To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Suddenly.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Suddenly'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Suddenly.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Deibel, Matthew JA. "Suddenly, I Didn't Want to Die." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1447960178.
Full text
2
Bergström, Maria, Veronica Olin, and Sara Widén. "Aspects of caring for suddenly bereaved relatives." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3650.
Full textAbstract:
Background: When a person suddenly pass away, the relatives often arrive to the Emergency Department under chaotic circumstances. In this critical situation the nurse has an important role for the care. Many nurses lack of knowledge about how to take care of the bereaved relatives. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to describe aspects of caring for suddenly bereaved relatives. Method: The data for the study were scientific articles found in the databases PubMed and Cinahl and from a manual search. The study included ten articles which were analysed using a content analysis. The content was organized in meaning units, subcategories and main categories. Result: The study resulted in three main categories: Factors that affect nurses care, Relatives needs and Conditions in the working area. Nurses with high competence and a high level of self knowledge seemed to have the best opportunities to take care of bereaved relatives. The relatives valued emotional support, confirmation, justification of their grief reactions and honest information. Lack of facilities such as private rooms, stressful situations and unclearly defined responsibility areas were factors that affected nurses care about bereaved relatives .Conclusion: Insufficient knowledge concerning the care of bereaved relatives is a fact among nurses today. Further science focused on relatives experiences are necessary to give nurses and other health care personnel increased knowledge. It is our hope that this study may inspire such science.
3
Dent, Ann Leslie. "Support for families whose child dies suddenly from accident or illness." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/3527a355-4008-4d20-af05-01121630e2e1.
Full text
4
Karantonis, Konstantinos. "Modelling and simulation of turbulence in unsteady separated and suddenly-expanded flows." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7900.
Full textAbstract:
The scope of this PhD thesis is the simulation of turbulence in time-dependent, separated
and suddenly-expanded channel flows. High-resolution and very high-order numerical
methods have been employed in the framework of Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES)
to elucidate open questions about the physics in flows with sudden expansion.
It is well known that the planar sudden expansion (PSE), despite its simple and symmetric
geometry it produces a very complex behaviour and a distinctly asymmetric flow
pattern ascribed mainly to the Coanda effect. Such flows are encountered in a wide range
of practical engineering applications, such as combustion, hydraulic and fluidic devices,
air ducts, and mixing equipments. It is of great importance, therefore, to understand the
mechanisms that dominate flows with separation and reattachment of the shear layers, as
well as flows with regions of strong reversed motion.
This thesis has for the first time analysed in detail the turbulent kinetic energy budget
(TKEB) for the PSE. This analysis has been extended to examine the influence of Mach
number on each individual component of the TKEB. The resulting data can be used as
reference for further development of turbulence models capable of accurately resolving
the flow behaviour in suddenly-expanded flows.
Cont/d.
5
Kanto, L. (Laura). "”And suddenly, like, something broke”:mielenterveysongelmien teema videopelissä Night in the Woods." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201812183289.
Full text
6
Vamvakoulas, Christos. "Advanced computational modelling and simulation of transition to turbulence in separated suddenly-expanded channel flows." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6827.
Full textAbstract:
The main scope of this PhD thesis is the analysis of unsteady laminar and transitional
suddenly expanded flows. For this reason Implicit Large Eddy Simulation
(ILES) approach was used in combination with high order, high resolution numerical
methods. The numerical methods examined are a 2nd order Monotonic Upwind
Scheme for Scalar Conservation Laws (MUSCL) with Van Leer limiter, a high order
(3rd) interpolation and a 5th order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory scheme
(WENO).
First the numerical data for three low (steady state) Reynolds numbers and for
two unsteady ( in the form of primary frequencies) were compared to the experimental
data and were found in good agreement. A grid convergence study was
undertaken for two Reynolds numbers demonstrating grid convergence and justifying
the selection of the grid. The three numerical methods were evaluated for
two Reynolds numbers showing good agreement for Reynolds number 412 and discrepancies
at Reynolds number 900 between MUSCL and WENO with the MUSCL
demonstrating a very dissipative behavior.
The physical behavior of the flow in a wide range of Reynolds numbers were
examined. For this range the flow behavior changed from steady to unsteady laminar
and finally exhibiting localized transition to turbulence. The behavior of the main
recirculation areas was described and the vortex shedding that occur there and how
this change with the Reynolds number. The flow was observed to change from
an unsteady quasi three dimensional flow at Reynolds number 412 to an increased
transitional state with three dimensional vortical structures at Reynolds number
550.
Kinetic energy spectra were calculated for the aforementioned range of Reynolds
numbers. The primary frequencies are increasing with Reynolds number as expected.
The slopes that were calculated for the inertial subrange revealed a trend. As the
Reynolds number is increasing the slopes are decreasing approaching the value given
by Kolmogorov -5/3.
7
Maynard, Lucy. ""Suddenly I see " : outdoor youth development's impact on young women's well-being : a model of empowerment." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618309.
Full textAbstract:
This research explored the experiences of a group of young women participating in an outdoor youth development project. The research questioned how the project impacted upon their well-being. A feminist participative action research approach developed this questioning through four cycles of research, working with six groups of young women. The young women became co-researchers in the process and together we compiled the story of their experience. The young women's key workers and the outdoor youth development trainers also became co-researchers. Reflection and analysis from all of the co-researchers' experiences led to the abstract conceptualisation of key processes within the project. Empowerment was found to be a key process which developed from the young women becoming more self-aware. Empowerment was seen as a balance of reflection (self-awareness and critical consciousness) and action (proactive and in control of their lives). This impacted on the young women's well-being as they became conscious of their own well-being and were then more able to control and enhance their well-being. This process was captured as a model of empowerment with distinct phases: sparking, realising, wanting, proactive decision, learning how, transferring, sustaining and recycling. The model of empowerment was proposed as a tool to both frame and analyse wider outdoor youth development practice. This made a significant contribution to understanding the role that outdoor youth development played in enhancing young people's well-being, ultimately towards social change.
