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Journal articles on the topic 'Sudden warming; Tropospheric planetary waves'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Chen, Quanliang, Luyang Xu, and Hongke Cai. "Impact of Stratospheric Sudden Warming on East Asian Winter Monsoons." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640912.

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Fifty-two Stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events that occurred from 1957 to 2002 were analyzed based on the 40-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis dataset. Those that could descent to the troposphere were composited to investigate their impacts on the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). It reveals that when the SSW occurs, the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) are both in the negative phase and that the tropospheric circulation is quite wave-like. The Siberian high and the Aleutian low are both strengthened, leading to an increased

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2

Sun, Lantao, Walter A. Robinson, and Gang Chen. "The Predictability of Stratospheric Warming Events: More from the Troposphere or the Stratosphere?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 2 (2012): 768–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0144.1.

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Abstract The roles of the stratosphere and the troposphere in determining the predictability of stratospheric final warming and sudden warming events are evaluated in an idealized atmospheric model. For each stratospheric warming event simulated in the model, a number of forecast experiments are performed from 10 or 20 days prior to the warming onset with perturbations in the troposphere and in the stratosphere separately. It is found that the stratosphere affects predictions of warming onset primarily by providing the initial state of the zonal winds, while the tropospheric initial conditions

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3

White, Ian P., Chaim I. Garfinkel, Edwin P. Gerber, Martin Jucker, Peter Hitchcock, and Jian Rao. "The Generic Nature of the Tropospheric Response to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of Climate 33, no. 13 (2020): 5589–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0697.1.

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AbstractThe tropospheric response to midwinter sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined using an idealized model. SSW events are triggered by imposing high-latitude stratospheric heating perturbations of varying magnitude for only a few days, spun off from a free-running control integration (CTRL). The evolution of the thermally triggered SSWs is then compared with naturally occurring SSWs identified in CTRL. By applying a heating perturbation, with no modification to the momentum budget, it is possible to isolate the tropospheric response directly attributable to a change in the strat

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4

Peters, D. H. W., P. Vargin, A. Gabriel, N. Tsvetkova, and V. Yushkov. "Tropospheric forcing of the boreal polar vortex splitting in January 2003." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 11 (2010): 2133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-2133-2010.

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Abstract. The dynamical evolution of the relatively warm stratospheric winter season 2002–2003 in the Northern Hemisphere was studied and compared with the cold winter 2004–2005 based on NCEP-Reanalyses. Record low temperatures were observed in the lower and middle stratosphere over the Arctic region only at the beginning of the 2002–2003 winter. Six sudden stratospheric warming events, including the major warming event with a splitting of the polar vortex in mid-January 2003, have been identified. This led to a very high vacillation of the zonal mean circulation and a weakening of the stratos

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Pogoreltsev, A. I., O. G. Aniskina, A. Y. Kanukhina, T. S. Ermakova, A. I. Ugryumov, and Y. V. Efimova. "Tropospheric circulation response to sudden stratospheric warming observed in January 2013." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 60 (2020): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-60-241-254.

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Analysis of the dynamical regime changes in the stratosphere during different phases of the Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) that has been observed in January 2013 is presented. The different mechanisms of SSW influence on the tropospheric circulation through the stationary planetary waves (SPWs) reflection and/or increase in SPWs activity due to nonlinear interaction with the mean flow and their subsequent propagation into the troposphere are discussed. Three-dimensional wave activity flux and its divergence are determined using the UK Met Office data; the synoptic situation and its changes

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6

Xie, Jincai, Jinggao Hu, Haiming Xu, Shuai Liu, and Huan He. "Dynamic Diagnosis of Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event in the Boreal Winter of 2018 and Its Possible Impact on Weather over North America." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050438.

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In the winter of 2018, a major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event occurred in the Northern Hemisphere. This study performs a dynamic diagnosis on this 2018 SSW event and analyzes its possible impact on the weather over North America. The result shows that the ridge over Alaska in the mid-troposphere and the trough over the northeastern North America are the prominent tropospheric precursory signals before the occurrence of this SSW event. The signals appear 10 days before the SSW, which greatly enhances the propagation of the planetary wavenumber 2 from the troposphere to the extratropic

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7

Albers, John R., George N. Kiladis, Thomas Birner, and Juliana Dias. "Tropical Upper-Tropospheric Potential Vorticity Intrusions during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 6 (2016): 2361–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0238.1.

