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Şenol, Nurgül Eren Ülker Çınar Kenan. "Sazan (Cyprinus carpio) ve sudak (Stizostedion lucioperca) balıklarında gastrointestinal kanalın histokimyasal yapısı ve bazı peptidlerin lokalizasyonu /." Isparta : SDÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2009. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TF01289.pdf.
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El-Shafie, Hamadttu Abdel-Farag. "The use of neem products for sustainable management of homopterous key pests on potato and eggplant in the Sudan." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962904511.
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Okroi, Eiman. "Weibliche Genitalverstümmelung im Sudan /." [S.l.] : Akademos, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402460708.
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Cuenca, Jara Edith Yrina, Espinoza Gisela Gamarra, Flores Lillian Janett Velásquez, and Delgado Ítalo Zeballos. "Vive Bien – Sumak Kawsay." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625300.
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Con el presente trabajo buscamos apoyar a todas aquellas personas que busquen tener una calidad de vida saludable, a través de la comida.
En los primeros dos capítulos del presente proyecto mostraremos la idea y el modelo de negocio que representa “Sumak Kawsay”, así como la presentación del equipo que ha creado este proyecto.
Mediante el transcurso del tercer capítulo se expondrá el planeamiento estratégico utilizado, el cual propondrá los lineamientos a seguir para lograr que el proyecto tenga éxito; es en este mismo capítulo en el que daremos a conocer la visión, misión y objetivos de la empresa.
Posteriormente se mostrará el diseño y la metodología de investigación de mercado que se utilizo para la validación del proyecto.
En el quinto capítulo, hemos planteado un plan de marketing, a través del cual explicaremos las estrategias a seguir para llegar a los potenciales clientes y se dará a conocer el desarrollo del márquetin mix.
En el siguiente capítulo, explicamos de cual será nuestro plan de operaciones y como se ejecutará para hacer caminar el proyecto.
El capítulo siete contempla nuestro plan de recursos humanos, organigrama y nomina.
Como parte final y fundamental esta el capitulo octavo, presentamos nuestro plan financiero, a través del cual hacemos una evaluación de los flujos de caja del proyecto, la inversión que requerirá para iniciar operaciones, los indicadores de rentabilidad y su tendencia.
Por último, mostraremos las conclusiones necesarias para el proyecto.With this project we seek to support all those people who are looking to have a healthy quality of life, through food. In the first two chapters of the project we will show the idea and the business model represented by "Sumak Kawsay", as well as the presentation of the team that has created this project. Through the course of the third chapter, the strategic planning used will be presented, which will propose the guidelines to follow in order to make the project successful; it is in this same chapter that we will present the vision, mission and objectives of the company. Subsequently, the design and market research methodology that was used to validate the project will be shown. In the fifth chapter, we have proposed a marketing plan, through which we will explain the strategies to be followed in order to reach potential customers and we will inform about the development of the marketing project. In the next chapter, we explain what our plan of operations will be and how it will be executed to make the project walk. Chapter Seven contemplates our human resources plan, organization chart and payroll. As final and fundamental part is the eighth chapter, we present our financial plan, through which we evaluate the cash flows of the project, the investment that will be required to start operations, the profitability indicators and their trend. Finally, we will show the necessary conclusions for the project.
Trabajo de investigación
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Masabala, Josiah. "An investigation into the extent to which the socio-economic dimension is addressed in attempts to manage the North-South Sudanese Conflict : with a particular focus on the comprehensive peace agreement of 2005." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1551.
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The socio-economic dimension of conflicts has enjoyed increasing attention in research dealing with the dynamics of contemporary conflict. The underlying assumption of this study is that the socio-economic dimension of conflict can be hugely informative in terms of providing an understanding as to why peace agreements fail and in that sense can contribute to the resolution of conflicts if taken into account during the formulation of peace agreements. This study explores the way in which conflict theory has dealt with conflict and determines to what degree peace agreements in the Sudan have taken into consideration the socio-economic dimension of the conflict between the North and South Sudan since February 1972 to January 2005. This study proposes a number of recommendations in terms of the peace process in the Sudan with possible wider application to other future peace agreements.
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Leek, Deng Manyang. "Public financial accountability in the ministry of finance and economic planning: South Sudan, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007108.