8
Forssmann, Chantal, and Lisa Hildebrand. "Perceived Proximity in Times of Spatial Distance : Understanding the Mediating Effect of Communication Behavior in Suddenly Dispersed Teams." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177632.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The persistent Covid-19 pandemic tremendously challenged existing work teams as it drove spatial dispersion among colleagues and greater dependence on virtual communication tools. Consequently, teams were required to adapt proven communication practices that mediate the exchange of social information and the perception of proximity to teammates. Aim: We aim to broaden team studies’ theoretical understanding of communication behavior and proximity in the light of contextual changes by developing an empathic understanding of the contemporary phenomena. This entails identifying arisen communication behavior patterns and assessing the impact of behavioral changes on team members’ perception of proximity. Methodology: By conducting a qualitative case study, we investigated three teams of a medium-sized German fashion corporation. The iterative data collection entailed six semi-structured interviews with individuals and focus groups and complementary quantitative surveys. Findings: We posit that sudden spatial dispersion of familiar teams does not inevitable lead to greater perceived distance, but that a team’s ability to appropriate technology, so social needs are met, is decisive. Further, the new communication practices of all teams were found to maintain high levels of synchronicity and social informational value. Yet, communication quality and social exchange was partially hampered by reduced spontaneity, greater passiveness, and a loss of humor. This was found to be strongly influenced by team members’ attitudes towards used technology.
9
Svensson, Rebecka, and Gabriella Lodin. "Sustainable Innovation in Supply Chain Management within the Food Industry : “By knowing we can suddenly act more proactively”." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96148.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Entrepreneurship is dependent on innovation and entrepreneurial activities increase competition. The world is facing many problems concerning sustainability, especially in the food industry. There are challenges such as climate change and ethical issues, and to stay competitive in an industry faced with multiple challenges, a sustainability-driven innovation practice could be one way to do so. The food industry is of great importance to society and although there are research done in the area of sustainable innovation in the food industry there is still a need for clarification on how it can be applied. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to contribute with a deeper understanding and develop further knowledge about sustainable innovation in SSCM within the food industry. Methodology: This study is a single-case study and has a qualitative and abductive approach where data was collected through in-depth semi-structured online interviews. Conclusion: We found in this study that there is a challenge when it comes to getting acceptance and a common understanding of sustainability both externally and internally. We have contributed by shedding light on challenges and solutions concerning sustainability and therefore we have also developed the understanding of the triple bottom line within the food industry. A link was thus found between internal and external sustainability-work with the dissemination of information. Keywords: Sustainability, supply chain management, innovation, entrepreneurship, foodindustry, sustainable supply chain management, sustainable innovation.
10
Kirlew, Akil. "The horror film genre as an interpretive device in an adaptation of Tennessee Williams 's Suddenly last summer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19143.
Full textAbstract:
As my thesis, I have made an adaptation for film of Suddenly Last Summer by Tennessee Williams. The play tells the story of a young woman, Catharine Holly, who has been institutionalized shortly after her return to New Orleans from a vacation on the island of Cabeza de Lobo. Her cousin, Sebastian, a wealthy poet and gay sex-tourist died on this trip. He was killed and partially eaten by a group of impoverished young men (at least some of these men were his former sexual partners). Sebastian's mother, Violet Venable - in the hopes of suppressing the true circumstances surrounding the death of her son - attempts to persuade an ambitious young doctor to lobotomize Catharine as the play opens. It should be noted that the horror film genre has greatly affected my thinking about this project, and I will be discussing three sub-genres of horror at some length: body horror, the slasher film, and race horror. The horror films and trends to be discussed come, in the main, from the period ranging from the late 1970s to the early 1990s and will, I think, be of great help in explaining certain choices I have made in the course of making this film. My main interest is determining whether the themes present in Williams's original text can be explored and expanded upon via recourse to the horror genre. Additionally, my film moves the action of Suddenly Last Summer from the New Orleans of the early half of the twentieth century to modem-day Cape Town. However, the action takes place in a sort of netherworld or blank space that serves as metaphor for both cinema and the white cube of the gallery. This choice of staging is meant to refer to Catharine's mention of the "blazing white wall" against which her cousin's body was thrown after his death. In fact, all throughout Catharine's description of how and why Sebastian died-and it must be remembered that it is this description that serves as the denouement of the play-mentions of white light, white heat, Sebastian's whiteness (as opposed to simply saying he looked pale), and the whiteness of the day itself are employed as a sort of leitmotif That Catharine uses "whiteness" in describing an incredibly violent chapter in her past is crucial to my understanding of the text and has helped me craft a cinematic strategy for my adaptation of this play. The violence and savagery that has marked Catharine's past has followed her into the present, just as it has followed her from the impoverished island of Cabeza de Lobo to the wealthy Garden District of New Orleans, and-if Violet Venable has her way-it will follow Catharine into her future. Taking the key descriptive element of that violent day in Cabeza de Lobo and using it to paint the world of Catharine's present will, I hope, make this connection clear.
11
Krychtálek, Zdeněk. "Technický výklad vybraných pojmů z pravidel silničního provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232475.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the current situation and prepare a technical interpretation of selected basic concepts of traffic rules to increase legal certainty and the road needs to bring to engineering practice. These are the concepts of safe distance, perspective, suddenly and unsuddenly. The diploma work is dealt with on a technical interpretation of selected terms of traffic rules, which are important for safety.
12
Tebble, Gary. ""I suddenly had a voice" : a qualitative study of patient experiences of violence and treatment in a Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) unit." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578018.
Full textAbstract:
Narratives give direction, purpose and meaning to people's lives and are a key component in the development of personality. In forensic psychology, violent offending is most often presented as a set of enduring dispositional traits. It is argued, however, that an analysis of narratives may also offer useful insights into what sustains offending and what might lead to change. This review examines the literature on adult offender narratives and their function within correctional cultures and society. It suggests that practitioners may wish to consider incorporating features of what an offender is trying to achieve through their narratives into existing programmes of rehabilitation to ensure future gains are sustained. The implications of this are discussed. This study investigates the personal accounts of patients in a UK Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Unit who are engaging in treatment to help them manage their violent / offending behaviour. Ten participants were interviewed and their interviews were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four master themes surfaced: "A dog eat dog world" shows how violence became a legitimate response to early, abusive environments; "No-one really saw that side of me" explores how alterative ways of behaviour were deterred and difficult to relinquish; "Finding a voice" describes participants' experiences of change and what they see as important components of it; and 'Fears for the future' considers the difficulties that still lie ahead. As the DSPD pilot ends, how these experiences might help augment existing clinical treatment programmes are discussed.
13
Hill, Francis H. ""The Whole Foundations of the Solid Globe were Suddenly Rent Asunder": Space Place and Homelessness in Poe's "The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym" and Melville's "Benito Cereno"." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2280.