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Abstract The intrusion of lower-stratospheric extratropical potential vorticity into the tropical upper troposphere in the weeks surrounding the occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) is examined. The analysis reveals that SSW-related PV intrusions are significantly stronger, penetrate more deeply into the tropics, and exhibit distinct geographic distributions compared to their climatological counterparts. While climatological upper-tropospheric and lower-stratospheric (UTLS) PV intrusions are generally attributed to synoptic-scale Rossby wave breaking, it is found that SSW-related

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8

Lindgren, Erik A., and Aditi Sheshadri. "The role of wave–wave interactions in sudden stratospheric warming formation." Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, no. 1 (2020): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-93-2020.

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Abstract. The effects of wave–wave interactions on sudden stratospheric warming formation are investigated using an idealized atmospheric general circulation model, in which tropospheric heating perturbations of zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 are used to produce planetary-scale wave activity. Zonal wave–wave interactions are removed at different vertical extents of the atmosphere in order to examine the sensitivity of stratospheric circulation to local changes in wave–wave interactions. We show that the effects of wave–wave interactions on sudden warming formation, including sudden warming frequen

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9

Sjoberg, Jeremiah P., and Thomas Birner. "Transient Tropospheric Forcing of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 11 (2012): 3420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0195.1.

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Abstract The amplitude of upward-propagating tropospherically forced planetary waves is known to be of first-order importance in producing sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). This forcing amplitude is observed to undergo strong temporal fluctuations. Characteristics of the resulting transient forcing leading to SSWs are studied in reanalysis data and in highly truncated simple models of stratospheric wave–mean flow interaction. It is found in both the reanalysis data and the simple models that SSWs are preferentially generated by transient forcing of sufficiently long time scales (on the ord

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10

Hitchcock, Peter, Theodore G. Shepherd, Masakazu Taguchi, Shigeo Yoden, and Shunsuke Noguchi. "Lower-Stratospheric Radiative Damping and Polar-Night Jet Oscillation Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 5 (2013): 1391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0193.1.

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Abstract The effect of stratospheric radiative damping time scales on stratospheric variability and on stratosphere–troposphere coupling is investigated in a simplified global circulation model by modifying the vertical profile of radiative damping in the stratosphere while holding it fixed in the troposphere. Perpetual-January conditions are imposed, with sinusoidal topography of zonal wavenumber 1 or 2. The depth and duration of the simulated sudden stratospheric warmings closely track the lower-stratospheric radiative time scales. Simulations with the most realistic profiles of radiative da

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Liu, Y., C. X. Liu, H. P. Wang, et al. "Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 13633–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-13633-2008.

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Abstract. We use the stratospheric/tropospheric chemical transport model MOZART-3 to study the distribution and transport of stratospheric O3 during the exceptionally intense stratospheric sudden warming event observed in January 2004 in the Northern polar region. A comparison between observations by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT spacecraft and model simulations shows that the evolution of the polar vortex and of planetary waves during the warming event plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone and the downward ozone flux in the lower st

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12

Boljka, Lina, and Thomas Birner. "Tropopause-level planetary wave source and its role in two-way troposphere–stratosphere coupling." Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, no. 2 (2020): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-555-2020.

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Abstract. Atmospheric planetary waves play a fundamental role in driving stratospheric dynamics, including sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. It is well established that the bulk of the planetary wave activity originates near the surface. However, recent studies have pointed to a planetary wave source near the tropopause that may play an important role in the development of SSWs. Here we analyze the dynamical origin of this wave source and its impact on stratosphere–troposphere coupling, using an idealized model and a quasi-reanalysis. It is shown that the tropopause-level planetary wa

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13

Lü, Zhuozhuo, Fei Li, Yvan J. Orsolini, Yongqi Gao, and Shengping He. "Understanding of European Cold Extremes, Sudden Stratospheric Warming, and Siberian Snow Accumulation in the Winter of 2017/18." Journal of Climate 33, no. 2 (2020): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0861.1.