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This research project mainly focuses on the public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning for South Sudan. According to the Public Service Regulations, the government has a duty and responsibility to deliver services to its entire people. In other words, the government exists primarily for the welfare of the people, by creating public institutions to render services delivery and developmental programmes for the communities. There are no government institutions that can function without the provision of finance resources (money). The management of the finances is one of the most important and critical tasks of the government, which requires public financial accountability from the political role-players and public officials, concerned with the use of public money (to be accountable). However the level of service delivery that citizens have to expect depends mostly on standardized public financial accountability of public money (revenue income) by the role players, and public officials in the institutions as integral part of public financial management. Any organization that manages and reports on its finances mitigates the risk of finances, builds good quality and openness into its financial and non financial analyses, monitors the sustainability of benefits and reflects sound financial accountability. Public financial accountability is a specific field that intended to as a tool use for the economy, efficient and effective administration of public money for render of service delivery to the citizens and the developmental programmes for the better live condition or general welfare of the communities. The study was motivated by the issue of public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning for both, during the interim period of six years and after independence in, 2011 for the government of South Sudan which has influenced socio- economic concern, as a result many communities in South Sudan have no access to basic services delivery. Research instruments which solicited quantitative and qualitative data were used to collect information from a sample of management officials and administrative staffs within the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning The research sought to identify the challenges faced and their causes and the ways of improving efficiency and effectiveness of public financial accountability in the ministry of finance and economic planning. The focus of public financial accountability is ranging from the stages of revenue collection, keeping/saving, treasury regulations, money transfer and budget expenditure, etc that can be achieved by transparency, financial reporting statements, control, and audit, as well as good ethical behavior for good performance in the public institutions, this is because maladministration practices of public finance have an impact in rendering of service delivery’s performance. This research focuses on the level of preparedness for accountability and financial accountability with regard to public financial management in the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning. Particularly, it explored the laws, policies, procedures, rules and regulations governing implementation of public money, systems in place to oversee this process as well as the capacity of the role-players and public officials in this respective ministry. It further examined how finances have been used for the rendering of service delivery to the communities. In order to accomplish the objectives of this study, a literature study as well as empirical research was undertaken. For the empirical research, questionnaires as well as various types of interviews were used. For proportionate representation efficiency as well as cost effectiveness, the research used a sample of 26 respondents. These included 6 Financial Management Officers, 4 Directors General, 14 finance administrative Staffs, 1 Auditor-General, 1 Chair Person of Anti-Corruption Commission Exploratory statistics and methods were utilized to analyze the data collected so as to measure the reaction to the research questions and objectives under scrutiny. The research disclosed that the public financial accountability in the Ministry of Finance and Economic planning is a new approach that facilitates changes and growth by improving the ways of control public money. The study also found that the standardized laws, policies rules and regulations, and procedures for implementation for public financial accountability have been developed, but not implemented to achieve the stated goals. Also some other important documents are not yet developed. The findings attested to recommendations that, this research will help the policy makers to reformulate the policy; help the implementers or administrators the planners or the managers of the programmes to modify or adjust the programme; to help professionals or academician including those who may research in the area or field; it will help in filling gap in that particular academic dimension or field. The study made recommendations that, the public financial accountability must be improved in the ministry of finance and economic planning, through standardized policies and structures, procedures, transparent and accountable, financial reporting statements and control pertaining to public money. There is a great need for further research in this area of public financial management. This may not be restricted to the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning only but to all other state ministries where the utilization of public money has already been established.
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Wani, Mary Apayi Ayiga. "Leadership and accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF): a case study of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State, Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007150.
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This study is based on Leadership & Accountability in managing the Constituency Development Fund (CDF), the case of Yei River County (YRC) of Central Equatoria State, Republic of South Sudan (RSS). CDF is one of the initiatives of the government of South Sudan created by a legislation of Parliament to compliment development of the community needs as they expect more from the government of the day. The CDF Act 2007 which was passed by the parliament stipulated structures that govern the operation of the fund in terms of management, leadership and accountability to enhance effective and efficient provision of services to the people. The CDF Act provided that fund allocated to the MPs is to address the challenges that face the communities such as construction of schools, health facilities, water, roads and government facilities but not for personal interest or individual use. The problem that motivated the researcher to explore the performance of the CDF was inadequate service to the community although the government has allocated funds to each constituency channeled through the members of parliament to improve the socio-economic status of the community. The research looked at how the CDF roles, functions, and procedure were applied in the utilization of the funds to ensure efficiency. It analysed and evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of management of CDF to promote service delivery in the constituencies of Yei, Ottogo, Tore and Mugwo Payams. The study investigated the following questions: How is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) been managed and utilized by the Members of Parliament (MPs) to promote development in their constituencies? To what extent is the Constituency Development Fund (CDF) used in accordance with the provisions of the CDF Act (2007)? To what extent does the CDF achieve its objective in promoting development to meet the aspirations of the people within the constituencies? And, what is the nature of the relationship between the MPs, the community and the County Local Authority in relation to the CDF? The study also examined the linkage between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at grass-root levels in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. The study used both descriptive and explanatory techniques to guide the researcher in gathering information required on the best of CDF practice in Yei River County which were carried out using interviews, focus group discussion and observation. Twenty (20) respondents comprising of head of departments, women, youth, MPs of both parliaments - the National and the State, chiefs, councilors, CDF committees from the four constituencies mentioned above were interviewed about the use of the CDF. The study reveals that there are no clear linkages between the various committees formed by the CDF Act 2007 to guide the implementation of the fund as well as the projects at the grass-root level in regards to monitoring and evaluation process. In addition to this, less participation of the community in identification, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the CDF community projects was one of the contributing factors that affected the effectiveness and efficiency of the result. Although creation of CDF has effect in some of the areas of the county, it requires more improvement in the implementation process to increase development in other areas. Based on these findings, the study argues that for the best of the CDF utilization, leadership and accountability which are components of the Public Administration Discipline that enhances efficiency in the public institutions need to be put into practice. Hence, rigorous application of the CDF rules, regulations and procedures is paramount in managing the utilization of the fund allocated for the purpose of development.
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Matata, Khamis Charles. "Evaluating integrated participatory planning in a decentralised governance system: the case of Yei River County, Southern Sudan." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006985.