Full textAbstract:
My project examines the phenomenon of the hazy spaces on the periphery of the antebellum imagination that, while existing geographically at the very fringes of daily American life, are nonetheless active in the conceptualization, production, and representation of an idiosyncratic American sense of space: an anxiety of spatial fragmentation, formlessness, and modulation. In particular I am interested in Poe's “The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym” and Melville's “Benito Cereno,” both of which deal with American transoceanic travel to the proximity of Antarctica and its surrounding seas. These gothicized nautical fictions demonstrate an important dialectic playing out in these extreme spaces: the oscillating experience of external and closed space. What becomes detectable in antebellum literature in which spaces of enclosure interrupt expansiveness are far-reaching, deeply-rooted anxieties of an ever-transforming American space at risk of fragmenting and necessitating reorientation via the sort of imaginary travel texts being examined.
14
Shelton, Lehuanani Marie. "Sudden Fortune." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162010-085338/.
Full textAbstract:
A collection of short stories and experimental forms centered upon the life of Atti, a heroine whose experience as a multi-ethnic, lesbian-identified artist contributes to her (and other characters') theories about identity formation in a global community--one in which Western norms and Chamoru cultural practices are juxtaposed. Atti (whose name in Chamoru means "one who plays tricks") is an atypical heroine-figure, even in the most contemporary American literature, though her experience is representative of a significant community of Pacific Islanders currently living in America.
15
Warnes, C. A. "Sudden coronary death." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379320.
Full text
16
Ryan, Elizabeth T. "Sudden Gains and Sudden Losses in Cognitive Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354636220.
Full text
17
Durdu, Ceyhun Bora. "Essays on preventing sudden stops." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3719.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
18
Murray, Anne-Marie. "Investigations into cardiac sudden death." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252099.
Full text
19
Pienaar, Veruscha. "Viscous flow through sudden contractions." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/929.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (DTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2004Despite efforts since the 1950s, laminar flow through pipe fittings is still a topic that needs investigation (Jacobs, 1993). Most experimental studies on this topic include fittings such as contractions, expansions, elbows, valves and orifices (Edwards et aI., 1985; Turian et al., 1998; Pal & Hwang, 1999). Although sudden contractions are not often found in industry, most researchers included these fittings as part of their experimental investigation. The volume of work done on flow through sudden contractions over the last 50 years (e.g. Bogue, 1959; Christian et aI., 1972; Vrentas & Duda, 1973; Boger, 1987; Bullen et aI., 1996; Sisavath et aI., 2002), establishes its place of importance in the fundamental understanding offluid flow and fluid mechanics. There are inconsistent reports on the status ofthe study ofNewtonian fluids flowing through sudden contractions, i.e., that "it is a solved problem" (Boger, 1987) and "that it is far from being resolved" (Sisavath et aI., 2002). One reason for this apparent contradiction is the fact that most experimental studies do not agree with one another or with analytical and numerical studies. A state-of-the-art literature review by Pienaar et al. (2001) confirmed this and that further investigation of this topic is required. To explore these contradictions, it was necessary for one study to do both an experimental and numerical investigation and compare the results with existing literature. It was also important to find some basis for agreement of experimental work and not just add another data set to the existing scattered database. A test facility was built for testing three contraction ratios, i.e., ~ = 0.22, 0.50 and 0.85. A range ofNewtonian and non-Newtonian fluids was tested over a wide range ofReynolds number (Re = 0.01 - 100 000).
20
Toyoshima, Hideki, Senji Hayashi, Naohito Tanabe, Kunio Miyanishi, Tadashi Satoh, Yoshifusa Aizawa, and Tohru Izumi. "Sudden Death of Adults in Japan." 名古屋大学医学部, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6178.
Full text
21
Wesslén, Lars. "Sudden Cardiac death in Swedish orienteers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-632.
Full textAbstract:
An accumulation of sudden unexpected cardiac deaths (SUCD) occurred in young Swedish orienteers, most of whom were elite athletes. From 1979 to 1992 the incidence in 18 to 34 year old male elite orienteers ranked on the national level the same year as death was calculated to 30 (per 100,000), which represents a 20 to 40 fold increase from the expected rate. From 1989 to 1992, the incidence was 50. There were, however, no indications on any similar clusters of SUCD in other sports. A special program to alter behaviour in orienteers was implemented in 1992-1993, after which there have been no more cases of SUCD in orienteers below 35 years of age. A histopathological re-evaluation of 16 cases of SUCD revealed myocarditis in 75% of these cases. In parallel, four of those cases also had changes mimicing arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). The combination of an increased incidence and myocarditis suggested that infection may be a pathogenetic factor. A broad search for different microorganisms in archival sera from five cases and tissues from the autopsies in two of those cases revealed the only common finding that all had antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae. DNA from C. pneumoniae was detected in the lung and heart in one of two cases. The intimate contact with nature of orienteers suggested possible zoonotic/vectorborne pathogens. Bartonella is such a pathogen and known to cross-react with C. pneumoniae. The use of PCR to test for DNA from the gltA gene of Bartonella in the two formerly mentioned cases of SUCD, and in three additional cases, gave positive bands from the hearts in four cases and the lung in a fifth case. The PCR products were sequenced and found to be identical to B. henselae in three cases and almost identical to B. quintana in the remaining two cases. Four of the five cases had antibodies to Bartonella when using micro immunofluorescence test with the antigens B. henselae, B. quintana, and B. elizabethae. The total prevalence of antibodies to Bartonella was 31% in 1,136 elite orienteers vs. 6.8% in 322 healthy blood donors (p<0.001), suggesting widespread exposure in the elite. It is hypothesized that subacute or reactivated Bartonella infection has a pathogenetic role in SUCD in orienteers, and may be involved in the development of ARVC-like disease.
22
Niklasson, Sara. "Sudden inspiration. Skriftlig del till examenskonsert." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för jazz, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-901.
Full text
23
Wesslén, Lars. "Sudden cardiac death in Swedish orienteers /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4986-7/.
Full text
24
De, Zilwa Shane Ranel Noel. "Combustion oscillations in sudden-expansion flows." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322706.
