. Relations are established to calculate according to juice and bagasse analysis, the cane capacity, energy for shredding cane, sugar extraction in juice and bagasse calorific value. Those analysis are used in mass and energy balance through the sugar and cogeneration plant. That balance conduct to crystallisable sugar, molasses and electricity exported.Results shows that compared to R579, the fibre variety R585 produce -8% of sugar and +51% of electricity, the R570 variety produce +3.9% of sugar and +27% of electricity. Compared to clean cane, whole crops harvesting decreased sugar (-16%) and electrical (-21%) production. Cane harvest with leaves conduct to a decrease of sugar (-4%) and increase of electrical (+12%) production
Martignac, Cécile. "Maintien d’une filière dominante ou projet de territoire : le cas du sucre à La Réunion." Montpellier 3, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369154.
Full textThis research work proposes to explore the paradox of the massive support for the Reunion Island “sugar cane” channel in a context that today appears to be structurally unfavourable, in particular when looked at under the two principal trends: on the global level, the current evolution of international commercial rules relative to the sugar sector compromise the long-term durability of the current support layout of the channel; on the regional level, the spatial dynamics reveal social strategies contrary to the protection of a 30 000 h cane cultivation surface and to the promotion of a productive agriculture. In front of this type of questioning, the geographer’s point of view is at first to consider that what takes places on the ground expresses the strategies of the actors. The study leans upon this hypothesis in the proposal for a revision of the regional spatial dynamics and their signification in terms of social strategies at different organisation levels. In making a call to tele-detection, to spatial analysis, to modelling, to social surveys, to typologies, this study shows that spatial dynamics constitute a pertinent study point of evolutions and of aspirations of the Reunion Island society. Today, this society expresses strategies and practices disconnected to the sugar project, legitimising and underlining the pertinence of a re-interrogation of the currently privileged agricultural development axis
Poulot, Monique. "Planteurs et sucriers français : les mutations exemplaires d'une filière classique." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010553.
Full textThe beet sector wich has undergone a deep reorganization since the years fifty, shows clearly the current changes of french agriculture. The beet culture has been affected by a technical revolution within reach of a small number of farmers. This movement was encouraged by the sugar manufacturers : the rationalization of the areas of provivioning and the ways of collecting made small farmers leave beet production. Finally, the quota system, more and more common in e. E. C. , appears as a way of achieving the reorganization. A new regional geography of culture is now appearing
Géraud, Jean-François. "Des habitations-sucreries aux usines sucrières : la "mise en sucre" de l'île Bourbon, 1783-1848." La Réunion, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02070504/document.
Full textThe introduction of the sugar industry in Bourbon island being a relatively recent phenomenon to have taken place within the natural frontiers of an insular region makes it possible to study the actual sugar production in a manner that differs from the sole macroeconomic approach, and could truly be analysed at factory level. Why has a plant, that up till then had been farmed to produce alcohol, been subsequently used to produce sugar ? What incidence has the lack of a sugar-producing tradition had on technological options ? How has it favoured the development of that industry, tackled the problem of the innovation process, and implemented a local technical model that was to be exported within the region, to the Malayan Straits, and as far as the West Indies and Brazil ? In what way has slavery, on account of its inflexibility, finally impeded the action of the planters turned entrepreneurs whose factories have, from then on, become the "missing link" between the failure of the first abolition (1794-1796) and the success of the second (1848) ?
Chastel, Jean-Marc. "Le rôle des institutions dans l'évolution de la filière canne à sucre à La Réunion." Montpellier, ENSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ENSA0024.
Full textDe, Gentile Astrid. "Les franco-mauriciens : étude ethno-géographique. Évolution et transformation socio-économique de la communauté franco-mauricienne à l'île Maurice." Bordeaux 3, 1997. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1997BOR30013.