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Local government is an important level of participatory democracy, where communities play an active role not only as the electorate, but also as end-users and consumers, and thereby holding their municipal councils accountable for their actions. Given the above statement, the interim Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan 2011, entrusts local government with the provision of services to communities in a sustainable manner. It also provides for the promotion of social and economic development and the promotion of a safe and healthy environment. This also entails the need for a commitment to service delivery hence, public representatives and public officials must take seriously their obligation to render services to the people that could be in the form of ensuring that refuse gets collected, electricity being supplied and other services rendered which better the general welfare of citizens. There are several definitions of public participation, but it can be defined as a process of empowering citizens by involving them in making decisions on all issues that concern them, which can be political, social or economic. The main aim of this study was to, investigate and identify the nature and extent of integrated participatory planning in Yei River County and the extent to which opportunities for public participation are accessible to the communities. The study sought to investigate: How different stakeholders in the community in Yei River County make use of public participation opportunities during the integrated participatory planning process? As such, the main objectives of the study were to; to assess the existing integrated participatory planning practices in Yei River County, to examine and evaluate how the existing integrated participatory planning practices influence service delivery in Yei River County and lastly to identify the barriers to effective integrated participatory planning in YRC and advance recommendations for improvement. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used and data was collected from a sample of two hundred and twenty-six (226) public officials, comprising of Local Government officials, County councillors and members of the public. Results from the data collected using open and close-ended questionnaires, showed that public participation is very important in local government planning as it leads to incorporation of public suggestions and interests in the development strategies. The results further showed that public meetings and workshops were the only public participation mechanisms being used by Yei River County. The study therefore recommended among other things that, Yei River County should strengthen public participation in integrated participatory planning by providing adequate skilled human resources and establishing structures, as well as public participation mechanisms at the Payam and Boma levels. It was also recommended that the communities needed to utilise all available mechanisms of participation to ensure maximum participation during the integrated participatory planning processes.
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Towongo, Oba Cicilia Tito. "Examining the role of local government County legislative council in promoting service delivery in South Sudan, case of Yei River County, Central Equatoria State." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007097.
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This Study was conducted in Yei River County, Central Equatoria State the Republic of South Sudan from July-December/2012 under the topic: Examining the role of Local Government County Legislative Council in promoting service delivery. The Legislative Council in Yei was established since 2007 inaccordance with the provisions of the Transition Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011:166, LG Act, 2009:8-29 and Governors’ Decree dated 25/August/2007 with the mandate to enact laws and policies and supervise the Executive to implement its decisions. The study investigated into why there was under performance of Legislative Council in promoting service delivery in Yei River County (YRC) and how can service delivery be improved in YRC. The findings revealed that, the capacity of the Council is low in making appropriate decisions and supervising the Executive to implement its decisions, it lacks the necessary working requirements to facilitate its duties, some of its directives are not implemented by the Executive and negative attitudes towards the work of the Council by some members of the Executive. Despite the difficulties encountered, the Council was able to enact 31 laws, conducted some joint consultative meetings on County projects and the study recommended that, the relevant institutions of Local Government to review the irregularities in the Local Government Act of 2009 to regulate the duties of the Council and to guide the recruitment of the future Councillors, training of the Councillors to improve performance, improve the working conditions of the Council, conduct public awareness on the role of the Council and promotion of exchange programs for further learning purposes. The significance of this study is that, the topic was good according to the participants, the recommendations of the study may be adopted by the Local Government Authorities to address the identified gaps and challenges facing the Council not only in Yei River County but also in other parts of the Country and finally, the report may be used by the University of Fort Hare for further Academic purposes and/or other interested individuals/institutions or organizations of the same or similar objectives.
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Johansson, Samuel. "IAS Water project in Sudan." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Civil Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1021.
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Northern Bahr el Ghazal area in southwestern part of Sudan was severely affected by the civil wars in Sudan. This has led to lacks of development in most areas, not least water supply. In combination with a high number of refugees returning to the area the water situation is very difficult.
This study is made to investigate how the water project of International Aid Services (IAS) is working. First I wanted to get a good image of the different areas connected to the IAS water project such as community mobilization, drilling and water source and sanitation education.
At the time of my studies the Community Mobilization Unit (CMU) had just began their work, therefore the system with Water Source and Sanitation Committees had not yet been really implemented. However, some had been formed but not trained.
The drilling is performed using two different methods, Mud Rotary and Air Flush. Mud Rotary is used in clay soil and Air Flush is used in more rocky soil.
One of the main problem issues is transport, mainly transport of drilling machines, well material and water used during drilling. Problems in the means of transport are the terrible conditions of the roads which also lead to terrible conditions of the vehicles, especially the heavy vehicles which are very old.
Another main problem is supplies, especially supplies of spares for the vehicles and equipment but also food and other essentials. Many things have to be brought from other countries via Khartoum and then by lorry to Northern Bahr el Ghazal.
One of my conclusions is that much weight must be put on the county community mobilization to really involve the local people in the project so that they feel responsible for the well after it has been handed over. This is crucial to get full impact of the project.
Another conclusion is that if supplies could be handled through Southern Sudan (Juba) it could cut down transport time and costs. But this cannot be realized yet since the range of things in Juba is rather limited compared to Khartoum.
Finally I believe that the personnel must be very observant for coming breakdowns and report this immediately to enable ordering spares, etc. as soon as possible and minimize the time standing still.
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Saltzman, Jeffrey Reynolds Andrew. "Risks of consociationalism in Sudan." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,130.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Ahmed, A. A. "Primitive capital accumulation in Sudan." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304739.
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Elbeely, Khalid Hassan. "Privatisation in Sudan since 1990." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399678.
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Elzein, Intisar Soghayroun. "Islamic archaeology in the Sudan /." Oxford : Hadrian Books, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39296614m.
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Efuk, Soforonio Oniama. "Operation Lifeline Sudan (1986-1996)." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2663/.
