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Journal articles on the topic 'Sudan (2004)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Elsinnari, Adil M. A., Fathi M. M. Saeed, and Hanadi Hassan Mahgoub Badi. "Evaluation of the Demographic Situation in Sudan During 2000 and 2004 Using GIS Techniques." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 4, no. 1 (2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v4i1.42.

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The study focused on applying GIS technology to investigate the demographic situation in Sudan during year 2000 and 2004. This includes investigations of the basic environmental indicators and their impacts on population distribution in Sudan at that period. Sudan political map and other thematic maps of the country (produced in 2000 by the UN) together with the population sheets issued for Sudan by UN in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004 were used to generate a GIS model for the study area. Based on this model the main demographic indicators were spatially and statistically analyzed. A projected decl

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2

Amir, Abdullahi Yousif Malik, and Mohamed Elamin Elamin. "ACTION THRESHOLD LEVELS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HBN.) ON COTTON AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 3 (2018): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1210855.

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The African bollworm, <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the most important cotton pest in all the cotton growing areas of the Sudan and most of the protection measures are directed for its management. The previous action threshold level for chemical control interference was increased in 1993 from 10 larvae and/or eggs /100 plants to 30 eggs or 10 larvae/100 plants and no spray to be conducted before flowering advances. This level was being subject to revision since 1999. Studies conducted at the Gezira Research Farm during 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2

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3

Coronado, F. "Retrospective Measles Outbreak Investigation: Sudan, 2004." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 52, no. 5 (2006): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fml026.

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4

Alansari, Bader M. "GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SIXTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 6 (2006): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.651.

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This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from sixteen Islamic countries; Algiers, Egypt, Emirates, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen (N= 7,506). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (Abdel-Khalek, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004) was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, for which the English version of KUAS was used. There are significant gender differences in 11 Islamic countries out of 16 in which females tended to be higher on the anxiety scal

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5

Gruenbaum, Ellen. "Feminist Activism for the Abolition of FGC in Sudan." Journal of Middle East Women's Studies 1, no. 2 (2005): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15525864-2005-2004.

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6

Garfield, Richard, and Jonny Polonsky. "Changes in Mortality Rates and Humanitarian Conditions in Darfur, Sudan 2003–2007." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25, no. 6 (2010): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00008669.

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AbstractThe Darfur region of Sudan has been an intense focus of humanitarian concern since rebellions began there early in 2003. In 2004, the US Secretary of State declared that conflict in Darfur represented genocide. Since 2003, many sample surveys and various mortality estimates for Darfur have been made. Nonetheless, confusion and controversy surrounding mortality levels and trends have continued. For this project, results were reviewed from the highest quality field surveys on mortality in Darfur conducted between 2003 and 2008. Trend analysis demonstrated a dramatic decline in mortality

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7

Afifi, S., M. S. Karsany, M. Wasfy, G. Pimentel, A. Marfin, and R. Hajjeh. "Laboratory-based surveillance for patients with acute meningitis in Sudan, 2004–2005." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 28, no. 5 (2008): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-008-0643-y.

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8

International Monetary Fund. "Sudan: Midyear Review of the 2004 Staff-Monitored Program." IMF Staff Country Reports 05, no. 184 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833751.002.

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9

Alone, Massimo. "Ascesa e Declino Dell'islam Radicale in Sudan (1989-2004)." Oriente Moderno 85, no. 2-3 (2005): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-0850203002.

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10

Yousif Malik, Amir Abdullahi, and Elamin Mohamed Elamin. "ACTION THRESHOLD LEVELS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (HBN.) ON COTTON AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 3 (2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i3.2018.1496.

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The African bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is the most important cotton pest in all the cotton growing areas of the Sudan and most of the protection measures are directed for its management. The previous action threshold level for chemical control interference was increased in 1993 from 10 larvae and/or eggs /100 plants to 30 eggs or 10 larvae/100 plants and no spray to be conducted before flowering advances. This level was being subject to revision since 1999. Studies conducted at the Gezira Research Farm during 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2

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11

Hillman, Smith,, and Jerome Ndey. "Post-war effects on the rhinos and elephants of Garamba National Park." Pachyderm 39 (December 30, 2005): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v39i1.1247.