Full textUntil the independence in 1968, Mauritius has been dependent on its sugar monoproduction. Weakened by a system relying on a mono-economy, it engaged itself for the past 30 years toward the agricultural diversification and the modernisation of its economy. In order to do that, it had to rely on the sugar manufacturer's behalf. The capitals coming from the sugar, at that time was the only vector on the Mauritian economy which was going to be invested towards new and modern objectives, being the E. P. Z. (export processing zone), installed by the government in 1970, and the tourist industry. Today the Franco Mauritians continue to master the capital from the sugar manufactures, control the major textile group of the E. P. Z. (Floreal knitwear) and the most prestigious hotels belonging to the sun and beach-comber groups. Coming from the first French migrators at the early days of colonisation in the 18th century, the Franco Mauritians today only represent a very small minority in this multi-ethnic community of Mauritius. Approximately 7000, they make less than 1% of the total population. Extremely attached to their origins, the Franco Mauritians seem to have stay in a traditional social structure. The family still plays a predominant and determinant role. The endogamy system is still frequent and explains the "preservation of the ethnic group". The opening up towards the other communities remains essentially socio-economic. It's the strong social cohesion among the group, being traditional, which explains it's economic and dynamic strength in which evoluate the Franco Mauritian group. A short fail in this social cohesion will, without any doubt, weaken the economy of this community
Poiré, Cécile. "Phénomènes de corrosion dans l’industrie sucrière : comportement de l’acier inoxydable à 17% de chrome dans les évaporateurs." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD035.
Full textPelaez, Alvarez Victor Manoel. "Le processus d'innovation dans le domaine des édulcorants intenses." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON10061.
Full textTHE RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS HAS TAKEN PLACE WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF AN EVOLVING SWEETENERS MARKET CHARACTERISED BY CONTINUAL PRODUCT SUBSTITUTION. THE INTRODUCTION TO THE MARKET OF A SYNTHETIC SWEETENER, ASPARTAME, strengthED THIS PROCESS, NOT ONLY WITH RESPECT TO "ARTIFICIAL SUGARS" BUT ALSO THROUGH THE POTENTIAL TO REPLACE "NATURAL" OR "CALORIFIC" SUGARS. THE SUBJECT OF THIS STUDY IS THE ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION, IN PARTICULAR WITH RESPECT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING OF ASPARTAME. THE AIM IS TO SHOW THAT THIS PROCESS HAS BEEN CHARACTERISED BY AN EFFECTIVE SHIFT TOWARDS THE FOOD SECTOR IN THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING FRAMEWORK OF THE PHARMACEUTICL INDUSTRY, ALONG WITH AN INTERNAL ADAPTATION BY THE FIRM TOA NEW PRODUCTION SYSTEM. THUS, THE INNOVATION PROCESS IS EXPLAINED BY THE JOINT EVOLUTION OF THE FIRM'S RESEARCH ANA DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY AND THE CONDITIONS OF COMP0ETITION IN ITS ENVIRONMENT
Berman, Hugo. "Les petits et les moyens agriculteurs de canne à sucre de Simoca (Tucuman, Argentine) : organisation interne et articulation." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030095.
Full textThe farmers have been characterized according to the organisation of their farms and fonctions inside a sugar agro-industrial complexe. After a theorie discusion about the peasantry, we propose the use of original categories adapted to this concrete reality. To abtain our objective it was necessary, to begin with, an historic approach over the origins of the sugar cane culture, the characteristics of farmers, and the role of states as guardian and regulator of this activity. This evolution, in tucuman, manifests itself through an agrarian structure characterized by the extreme concentration subdivision of land. The sugar cane culture presents these same characteristics and the labor market has adapted to its cycle of production. Field work of simoca constating that it does not escape from the characteristics above mentioned, except that it is a marginal region for the sugar cane activity wich in fact means the deteriorisatyion of the way of life of small farmers. Lastly, we try a pronostic about the small and middle farmers future vis-a-vis the new policy of economic deregulation, set in place in 1991, after more than a century of state's protection and regulation of the sugar cane activity
Bonnet, Natacha. "Seigneurs et planteurs, entre Ouest Atlantique et Antilles : quatre familles du XVIIIe siècle." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT3034.
