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Journal articles on the topic 'Suffering and free will'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Beale, Nicholas. "FREEWILL, FREE PROCESS, AND LOVE." Think 8, no. 23 (2009): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175609990078.

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Of all the philosophical challenges to theism in general and Christianity in particular, the one that Christians take most seriously is the Problem of Evil. It is clearly not logically contradictory to hold that there exists a Loving Ultimate Creator; and nevertheless there is a very substantial amount of evil and suffering in the world. But it is certainly problematic. Deeper scientific understandings of physics and evolution shed some light on this. It is also useful to reflect more deeply on the relationships between love, suffering and creativity.

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Ming, David. "The Relation of Human Suffering in God's Grace." Journal KERUGMA 2, no. 2 (October 9, 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33856/kerugma.v2i2.133.

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Suffering is a legacy of the existence of the world of souls [humans] living on earth. Suffering is not imagination, not some nightmare, on the contrary is real, actual, but not academic. Suffering comes when humans are born. Humans cannot escape suffering. Suffering comes from various angles of life. Suffering comes from a broken relationship with God. Starting from the failure of Adam and Eve's relationship with God, humans began to feel suffering. Humans cannot resist the suffering they experience. The purpose of this study is to determine the cause of human suffering and its consequences, and how to overcome suffering. The author uses a descriptive method of literature and research results as follows: first, mercy is the perfect character of the deity of God. God's mercy from eternal to eternal until humans are afraid of God. Kindness is the essence of the quality of divinity, but God shows mercy on an ongoing basis through His sovereign will. Second, the source of God's mercy. The source of God's mercy is God's goodness and love expressed mysteriously. God's mercy is stated to guide someone to live righteously. People who receive God's mercy are living in godly living conditions and they need God's protection or care. Third, God's mercy cannot be stopped by humans. Instead humans can be made to not understand by God. God is free to act surprisingly, correcting human deviation. God is free to allow the test of Satan and not to tell anyone about it that was tested. God is also free to regulate

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3

Murphy, Frank J. "The Problem of Evil and a Plausible Defence." Religious Studies 31, no. 2 (June 1995): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500023532.

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This paper argues that God may create and exist in any possible world, no matter how much suffering of any sort that world includes. It combines the traditional free will defence with the notion of an ‘occasion’ for good or evil action and limits God's responsibility to the creation of these occasions. Since no possible world contains occasions for more evil than good action, God is morally permitted to create any possible world. With regard to suffering that is not due to free will, namely the suffering of beings who are not moral agents, the paper questions the idea that the relief of such suffering is a moral perfection.

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Mozumder, Subrata Chandra. "Marital Suffering in Sylvia Plath’s Poetry: A Feminist Reading." American, British and Canadian Studies 34, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2020-0008.

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AbstractThis article discusses marital suffering, as portrayed by Sylvia Plath from a feminist viewpoint, and claims that her delineation of marital afflictions is a tool of protest against patriarchal oppression. In a convention-ridden patriarchal society, a woman usually cannot express her voice and remains suffocated by her personal agony and ache. However, Plath tries to break the conventions in her poetry, by representing the unjust institution of patriarchal marriage, which treats women as commodities. Many critics have noted that Plath’s marital sufferings are responsible for her suicidal death, which is a means of protest against, and resistance to, patriarchy. Since her poetry represents both her psycho-social suffering and her fight against the margins set by patriarchal society, one may consider her poetry to be a weapon of setting her “self,” as well as other women’s, free from male-dominated psychological imprisonment. The article explores how Plath’s poetic persona emerges as the Phoenix, the libertarian spirit, by deliberately exposing her marital sufferings, psycho-sexual torture, husband’s infidelity, and the ultimate death resulting from conjugal unhappiness, which is interpreted as a protest against all kinds of patriarchal discriminations.

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FORREST, LUCY R. "Suffering as a State-of-Mind." Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 6 (July 31, 2015): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v6i0.62.

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This theoretical paper is an attempt at exploring and understanding the convoluted concept of “suffering” according to the Indian philosophy, including Buddha, Patanjali, Sivananda, the Gita & Jainism. However, the three predominant schools of thought on suffering discussed in detail in the paper are Buddhism, Samkhya and Yoga, along with the concepts of dukha, purusha and prakriti, and the five afflictions mentioned in Patanjali’s Yoga sutras. Drawing from these theories of suffering the author has generated a concept map to facilitate one’s understanding about suffering, and finally, a pertinent conclusion has been drawn describing suffering as a state of mind that is free from the attachment of the transient and is just a fleeting thought of the human mind.