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This thesis examines the experience of humanitarian relief charity in the Sudan from 1986, the creation of Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS) in April 1989 and its experience to 1996. This historical analysis also situates OLS within the international relief system. OLS experience generally provides an important case study in the mixture of motives and views in contemporary international affairs and the subsequent difficulty we have in theorising within that experience. Throughout 1989-96, OLS was able to establish an environment on which the rights of internally displaced persons to relief food and security was possible. This was within the context o f a continuing civil war, where relief objectives were at odds with the military objectives of the combatants, the diverse views of the donor governments, and the technical difficulties of delivering aid in such circumstances. The instruments used by OLS to gain access to those needing aid involved the use of humanitarian norms, principles and agreements to shame and, sometimes, sanction those denying access. These rhetorical devices are relevant to other war affected areas and constitute a useful development in humanitarian intervention. The theoretical implication of this development for our understanding of international relations is briefly explained in the conclusion.
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Khamis, Emmanuel Abusingia. "An investigation into the recruitment procedures in the Public Service: a case study of the Ministry of Labour, Public Service and Human Resources Development- Republic of South Sudan-Juba." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006965.
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This document is a research report (Thesis) on the topic an Investigation in to the Recruitment Procedures in the Public Service a case study of the Ministry of Labour Public Service and Human Resource Development Republic of South Sudan. In line with the objectives, the study established a significant number of policies and legislations that guide recruitment in the ministry and in the South Sudan Public Service. The findings of the study revealed that recruitment procedures exist in the public service of South Sudan amidst challenges. The researcher provided recommendations to the challenges in the last chapter of this thesis. However, there will be a need for further research on some of the issues that affect recruitment in the ministry as provided by the respondents of this study. These issues are discussed in chapter four. Thus recruitment is very important to research on further in the Public Service of South Sudan so as to ensure efficient and effective service delivery through recruiting competent staff.
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O'Mahony, Geraldine Maria. "Islam in Sudan : identity, citizenship and conflict." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99738.
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This thesis will examine the role of Islamist political parties and what effect their interpretation of national identity has played in dividing the people of Sudan, resulting in two civil wars. It will examine the manifestations and interpretations of Islam and pan-Arabism among the various Islamist parties of Northern Sudan, exploring the ethnic and religious factors which influence Islamist political groups, as well as their social bases which are tied to economics, language, and the conception of a distinctly "Arab" or "African" culture. This thesis will argue that the predominance of these Islamist political parties in the Sudanese government combined with the lack of a Sudanese identity and historical factors have combined to prevent the consolidation of state power, leading to situations of protracted conflict. The imposition, or attempted imposition, of an Islamic identity on the state as a whole prevents unity as it necessarily excludes certain parts of the population as well as disenfranchising those who, whilst they might be Muslim, do not subscribe to the same interpretation of Islamic identity.
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Fabrice, Tambe Endoh. "The efficacy of the United Nations in conflict resolution: a study of the response of the security council to the Darfur conflict in the Sudan." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006233.
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Sudan is located in the Northern part of the African continent and has a total land mass of 2.5 million square kilometres, with an estimated population of about 39.15 million people.1 Before the secession that established the South as an independent state from the North, Sudan was the largest country on the continent and hitherto was administered as a colony under the British mandate. From 1898 the United Kingdom (UK) and Egypt administered Sudan as an Anglo-Egyptian territory but North and South Sudan were administered as separate provinces of the condominium.2 In the early 1920s, the British passed the Closed District Ordinances which stipulated that passports were required for travelling between the two zones. Permits were also required to conduct business from one zone to the other, and totally separate administrations prevailed.3 However, in 1946 the British administration reversed its policy and decided to integrate North and South Sudan under one government. The South Sudanese authorities were informed at the Juba Conference of 1947 that they will be governed in the future under a common administrative authority with the north.5 From 1948, 13 delegates nominated by the British authorities represented the South in the Sudan Legislative Assembly. Many Southerners felt betrayed by the British as they were largely excluded from the new government. To them, it was a strategy by the British aimed at protecting their interest as far as colonial legacy is concerned.6 They complained that the language of the new government was Arabic and they were under represented. Of the eight hundred positions vacated by the British in 1953, only four were given to the Southerners. The political structure in the South was not as organized as that in the North and for this reason, political groupings and parties from the South were not represented at the various conferences that established the modern state of Sudan. As a result, many southerners did not consider Sudan to be a legitimate state. Although the Sudanese state was considered illegitimate by the Southerners, the Sudanese parliament unilaterally declared Sudan’s independence on 1st January 1956.8 Subsequently, the Arab-led Khartoum government reneged on promises it had made to Southerners to create a federal system. This led to a mutiny led by Southern army officers and sparked off a civil war after independence in 1956.9 Besides the issues highlighted above, the Abyei region of Sudan is rich in natural mineral resources and has been a bone of contention between the North and South. It has also affected Darfur negatively as most of the rebel groups involved in the Darfur conflict, like the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equity Movement (JEM), also seek for a share in the wealth of the region.10 However, before the June 2011 referendum, the UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon called for the Sudan to withdraw all police officers from the Abyei region of South Sudan.11 Although the referendum resulted in the Republic of South Sudan, separating it from the North which remains the Republic of Sudan, political views expressed by the provinces in the North region have further captured more attention from the international community.12 The quest for Arab domination is common in this area and, one among the leading regions that have fallen prey to this practice is Darfur
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Hassan, Mustafa Rajaa. "Risk management in the rain-fed sector of Sudan case study, Gedaref Area Eastern Sudan." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2866189&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Mudathir Mohamed. "Studies on the control of insect pests in vegetables (okra, tomato, and onion) in Sudan with special reference to neem preparations." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961140771.