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During the first 8 years after the Garamba NP project began the elephants in that vicinity increased from an estimated population of 3300 in 1984 to an estimated population of 11175 in 1995. The war is souther Sudan increasingly affected the area from 1991 onwards as both refugees and military groups came into the area. By 1998 the estimated elephant population 5874. Systematic aerial counts taken in April prior to the beginning of the wet season noted that by 2004 there were no elephant north of the Garamba River. The Apil 2004 elephant population in the southern part of the park was estimate

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12

Gebrekidan, Getachew Zeru. "Tribal Conflict over Natural Resources on the Sudan – South Sudan Border: The Case of the Abyei Territory." Acta Humana 9, no. 1 (2021): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32566/ah.2021.1.2.

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This paper explores the major causes, processes and consequences of natural resource conflicts between tribes across the Sudan – South Sudan border region, with the main emphasis on the Abyei territory. Data for the study have been gathered from primary and secondary sources. The research revealed that the conflict over ownership of Abyei’s renewable and non-renewable resources has evolved as a contentious issue between Sudan and South Sudan. The situation was complicated by the relationship of the Humr Misseriya and Ngok Dinka and their governments, respectively. Moreover, lack of agreement a

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13

McCann, Eric. "An Interim Report on Excavations in the UCL-SARS Concession, Northern Sudan, Winter 2003/2004." Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 15 (November 15, 2004): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pia.221.

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14

Papa, Michael J., and Jeffrey Mapendere. "Waging Peace Through Symphonic Discourse in the Sudan–Uganda Conflicts." Journal of Creative Communications 13, no. 1 (2017): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258617743622.

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In 1999, former US President Carter and The Carter Center (TCC) negotiated the Nairobi Agreement (NA) restoring diplomatic relations between Sudan and Uganda. The focus of this study was on the diplomatic activities undertaken by TCC to implement the NA from 2000 to 2004. Our primary purpose was to stimulate new thinking about the communicative dimensions of peacemaking in complicated hostile environments. Based on our analysis of TCC’s involvement in the peace implementation process in Sudan and Uganda, we found that the implementation of a peace agreement required significant use of symphoni

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15

Dye, John M., Majidat Muhammad, Russell Bakken, James Barth, Ana Kuehne, and Gene G. Olinger. "Protection of cynomolgus macaques from Ebola Sudan infection (45.10)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 45.10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.45.10.

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Abstract Ebola virus, a filovirus, is a highly pathogenic human pathogen for which there is no vaccine or treatments licensed for human use. The Sudan subtype of the Ebola virus (SEBOV) was first identified in 1976 after a hemorrhagic fever outbreak in that region of Africa. There were reemergences of the SEBOV in sporadic outbreaks from 2000 to 2004 with a 40-65% case fatality rate in humans. In this study, we evaluated the use of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicon (VRP) vaccine vector expressing the glycoprotein (GP) of Ebola Sudan to protect cynomolgus macaque nonhuman primates (NH

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16

Checchi, Francesco, Jonathan Cox, Suna Balkan, et al. "Malaria Epidemics and Interventions, Kenya, Burundi, Southern Sudan, and Ethiopia, 1999–2004." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 10 (2006): 1477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1210.060540.

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17

International Monetary Fund. "Sudan: Report on the Final Review of the 2003 Staff-Monitored Program and the 2004 Staff--Monitored Program." IMF Staff Country Reports 05, no. 187 (2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833768.002.

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18

Onyango, Clayton O., Martin L. Opoka, Thomas G. Ksiazek, et al. "Laboratory Diagnosis of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever during an Outbreak in Yambio, Sudan, 2004." Journal of Infectious Diseases 196, s2 (2007): S193—S198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520609.

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19

Mohammed, Awad Hussien Ahmed, Xiaolin Zhang, and Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed Alriah. "Examine the Role of Indo-Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures in Recent Meteorological Drought in Sudan." Atmosphere 15, no. 10 (2024): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101194.

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Drought poses a serious threat to Sudan, causing water shortages, crop failures, hunger, and conflict. The relationships between Indo-Pacific teleconnections and drought events in Sudan are examined based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), anomalies, Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), correlation, composite analysis, sequential Mann–Kendall test, and MK-trend test during the period of 1993–2022. The results of the SPI-1 values indicate that the extreme drought in Sudan in 2004 was an exceptional case that affected the entire region, with an SPI-1 value of −2 indicating extremely

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20

Doocy, Shannon, Gilbert Burnham, and Courtland Robinson. "Estimating Demographic Indicators in a Conflict-Affected Population in Eastern Sudan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 2 (2007): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004489.