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Vroman, Brian. "THE PROBLEM OF EVIL AND THE POVERTY OF THE FREE WILL THEODICY." Think 8, no. 22 (2009): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175609000098.

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The Problem of Evil, as it is typically called, is the strongest argument against the existence of a Deity who is at once all-powerful, all-knowing, kind and loving, and whose reach extends everywhere. Simply stated, the existence of such a being is incompatible with the existence of evil and suffering in the world. We know that evil and suffering exist; thus a Deity such as that described above cannot exist.

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7

Macallan, Brian C. "Getting off the Omnibus: Rejecting Free Will and Soul-Making Responses to the Problem of Evil." Open Theology 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe nature of suffering and the problem of evil have been perennial issues for many of the world’s religious traditions. Each in their own way has sought to address this problem, whether driven by the all too present reality of suffering or from philosophical and religious curiosities. The Christian tradition has offered numerous and diverse responses to the problem of evil. The free-will response to the problem of evil, with its roots in Augustine, has dominated the landscape in its attempt to justify evil and suffering as a result of the greater good of having free will. John Hick offers a ‘soul-making’ response to the problem of evil as an alternative to the free will response. Neither is effective in dealing with two key issues that underpin both responses – omnipotence and omniscience. In what follows I will contrast a process theological response to the problem of evil and suffering, and how it is better placed in dealing with both omnipotence and omniscience. By refashioning God as neither all-knowing nor all-powerful, process theodicy moves beyond the dead ends of both the free will and soul-making theodicy. Indeed, a process theodicy enables us to dismount the omnibus in search of a more holistic, and realistic, alternative to dealing with the problem of evil and suffering.

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8

Schoenig, Richard. "The free will theodicy." Religious Studies 34, no. 4 (December 1998): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412598004582.

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The Free Will Theodicy (FWT) attempts to defeat the Argument from Evil by claiming that the suffering of the innocent (SOI) is justified by the existence of free will (FW). I argue against the FWT by demonstrating that there are at least three logically possible worlds, one without FW and two with it, such that, if given a choice, all conscious beings would act rationally in choosing to live in any of those three worlds rather than in the current world. This choice outcome undermines the FWT's contention that FW adequately justifies the quantity and severity of the SOI in this world.

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PERSZYK, KENNETH J. "Stump's theodicy of redemptive suffering and Molinism." Religious Studies 35, no. 2 (June 1999): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412599004795.

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Eleonore Stump develops and defends a theodicy of redemptive suffering. In particular, God's permission of suffering (at least some classes, if not instances, of serious undeserved, involuntary suffering due to natural or free causes) is justified just in case it benefits those who suffer, it is the best possible means in the circumstances for their benefit, and God knows this is the case. The main aim of this paper is to show that for Stump's theodicy to have a good chance of working, it is reasonable to think that it requires the Molinist claim that God has middle knowledge.

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Brodzki, Adam, Piotr Brodzki, Maria Szpetnar, and Marcin R. Tatara. "Serum Concentration of Free Amino Acids in Dogs Suffering From Perianal Tumours." Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bvip-2013-0009.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine serum free amino acid concentration in male dogs suffering from benign and malignant perianal tumours. Serum concentrations of cysteic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, glycine, γ-aminobutyric acid, tryptophan, methionine, arginine, taurine, threonine, tyrosine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine were significantly changed in dogs suffering from benign and/or malignant tumours when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Serum concentration of serine, phenylalanine, lysine and histidine was not influenced in dogs with neoplastic disease (P>0.05). The evaluation of serum free amino acid concentration, has shown that threonine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and glycine have the highest diagnostic and prognostic value in dogs suffering from benign and malignant perianal tumours. Highly diagnostic and prognostic value in relation to benign tumour growth was also found while evaluating branched chain and acidic groups of amino acids. Serine, phenylalanine, lysine, and histidine, as well as alkaline amino acids were proved not to have diagnostic and prognostic value in dogs with the tumours. Thus, the evaluation of free amino acid concentration may serve diagnostic purposes and help in tumour malignancy differentiation. The elaborated experimental model may be used in further studies on neoplastic disease development and monitoring of applied treatment efficiency.

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Gandhi, Rakesh, Mahesh Suthar, Rajkumar Rajkumar, and Prashant Mangla. "Proportion of Sexual Dysfunction among Drug Free Patients Suffering from Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 8, no. 33 (August 26, 2019): 2639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2019/574.