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SPEECE, MARK WILLIAM. "MARKETING IN THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KORDOFAN, SUDAN." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184164.
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Although Sudan is a country with enormous agricultural potential, agriculture has not prospered over the last two decades and Sudan now finds itself a bankrupt net importer of food. Much of the country's agricultural resource base is found in the rainfed agricultural region of Western Sudan, which includes Kordofan. This study focuses on Kordofan, and reports on data gathered during work for the Western Sudan Agricultural Research Project. Rather than following the production orientation usually employed by economists, it addresses issues related to the role of marketing in agricultural economic development. Marketing in Kordofan, as well as production, is subject to disruption because of climatic variations characteristic of arid and semi-arid regions. Extended annual dry periods and droughts distort price performance for agricultural commodities and cause shifts in marketing channel structure. Risk levels are substantially increased for producers and small traders, while at the same time they must take on increased responsibility for many channel functions. Marketing also suffers from infrastructure deficiencies: roads are often impassable during the rainy season, and storage losses become huge over the course of a year. The private marketing system in Kordofan has adapted to these conditions, and is performing quite effectively, efficiently, and equitably, given the adverse conditions. Competition is extensive, farmers have many alternatives when selling crops, and merchants operate on fairly modest profit margins. A widespread bias against the private sector has led to extensive government intervention into marketing spheres. These policies include direct operation of some marketing channels, manipulation of price structures through artificial exchange rates and price controls, and restrictive licensing practices. Wherever such policies have been applied in Kordofan, they have led to declining production of government controlled crops, they have restricted competition in marketing channels, and they have lowered living standards for producers and consumers. Sudan has not successfully identified areas where private channels in Kordofan cannot solve problems, and which therefore require public intervention. The government seems to have based its economic decisions upon ideological considerations and intervened in areas which it cannot perform as well as the private market.
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Heleta, Savo. "The Darfur conflict from the perspective of the rebel justice and equality movement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/970.
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In 2003, a conflict broke out in Darfur, Sudan’s western province, between the mainly “African” rebels and the government forces and their proxy “Arab” militias. It is estimated that about 200,000 people have so far died in the conflict from fighting, disease, and starvation. The UN and aid agencies estimate that over two million Darfurians, out of the population of about six million, are living in refugee camps. Even though the majority of all deaths in Darfur have occurred in 2003 and 2004, the conflict is nowhere near the end. Even after more than five years since the Darfur conflict began, there is hardly any comprehensive information about the rebels’ aims, objectives, and plans for the future. We cannot fully understand the conflict and plan peace negotiations between the warring parties if we do not know enough about the rebels. This study has critically explored the aims and perspectives of the Justice and Equality Movement, currently the most powerful Darfur rebel movement. The author has used the first-hand information gathered through interviews with the representatives of the rebel movement and additional data about the conflict and the rebels collected through an extensive literature analysis to portray the movement and its aims, perspectives, and plans for the future. Using the grounded theory approach as the data analysis tool, the author has presented key findings about the Darfur conflict from the perspective of the Justice and Equality Movement that have emerged from the data collected in this study.
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Ayiei, Thon Agany. "Return of the Lost Boys To South Sudan : a strategy to building a stronger South Sudan." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10730.
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This thesis investigates why the Lost Boys, a group of young South Sudanese refugees who have long expressed a desire to return home, are not returning in numbers. It finds that variables generally cited in the existing literature (family ties, securing, occupational opportunities and patriotism) have similar values for those who have resettled permanently in the US, those who have returned to South Sudan, and those who have expressed interest in returning but not done so. Personal factors such as age, marital status, income and education levels are found to contribute to overall risk averseness, which is highest among the resettled and lowest among the returned.
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Schorscher, Judith A. (Judith Anne). "Insect predators of larval Simulium damnosum Theobald, vector of onchocerciasis, and other Simulium species in Southern Sudan." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63254.
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Cluff, C. Brent. "El Obeid Water Supply/Water Harvesting Potential in Western Sudan: Report to Western Sudan Agricultural Research Project, Washington State University, College of Agriculture & Home Economics." Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/308906.
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Introduction: A trip was taken from July 3 to July 17, 1985 to Sudan to study the El Obeid compartmented reservoir system. This system supplies most of the domestic water for the city of El Obeid which has a population of 200,000 to 250,000 people. This water supply was exhausted in March of 1985 and the town was out of water until the monsoon rains began July 2, 1985. Approximately one week was spent in El Obeid and Kadugli. The remainder of the time was spent in Khartoum where the IBM PC was used. Some time was also spent in Khartoum in obtaining flattened ceramic spheres for evaporation control.
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Kothari, Ammina. "A study of the New York times coverage of the Darfur, Sudan conflict, July 2003-July 2006 /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7766.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. "List of journalists interviewed": p. 88. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-109). Also available online.
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Poggi, Giovanni Corrado. "Identity, nationalism and successful governance: with reference to South Sudan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020579.