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AbstractIt is unclear whether the Eurasian snow plays a role in the tropospheric driving of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). The major SSW event of February 2018 is analyzed using reanalysis datasets. Characterized by predominant planetary waves of zonal wave 2, the SSW developed into a vortex split via wave–mean flow interaction. In the following two weeks, the downward migration of zonal-mean zonal wind anomalies was accompanied by a significant transition to the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation, leading to extensive cold extremes across Europe. Here, we demonstrate that a

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14

Krüger, Kirstin, Barbara Naujokat, and Karin Labitzke. "The Unusual Midwinter Warming in the Southern Hemisphere Stratosphere 2002: A Comparison to Northern Hemisphere Phenomena." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3316.1.

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Abstract A strong midwinter warming occurred in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratosphere in September 2002. Based on experiences from the Northern Hemisphere (NH), this event can be defined as a major warming with a breakdown of the polar vortex in midwinter, which has never been detected so far in the SH since observations began at the earliest in the 1940s. Minor midwinter warmings occasionally occurred in the SH, but a strong interannual variability, as is present in winter and spring in the NH, has been explicitly associated with the spring reversals. A detailed analysis of this winter re

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15

Attard, Hannah E., Rosimar Rios-Berrios, Corey T. Guastini, and Andrea L. Lang. "Tropospheric and Stratospheric Precursors to the January 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 4 (2016): 1321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0175.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the tropospheric and stratospheric precursors to a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) that began on 6 January 2013. Using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis dataset, the analysis identified two distinct decelerations of the 10-hPa zonal mean zonal wind at 65°N in December in addition to the major SSW, which occurred on 6 January 2013 when the 10-hPa zonal mean zonal wind at 65°N reversed from westerly to easterly. The analysis shows that the two precursor events preconditioned the stratosphere for the SSW. Analysis of the tropospheric state in the day

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16

Kang, Wanying, and Eli Tziperman. "More Frequent Sudden Stratospheric Warming Events due to Enhanced MJO Forcing Expected in a Warmer Climate." Journal of Climate 30, no. 21 (2017): 8727–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0044.1.

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Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events influence the Arctic Oscillation and midlatitude extreme weather. Observations show SSW events to be correlated with certain phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), but the effect of the MJO on SSW frequency is unknown, and the teleconnection mechanism, its planetary wave propagation path, and time scale are still not completely understood. The Arctic stratosphere response to increased MJO forcing expected in a warmer climate using two models is studied: the comprehensive Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model and an idealized dry dynamical co

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17

Coy, Lawrence, Stephen Eckermann, and Karl Hoppel. "Planetary Wave Breaking and Tropospheric Forcing as Seen in the Stratospheric Sudden Warming of 2006." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 2 (2009): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2784.1.

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Abstract The major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of January 2006 is examined using meteorological fields from Goddard Earth Observing System version 4 (GEOS-4) analyses and forecast fields from the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System–Advanced Level Physics, High Altitude (NOGAPS-ALPHA). The study focuses on the upper tropospheric forcing that led to the major SSW and the vertical structure of the subtropic wave breaking near 10 hPa that moved low tropical values of potential vorticity (PV) to the pole. Results show that an eastward-propagating upper tropospheric ridge ov

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18

Eguchi, N., K. Kodera, and T. Nasuno. "A global non-hydrostatic model study of a downward coupling through the tropical tropopause layer during a stratospheric sudden warming." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 5 (2014): 6803–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-6803-2014.

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Abstract. The dynamical coupling process between the stratosphere and troposphere in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during a stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in boreal winter was investigated using simulation data from a global non-hydrostatic model (NICAM) that does not use cumulus parameterization. The model reproduced well the observed tropical tropospheric changes during the SSW including the enhancement of convective activity following the amplification of planetary waves. Deep convective activity was enhanced in the latitude zone 20–10° S, in particular over the southwest Pacific

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Eguchi, N., K. Kodera, and T. Nasuno. "A global non-hydrostatic model study of a downward coupling through the tropical tropopause layer during a stratospheric sudden warming." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 1 (2015): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-297-2015.

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Abstract. The dynamical coupling process between the stratosphere and troposphere in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) during a~stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in boreal winter was investigated using simulation data from a global non-hydrostatic model (NICAM) that does not use cumulus parameterization. The model reproduced well the observed tropical tropospheric changes during the SSW, including the enhancement of convective activity following the amplification of planetary waves. Deep convective activity was enhanced in the latitude zone 20–10° S, in particular over the southwest Pacific

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Kodera, Kunihiko, Nawo Eguchi, Hitoshi Mukougawa, Tomoe Nasuno, and Toshihiko Hirooka. "Stratospheric tropical warming event and its impact on the polar and tropical troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 1 (2017): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-615-2017.