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12

Shanmugasundaram, Kalathinkal R., Sumathy S. Kumar, and Sarala Rajajee. "Excessive free radical generation in the blood of children suffering from asthma." Clinica Chimica Acta 305, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00425-3.

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13

Donahue, Amy K. "Suffering Free Markets: A “Classical” Buddhist Critique of Capitalist Conceptions of “Value”." Philosophy East and West 64, no. 4 (2014): 866–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2014.0081.

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14

Swaminathan, Pillai Rajammal, and Dr K. Thiyagarajan. "Existentialism- The Struggle Remains in Mulk Raj Anand’s Major Novels." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10098.

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Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes individual existence, freedom and choice. It is centered upon the analysis of existence and of the way humans find themselves existing in the world. The perception is that, humans exist first and then each individual spends a lifetime changing their essence or nature. Existentialism is a philosophy concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Existentialism is a quest for authentic existence. Jean-Paul Sartre says, ‘Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Such is the first principle of existentialism.’ Man’s sufferings and humiliations comes under the aspect of existentialism, which is found in the novels of Anand. Anand is a humanist and his humanism manifests itself in a realistic representation of the inhumanity of the situation of the oppressed masses, suffering, various types of disability, discrimination and alienation. Existentialism is an aspect of humanism and Anand has portrayed it through human beings pathetic sufferings and miseries. Anand’s humanism dwells into the survival of human love through existentialism. The humanism of Anand showcases the concerns of existentialism, exposing the reality of life and its tragic condition of suffering and misery. The pathetic condition of suffering and misery is existential since it has the elements of chance, absurdity and nothingness in them. Their alienated conditions are shaped by fear and loneliness. Though Anand denies of being an existentialist, his most of the works reveal existential ideologies of Sartre and Heidegger.

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Totaro, R., C. Marini, G. De Matteis, M. Di Napoil, and A. Carolei. "Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Migraine During Headache-Free Intervals." Cephalalgia 17, no. 3 (May 1997): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1997.1703191.x.

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Alterations of intracranial vessel tone have been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. The cerebrovascular reactivity was measured by means of transcranial Doppler in 60 migraine patients with ( n = 30) or without aura ( n = 30) during the headache-free interval and in 30 healthy controls. The vasomotor response was evaluated during hypercapnia induced by inhalation of a mixture of CO2 5% and O2 95% and during hypocapnia obtained after voluntary hyperventilation. To improve the power of the study in detecting possible abnormalities of cerebrovascular reactivity, two different measures were performed at 1 week intervals in migraine patients and controls. Reactivity index values during CO2 inhalation were significantly different ( p=0.01) among the three groups during the first and second measurements; in particular, lower values were found in patients suffering from migraine without aura with respect to controls ( p<0.05, Scheffe's test). Values of reactivity index obtained following induction of hypocapnia did not differ between migraine patients and controls (all p values >0.05). Our data suggest a reduced vasodilatory response to hypercapnia of cerebral arterioles in patients suffering from migraine without aura with respect to controls that might be related to baseline arteriolar vasodilation.

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Gromov, V. E. "FROM ETHICS OF JUSTICE AND SUFFERING TO ETHICS OF FREE AND UNCONDITIONED PERSONALITY." Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research, no. 6 (December 25, 2014): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/ampr2014/35663.

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Tatjana Višak. "Preventing the Suffering of Free-Living Animals: Should Animal Advocates Begin the Killing?" Journal of Animal Ethics 7, no. 1 (2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/janimalethics.7.1.0078.

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18

Moritz, Joshua M. "ANIMAL SUFFERING, EVOLUTION, AND THE ORIGINS OF EVIL: TOWARD A “FREE CREATURES” DEFENSE." Zygon® 49, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 348–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zygo.12085.

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19

Wielenberg, Erik J. "In Defence of C.S. Lewis' Soul-Making Theodicy: A Reply to Wolterstorff." Journal of Inklings Studies 9, no. 2 (October 2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ink.2019.0048.

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In The Problem of Pain, C.S. Lewis offers a multi-pronged Christian explanation for the suffering in the world. Lewis first develops a free will theodicy, according to which much of the suffering in our world is a by-product of human free will. To account for the remaining suffering (caused by, for instance, disease and natural disasters), Lewis develops a version of the soul-making theodicy, according to which some of the suffering in the world is permitted by God as part of a divine project of improving the moral character of human beings. Nicholas Wolterstorff has recently raised some interesting challenges for Lewis's soul-making theodicy. In this essay I respond to Wolterstorff's critique by drawing not only on Lewis's broader corpus beyond The Problem of Pain but also, to a lesser extent, on the thought of two other contemporary proponents of the soul-making theodicy, John Hick and Trent Dougherty. My main goal is to make the case that Lewis's version of the soul-making theodicy has more depth and resilience than Wolterstorff's critique suggests.