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AbstractIntroduction:Although the international community currently is focused on Darfur, it is important that the status of other conflict-affected populations throughout Sudan are not overlooked. For the past decade, the Beja population, located along the Sudan-Eritrea border, has been affected by a conflict that has drawn little attention from the international community.Methods:This study assessed crude mortality rates and other demographic characteristics using a mortality study nested within a nutrition assessment using cluster sampling methods.Results:The crude mortality rate among the

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21

Hiatt, Megan. "Fair Exotics: Xenophobic Subjects in English Literature, 1720-1850 by Rajani Sudan (review)." Modern Language Review 99, no. 4 (2004): 1033–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2004.a826770.

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22

Bakhiet, Amani M. A., Mohamed H. Abdelraheem, Amani Kheir, et al. "Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance genes following artemisinin combination therapy in Sudan." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 113, no. 11 (2019): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trz059.

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Abstract Background Malaria control efforts in Sudan rely heavily on case management. In 2004, health authorities adopted artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. However, some recent surveys have reported ACT failure and a prevalent irrational malaria treatment practice. Here we examine whether the widespread use of ACT and failure to adhere to national guidelines have led to the evolution of drug resistance genes. Methods We genotyped known drug resistance markers (Pfcrt, Pfmdr-1, Pfdhfr, Pfdhps, Pfk13 propeller) and their flanking microsatel

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23

Nielsen, J., C. Prudhon, and X. de Radigues. "Trends in malnutrition and mortality in Darfur, Sudan, between 2004 and 2008: a meta-analysis of publicly available surveys." International Journal of Epidemiology 40, no. 4 (2011): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr010.

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24

Hyman, Larry. "The Macro-Sudan Belt and Niger-Congo Reconstruction." Language Dynamics and Change 1, no. 1 (2011): 3–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058211x570330.

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AbstractBasing himself largely on areal and typological arguments, Güldemann (2010) claims that neither Proto-Niger-Congo nor Proto-Bantu had more than a "moderate" system of derivational verb suffixes ("extensions"), and that both proto-languages lacked inflectional verb prefixes. Although drawing largely on the same materials as Hyman (2004, 2007a, b), he arrives at the opposite conclusion that Niger-Congo languages which have such morphology, in particular Bantu and Atlantic, would have had to innovate multiple suffixation and prefixation. However, such hypotheses are weakened by two seriou

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25

McFarland, Sherri. "Africa in Retrospect: Russia, Iran and Chinese Arms Supplies to Sudan." African and Asian Studies 9, no. 4 (2010): 462–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921010x534823.

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Abstract This study provides requisite information on the thorny civil war and destructive situation in the Republic of Sudan, which has led to the indictment of the sitting Sudanese Head of State in 2009. This paper will provide an in depth discussion regarding increased weapons transfers and its adverse impact on the conflict in Sudan. Additionally, theoretical frameworks regarding the foreign policies of nation-states, power, and resource conflict will be utilized to analyze the Sudanese government’s relationships with China, Russia and Iran as well as its relationship with the marginalized

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26

Allah, Mogdoleen Abdel Wahab Habib, Abdelsalam Basheir Sati, Nadir Musa Abuzeid, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Drugs Resistance Gene Mutation (MDR1) of Plasmodium falciparum." SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 6, no. 02 (2025): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2025.v06i02.001.

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Malaria ranks among the most significant health threats, alongside human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis influenza. In 2004, Sudan implemented artesunate combined with sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) as the primary treatment due to the notable resistance of falciparum to antimalarial drugs. The effectiveness of artemisinin combination therapies depends on both artemisinin and the partner drugs. Changes in the Pfmdr1 gene have been associated with chloroquine resistance in specific Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Variations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transp

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27

Elkarim, I. A., Z. A. Abdulla, N. A. Yahia, A. AlQudah, and Y. E. Ibrahim. "Basic infection control procedures in dental practice in Khartoum — Sudan." International Dental Journal 54, no. 6 (2004): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00297.x.

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28

Ali, Sulafa K. M., and Nuha A. G. M. Nimeri. "Clinical and echocardiographic features of Ebstein's malformation in Sudanese patients." Cardiology in the Young 16, no. 2 (2006): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951106000072.