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Abstract. Stratosphere–troposphere coupling is investigated in relation to middle atmospheric subtropical jet (MASTJ) variations in boreal winter. An exceptional strengthening of the MASTJ occurred in association with a sudden equatorward shift of the stratospheric polar night jet (PNJ) in early December 2011. This abrupt transformation of the MASTJ and PNJ had no apparent relation to the upward propagation of planetary waves from the troposphere. The impact of this stratospheric event penetrated into the troposphere in two regions: in the northern polar region and the tropics. Due to the stro

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Martineau, Patrick, and Seok-Woo Son. "Onset of Circulation Anomalies during Stratospheric Vortex Weakening Events: The Role of Planetary-Scale Waves." Journal of Climate 28, no. 18 (2015): 7347–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00478.1.

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Abstract To highlight the details of stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling during the onset of strong polar vortex variability, this study identifies stratospheric vortex weakening (SVW) events by rapid deceleration of the polar vortex and performs composite budget analyses in the transformed Eulerian-mean (TEM) framework on daily time scales. Consistent with previous work, a rapid deceleration of the polar vortex, followed by a rather slow recovery, is largely explained by conservative dynamics with nonnegligible contribution by nonconservative sinks of wave activity. During the onset o

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Statnaia, Irina A., Alexey Y. Karpechko, and Heikki J. Järvinen. "Mechanisms and predictability of sudden stratospheric warming in winter 2018." Weather and Climate Dynamics 1, no. 2 (2020): 657–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-1-657-2020.

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Abstract. In the beginning of February 2018 a rapid deceleration of the westerly circulation in the polar Northern Hemisphere stratosphere took place, and on 12 February the zonal-mean zonal wind at 60∘ N and 10 hPa reversed to easterly in a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event. We investigate the role of the tropospheric forcing in the occurrence of the SSW, its predictability and teleconnection with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) by analysing the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble forecast. The SSW was preceded by significant synoptic wave activity o

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Butler, Amy H., and Daniela I. V. Domeisen. "The wave geometry of final stratospheric warming events." Weather and Climate Dynamics 2, no. 2 (2021): 453–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wcd-2-453-2021.

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Abstract. Every spring, the stratospheric polar vortex transitions from its westerly wintertime state to its easterly summertime state due to seasonal changes in incoming solar radiation, an event known as the “final stratospheric warming” (FSW). While FSWs tend to be less abrupt than reversals of the boreal polar vortex in midwinter, known as sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, their timing and characteristics can be significantly modulated by atmospheric planetary-scale waves. While SSWs are commonly classified according to their wave geometry, either by how the vortex evolves (whethe

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Tripathi, Om P., Mark Baldwin, Andrew Charlton-Perez, et al. "Examining the Predictability of the Stratospheric Sudden Warming of January 2013 Using Multiple NWP Systems." Monthly Weather Review 144, no. 5 (2016): 1935–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-15-0010.1.

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The first multimodel study to estimate the predictability of a boreal sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is performed using five NWP systems. During the 2012/13 boreal winter, anomalous upward propagating planetary wave activity was observed toward the end of December, which was followed by a rapid deceleration of the westerly circulation around 2 January 2013, and on 7 January 2013 the zonal-mean zonal wind at 60°N and 10 hPa reversed to easterly. This stratospheric dynamical activity was followed by an equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet stream and by a high pressure anomaly over the N

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Kushner, Paul J., and Lorenzo M. Polvani. "A Very Large, Spontaneous Stratospheric Sudden Warming in a Simple AGCM: A Prototype for the Southern Hemisphere Warming of 2002?" Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3314.1.

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Abstract An exceptionally strong stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) that spontaneously occurs in a very simple stratosphere–troposphere AGCM is discussed. The model is a dry, hydrostatic, primitive equation model without planetary stationary waves. Transient baroclinic wave–wave interaction in the troposphere thus provides the only source of upward-propagating wave activity into the stratosphere. The model’s SSW is grossly similar to the Southern Hemisphere major SSW of 2002: it occurs after weaker warmings “precondition” the polar vortex for breaking, it involves a split of the polar vortex,

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Liu, Y., C. X. Liu, H. P. Wang, et al. "Atmospheric tracers during the 2003–2004 stratospheric warming event and impact of ozone intrusions in the troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 6 (2009): 2157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2157-2009.