Full textAmongst all the french colonies of the Ancien Régime, the french part of the island of Saint-Domingue is the one which is really considered as the country to make easy money in a short time. The migrants of the West Atlantique have been numerous there : volunteers workers, merchants and plantation owners. We make study of the last ones, in considering the statute of colonies inhabitants only, in order to understand who invests in islands and how is managed this appropriation of the colonial land. The social typology of plantation owners, except merchant network, necessarlly refers to an elite, middle-class or ennobled, landed private means. The landed study has been considered in looking jointly the management, then the profits of possessions in both sides of Atlantique, as sugar canes’ benefits than the income of exploitations in West Atlantique. This arises also the question of economic et social interactions of the colonial management model, particularly speculative and integrated in international trade, of the french domain one. This comparative study demands to consider precisely families cases, in following the possessions’ evolution on several generations. Four examples of families of ligérien area were confronted
Richer, Yves-Marcelle. "L' industrie du rhum à la Martinique : l'appellation d'origine contrôlée : une stratégie de différenciation qualitative dans le contexte de la mondialisation." Antilles-Guyane, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0122.
Full textOver the last three decades, the rum undustry in Martinique has gone through a deep change which has, at various levels, affected its human, material, technical, economic and spatial components. When it got the "appellation contrôlée" in 1996, the agricultural Martinican rum became a reference. As a result, it can insist upon the specificities of its native soil, its geografic roots, and also upon the heritage of a tradition and a know-how which is wholly codified today by the AOC legislation. This seal of quality turns an ordinary colonial produce into a special, high standard liquor, which confers to Martinique, formerly "sugar island", then "rum island", a new status based on the specificity and quality of its rum production. Today, the rum industry is at the heart of a true cultural and economic dynamic wich can be expressed in three points: first, the rum production meets the demand insufficiently, second, some planters have returned to the cultivation of sugar cane to make up to the lack of raw material, third, the productions units are more performant and have also become recreational sites for the tourist and local population. Moreover, due to the important commercial flows generated by exports, the rum is confronted with the issues of globalisationand is in keeping with a system of space that fit on the local, national and international scale. Therefore, this research aims at studying what is at stake in the processes of qualification of agricultural rum, at determining the assets anconstraints of this specific label and at measuring its spatial and economic consequences at the various scale
Grondin, Thierry. "Étude de la composition aromatique de mélasse de canne de La Réunion : mise en évidence de précurseurs d'arôme de nature glycosidique : données supplémentaires sur le non-sucre." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_06_Grondin.pdf.
Full textTouchelay, Marie-Christine. "La Guadeloupe, une île entreprise, des années 1930 aux années 1960 : les entrepreneurs, le territoire, l’État." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD009/document.
Full textThe objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of sugar companies in Guadeloupe's history. Established and then maintained by France, they delay the development of a public space as well as the apprenticeship in the concept of public service, thus inviting to qualify this territory as an enterprise island. Embodied by the group of entrepreneurs who administer them locally from the 1930s to the 1960s, the domination of the sugar industry is based on the sugar island's legacy, which constitutes its strength through its long-standing activity as much as its weakness by the stigma of slavery that weighs on entrepreneurial relations. Created in the 1930s, when the colonial state made the economy dependent on its sugar industry, the Guadeloupe employers' group transformed it into a island for sugar, dependent on the export of its sugar cane monoculture. The disruption of exports during the Second World War does not hinder the sugar industry from surviving on an island now a stockpile island, highlighting the absurdity of the economic system. Having been comforted by colonization, the same sugar entrepreneurs are still active after the island becomes a french department in 1946 and confirms its status as an enterprise island. The decline of sugar companies coincides with the cessation of the professional activity of most of the actors who made them live, leaving the field open to a public service apprenticeship by the territory from the late 1960s onwards
Saucedo-Castañeda, Gerardo. "Contrôle du métabolisme de "Schwanniomyces castellii" cultivé sur support solide." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20272.