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Ebstein's malformation is a rare congenital cardiac malformation, accounting for about 0.5% of all congenital cardiac lesions. We report our experience with the anomaly as encountered at the Sudan Heart Centre from July 2004 to April 2005. Diagnosis was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve towards the ventricular apex by greater than 8 millimetres per metre squared. Results: In a period of 10 months, we identified 12 patients with the malformation, this number constituting 2% of all patients seen with congenital cardiac disea

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29

Abdullah, Nazik E., Ameera A. M. Adam, Eman H. Khalifa, et al. "Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Sudan: Epidemiology, Clinical and Histological Characteristics." Clinical Medicine Insights: Ear, Nose and Throat 4 (January 2011): CMENT.S5825. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cment.s5825.

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Objectives To study the epidemiology, clinical features, staging, etiology and pathology of nasopharyngeal cancer in Sudan. Study design This is a retrospective study. Setting Ear, Nose and Throat Department Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Khartoum City, Sudan. Subjects and methods Patients suspected to have nasopharyngeal cancer were assessed during the period March 2004 to May 2010. Data from confirmed cases was obtained; it included clinical and epidemiological information. Results Three hundred and eighty five cases were studied. Bimodal age distribution of the disease was noted with two peaks

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30

Tariq, Abdalmagid, Abdelnour Hassan, and Aladwan Rashed. "Physiotherapy Students and Clinical Education in Sudan." International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing 10, no. 3 (2023): 197–201. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10046022.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> <i>Introduction:</i> In Sudan, efforts towards establishing physiotherapy education programs at higher education levels started during the 2000s. Clinical learning experience influences is important to physiotherapy students' knowledge and skills. At the same time, it is widely acknowledged worldwide that clinical placement evaluations is required in order to improve the physiotherapy education as general and the clinical education specifically. The study <i>aims</i> to assess Ahfad University for Women (AUW) physiotherapy student's perception and experience during t

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31

Ghalib, Mutasim Elrasheed. "The Level of Daily Life Skills Among Mild Intellectual Disabilities and its Relations to Demographic Variables in Central Sudan - Gezira State, Sudan." Migration Letters 21, S1 (2023): 512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is1.6167.

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This study aims to indentify the daily life skills (self-skills, house activities, and community skills) as one of adaptive behavior demontions for learning ability (educable)with intellectual disability EID, and its relations to some demographic variables which are: gender, number of family members, order in family in terms of birth, the parents’ educational level, relationship of family communication with school) in Schools and special education centers in Gezira state, Central Sudan. The study adopted the descriptive method and used the adaptive behavior scale which is prepared by Bandar Na

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32

Mwanasali, Musifiky. "The African Union, the United Nations, and the Responsibility to Protect: Towards an African Intervention Doctrine." Global Responsibility to Protect 2, no. 4 (2010): 388–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598410x519552.

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AbstractThis essay considers the R2P principle as expressed by the African Union's (AU) Constitutive Act of 2000, the United Nations (UN) World Summit's outcome document of 2005, and recent civilian protection mandates issued for peacekeeping operations by the UN Security Council. Examining how these three international mechanisms have sought to establish and operationalise the norm, the author argues that the AU should make greater efforts to bring R2P implementation into line with the UN Charter in order to secure the legitimacy of regional interventions in Africa. Reflecting on the experien

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33

Hamid, Abdalgabar, Mohmed Ali, and Suleiman Suleiman. "Determinants Factors Affecting the Red Meat of Livestock Exports during the Period of (2004-2015), Khartoum, Sudan." International Journal of Livestock Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180330070712.

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34

Ahmed, Huda Mohammed Mukhtar, and Hatim Ameer Mahran. "Determinants of Demand for Delivery Services in Sudan: An Empirical Investigation with Reference to Khartoum State, 2004." African Development Review 21, no. 3 (2009): 514–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00221.x.

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35

التحرير, هيئة. "عروض مختصرة". الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 9, № 35 (2004): 191–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v9i35.2831.

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 . أين الخطأ؟ التأثير الغربي واستجابة المسلمين. برنارد لويس، ترجمة محمد عناني، القاهرة: دار سطور، 2003، 269 ص.  تحولات الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر: المرجعيات، المناهج، أسئلة التجديد. تأليف سرمد الطائي، بيروت: دار الهادي، 2003، 348 صفحة.   القرن الحادي والعشرون لن يكون أمريكياًّ تأليف بيير بيازنيس ترجمة مدني قصري، بيروت: المؤسسة العربية للدرسات والنشر، 2003، 346 صفحة.  Religion in International Relations: The Return from Exile. Fabio Petito & Pavlos Hatzopoulos (ed.), New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2003, 269 pp.  Occidentalism: The West

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36

International Monetary Fund. "Sudan: Staff Report for the 2005 Article IV Consultation, Final Review of the 2004 Staff-Monitored Program, and the 2005 Staff-Monitored Program; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Sudan." IMF Staff Country Reports 05, no. 180 (2005): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451833744.002.