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Abstract. We use the stratospheric/tropospheric chemical transport model MOZART-3 to study the distribution and transport of stratospheric O3 during the remarkable stratospheric sudden warming event observed in January 2004 in the northern polar region. A comparison between observations by the MIPAS instrument on board the ENVISAT spacecraft and model simulations shows that the evolution of the polar vortex and of planetary waves during the warming event plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of stratospheric ozone and the downward ozone flux in the lower stratosphere

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Kishore, P., I. Velicogna, M. Venkat Ratnam, J. H. Jiang, and G. N. Madhavi. "Planetary waves in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere during 2009 Arctic major stratospheric warming." Annales Geophysicae 30, no. 10 (2012): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-1529-2012.

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Abstract. The AURA-MLS daily mean temperatures and zonal wind from NASA-MERRA reanalysis for latitudes between 60° N and 80° N are used to investigate the planetary wave (PW) characteristics in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) (November 2008 to March 2009). Here, we used a novel method called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to extract the PWs from the temperature data. The EMD is an interesting approach to decompose signals into locally periodic components, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), and will easily identify the embedded structures, e

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Hu, Jinggao, Rongcai Ren, and Haiming Xu. "Occurrence of Winter Stratospheric Sudden Warming Events and the Seasonal Timing of Spring Stratospheric Final Warming." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 7 (2014): 2319–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0349.1.

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Abstract Based on the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis dataset covering 1958–2012, this paper demonstrates a statistically significant relationship between the occurrence of major stratospheric sudden warming events (SSWs) in midwinter and the seasonal timing of stratospheric final warming events (SFWs) in spring. Specifically, early spring SFWs that on average occur in early March tend to be preceded by non-SSW winters, while late spring SFWs that on average take place up until early May are mostly preceded by SSW events in midwinter. Though the occurrence (absence) of SSW events in midwinter may not alw

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Kodera, K., B. M. Funatsu, C. Claud, and N. Eguchi. "The role of convective overshooting clouds in tropical stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 16 (2014): 23745–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-23745-2014.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the role of deep convection and overshooting convective clouds in stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in the tropics during two large major stratospheric sudden warming events in January 2009 and January 2010. During both events, convective activity and precipitation increased in the equatorial Southern Hemisphere as a result of a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by enhanced stratospheric planetary wave activity. Correlation coefficients between variables related to the convective activity and the vertical velocity were calculated

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Kodera, K., B. M. Funatsu, C. Claud, and N. Eguchi. "The role of convective overshooting clouds in tropical stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 12 (2015): 6767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6767-2015.

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Abstract. This paper investigates the role of deep convection and overshooting convective clouds in stratosphere–troposphere dynamical coupling in the tropics during two large major stratospheric sudden warming events in January 2009 and January 2010. During both events, convective activity and precipitation increased in the equatorial Southern Hemisphere as a result of a strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation induced by enhanced stratospheric planetary wave activity. Correlation coefficients between variables related to the convective activity and the vertical velocity were calculated

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Nishii, Kazuaki, Hisashi Nakamura, and Yvan J. Orsolini. "Geographical Dependence Observed in Blocking High Influence on the Stratospheric Variability through Enhancement and Suppression of Upward Planetary-Wave Propagation." Journal of Climate 24, no. 24 (2011): 6408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-10-05021.1.

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Abstract Previous studies have suggested the importance of blocking high (BH) development for the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warming (SSW), while there is a recent study that failed to identify their statistical linkage. Through composite analysis applied to high-amplitude anticyclonic anomaly events observed around every grid point over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere, the present study reveals a distinct geographical dependence of BH influence on the upward propagation of planetary waves (PWs) into the stratosphere. Tropospheric BHs that develop over the Euro-Atlantic sector te

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Naito, Yoko, and Shigeo Yoden. "Behavior of Planetary Waves before and after Stratospheric Sudden Warming Events in Several Phases of the Equatorial QBO." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 6 (2006): 1637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3702.1.