Full text
25
O'Mahony, C. "Sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1408332/.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited myocardial disease associated with sustained ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Patients at high risk of SCD are currently identified by specific clinical characteristics, as outlined in an algorithm proposed by the American College of Cardiology and European Society of Cardiology in 2003. Patients at high risk of SCD are treated with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD), but the accuracy of the risk stratification algorithm, the long term outcome of ICD recipients and the nature of ventricular arrhythmias are unclear. Objectives: The aims of the thesis were to: a) characterise the electrophysiological nature of ventricular arrhythmias; b) determine long term outcomes post ICD implantation; c) validate the current risk stratification strategy; d) develop a novel clinical risk prediction model for SCD. Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort studies. Results: Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is the most common ICD-treated ventricular arrhythmia (86%), and premature ventricular complexes are the most common electrical triggers (72%). ICD recipients had an appropriate shock rate of 2.3%/year (none suffered SCD), but experienced inappropriate shocks (4.6%/year), implant complications (5.1%/year) and heart failure death/transplantation (1.7%/year). Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that the risk of SCD increases with the aggregation of risk factors, but the current risk stratification strategy has poor discrimination (time dependent receiver operating characteristic curve c=0.64 at 5 years). An alternative clinical risk prediction model providing more individualised SCD risk estimates is proposed. The risk prediction model was externally validated in an Italian cohort (Harrell’s c=0.78; calibration slope: 0.82). Conclusions: The mode of initiation and morphology of ventricular arrhythmias suggest that underlying mechanism is re-entry. The current risk stratification strategy has limited predictive capabilities, and as a consequence the majority of ICD recipients do not receive appropriate shocks and are exposed to ICD related complications. The novel SCD risk prediction model offers an alternative approach by providing validated SCD risk estimates.
26
Cullen, J. R. "Sudden hearing loss : an animal model." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326426.
Full text
27
Roberts, Timothy Lloyd. "Linoleic acid and sudden cardiac death." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281772.
Full text
28
BARBOSA, CRISTIANO PRADO MARTINS. "SUDDEN STOPS: POLITICAL FACTORS, REAL EFFECTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5486@1.
Full textAbstract:
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOO objetivo desta dissertação é analisar como fatores políticos e institucionais afetam a probabilidade de ocorrência de uma parada brusca de financiamento externo e quais os custos deste evento em termos de bem- estar para o país. Utilizando uma ampla base de dados em painel, o presente trabalho deixa claro que sudden stops geram, além de custos econômicos, elevados custos ao bem-estar nacional. O resultado é robusto frente a outras especificações dinâmicas e indica que uma parada brusca custa ao país 1.25 pontos percentuais de consumo/PIB no ano do evento. Dado o expressivo impacto sobre o bem-estar social, busca-se analisar que fatores aumentam ou diminuem a probabilidade de ocorrência de uma parada brusca nos países. Conclui-se então que variáveis políticas são relevantes para determinar a probabilidade de ocorrência do evento, desde que sejam incluídas neste grupo variáveis que meçam a extensão do poder executivo e da democracia nacional. Variáveis que regulam o processo de transição e a extensão do poder executivo demonstraram ter impactos altamente significantes sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência de uma parada brusca, tanto em termos estatísticos quanto em termos de impacto absoluto.
The main objectives of this dissertation are to analyze how political and institutional factors affect the likelihood of a sudden stop of external financing and to measure the costs of this event in terms of national welfare. After analyzing a wide panel database, we conclude that a sudden stop generates, besides economic effects, high costs to national welfare. The result is robust to other dynamic specifications and is estimated as a fall of 1.25 percentage points of consumption/GDP in the year of the event. This work also makes clear that political variables are relevant to determine the likelihood of a sudden stop since we include variables that measure the extent of executive power and national democracy. Variables that regulate the transitional process and extent of Executive`s power showed high significant statistical and absolute impacts on the probability of an event.
29
LOPES, DIOGO AQUINO DE REZENDE. "INTERNATIONAL RESERVES: PROTECTION AT SUDDEN STOPS?" PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7203@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORFUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Apesar de existirem argumentos simples e usuais de que reservas seriam uma proteção em sudden stops, encontramos poucos trabalhos sobre esse assunto na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo é justamente tentar identificar e quantificar os reais benefícios (ou custos) de se ter reservas nesse tipo de crise. Iniciamos construindo um modelo que, ao contrário do usual, permite que o estoque de reservas impacte a dinâmica do fluxo de capital, via expectativas. Ele sugere que reservas reduzem a probabilidade de ocorrência da crise, mas que, uma vez iniciada, ela tende a ser mais forte. Pesquisamos, então, essas relações empiricamente, com um painel de países. Não encontramos efeito sobre a probabilidade de sudden stop, mas, de fato, as regressões sugerem que reservas tendem a acentuar a queda do fluxo de capital nas crises. Ainda assim, não encontramos evidência de que esse instrumento afete o custo do sudden stop (medido como queda no produto).
Although there are simple and usual arguments claiming that reserves might offer protection at sudden stops, few papers about this subject are found in the literature. The goal of this study is to try to identify and quantify the real benefits (or costs) of having reserves at this kind of crisis. We begin with the construction of a model that, contrary to what is usually done, allows the stock of reserves to impact the dynamics of capital flows, through expectations. It suggests that reserves reduce the probability of occurrence of crisis, but, once it is starts, it tends to be stronger. We therefore study these relations empirically, with a panel of countries. We don´t find effects upon the probability of sudden stop, but, indeed, the regressions suggest that reserves tend to increase the fall in capital flows at crises. Nevertheless, we find no evidence that this instrument affects the cost of the sudden stop (measured by the product fall).
30
Gohar, E. S. "Sudden change, society and urban form." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32307.
Full text
31
Butler, Robert William. "Sudden leaps : the young Alfred Marshall /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487671108306868.
Full text
32
Nakashima, T., T. Yoshida, S. Nakata, M. Teranishi, I. M. Ishida, S. Naganawa, and M. Sugiura. "Vestibular aqueduct in sudden sensorineural hearing loss." Cambridge University Press, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14312.
Full text
33
Mistrangelo, Chiara. "Three-dimensional MHD flow in sudden expansions." Karlsruhe : FZKA, 2005. http://bibliothek.fzk.de/zb/berichte/FZKA7201.pdf.
Full text
34
Dougherty, Cynthia Marie. "Recovery following sudden cardiac death during hospitalization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7284.
Full text
35
Wirén, Kristina, and Alexander Johansson. "ACTUA! : Sudden gains i internetbehandling av depression." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71564.