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37

Riak PhD, Gabriel Alier, and Dut Bol Ayuel Bill. "THE ESSENTIAL OF CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE POST CONFLICT COUNTRIES." IJRDO - Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 8, no. 11 (2022): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/sshr.v8i11.5390.

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Capacity development is a concept which is broader than organizational development in that it includes an emphasis on the overall system, environment or context within which individuals, organizations and societies operate and interact (and not simply a single organization)(UNDP, 1998). It can also be the process of developing competencies and capabilities in individuals, groups, organizations, sectors or countries which will lead to sustained and self-generating performance improvement (Aus AID, 2004). Capacity building is badly needed in South Sudan. Much of the adult population spent its yo

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38

Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, S. Mulangu, Justin Masumu, J. M. N. Kayembe, Alan Kemp, and Janusz T. Paweska. "Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and Present." Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research 79, no. 2 (2012): E1—E8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524368.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a zoonosis affecting both human and non-human primates (NHP). Outbreaks in Africa occur mainly in the Congo and Nile basins. The first outbreaks of EHF occurred nearly simultaneously in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, former Zaire) and Sudan with very high case fatality rates of 88% and 53%, respectively. The two outbreaks were caused by two distinct species of Ebola virus named Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV). The source of transmission remains unknown. After a long pe

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39

Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, S. Mulangu, Justin Masumu, J. M. N. Kayembe, Alan Kemp, and Janusz T. Paweska. "Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and Present." Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research 79, no. 2 (2012): E1—E8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524368.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a zoonosis affecting both human and non-human primates (NHP). Outbreaks in Africa occur mainly in the Congo and Nile basins. The first outbreaks of EHF occurred nearly simultaneously in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, former Zaire) and Sudan with very high case fatality rates of 88% and 53%, respectively. The two outbreaks were caused by two distinct species of Ebola virus named Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV). The source of transmission remains unknown. After a long pe

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40

Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, S. Mulangu, Justin Masumu, J. M. N. Kayembe, Alan Kemp, and Janusz T. Paweska. "Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and Present." Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research 79, no. 2 (2012): E1—E8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524368.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a zoonosis affecting both human and non-human primates (NHP). Outbreaks in Africa occur mainly in the Congo and Nile basins. The first outbreaks of EHF occurred nearly simultaneously in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, former Zaire) and Sudan with very high case fatality rates of 88% and 53%, respectively. The two outbreaks were caused by two distinct species of Ebola virus named Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV). The source of transmission remains unknown. After a long pe

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41

Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques, S. Mulangu, Justin Masumu, J. M. N. Kayembe, Alan Kemp, and Janusz T. Paweska. "Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa: Past and Present." Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research 79, no. 2 (2012): E1—E8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13524368.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is a zoonosis affecting both human and non-human primates (NHP). Outbreaks in Africa occur mainly in the Congo and Nile basins. The first outbreaks of EHF occurred nearly simultaneously in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, former Zaire) and Sudan with very high case fatality rates of 88% and 53%, respectively. The two outbreaks were caused by two distinct species of Ebola virus named Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) and Sudan ebolavirus (SEBOV). The source of transmission remains unknown. After a long pe

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42

Idu, Raphael. "An Appraisal of Nigeria Peace Keeping Process in Darfur –Sudan." African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16, no. 1 (2023): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajpas.v16i1.20.

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The art of external intervention as a strategy for conflict resolution and crisis management has been prominent among nations of the world. In Africa, Nigeria has been championing the course of peace in this respect since her independence. Peace keeping is a third party intervention which operates with a set of guiding principles that include the consent of the parties in conflict, impartiality and non use of force except on self defense. Again, foreign policy of any nation serves as a mirror of its domestic reality. It begins with identification and articulation of national interests. Nation’

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El-Battahani, Atta. "Ideologische, expansionistische Bewegungen und historische indigene Rechte in der Region Darfur, Sudan. Vom Massenmord zum Genozid." Zeitschrift für Genozidforschung 5, no. 2 (2004): 8–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1438-8332-2004-2-8.