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Abstract Almost a thousand stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events are obtained through long time integrations with a simple global circulation model, and a statistical analysis based on such a large number of samples is made to investigate behavior of planetary waves before and after SSW events depending on the phase of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). An idealized zonal momentum forcing to mimic a phase of the QBO is imposed under a perpetual winter condition, and eight phases of the QBO-wind forcing are examined for 8 × 10 800-day datasets. Some systematic dependence on th

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Kang, Wanying, and Eli Tziperman. "The Role of Zonal Asymmetry in the Enhancement and Suppression of Sudden Stratospheric Warming Variability by the Madden–Julian Oscillation." Journal of Climate 31, no. 6 (2018): 2399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0489.1.

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Sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events influence the Arctic Oscillation and midlatitude extreme weather. Previous work showed the Arctic stratosphere to be influenced by the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and that the SSW frequency increases with an increase of the MJO amplitude, expected in a warmer climate. It is shown here that the zonal asymmetry in both the background state and forcing plays a dominant role, leading to either enhancement or suppression of SSW events by MJO-like forcing. When applying a circumglobal MJO-like forcing in a dry dynamic core model, the MJO-forced waves can

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Chandran, A., and R. L. Collins. "Stratospheric sudden warming effects on winds and temperature in the middle atmosphere at middle and low latitudes: a study using WACCM." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 7 (2014): 859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-859-2014.

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Abstract. A stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) is a dynamical phenomenon of the wintertime stratosphere caused by the interaction between planetary Rossby waves propagating from the troposphere and the stratospheric zonal-mean flow. While the effects of SSW events are seen predominantly in high latitudes, they can also produce significant changes in middle and low latitude temperature and winds. In this study we quantify the middle and low latitude effects of SSW events on temperature and zonal-mean winds using a composite of SSW events between 1988 and 2010 simulated with the specified dynami

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Schneidereit, Andrea, Dieter H. W. Peters, Christian M. Grams, et al. "Enhanced Tropospheric Wave Forcing of Two Anticyclones in the Prephase of the January 2009 Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 5 (2017): 1797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0242.1.

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Abstract Tropospheric forcing of planetary wavenumber 2 is examined in the prephase of the major stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009 (MSSW 2009). Because of a huge increase in Eliassen–Palm fluxes induced mainly by wavenumber 2, easterly angular momentum is transported into the Arctic stratosphere, deposited, and then decelerates the polar night jet. In agreement with earlier studies, the results reveal that the strongest eddy heat fluxes, associated with wavenumber 2, occur at 100 hPa during the prephase of MSSW 2009 in ERA-Interim. In addition, moderate conditions of the cold

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Shaw, Tiffany A., and Judith Perlwitz. "The Impact of Stratospheric Model Configuration on Planetary-Scale Waves in Northern Hemisphere Winter." Journal of Climate 23, no. 12 (2010): 3369–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3438.1.

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Abstract The impact of stratospheric model configuration on modeled planetary-scale waves in Northern Hemisphere winter is examined using the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM). The CMAM configurations include a high-lid (0.001 hPa) and a low-lid (10 hPa) configuration, which were each run with and without conservation of parameterized gravity wave momentum flux. The planetary wave structure, vertical propagation, and the basic state are found to be in good agreement with reanalysis data for the high-lid conservative configuration with the exception of the downward-propagating wave 1 sign

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Martineau, Patrick, Seok-Woo Son, Masakazu Taguchi, and Amy H. Butler. "A comparison of the momentum budget in reanalysis datasets during sudden stratospheric warming events." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (2018): 7169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7169-2018.

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Abstract. The agreement between reanalysis datasets, in terms of the zonal-mean momentum budget, is evaluated during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events. It is revealed that there is a good agreement among datasets in the lower stratosphere and troposphere concerning zonal-mean zonal wind, but less so in the upper stratosphere. Forcing terms of the momentum equation are also relatively similar in the lower atmosphere, but their uncertainties are typically larger than uncertainties of the zonal-wind tendency. Similar to zonal-wind tendency, the agreement among forcing terms is degraded in

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Zuev, V. V., E. S. Savelieva, and A. V. Pavlinsky. "Analysis of the Arctic polar vortex dynamics during the sudden stratospheric warming in January 2009." Arctic and Antarctic Research 67, no. 2 (2021): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30758/0555-2648-2021-67-2-134-146.