Full textLaw-Hang, Stéphane. "L' histoire de l'engagisme à la Réunion au XIXème siècle : heurs et malheurs de l'habillage juridique d'une réalité servile dans le bassin de l'Océan Indien (1828-1914)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32052.
Full textThe 1817 abolition of the slave trade occurred at the same time that Réunion turned to sugar monoculture. How and by what means was the local government of the Mascarene Islands to contribute to the economic strategy of this French colony?For the most part of twenty years, the Bourbonnais inhabitants resorted to contractual immigration,also known as indenture. It would be extremely hazardous to give precise statistics in such a context where the colonial administration was confronted with an important degree of illicit workforce trade. Nevertheless, considering the legal procedure that lasted an entire century, the political input seems undeniable. This contractual commitment was first and foremost aimed at newly arrived immigrants but also spread to the freed slaves of 1848. Needless to say, the mass worker's legal status had far more to do with social considerations - such as the habits of their old masters - than with a strict legal or juridical system. Based essentially on archive documents, this thesis recounts the history of indenture
Rassaert, Charles. "Succès et déboires des biocombustibles au Brésil, et utilisation de la politique énergétique de l'éthanol comme atout diplomatique jusque en 2012." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040038.
Full textIn 1973, after sugar crisis and first oil shock, Brazil was willing to reboost its economy. It decided then to bet on an innovative energetic program, issued from the sugar cane culture: the proalcool plan. Before ending in a fiasco, this project overhaul the brazilians farms, encouraged by the strong sugar sector. Thirty years later, the brazilian president Luiz Ignacio da Silva, known as « Lula », gave a new boost to the production of ethanol fuel and this during his whole two mandats. First producer of sugar in the world, Brazil uses this raw material to reduce the percentage of oil expense and contribute to fighting against global warming. With its stunning fast-paced growth,the Brazil of Lula spellbound the international comunity and the brazilian president is welcomed in Northern and developing countries – especially in Africa – to promote ethanol fuel. The aim of this strategy is to settle the brazilian position within the international community and make Brazil a new energetic country, worried about the environmental protection. The roadmap Brazil gave itself, was hard to follow. In competition with a very active biofuels fields in the United States, Brazil is also very hardly criticized by the international community (UN).These critics mainly focus on the accusation of increasing world hunger and to affect its own environment. Because of this, biofuels field suffered an increasing number of setbacks. Back against the wall, the sector is tryingto adapt and Brazil is still holding the line
Gauthierot, Murielle. "Aménagement territorial et transformation sociale : l'entreprise Beauport à la Guadeloupe." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070013.
Full textThesis is about regional development and society change in guadeloupe. The special organization of Guadeloupe insular territory and society change are possible thanks to beauport firm which used to produce brut cane sugar from 1813 to 1990. Colonial authority gives this economic role to archipel of guadeloupe when colonial power appropriates all islands. Thesis'approach is a graphic experimentation on Beauport firm has been chosedin order to analyze guadeloupe entry in globalization and the way to color prejuged social and spatial organization over skin color. Sugar habitation called beauport becomes industrial plantation systemis. Both are the substance of thesis in order to understand opening all around the world. Caribean is avant-garde construction inside globalization
Boudet, Catherine. "Les franco-mauriciens entre Maurice et l'Afrique du Sud : identité, stratégies migratoires et processus de recommunautarisation." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40045.
Full textCazelles, Nathalie. "Évolution et adaptation des industries sucrière et rhumière en Guyane, XVIIe-XXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4038/document.