Full textAbstract:
Fysisk aktivitet och beteendeaktivering har i tidigare forskning påvisats vara effektiv i behandling av depressionstillstånd. Syftet med ACTUA-studien var att utvärdera ett internetbaserat självhjälpsprogram med terapeutstöd via e-post. Totalt deltog 71 individer med egentlig depression som randomiserades till fyra olika behandlingsgrupper, två som ägnade sig åt fysisk aktivitet (FA), två som ägnade sig åt beteendeaktivering (BA) samt en väntelista. Behandlingsprogrammet bestod av åtta moduler som tilldelades deltagaren under en 12 veckor lång behandlingsperiod. Sudden gains, vilket är en företeelse som allmänt anses påverka det slutgiltiga behandlingsresultatet för en individ positivt, kunde påvisas i 47 (66%) deltagares behandlingsprocess. Något samband mellan förekomst av sudden gains och total förbättring under behandlingen kunde inte påvisas i denna studie och det fanns heller inget samband mellan förekomst av sudden gains och typ av behandling.Physical activity and behavioral activation has been shown in previous research to be effective in the treatment of depressive disorders. The purpose of ACTUA was to evaluate an Internet-based self-help program with therapist support via e-mail. A total of 71 individuals with major depressive disorder were randomized into four treatment groups, two of which contained physical activity (FA), two others comprised of behavioral activation (BA) and one waiting list. The treatment program consisted of eight modules and they were distributed to participants during a 12 week treatment period. Sudden gains, which is a phenomenon that is generally considered to influence the final outcome of treatment for an individual in a positive way was detected in 47 (66%) participants treatment process. A correlation between the occurrence of sudden gains and overall improvement during treatment could not be demonstrated in this study and there was no association between the occurrence of sudden gains and type of treatment.
36
Atmadani, O. "Bacterial toxins in sudden unexpected nocturnal deaths." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.641134.
Full textAbstract:
Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Deaths (SUND) occur in young immigrant workers, mainly from Southeast Asia employed in countries such as Singapore and Saudi Arabia. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry method were developed to screen body fluids and tissues for toxic shock syndrome (TSST-1) and staphylococcal enterotoxins A (SEA), B (SEB) and C (SEC). Both frozen and formalin fixed tissues were obtained from infants who died suddenly and unexpectedly in Scotland, France or Australia. The flow cytometry method detected toxin in both frozen and fixed tissues, but ELSIA was suitable only for frozen tissues or those fixed less than 12 months. TSST-1 and enterotoxins were identified in over half the specimens from infants. Of the 4 samples from SUND victims, one was borderline positive for TSST-1; however the bodies had been stored for extended period prior to autopsy. Human buffy coats were used to examine the effect of IgG to the toxins for neutralising activity and the effect of cortisol. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was detected by bioassay with L929 cells, interluekin-6 (IL-6) and interluekin-10 (IL-10) were measured by ELSIA. IL-6 and TNF-α elicited by the toxins were not reduced by night time level of cortisol (5-10 μg dl -1) levels. Day time levels of cortisol (10-20 μg dl -1) significantly inhibited IL-6 production but not TNF-α in responses. Stress levels of cortisol (40-80 μg dl -1) significantly reduced all three cytokines earlier than the normal day time levels. The methods developed for collection of tissue specimens, detection of toxins and quantitative IgG assays for antitoxins can be applied to investigation of SUND victims to test the hypothesis that some of these deaths are precipitated by pyrogenic staphylococcal toxins.
37
Kolikof, Joshua S. "Diagnostic drift in sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21196.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.INTRODUCTION: In the years that followed the 1994 Back to Sleep Campaign (BSC), a public health initiative designed to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), the prevalence of SIDS decreased by nearly 50%. However, recent research questions the decline in SIDS with an appreciation of contemporaneous factors which may have contributed to it. There is a growing recognition that other, often indiscernible causes of Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUID) have increased prevalence rates. Several researchers have addressed the possibility of the effects of a diagnostic drift. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of certain contemporaneous factors on the decline in the prevalence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. METHODS: We examined a historically significant time period surrounding the implementation of the BSC, 1984-2009. It is a time-period that incorporates mortality statistics prior to the BSC, as well as immediately following. We utilized 1984-2009 mortality data obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and evaluated the following prevalence rates: SIDS, unknown and unspecified causes, Accidental Strangulation and Suffocation in Bed (ASSB), and Neglect. We then amalgamated unknown and unspecified causes, ASSB and Neglect into a single representation of non-SIDS SUID. We then proceeded to perform an analysis on these prevalence rates to determine linear trends. RESULTS: All-cause mortality rate decreased linearly by about .929 per 100,000 per year (p<.0001, β=-.929). SIDS mortality rates also experienced a significant decline of about .951 per 100,000 deaths per year (p<.0001, β=-.951). In contrast, the SUID cohort prevalence increased significantly with a rate of .930 per 100,000 per year (p<.0001, β=.930). DISCUSSION: Over our study period, SIDS declined significantly, but by 2001 it experienced a stagnant decline that was different than that from 1984-2000. From 2001 to 2009, our SUID cohort increased dramatically. It is our conclusion that the potential exists for a possible diagnostic drift from SIDS to these other SUID.
2031-01-01
38
Ockels, Frances Seton. "Detection and Ecology of Sudden Oak Death." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1419351391.
Full text
39
Almadani, Osama M. "Bacterial toxins in sudden unexpected nocturnal death." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27001.
Full text
40
Pereira, Sónia Lopes. "Sudden sensorineural hearing loss : evaluation of co-morbidities and potential clinical associations." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10862.
Full textAbstract:
RESUMO: A surdez súbita (SS) caracteriza-se por uma perda abrupta de audição, mais frequentemente unilateral e associada a sensação de preenchimento aural, acufenos e vertigem. Afecta 5-20/100.000pessoas/ano (sobretudo adultos em fase activa na década de 40), com grande impacto na qualidade de vida. Possíveis causas incluem doenças infecciosas, circulatórias, traumáticas, imunológicas, neoplásicas, neurológicas, tóxicas e cocleares. No entanto, a causa da SS permanece desconhecida na maioria dos casos (80%), o que origina tratamentos controversos e frequentemente ineficientes. Os tratamentos disponíveis variam desde corticosteróides a antivirais, vasodilatadores, anti-agregantes, anticoagulantes, vitaminas e oxigénio hiperbárico (OHB).
Atendendo a falta de informação relativa à etiologia e fisiopatologia da SS, pretendemos avaliar a evolução clínica dos doentes com SS tratados com OHB no Centro de Medicina Subaquática e Hiperbárica (CMSH) de Lisboa entre 2000 e 2005, durante um período mínimo de 5 anos, na tentativa de identificar eventuais factores de risco ou noxas clínicas com a SS.