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The Arctic polar vortex is often affected by wave activity during its life cycle. The planetary Rossby waves propagating from the troposphere to the stratosphere occasionally lead to the displacement or splitting of the polar vortex, accompanied by sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). In January 2009, one of the largest SSWs was observed in the Arctic. In this work, the dynamics of the polar vortex during the 2009 SSW is considered using a new method that allows one to estimate the vortex area, the wind speed at the vortex edge, the mean temperature and ozone mass mixing ratio inside the vortex

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Matthewman, N. Joss, and J. G. Esler. "Stratospheric Sudden Warmings as Self-Tuning Resonances. Part I: Vortex Splitting Events." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 11 (2011): 2481–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-07.1.

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Abstract The fundamental dynamics of “vortex splitting” stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs), which are known to be predominantly barotropic in nature, are reexamined using an idealized single-layer f-plane model of the polar vortex. The aim is to elucidate the conditions under which a stationary topographic forcing causes the model vortex to split, and to express the splitting condition as a function of the model parameters determining the topography and circulation. For a specified topographic forcing profile the model behavior is governed by two nondimensional parameters: the topographic fo

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Richter, Jadwiga H., Fabrizio Sassi, and Rolando R. Garcia. "Toward a Physically Based Gravity Wave Source Parameterization in a General Circulation Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 1 (2010): 136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3112.1.

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Abstract Middle atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) must employ a parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GWs). Such parameterizations typically make very simple assumptions about gravity wave sources, such as uniform distribution in space and time or an arbitrarily specified GW source function. The authors present a configuration of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) that replaces the arbitrarily specified GW source spectrum with GW source parameterizations. For the nonorographic wave sources, a frontal system and convective GW source parameterization are u

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Kuttippurath, J., and G. Nikulin. "The sudden stratospheric warming of the Arctic winter 2009/2010: comparison to other recent warm winters." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (2012): 7243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-7243-2012.

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Abstract. The Arctic winter 2009/10 was moderately cold in December. A minor warming occurred around mid-December due to a wave 2 amplification split the lower stratospheric vortex into two lobes. The vortices merged again and formed a relatively large vortex in a few days. The temperatures began to rise by mid-January and triggered a major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) by the reversal of westerlies in late (24–26) January, driven by a planetary wave 1 with a peak amplitude of about 100 m2 s−2 at 60° N/10 hPa. The momentum flux associated with this warming showed the largest value in the

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Scott, R. K., and L. M. Polvani. "Internal Variability of the Winter Stratosphere. Part I: Time-Independent Forcing." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 63, no. 11 (2006): 2758–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3797.1.

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Abstract This paper examines the nature and robustness of internal stratospheric variability, namely the variability resulting from the internal dynamics of the stratosphere itself, as opposed to that forced by external sources such as the natural variability of the free troposphere. Internal stratospheric variability arises from the competing actions of radiative forcing, which under perpetual winter conditions strengthens the polar vortex, and planetary wave breaking, which weakens it. The results from a stratosphere-only model demonstrate that strong internal stratospheric variability, cons

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Kim, Young-Joon, and Maria Flatau. "Hindcasting the January 2009 Arctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming and Its Influence on the Arctic Oscillation with Unified Parameterization of Orographic Drag in NOGAPS. Part I: Extended-Range Stand-Alone Forecast." Weather and Forecasting 25, no. 6 (2010): 1628–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222421.1.

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Abstract A very strong Arctic major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event occurred in late January 2009. The stratospheric temperature climbed abruptly and the zonal winds reversed direction, completely splitting the polar stratospheric vortex. A hindcast of this event is attempted by using the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS), which includes the full stratosphere with its top at around 65 km. As Part I of this study, extended-range (3 week) forecast experiments are performed using NOGAPS without the aid of data assimilation. A unified parameterization of orogr

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Harada, Yayoi, Atsushi Goto, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Norihisa Fujikawa, Hiroaki Naoe, and Toshihiko Hirooka. "A Major Stratospheric Sudden Warming Event in January 2009." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 6 (2010): 2052–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3320.1.