Full textThe history of the sugar industry in French Guiana has fluctuated since its beginnings between fascination and despair, because of the misleading luxuriant forest which seemed to imply a prosperous future to it. This adventure is naturally related to the history of the sugar industries of the Americas, but has only recently been considered as a research subject by the French historians, even if it is totally involved in the colonial history of America. A cause of such a delay may be due to a “painful” and “shameful” feeling regarding these years of the past. Archives are subjective and silent about a great part of the history (daily life of the settlers and their slaves, settlement strategies, evolution in the landscapes,…). This fact may have hidden all the interest that brings the sugar industry to understand the colonial phenomenon. The present work lies on an analysis of the difficulties met by the settlers who wanted to establish a profitable sugar- then rum-industry in French Guiana, and aims to show the importance and prominent role that colonial archaeology in French Guiana must play in the elaboration of a more exhaustive and consistent vision of this territory. A first part deals with the high constraint of the Amazonian environment upon a human settlement; a second part will bring to the fore how imperative it is to know the territory and its past due to the conditions of an archaeological research in French Guiana. Eventually, the presentation of the author’s archaeological works allows to insist on the human ingenuity to continuously adapt to the environment
Cochet-Giraud, Nelly. "Les Cellulases de Trichoderma reesei production et application /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604010n.
Full textSoobadar, Aneeza. "Impacts agronomiques et environnementaux de l'épandage de vinasse et de cendre de charbon/bagasse sur les terres agricoles de l'Île Maurice." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464233.
Full textCordova, Lopez Jesus Antonio. "Isolement, identification et physiologie des champignons thermophiles en vue de la production de lipases par fermentation en milieu solide." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20037.
Full textChabriat, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse énergétique de procédés de fabrication en sucrerie de cannes : étude théorique et expérimentale." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10014.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the creation of tools in order to analyse energy balances in manufacturing within a sugar mill. This work should also implement the basis of another tool enabling us to produce a diagnosis on the working of sugar mill. This research relies on diverse subjects such as energetics, thermochemistry, metrology, numerical analysis and data-processing. Following our introduction to the industrial process of milling sugar, we have then realized bibliographical studies about basic tools of energetic analysis of sugar manufacturing: energetic balances theory, the thermophysic of the constituants and the review of thermical balances in a sugar mill. An energetic analysis enabled us to reveal the essential action of the evaporation unit in the distribution of steam energy in the core of the sugar mill. We have built up both a physical and mathematical model of this process based on energetic balances equations of open thermodynamics systems. At the same rime, a portable device has been elaborated in order to realize measurements of thermodynamic quantities experimentally accessible. Thanks to the analyses led as well as the measurements gathered at the sugar mill of Beaufonds, several tools have been created. A computer programm relying on the physical model elaborated by ourselves has been run in three energetic models of calculation i. E. : data processing, global model and combined model. We validate our study by analysing comparatively and accurately the different results
Cadet, Catherine. "Modélisation et étude d'une commande automatique d'un procédé industriel d'évaporation en sucrerie de cannes." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10189.
Full textTozy, Rita. "Compréhension et optimisation du traitement biologique anaérobie des coproduits de l’industrie sucrière." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC075.