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The study seeks to delineate the African socio-political environment through an analytical contextualisation of repetitive authoritative systems, which perpetuate exclusion and the formation of politicised identity. Through a process of historical evaluation of African politics since the majority of states became independent, the study attempts to test a constructed triangular supposition that explains why identity disputation persists at almost every level of African governance. Bearing in mind the almost natural progression of African politics towards identity contestation, the second overriding objective seeks to evaluate the secession of South Sudan as a possible preventative model for identity politicised conflict. In this fashion, the study delves into the politics of a previously unified Sudan; and the events that led South Sudan to eventually seek secession. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the assumption that territorial secession in Africa is able to quell identity contestation and promote an opportunity for equitable democratic governance. To meet the above objectives, a comprehensive outlay of African socio-politics and governance will be utilised to frame the analysis. Firstly, the study seeks to elaborate on the historiography of African colonial legacy as providing the foundations of identity exclusive politics on the continent. In this way, considerable investigative reverence must be given to the respective policies of colonial administration, namely indirect rule and direct rule. The effects of either of these policies contend a type of socio-political conditioning of African elites and civil society that still persists at time of writing. The concentration of this endeavour will be focused towards indirect colonial policy most famously implemented by British colonialism. The effects of the British policy of ethnic and ethno-religious categorisation is vitally important to a greater understanding of the majority of examples studied in the literature, including the formation of identity contestation in the case of the Sudan. Secondly, to further understand the complex dynamism of African politics which lead to identity based disputation, the study will turn to an analysis of the rhetoric of African independent governance and ideology. The primary objective here will be to detail how differing enactments of African ideology, including the advent of Pan-Arabism to the case of Sudan, ultimately continued the tradition of exclusive citizenship and dominance of some groups over others on the continent. This leads the study to uncover the deeper reasons for why socio-political exclusion continues to the present day. The final dimension of the triangular process suggests that exclusion has been maintained in Africa to prevent access of subverted groups to governance structures and more importantly to the limited resources of African states. Finally, the case of the secession of South Sudan is interpreted through the analytical lens of politicised identity that forms in the face of inadequate state structures to provide legitimate democratic access to the state. The third facet of the proposed theoretical triangle suggests that conflict and contestation is a product of grievances expressed from political exclusion. In this way, it is pivotal to the study to assess whether secession, as in the case of South Sudan, provides a valid alternative platform for suppressing identity contestation and promoting effective democratic consolidation. By all accounts, there is overwhelming evidence already to suggest that secession may be a successful way to repress identity politicisation. However, there remain substantial hurdles for many African states, including a now autonomous South Sudan, in order to finally dissolve the enduring problems of socio-political exclusion. Propositions and possible solutions will be posited for these states as an ad hoc objective.
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Philippe, Catherine. "Southern Sudan : the challenges of peace." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99742.
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This thesis examines the tensions that have continued to plague Southern Sudan since the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). It investigates factors that, if left unchecked, may lead to renewed conflict. Ethnic tensions have been exacerbated by two decades of war and divide-and-rule tactics, creating a fragile post-conflict environment in which ethnic-based militias continue to operate. Weakened by claims of ethnic discrimination, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement struggles to establish its legitimacy as the southern ruling party and demonstrate its ability to provide equitable power and wealth sharing. Vast oil resources have raised the stakes of conflict for all parties, including the northern ruling National Congress Party (NCP) which risks losing its share of oil revenues if the South secedes---a possible outcome of the CPA. This thesis argues that, to ensure its own survival, the NCP fuels southern divisions to undermine the implementation of the CPA.
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Simsaa, L. E. A. "Industrialisation and Transformation in the Sudan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384772.
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Eltom, Osman Mirghani Mohamed. "Solar refrigeration applications in the Sudan." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332819.
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Al-Awad, Ahmed Mohammed El-Hassan. "Childhood behaviour problems in urban Sudan." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339768.
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Moro, L. N. "Oil, conflict and displacement in Sudan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5e08119e-2492-410f-8f5c-2b8ace411070.
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This thesis explores the political dimensions of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) in the context of oil extraction in Sudan. It provides a detailed perspective on the experience of displacement of the local people in the oil-rich areas of Southern Sudan. It also offers an important insight into the local politics of this much-publicized dimension of Sudan’s political crises. The analytical frameworks common to the field of DIDR, mostly developed through studies of the impact of dams, mainly deal with economic and social aspects of displacement. These frameworks are inadequate for explaining oil-induced displacement, because they largely ignore the political contexts of DIDR: the focus of this thesis. Sudan’s oil project is carried out in the name of the “national interest.” But in reality, it serves the interests of the main beneficiaries: Sudan’s Northern “Arab” and Muslim elites and their supporters. Many Southern Sudanese have had to resort to arms, partly to protect their interests in oil development, and in order to contest the purported “national interest” championed by the government. This thesis problematizes the idea of a “national interest” in Sudan in order to question who benefits from development projects that cause human displacement. It argues that conflicts of interests between central government elites and local peoples best explain why displacement connected to natural resource development occurs in weak states, such as Sudan. As a result, ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional and other identities are often exploited by elites in such states in an “instrumentalist” way so as to gain, or retain, power and access to resources. This is, at the expense of local people adversely affected by development projects.
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Malik, Inass A. "Antimicrobial resistance among enterobacteriaceae in Sudan." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443939.
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Mollan, Simon Michael. "Economic imperialism and the political economy of Sudan : the case of the Sudan Plantations Syndicate, 1899-1956." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1965/.
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Kambamba, Abe Khamis. "Possible economic strategies to diversify the crude oil-based economy in South Sudan." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8241.