O estudo retrospectivo proposto baseia-se na revisão de processos clínicos do CMSH e na aplicação telefónica de questionários médicos de “follow-up” confidenciais – tanto a doentes (grupo de estudo), como aos respectivos esposos/companheiros/membros próximos da família (grupo de controlo) –, com particular ênfase nos antecedentes médicos e história clínica actual.
Um estudo preliminar de 20 pessoas (10 doentes e 10 controlos) foi efectuado para antecipar dificuldades e estimar as necessidades logísticas. As dificuldades identificadas foram: 1) selecção dos doentes com números de telefone válidos e processos clínicos completos (com audiograma inicial e final); 2) contacto telefónico com os participantes de ambos os grupos (de estudo e controlo); 3) recursos humanos requeridos.
Dado que a SS não é uma doença em si, mas um sintoma de uma doença subjacente, acreditamos que este estudo epidemiológico seja importante e útil, capaz de gerar novas luzes sobre a fisiopatologia e mecanismos desta entidade clínica.-------------ABSTRACT:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is characterized by abrupt, mostly unilateral loss of hearing, frequently associated to aural fullness, tinnitus and vertigo. It affects 5-20/100.000 people/year (particularly working adults in the 40ths), with huge impact on quality of life. Possible causes include infectious, circulatory, traumatic, immunologic, metabolic, neoplastic, neurologic, toxic and unidentified cochlear diseases. Nevertheless, SSHL’s etiology remains unknown in most cases (80%), giving rise to controversial (and frequently ineffective) treatments. Available therapies range from corticosteroids to antivirals, vasodilators, antiaggregants, anticoagulants, vitamins and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO).
Given the lack of data concerning SSHL’s etiology and physiopathology, we intend to evaluate clinical evolution of such patients treated with HBO in the Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Center (UHMC) at Lisbon from 2000 to 2005 during a minimum period of 5 years, in an attempt to identify eventual risk factors or clinical associations to SSHL.
The intended retrospective study is based on the review of patients’ medical charts from UHMC and confidential follow-up questionnaires applied telephonically both to patients (study group) and patients’ spouse/partner/close family member (control group), focusing past and present medical history.
A preliminary study of 20 subjects (10 of each group) was performed to anticipate difficulties and to estimate the required logistics. The identified difficulties were: 1) selection of subjects with valid phone numbers and complete medical charts (with initial and final audiograms); 2) telephonic contact with subjects from the study and control group; 3) human logistics required.
As it is believed that SSHL is not a disease by itself but rather a symptom of an underlying disease, we believe that this epidemiologic study is important and will hopefully generate sound scientific knowledge concerning physiopathology and mechanism of disease of SSHL.
41
Orum, Margo. "Moments of insight sudden change in ego development /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/29015.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Psychology, 2004.Bibliography: p. 478-485.
Overview of introductory chapters -- Loevinger's conception of ego development -- How might ego stage change happen? -- Theories of sudden change -- Summary of introductory theory -- Aims of the study -- Method -- Preliminary results -- Stages 1-2: analysis of themes in stories of moments of insight -- Stage 3: analysis of story themes by ego level -- Stage 4: examining stories for evidence of ego level change -- Looking for signs of ego level change in case studies -- Case study 1: Sarah -- Case study 2: Louise -- Case study 3: Kasandra -- Case study counter example: Philip -- Revisiting three theoretical tenets of ego development -- Discussion.
Moments of insight - dramatic shifts in perspective in how a person sees him or herself or the world - may provide us with glimpses of how accelerated change might happen in Loevinger's (1976) stages of ego development. Identifying moments of insight as potentially being structural phenomena, and the marrying of them into ego development theory is original to this thesis. -- Ego development proceeds in successive stages that Loevinger described as "self-paradigms", somewhat like Kuhn's (1962) view of paradigms. If this metaphor holds, then at least sometimes, people would be expected to experience sudden, revolutionary paradigm-style changes in their stage of ego development. However only one substantial theory exists as to how stage-changes happen, and that is a theory of gradual change (Kegan, 1979), which is likely the most common form of change. A theory of sudden, revolutionary, paradigm-style change, then, would seem to address a theoretical gap in the concept of how ego development proceeds. This thesis seeks to address that gap. -- A total of 80 participants were tested in regard to their ego development level and a range of secondary measures, and invited to tell stories of their moments of insight: 15 through the medium of interviews (3 of whom became "case studies" and a fourth, a "counter example"), while 65 wrote their stories in questionnaires. -- Analysis was conducted through theoretical argument, through qualitative analysis backed by evidence from story data, and by quantitative analysis of the common themes apparent in the moment of insight stories. Criteria were developed from the data for identifying prototypical examples of moment of insight stories, and criteria for judging ego level change in transcripts were Loevinger's (1976) empirically derived stage descriptions. -- It was shown that these prototypical experiences were those most readily linked with, and potentially indicative of the connection between moments of insight and ego level advancement. The counter example case study also powerfully revealed the conflict felt, even at a high ego level, when there is no "crystallisation of integration" afforded by a moment of insight experience. -- The evidence suggests that moments of insight may indeed be times of sudden ego development change.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xiii, 485 p
42
Fearn, R. M. "Fundamental flow phenomena in a sudden symmetric expansion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235187.
Full text
43
Davidson-Olsson, Isis Cherie. "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome : mothers' experiences of parenting." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10401.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The death of a child has been found to have long term consequences for both individual and family functioning. This is particularly true for bereaved siblings who have been found to be at increased risk of developing mental health difficulties in later life. Literature on parental bereavement proposes that the parenting phenomenon, such as replacement child syndrome, subsequent child syndrome and the parenting paradox, which can emerge after the death of a child, may account for this. However, there is very little research on these labels of observed parenting phenomenon and, as a result, any hypothesis offered remains under elaborated. In addition, limited evidence suggests that, due to the sudden, unexpected and unexplained nature of the loss, SIDS parents are more likely to experience a greater degree of distress and adjustment difficulties than other perinatally bereaved populations. Given this, it could be hypothesised that SIDS parents may be likely to experience these parenting phenomena. Despite this, however, SIDS remains a neglected area of research. Aims: As a consequence of this research gap, the study aims to explore mothers’ experiences of parenting in their transition from being a parent unaffected by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome to a parent affected by Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven mothers who had experienced an incident of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The interviews were then transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Five master themes emerged from the analysis: ‘Channelling the Parent Within’, a naturally developing and responsive parenting style that is facilitated by internal mechanisms, such as flexibility and confidence; ‘Parenting Outside of Yourself’, a parenting style that develops in the aftermath of a SIDS event, which is characterised by self doubt and a reliance on external mechanisms such as reassurance and restriction; ‘Restoration Through You’, the restorative effect of the subsequent and surviving children, which allows vindication and re-establishes happiness; ‘The Bitter Restoration’, a restoration that encompasses internal knowledge and external evidence of loss, including a disrupted family composition and a continued awareness of existential threat; ‘A Disruptive Appreciation’, the development of a greater appreciation for the subsequent and surviving children that impacts discipline and incorporates indulgence. These, along with the subthemes contributing to them, are presented as a narrative account. Conclusion: The results imply that mothers who have experienced a SIDS event shift into a permissive and anxious style of parenting which is characterised by safety behaviours. A model of parenting in the aftermath of SIDS has been proposed in order to explain the underlying cognitions and processes which drive this behaviour and the factors which serve to maintain it. By doing this it is hoped that, when working with bereaved parents and siblings, clinicians will be better positioned to frame parenting practices and intervene at a cognitive level.