Full textThe growing international demand for energy and water constitutes a significant challenge for modern industry. Integrated in a sugar and ethanol factory, anaerobic digestion can provide an environmentally friendly solution by using organic matter co-products to provide energy that can partially cover the factory’s needs. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the study of the anaerobic digestion of sugar beet pulps and distillery vinasses. We used a multiscale approach to achieve the two main objectives: understanding the biological phenomena involved and analyzing the technological problems that can occur in the digesters. We first demonstrated the feasibility of the anaerobic digestion of beet pulps in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) without water addition. Thermophilic digestion was effective and we achieved a high degradation of pulps with satisfactory biogas yields. The thermophilic process could operate stably up to an organic loading rate of 5 to 5,9 kg VS.m-3.d-1. The biodegradability of pulps was very high and allowed to obtain a VS destruction of 88,1% with a specific methane production of 0,353 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. Next, the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of vinasses revealed the limits of the CSTR process for the treatment of this high strength distillery wastewater. The maximum loading rate reached was between 2 and 3 kg COD.m-3.d-1, with a specific methane production of 0,344 Nm3 CH4.kg-1 VS. However, the accumulation of volatile fatty acid salts, even at low organic loading rates, indicated an imbalance between acidogenic and methanogenic microflora. From a biological perspective, we assumed that the high salt concentration of vinasses (up to 41,3 mS/cm) is the main obstacle to the development and activity of microorganisms, as a two-reaction model (AM2) showed low specific growth rate of methanogens. The partial extraction of salts by electrodialysis allowed to remove a part of this inhibition, while their dilution led, at equivalent organic loading rate, to the reduction of the residence time by a factor 4. This was achieved without decreasing methane yield, while also reducing concentrations of acetate and propionate in the digester. To enable process intensification, biomass recycling in the digester, after the centrifugation, was tested to compensate for their low specific growth rates; loading rates reached 7 kg COD.m-3.d-1. We subsequently put in place a strategy for digesters control, to ensure effective monitoring. Finally, we had to characterize the digestates and to consider their different treatment paths. (evapoconcentration, solid / liquid separation, ...) before final valorization. For the industrial scale up, we envisage the successive treatment of the coproducts according to their availability: pulps during the sugar campaign and then vinasses in the intercampaign. As such, we also studied the transition periods and demonstrated the feasibility of a mixed feed, without reducing the loading rate. For such a project, we would choose mesophilic temperature conditions, more favorable for the treatment of a product like vinasses. A system for biomass recycling, whose efficiency was demonstrated, must be installed when the vinasses are treated. The system needs to be compatible with the treatment of the two substrates proposed, for example centrifugation or filtration
Sanchez, Prieto Mario Gabriel. "Alternativas de cogeração na industria sucro-alcooleira : estudo de caso." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264856.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Doutorado
Cruz, Daily Barbara Vega. "La production du rhum et du sucre à Cuba. Valorisation du patrimoine industriel de la ville de Cárdenas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27743.
Full textYamada-Desnos, Alice. "Patrimoine industriel et lieux de mémoires à Taiwan : l'exemple des raffineries de sucre et de leurs reconversions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3057.
Full textThis research, based on a field study and on archives analysis, aims to understand the history and the transition into touristic spots of industrial complexes dedicated to sugar as well as their integration into the Taiwanese cultural heritage. After presenting the origins of sugar and it’s implantation in Taiwan, we will address the island’s economical history in a chronological manner in order to better understand the context in which these industrial complexes were created and later closed. Then, by recounting the history of modern architecture and urbanism in Japan and Japanese colonies, we will explain the spatial and architectural organization of these sites, built as advanced models of modern industrial communities. An overview of the present remains and of the elements that are now gone will enable us to highlight the Taiwanese heritage’s current state of preservation. Furthermore, to point out that even though some buildings are still in perfect condition, others have undergone destruction or heavy architectural modifications after 1945. Finally, detailing of the current transition into touristic venues of these sites will inform us, on one hand, on the projects dedicated to bringing back to life old industrial complexes by transforming them into « cultural parks » and, on the other hand, on the way the Taiwanese want to showcase a heritage they have rediscovered starting in the early nineties. Furthermore, we will bring to light what kind of discourses have been chosen (and by whom), when the history of these sites and their working class memory are presented, in Taiwan’s underlying context of intense inter-ethnic and political conflicts of the past few decades
Mire, Marcelle-Astrid. "Séparation des biopolymères du tronc de bananier en milieu acide organique : cellulose, lignines et sucres." Antilles-Guyane, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AGUY0111.
Full textDelgenes, Jean-Philippe. "Production d'éthanol à partir de sucres dérivés des hémicelluloses par Pichia stipitis." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20003.