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Namhindo, Eben-Eser Ndaamenwa, Fanghua Mei, Rui Cao, Shenghai Lai, Yufan Dai, Hong Lai, Meng Zhu, Huimin Fu, Huang Huang, and Jun Wang. "PrEP: AIDS-Free Hope in Namibia?" International Journal of Biology 10, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v10n1p13.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes infections and over time leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV causes a loss of immune function in human and subsequent development of opportunistic infections. Namibia, one important country in West Africa, has been suffering HIV/AIDS incidence over years. Among people between 15 to 49 years old, the national HIV prevalence rate is more than 10%, which causes huge health and economic loss. Recently, Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been approved in Namibia for better prevention of HIV/AIDS. In this paper, we will review the current epidemic condition of HIV and the role played by PrEP in Namibia.

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Gautam, Monica, and Beenu Tanwar. "Development of Nankhatai - A Nutrient Rich Gluten Free Food." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2019.56.3.21165.

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<p>The present study attempted to develop a nutrient rich, low cost gluten free snacknankhatai - a baked traditional authentic sweet, for patients suffering from gluten sensitivity and celiac disease, using finger millets and legume flours in different proportions to the standard recipe in order to provide a healthy alternative to the health conscious individuals and celiac patients. These grains were selected for their balanced nutritional profile and being gluten free, as a lifelong adherence to gluten free diet is the only available treatment for celiac patients. Nankhatai were prepared by incorporating Ragi (finger millet) and Besan (chickpea flour) in different proportions. Three sample products were prepared from the flour blends: Chickpea (Besan) flour (BF) and Ragi flour (RF) by mixing them in the percentage proportions: 100:00, 90:10 and 75:25 (BF:RF, BF:RF, BF:RF). The nankhatais so formulated were evaluated for their nutrient content viz. moisture, ash, fibre, carbohydrates, fat, protein, calcium and iron. Sensory analysis, on a 9- point hedonic scale was also performed to assess their acceptability. The nutritional evaluation showed significant difference in nutrient content, an increase in nutritive value was observed with increase in proportion of chickpea flour. The result of the sensory evaluation revealed that sample “AA”(BF:RF=100:00) was most acceptable with a score of 7.37, closely followed by sample “AB” (BF:RF=90:10) with a score of 7.27 while “AC” (BF:RF=75:25) was least acceptable with a score of 6.61 and it is also a cost effective product. Nankhatais showed high protein content 4.08%, also their calcium and iron content were significantly high at 8.13% and 4%, respectively. Nutrient and sensory analysis reveal that the baked product can be introduced as a healthy snack for celiac patients as well as for weight watchers and individuals suffering from diabetes.This value added product had high protein and mineral content, especially, calcium and iron content were significant. This health promoting functional food product serves as an ideal snack for celiac patients, ensuring well being of people suffering from gluten intolerance.</p>

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Mazzone, Luigi, Valentina Postorino, Laura Reale, Manuela Guarnera, Valeria Mannino, Marco Armando, Laura Fatta, Lavinia De Peppo, and Stefano Vicari. "Self-Esteem Evaluation in Children and Adolescents Suffering from ADHD." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 9, no. 1 (July 11, 2013): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901309010096.

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Background: Several recent studies investigated the relationship between self-esteem and ADHD, however, the results are still controversial. In the present study we analyze the characteristics of self-esteem in a sample of children and adolescents suffering from ADHD, with a particular focus on the relationship between ADHD symptoms severity and treatment strategies. Methods: A total of 85 patients with ADHD (44 drug-free and 41 drug-treated, 23 of which atomoxetine-treated and 18 Methylphenidate-treated) and 26 healthy controls were enrolled in the study in order to evaluate self-esteem using the Self-esteem Multidimensional Test (TMA). Results: ADHD subjects revealed lower scores on all self-esteem domains compared to controls. Both ADHD drug-free (47.1%) and ADHD drug-treated (44.1%) groups showed significantly higher rates of subjects in the pathological range as compared to normal control group (8.8%) (p <.001) with a higher percentage of subjects in the pathological range. Among ADHD drug-treated subjects, the methylphenidate group showed higher self-esteem scores as compared to the atomoxetine group. Conclusion: A lower self-esteem profile is more common in subjects suffering from ADHD than in healthy controls, suggesting the importance of an early detection of psychological well-being in these children in order to reduce the ADHD symptoms long-term impacts.