44
屈大成 and Tai-shing Wut. "The sudden-gradual distinction in Chinese Buddhist thought." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239493.
Full text
45
Matthewman, N. J. "A vortex dynamics perspective on stratospheric sudden warmings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18711/.
Full textAbstract:
A vortex dynamics approach is used to study the underlying mechanisms leading to polar vortex breakdown during stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs). Observational data are used in chapter 2 to construct climatologies of the Arctic polar vortex structure during vortex-splitting and vortex-displacement SSWs occurring between 1958 and 2002. During vortex-splitting SSWs, polar vortex breakdown is shown to be typically independent of height (barotropic), whereas breakdown during vortex-displacement SSWs is shown to be strongly height dependent (baroclinic). In the remainder of the thesis (chapters 3-7), a hierarchy of models approach is used to investigate a possible resonant excitation mechanism which is responsible for the vortex breakdown seen in our observational study. A single layer topographically forced vortex model is shown to exhibit vortex-splitting behaviour similar to that observed during SSWs. Two analytical reductions, the first a fully nonlinear analytical model of an elliptical vortex in strain and rotation velocity fields, the second a weakly nonlinear asymptotic theory applied to a topographically forced vortex, show that vortex-splitting in the model occurs due to a self-tuning resonance of the vortex with the underlying topography. Resonant excitation of an idealized polar vortex by topographic forcing is then investigated in a three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic model, with emphasis on the vertical structure of the vortex during breakdown. It is shown that vortex breakdown similar to that observed during displacement SSWs occurs due to a linear resonance of a baroclinic mode of the vortex, whereas breakdown similar to that observed during splitting SSWs occurs due to a resonance of the barotropic mode. The role of self-tuning in these resonant behaviours is then discussed in relation to the analytic reductions of the single layer model.
46
Howat, William James. "The pulmonary immunopathology of sudden infant death syndrome." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241962.
Full text
47
Domeisen, Daniela I. V. (Daniela Iris Vera). "Stratosphere - troposphere interaction during stratospheric sudden warming events." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78368.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-192).
The stratosphere and the troposphere exhibit a strong coupling during the winter months. However, the coupling mechanisms between the respective vertical layers are not fully understood. An idealized spectral core dynamical model is utilized in the present study in order to clarify the coupling timing, location and mechanisms. Since the coupling between the winter stratosphere and troposphere is strongly intensified during times of strong stratospheric variability such as stratospheric warmings, these events are simulated in the described model for the study of stratosphere - troposphere coupling, while for comparison the coupling is also assessed for weaker stratospheric variability. While the upward coupling by planetary-scale Rossby waves in the Northern Hemisphere is well understood, the Southern Hemisphere exhibits traveling wave patterns with a weaker impact on the stratospheric ow. However the tropospheric generation mechanism of these waves is not well understood and is investigated in this study. It is found that in the model atmosphere without a zonally asymmetric wave forcing, traveling waves are unable to induce a significant wave ux into the stratosphere. In the absence of synoptic eddy activity, however, the tropospheric ow is baroclinically unstable to planetary-scale waves, and the generated planetary waves are able to propagate into the stratosphere and induce sudden warmings comparable in frequency and strength to the Northern Hemisphere. While baroclinic instability of long waves may be further strengthened by the addition of moisture, the real atmosphere also exhibits strong synoptic eddy activity, and it will have to be further explored if the atmosphere exhibits periods where synoptic eddies are weak enough to allow for baroclinic instability of long waves. In order to further investigate the coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere, cases of strong coupling are investigated in the analysis of a Northern Hemisphere - like winter atmosphere. A realistic frequency and strength of sudden warmings is obtained using a zonal wave-2 topographic forcing. An angular momentum budget analysis yields that the Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux is closely balanced by the residual circulation dominated by the Coriolis term on a daily basis, while the change in zonal wind is a small residual between these dominant terms. In the stratosphere, the EP flux term and the Coriolis term balance well in time but not exactly in magnitude, yielding a polar stratospheric weakening of the zonal mean wind as observed during stratospheric warmings. In the troposphere, the loss of angular momentum before a sudden warming induces a weak negative annular mode response, which is amplified by the downward propagating signal about three weeks after the sudden warming. The angular momentum budget does not reveal the mechanism of downward influence, but it nevertheless clarifies the momentum balance of the stratosphere - troposphere system, indicating that the effects of the waves and the residual circulation have to be considered at the same time. Since the annular mode response cannot be directly investigated using the angular momentum budget, the annular mode coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere is further investigated using a statistical approach. The annular mode response is often framed in terms of Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOFs), but it is here found that for the stratosphere - troposphere system with its strong vertical pressure gradient, EOFs are strongly dependent on the weighting of the data, while Principal Oscillation Patterns (POPs) are considerably less sensitive to an applied weighting while returning the dominant structures of variability. This encourages further research and application of POP modes for the use of stratosphere - troposphere coupling. These findings represent an improvement of the understanding of stratosphere - troposphere coupling and the results are another step in the direction of finding the mechanism of stratosphere - troposphere coupling and the downward influence after the occurrence of a stratospheric sudden warming, which may influence long-term weather prediction in the troposphere.
by Daniela I. V. Domeisen.
Ph.D.
48
Flynn, Deirdre. "Experiences of sudden student death : a narrative inquiry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650105.