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Habib Allah, Mogdoleen Abdel Wahab, Abdelsalam Basheir Sati, Nadir Musa Abuzeid, Ghanem Mohammed Mahjaf, and Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. "Drugs Resistance Gene Mutation (MDR1) of Plasmodium falciparum in East, South and Central Sudan." International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 6, no. 1 (2025): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijmpes.5189.

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Introduction: Malaria remains a major public health concern worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2017, an estimated 219 million people were infected with malaria, leading to 435,000 deaths, predominantly affecting vulnerable populations in Africa. In 2004, Sudan implemented the artesunate and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) combination as its primary treatment due to the significant resistance of falciparum to antimalarial medications. Every year, epidemic malaria claims the lives of around one million people, the majority of whom are not African. With an estimated 7.

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Petersen, G., I. Lebed, and N. Fohrer. "SRTM DEM levels over papyrus swamp vegetation – a correction approach." Advances in Geosciences 21 (August 12, 2009): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-21-81-2009.

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Abstract. The SRTM DEM, a digital elevation model based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission of February 2000 is a source of elevation data with nearly worldwide coverage. It has proven its usefulness in various regions but problems persist for densely vegetated areas where, caused by the organic matter and water content of the vegetation, the radar signal is reflected at some level between the vegetation canopy and the ground level. This level varies with different types and densities of vegetation cover and has so far not been assessed for papyrus areas. The paper describes the approach a

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Mustafa, Ahmed Hassan Kamil, and Ahmed Mohammed Sulaiman. "The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601812010827.

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Background: Bell’s palsy is an acute idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset. It is the most common cause of lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis with an annual incidence of 15-30 per 100,000. The objective of this work is to study the prevalence and the management of Bell’s palsy in the Sudan. A descreptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Khartoum General Teaching Hospital. In the retrospective, the records and files of 698 patients with Bell’s palsy, were reviewed in relation to age, gender, site, risk factors, season, and

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Скороходов, В. Ю. "Sudan grass as a fallow crop in crop rotations of the steppe of the Southern Urals." Кормопроизводство, no. 2.2023 (March 25, 2023): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25685/krm.2023.2.2023.004.

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Многолетние исследования проводились с 1993 по 2022 год на полевом стационарном участке ФГБНУ «ФНЦ биологических систем и агротехнологий РАН», расположенном в Оренбургской области. Цель исследований — выявить потенциальную продуктивность суданской травы в качестве парозанимающей культуры, возделываемой в шестипольных севооборотах на чернозёмах южных степной зоны Южного Урала за тридцатилетний период исследований и в острозасушливые годы в опыте с удобрениями и без них. Суданская трава является засухоустойчивой культурой, выдерживает почвенное засоление, благодаря мощной корневой системе исполь

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Hlasny, Vladimir. "One Thousand and One Nights’ Struggle for Survival: Tales of Child Undernourishment in Arab Countries." Revista Hacienda Pública Española 249, no. 2 (2024): 109–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7866/hpe-rpe.24.2.5.

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This study evaluates young children’s developmental opportunities and anthropometric outcomes across 16 low- and middle-income Arab countries during 2004-2015. We find that disproportionately many children become stunted and underweight, particularly in less developed countries including Mauritania, Somalia and Sudan, but also in the higher-income Iraq and Morocco. Within countries, significant dissimilarities exist in children’s opportunities across different socio-economic strata. These gaps must be tackled by a variety of measures at the local, national and international levels –with buyin

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Bashir, M. A., T. Hata, A. W. Abdelhadi, H. Tanakamaru, and A. Tada. "Satellite-based evapotranspiration and crop coefficient for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 3 (2006): 793–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-793-2006.

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Abstract. The availability of the actual water use from agricultural crops is considered as the key factor for irrigation water management, water resources planning, and water allocation. Traditionally, evapotranspiration (ET) has been estimated in the Gezira scheme by multiplying the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) by crop coefficient (kc) which is derived from the phenomenological crop stages. Recently, advanced developed energy balance models assist to estimate ET through remotely sensed data. In this study Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images were used to estimate spatial distrib

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Guthmann, J. P., H. Klovstad, D. Boccia, et al. "A Large Outbreak of Hepatitis E among a Displaced Population in Darfur, Sudan, 2004: The Role of Water Treatment Methods." Clinical Infectious Diseases 42, no. 12 (2006): 1685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504321.

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