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Post-independence South Sudan has many areas in which progress is required in order to develop the economy. South Sudan’s economy, for is still run largely (98%) on oil revenues. In order to improve the standards of living of the citizens, good governance, transparency and accountability are the key. These will help build confidence, stability as well as the credibility of the government. How to achieve diversification of the economy in order to move away from the overdependence on oil will be the focus of this research. Diversification, especially in the context of small and fragile economies, has become an important topic. This research will investigate possible economic strategies to diversify the crude-based economy in South Sudan and will assess the circumstances under which economic diversification can be achieved. The research will identify and analyse the issues that impede and hinder economic growth in the non-oil sectors of the South Sudanese economy and explore how far the government has delivered the conditions necessary for the private sector to grow so that it can contribute considerably to the diversification and growth of the economy and the nation. This research was started in 2012, one year after South Sudan got its independence from Sudan. The country’s first Development Plan was rolled out in 2011. Unfortunately, a war broke out in December 2013, disrupting life in the new country, especially economic activities. A peace treaty has since been signed to end the war. The government, however, still continues forward with just one source of revenue – oil. Nonetheless, the findings of this research will offer an analysis as well as recommendations for ways to diversify the South Sudanese economy once peace is firmly established in the country.
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Birech, Robert T. "Giving reconciliation a chance in Sudan seeking an alternative response to the Darfur conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FBirech.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Simons, Anna. Second Reader: Berger, Marcos (Mark T.). "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Sudan, Darfur, conflict resolution, reconciliation, Native administration system and Judiyya. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-52). Also available in print.
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Osman, Amira A. "The Dynamics of Livelihood and Gender Relations in Sudan: The Case of Displacement Camps in Khartoum." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5700.
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Colloton, Patrick T. Maitre Benjamin R. Stoner Tommy E. "An adaptive security construct insurgency in Sudan /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FColloton.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): McCormick, Gordon H. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 18, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-172). Also available in print.
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Karadawi, Ahmad A. "Refugee policy in the Sudan 1967-1984." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239449.
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Stoner, Tommy E., Benjamin R. Maitre, and Patrick T. Colloton. "An adaptive security construct: insurgency in Sudan." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3057.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedInternal wars are by default the business of others, until someone says they are not. Artificially contained within the confines of the current international system, insurgent conflicts are considered domestic affairs only until they threaten external interests. In judging intrastate conflict by and large from a crisis-response perspective, conventional assessment methodologies, oriented largely toward interstate wars, tend to fall short in objectively analyzing the historical and dynamic aspects of internal wars. This thesis develops an Adaptive Security Construct (ASC) that aims to correct such shortcomings through the multi-disciplinary integration of three conceptual lenses: a qualitative situation estimate, a game-theoretic dynamic conflict model, and geospatially oriented nexus topography. Using Sudan's internal wars as a case study, where the existence of signed peace-agreements in both the south and Darfur exist in apparent contradiction of these conflicts' causes, the ASC iteratively correlates the analysis of each of the three lenses to provide an observer a more objective external view of conflicts that are inherently "internal." This thesis presents the ASC as an iterative process and perspective that enables the formulation of general imperatives and specific approaches in response to contemporary arenas of conflict, both in Sudan and within the international community at large.
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Zygmont, Bettina. "The Darfur Crisis Genocide in Western Sudan /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/02606390003/$FILE/02606390003.pdf.
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Mubarak, Marwan M. Mirghani. "Sudan : the urban informal economy and migration." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430702.
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Ibrahim, Abdul-Rahman Abbaker. "Regional inequality and underdevelopment in western Sudan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265863.
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Bose, Peter Alan. "U.S. foreign policy and genocide in Sudan." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/489039940/viewonline.
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Biel, Melha Rout. "Elite im Sudan Bedeutung, Einfluss und Verantwortung." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/992431204/04.
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Akuni, Baptist Akot Job. "Child trafficking : a case of South Sudan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13363.
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The question regarding what makes child trafficking persistent in conflict and post-war settings has been subject to intense debate. The human trafficking literature makes general conclusions that trafficking is a by-product of civil wars, and in the process child traffickers exploit the breakdown of the rule of law. As such it is perceived that the governance of the problem of child trafficking can be effective whenever peace and stability is realised and when legal frameworks for protecting children are in place. Prompted by these assertions, I conducted a field study in South Sudan, a country emerging from one of Africa’s longest running and most brutal civil wars fought between the government in Khartoum and Sudanese Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The Sudan’s civil wars ended after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. Whilst the termination of the war raised expectations that the international anti-trafficking conventions, treaties and customary laws protecting children would have enforcement powers and would guarantee the rights and safety of the child, the peace failed to deliver on these expectations. Based on empirical data obtained through an intensive micro-level qualitative research conducted in South Sudan over three months, the research findings reveal that a number of challenges pose serious difficulties in enforcing international counter-trafficking legislations and child protection instruments. These challenges are compounded by the interplay of the emerging socio-economic and political development in the post-independent South Sudan.
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Omran, Abdelnasir. "Sustainable biofuels for electricity generation in Sudan." Thesis, Aston University, 2018. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/33430/.