Full textLambert, Charlène. "Simulation et optimisation énergétique de procédés agroalimentaires dans un logiciel de génie chimique. Modélisation du séchage convectif d'aliments solides et application à une sucrerie de betteraves." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA004.
Full textTo face recent European regulations, the food industry has a critical need for IT tools to simulate their entire factory to reconcile industrial data and optimize energy consumption. Such software exist in the field of chemical engineering. They are limited to mixtures of gases and liquids whose thermo-physical properties can be correctly predicted by thermodynamic models. To date, no commercial software is able to simulate most food unit operations and calculate the required thermophysical properties of foods, especially solid foods. A first part of this Ph.D. is dedicated to the development of a model of hot air drying of solid food. This model is being added to the ProSimPlus® unit operation module database. It has been validated in the laboratory scale for the drying of 4 products of different compositions and geometries. Its simulation time is significantly higher than the one of the other modules of ProSimPlus®. To overcome this issue, an innovative method of drying model reduction has been developed. To facilitate the characterization work of a new product, a new and rapid method for identifying the apparent diffusivity of water by a reverse approach was also developed. A second part of this PhD focuses on the simulation and energy optimization of a sugar beet factory, in collaboration with V.E.R.I. All the unit operations of the factory were modeled with ProSimPlus® using only modules of -food non-specific- unit operations. Data reconciliation has been performed and deviation between simulated and industrial data were below 1 %. Energy optimization of the sugar factory was performed by combining thermal and exergy analyses. In this study, technical solutions were proposed to significantly reduce the total irreversibility, the cold utility requirement and the mass flow-rate of high pressure steam supplying the factory
Andlauer, Leticia. "Jouer la romance dans Amour Sucré : la construction adolescente au regard des pratiques et productions de l'industrie du jeu vidéo en France." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H031.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to study the construction of young and female audiences in the cultural industries, and more specifically in the video game industry. It questions the identity construction of adolescent girls regarding to productions from cultural industries. Thus, this work focuses on girls’ culture through the study of a video game genre called otome game. These games are produced in Japan since 1996, and have been imported in Europe and North America since the mid-2000s.Otome game means “maiden game,” but the terms dating simulation or dating game are sometimes used to name these productions. These games target young women audiences, and offer them to embody a heroine surrounded by men and follow a scenario. Romance is the main subject in these games, indeed the aim is to build a love story with one of the seductive men. This thesis intends to analyze a “romance game” named Amour Sucré (Sweet Crush in England, and my Candy Love in the United States). This French production of the studio Beemoov uses graphic and interactive conventions from otome games.This work thus questions adolescent identity construction, through adolescent representations within the video game industry. It focuses on the feminine gender and the romantic universe in Amour Sucré. For this, an ethnographic survey has been conducted at the studio Beemoov. This investigation has involved interviewing employees to understand their strategies in creating game content.Another way to question the design of this game has been to conduct a detailed analysis on the game device. The goal has been to understand the game mechanics which allow actions to perform for the players. The aim was also to clarify the constitution of the media representations conveyed by this game, both in its narrative and graphic content and game mechanics.Finally, the third part of this work presents an ethnographic study of young players of Amour Sucré. This survey includes interviews with a panel of fifteen young girls and young women. It also includes an observation of homes and more specifically girl’s bedrooms. This ethnography aims to understand how the practice of Amour Sucré is constructed as part of a set of leisure activities and especially digital entertainment (social networks, blogging, sharing creations, consulting website information…).Finally, this thesis aims to understand the links between the strategies of the producers, the game design and the practices from audiences. This thesis work highlights the fact that the practices of young girls extend beyond Amour Sucré’s universe. So, the issues of construction of young female audiences are revealed through the observation of sets of media practices conducted by young players in their daily lives. This thesis demonstrates how the “romance games” are included in the girl’s cultures