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Abstract The major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event of January 2009 is analyzed using the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Climate Data Assimilation System (JCDAS). This SSW event is characterized by the extraordinary predominance of the planetary-scale wave of zonal wavenumber 2 (wave 2). The total amount of the upward Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux for wave 2 was the strongest since the winter of 1978/79. It is found that the remarkable development of the upper troposphere ridge over Alaska played important roles in the SSW in January 2009. During the first development stage, the ridge exc

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Albers, John R., and Thomas Birner. "Vortex Preconditioning due to Planetary and Gravity Waves prior to Sudden Stratospheric Warmings." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 11 (2014): 4028–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0026.1.

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Abstract Reanalysis data are used to evaluate the evolution of polar vortex geometry, planetary wave drag, and gravity wave drag prior to split versus displacement sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). A composite analysis that extends upward to the lower mesosphere reveals that split SSWs are characterized by a transition from a wide, funnel-shaped vortex that is anomalously strong to a vortex that is constrained about the pole and has little vertical tilt. In contrast, displacement SSWs are characterized by a wide, funnel-shaped vortex that is anomalously weak throughout the prewarming perio

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Gray, Lesley, Warwick Norton, Charlotte Pascoe, and Andrew Charlton. "A Possible Influence of Equatorial Winds on the September 2002 Southern Hemisphere Sudden Warming Event." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 3 (2005): 651–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-3339.1.

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Abstract The stratospheric sudden warming in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in September 2002 was unexpected for two reasons. First, planetary wave activity in the Southern Hemisphere is very weak, and midwinter warmings have never been observed, at least not since observations of the upper stratosphere became regularly available. Second, the warming occurred in a west phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the lower stratosphere. This is unexpected because warmings are usually considered to be more likely in the east phase of the QBO, when a zero wind line is present in the winter sub

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Erlebach, P., U. Langematz, and S. Pawson. "Simulations of stratospheric sudden warmings in the Berlin troposphere-stratosphere-mesosphere GCM." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 4 (1996): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0443-6.

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Abstract. Stratospheric sudden warming events in the Northern Hemisphere of the Berlin TSM GCM are investigated. In about 50% of the simulated years (13 out of 28), major midwinter warmings occur. This agrees well with observations but, whereas real events tend to occur approximately every second season, those in the model are clustered, most of them occur in the period between years 15/16 and years 24/25. In most other years, minor warming events take place. The warming events are found earlier in the winter than in reality. Many of the observed characteristics of warming events are well capt

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Tomikawa, Yoshihiro. "Persistence of Easterly Wind during Major Stratospheric Sudden Warmings." Journal of Climate 23, no. 19 (2010): 5258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3507.1.

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Abstract This study examines why the persistence of easterly wind during major stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) varies from one SSW to another. From the 22 SSWs identified between 1979 and 2009, six long and six short SSWs of easterly wind periods longer than 20 days and shorter than 10 days, respectively, are chosen and their composites are compared. While the polar-night jet is stronger than the climatological jet before long SSWs, the preconditioning of the polar-night jet tends to occur before short SSWs. After the occurrence of SSWs, the easterly wind of short SSWs quickly returns to

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Taguchi, Masakazu, and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Increased Occurrence of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings during El Niño as Simulated by WACCM." Journal of Climate 19, no. 3 (2006): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3655.1.

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Abstract Experiments with Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) under perpetual January conditions indicate that stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) are twice as likely to occur in El Niño winters than in La Niña winters, in basic agreement with the limited observational dataset. Tropical SST anomalies that mimic El Niño and La Niña lead to changes in the shape of probability distribution functions (PDFs) of stratospheric day-to-day variability, resulting in a warmer pole and weaker vortex on average for El Niño conditions. The tropical SST forcing induces a response similar to the

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Lubis, Sandro W., Katja Matthes, Nili Harnik, Nour-Eddine Omrani, and Sebastian Wahl. "Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere under Future Anthropogenic Climate Change." Journal of Climate 31, no. 10 (2018): 4135–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0382.1.

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Abstract Downward wave coupling (DWC) is an important process that characterizes the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere via planetary wave reflection. A recent modeling study has indicated that natural forcing factors, including sea surface temperature (SST) variability and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), influence DWC and the associated surface impact in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In light of this, the authors further investigate how DWC in the NH is affected by anthropogenic forcings, using a fully coupled chemistry–climate model CESM1(WACCM). The results in

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