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Sudan was separated into two countries in July 2011. Before this Sudan was the most significant country in Africa with a total area of around one million square miles. Due to the separation, Sudan lost about 75% of the fossil fuels resources and currently facing a very severe economic crisis. As a result of this, the government had to abolish the fossil fuels subsidies which used to cost about 15% of the total expenditure of the country. Only about 30% peoples connected to grid electricity. Sourcing fossil fuels alternatives are crucial to meet the growing energy demand, political stability, and growth of the country. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using locally available renewable biofuels for small-scale electricity generation and implementation in Sudan. A combined qualitative and quantitative methodological approach was used to study the potential of seed based small or community-scale energy production in Sudan to resolve the severe fuel shortage after secession. Estimation of various types of available biofuels was carried out. There is around two million ton of Jatropha biofuel that will be available in 2019; around four thousands ton of cottonseed biofuel and two thousands ton of castor biofuels available annually. In this investigation, 23 types of neat biofuels and blends were prepared using ethanol, butanol, and fossil diesel. Physicochemical properties of all neat biofuels and blends were measured and compared with standard fossil diesel. Heating values of Jatropha, Cottonseed, and Castor biofuels were 39.18, 39.74 and 37.71 MJ/Kg respectively. Neat biofuels and blends were tested in an unmodified 2-cylinder diesel engine. Engine performance and emission characteristics were conducted and compared with standard fossil diesel results. Jatropha, Cottonseed, Castor biofuels were blended separately with 20% butanol and 20% fossil diesel. The neat biofuels and blends were tested successfully in a 7.4 kW indirect injection two-cylinder engine. Jatropha biofuel and its blends showed 7% higher brake thermal efficiency than fossil diesel at maximum load. For Cottonseed biofuel and its blends, Castor biofuel and its blends were 6.7%, 8% higher, respectively. Jatropha biofuel blends with 20% fossil diesel and neat Jatropha oil showed 53%, and 18% high CO and CO2, respectively; while both samples showed a smoke reduction of 96%. NOX emission for neat Jatropha and its blends showed a decrease in the range 5 – 13%. Cottonseed oil and its blends showed NOX emission decrease in the range 5 – 7%. Castor oil blends have demonstrated the highest NOX emission reduction among all tested samples with 24%. Smoke production reduction of Cottonseed oil and its blends were in the range 62 – 91%. Castor oil blends with 20% butanol showed 24% NOX emission reduction, while its blends with 20% fossil diesel showed 10% reduction. Both samples of Castor oil blends showed smoke production cuts; blends with 20% butanol showed a decrease in the range 59 – 62%, while blends with 20% fossil diesel showed 61% reduction. The study concludes by this short-term engine testing that this Compression Ignition engine type can be efficiently operated with 20% butanol blend with any of the three non-edible biofuels, Jatropha, Cottonseed and Castor, without any modification. Sudan has the potential of increasing the production of biofuels from these three plant and butanol can be produced locally to minimise the cost of fossil diesel import. The reduction of NOX emission and smoke production could help Sudan reach its Green House Gas reduction target.
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Brusset, E. "Evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools: Sudan." Department for International Development, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3935.
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yesP5. The evaluation was undertaken by Bradford University, Channel Research Ltd, the PARC & Associated Consultants. The Sudan Case study was carried out by Mr Emery Brusset of Channel Research Limited. Work was conducted in three phases. The first was London-based, and involved situating the ACPP activities in the context of UK approaches to conflict prevention and the overall policy framework of the ACPP. The second phase, the most intense, involved fieldwork in the Sudan and Kenya. The third phase involved consultations in London through October and November, with ACPP representatives, and specifically with the joint FCO-DFID Sudan Unit in London. P7. The Sudan Case Study is one of six studies undertaken within the framework of the evaluation of the Conflict Prevention Pools. In accordance with the Terms of Reference (ToRs) and the Inception Report, the Evaluation placed maximum emphasis on the macro level: the policy processes in Whitehall by which decisions on allocations are made and implemented by the CPPs. Considerable attention has also been placed on the meso level: the degree to which CPP policies and activities in a given conflict form part of a coherent package of direct interventions by the international community and local actors to the problems of particular large scale deadly conflicts or potential conflicts. The microlevel of analysis (review of specific projects) confines itself largely to the way in which projects impact on the meso and macro levels. The Evaluation has not analysed systematically whether specific projects funded by the CPPs have been well managed and whether they have achieved their specific project goals. Single projects have been analysed to the extent that they reflect on the macro and meso levels. P8. The main findings of the evaluation, reflected in this Synthesis Report, are that the CPPs are doing significant work funding worthwhile activities that make positive contributions to effective conflict prevention, although it is far too early in the day to assess impact. The progress achieved through the CPP mechanisms is significant enough to justify their continuation.
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Akuni, B. A. Job. "Child Trafficking: A Case of South Sudan." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13363.
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The question regarding what makes child trafficking persistent in conflict and post-war settings has been subject to intense debate. The human trafficking literature makes general conclusions that trafficking is a by-product of civil wars, and in the process child traffickers exploit the breakdown of the rule of law. As such it is perceived that the governance of the problem of child trafficking can be effective whenever peace and stability is realised and when legal frameworks for protecting children are in place. Prompted by these assertions, I conducted a field study in South Sudan, a country emerging from one of Africa’s longest running and most brutal civil wars fought between the government in Khartoum and Sudanese Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The Sudan’s civil wars ended after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in 2005. Whilst the termination of the war raised expectations that the international anti-trafficking conventions, treaties and customary laws protecting children would have enforcement powers and would guarantee the rights and safety of the child, the peace failed to deliver on these expectations.
Based on empirical data obtained through an intensive micro-level qualitative research conducted in South Sudan over three months, the research findings reveal that a number of challenges pose serious difficulties in enforcing international counter-trafficking legislations and child protection instruments. These challenges are compounded by the interplay of the emerging socio-economic and political development in the post-independent South Sudan.
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Basha, Sara. "The Sudan : civil war and peace-making." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3801.
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