Full textAbstract:
The death of a college student is a traumatic experience for families, fellow students and college staff. This study is a narrative inquiry into the experiences of parents, students and academic staff following the unexpected death of undergraduate students and particularly their experiences of the College response. Many universities in the US, UK and Ireland have Death Response Plans (DRPs) which shape their response, but little research has been done on the impact of these, and none in an Irish context. The study seeks to address this shortcoming and to contribute to the ongoing discussion as to how universities may help newly bereaved parents, students and staff. It is undertaken in a university in Ireland where the researcher works. The methodology includes interviews, transcriptions and the construction of poetic stanzas, reporting the experiences of 20 participants. The analysis combines elements from both thematic and structural analysis as outlined by Riessman (2008b). It also focuses on context, discourses and performativity. A social constructionist approach (Burr, 1995) is adopted. The College DRP is reviewed in the light of participants' experiences and recommendations are made about future developments.
49
Alisic, Rijad. "Privacy of Sudden Events in Cyber-Physical Systems." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299845.
Full textAbstract:
Cyberattacks against critical infrastructures has been a growing problem for the past couple of years. These infrastructures are a particularly desirable target for adversaries, due to their vital importance in society. For instance, a stop in the operation of a critical infrastructure could result in a crippling effect on a nation's economy, security or public health. The reason behind this increase is that critical infrastructures have become more complex, often being integrated with a large network of various cyber components. It is through these cyber components that an adversary is able to access the system and conduct their attacks. In this thesis, we consider methods which can be used as a first line of defence against such attacks for Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Specifically, we start by studying how information leaks about a system's dynamics helps an adversary to generate attacks that are difficult to detect. In many cases, such attacks can be detrimental to a CPS since they can drive the system to a breaking point without being detected by the operator that is tasked to secure the system. We show that an adversary can use small amounts of data procured from information leaks to generate these undetectable attacks. In particular, we provide the minimal amount of information that is needed in order to keep the attack hidden even if the operator tries to probe the system for attacks. We design defence mechanisms against such information leaks using the Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins lower bound. With it, we study how information leakage could be mitigated through corruption of the data by injection of measurement noise. Specifically, we investigate how information about structured input sequences, which we call events, can be obtained through the output of a dynamical system and how this leakage depends on the system dynamics. For example, it is shown that a system with fast dynamical modes tends to disclose more information about an event compared to a system with slower modes. However, a slower system leaks information over a longer time horizon, which means that an adversary who starts to collect information long after the event has occured might still be able to estimate it. Additionally, we show how sensor placements can affect the information leak. These results are then used to aid the operator to detect privacy vulnerabilities in the design of a CPS. Based on the Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins lower bound, we provide additional defensive mechanisms that can be deployed by an operator online to minimize information leakage. For instance, we propose a method to modify the structured inputs in order to maximize the usage of the existing noise in the system. This mechanism allows us to explicitly deal with the privacy-utility trade-off, which is of interest when optimal control problems are considered. Finally, we show how the adversary's certainty of the event increases as a function of the number of samples they collect. For instance, we provide sufficient conditions for when their estimation variance starts to converge to its final value. This information can be used by an operator to estimate when possible attacks from an adversary could occur, and change the CPS before that, rendering the adversary's collected information useless.De senaste åren har cyberanfall mot kritiska infrastructurer varit ett växande problem. Dessa infrastrukturer är särskilt utsatta för cyberanfall, eftersom de uppfyller en nödvändig function för att ett samhälle ska fungera. Detta gör dem till önskvärda mål för en anfallare. Om en kritisk infrastruktur stoppas från att uppfylla sin funktion, då kan det medföra förödande konsekvenser för exempelvis en nations ekonomi, säkerhet eller folkhälsa. Anledningen till att mängden av attacker har ökat beror på att kritiska infrastrukturer har blivit alltmer komplexa eftersom de numera ingår i stora nätverk dör olika typer av cyberkomponenter ingår. Det är just genom dessa cyberkomponenter som en anfallare kan få tillgång till systemet och iscensätta cyberanfall. I denna avhandling utvecklar vi metoder som kan användas som en första försvarslinje mot cyberanfall på cyberfysiska system (CPS). Vi med att undersöka hur informationsläckor om systemdynamiken kan hjälpa en anfallare att skapa svårupptäckta attacker. Oftast är sådana attacker förödande för CPS, eftersom en anfallare kan tvinga systemet till en bristningsgräns utan att bli upptäcka av operatör vars uppgift är att säkerställa systemets fortsatta funktion. Vi bevisar att en anfallare kan använda relativt små mängder av data för att generera dessa svårupptäckta attacker. Mer specifikt så härleder ett uttryck för den minsta mängd information som krävs för att ett anfall ska vara svårupptäckt, även för fall då en operatör tar till sig metoder för att undersöka om systemet är under attack. I avhandlingen konstruerar vi försvarsmetoder mot informationsläcker genom Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins olikhet. Med denna olikhet kan vi studera hur informationsläckan kan dämpas genom att injicera brus i datan. Specifikt så undersöker vi hur mycket information om strukturerade insignaler, vilket vi kallar för händelser, till ett dynamiskt system som en anfallare kan extrahera utifrån dess utsignaler. Dessutom kollar vi på hur denna informationsmängd beror på systemdynamiken. Exempelvis så visar vi att ett system med snabb dynamik läcker mer information jämfört med ett långsammare system. Däremot smetas informationen ut över ett längre tidsintervall för långsammare system, vilket leder till att anfallare som börjar tjuvlyssna på ett system långt efter att händelsen har skett kan fortfarande uppskatta den. Dessutom så visar vi jur sensorplaceringen i ett CPS påverkar infromationsläckan. Dessa reultat kan användas för att bistå en operatör att analysera sekretessen i ett CPS. Vi använder även Hammersley-Chapman-Robbins olikhet för att utveckla försvarslösningar mot informationsläckor som kan användas \textit{online}. Vi föreslår modifieringar till den strukturella insignalen så att systemets befintliga brus utnyttjas bättre för att gömma händelsen. Om operatören har andra mål den försöker uppfylla med styrningen så kan denna metod användas för att styra avvängingen mellan sekretess och operatorns andra mål. Slutligen så visar vi hur en anfallares uppskattning av händelsen förbättras som en funktion av mängden data får tag på. Operatorn kan använda informationen för att ta reda på när anfallaren kan tänka sig vara redo att anfalla systemet, och därefter ändra systemet innan detta sker, vilket gör att anfallarens information inte längre är användbar.
QC 20210820
50
McClelland, Elizabeth A. "Heat and mass transfer in an axisymmetric sudden expansion." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16462.
Full text