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Jin, Z. M., Hironori Kato, and Kensuke Kageyama. "Acoustic Image Analysis of Joining Interface of Lead Free Solder Joints Suffering fatigue Damage." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2004 (2004): 543–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2004.0_543.

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McGann, Jerome. "Suffering, Sacred, or Free: Romantic Revolutions of the Word, with Special Reference to Byron." Studies in Romanticism 60, no. 2 (2021): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/srm.2021.0017.

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Dinn, Robert. "‘Monuments Answerable to Mens Worth’: Burial Patterns, Social Status and Gender in Late Medieval Bury St Edmunds." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 46, no. 2 (April 1995): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900011350.

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In the Middle Ages it was believed that the souls of those who died in a state of mortal sin were consigned to hell immediately after death, those that were free from sin went straight to heaven, while those guilty of venial sins, the majority, entered purgatory, a state in which sin was cleansed through suffering. Bodily death for most of the faithful was, therefore, seen as initiating a period of transition between life on earth and eternal bliss in heaven. The emphasis on the soul during this period of transition, and the complex variety of prayers for reducing the soul's sufferings in purgatory, have been extensively explored by historians.

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Suharjono, Suharjono, Sunoto Sunoto, Aswitha Boediarso, Hentyanto Hendardji, and Soegiharto Soegiharto. "Refeeding with Free Lactose Milk ( A1 - 110 Nestle) in Children Suffering from Gastroenteritis and Dehydration." Paediatrica Indonesiana 15, no. 7-8 (May 29, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi15.7-8.1975.191-7.

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Forty one infants suffering from diarrhoea hospitalized in the Department of Child Health, Medical School, University of lndonesia/Dr. Tjipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, from August 15, 1973 to January 15, 1974 were refed with "free lactose milk".The result is as follows :1. From the point of view of increase of body weight:27 (65.8 %) out of 41 cases were excellent.2 ( 4.9 %) out of 41 cases were good.12 (29.3 %) out of 41 cases were poor.2. From the point of view of stopping the diarrhoea :25 (60.9 %) out of 41 cases were excellent.10 (24.5 %) out of 41 was good.6 (14.6 %) out of 41 cases were poor.

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Lucarelli, S., T. Frediani, G. Lastrucci, G. Viscido, T. Federici, A. Spalice, D. Rossetti, and S. Cucchiara. "CO25 EFFICACY OF THE COW MILK PROTEINS FREE DIET IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM ROLANDIC EPILEPSY." Digestive and Liver Disease 44 (October 2012): S252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(12)60653-7.

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Hasker, William. "Why is there so much evil?" Review & Expositor 111, no. 3 (August 2014): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637314534626.

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The problem of evil is one that perplexes both believers and non-believers. The best approach to the problem is to see evil and suffering as the outcome of general policies God has adopted in creating and governing the world—policies which on the whole are good and beneficial, but which in specific cases lead to suffering for humans and other sentient creatures. Chief among these policies are the policy of allowing human beings to exercise free will in choosing between good and evil, and the policy of creating and sustaining a world of nature that operates according to its inherent laws, with divine interventions into the natural order comparatively infrequent. This approach benefits persons suffering from various evils by releasing them from an often fruitless search for “God’s reasons” for the evil in question, and enabling them to focus on the grace and strength given by Christ to live courageously in spite of their suffering.

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Kindzerskaya, Marina Alexandrovna, Tatyana Ivanovna Marmazova, Stanislav Alexandrovich Ruzanov, Pyotr Alekseevich Kostin, and Ilona Vladislavovna Tarasova. "The road to happiness is the way to suffering." SHS Web of Conferences 122 (2021): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112204007.

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The article deals with the problem of a person’s conscious choice between happiness and suffering. At first glance, happiness and suffering are two different paths, and one should choose which road to take. On the one hand, suffering is an obstacle on the way to oneself, to a happy existence. On the other hand, one chooses suffering and happiness willingly, happiness is proportionate to suffering. One should not forget that existence has no meaning if it brings merely pain and dissatisfaction, so it is very important to strive to be happy. Throughout the entire history of humanity, the problem of happiness and the search for the best way to be released from suffering is a pressing issue. The relevance of the problem is determined by the particular significance of the concepts under study, because every person’s natural desire, regardless of the era and area of residence, is to be happy and free. The concepts of “happiness” and “suffering” are not only philosophical but also sociocultural phenomena that expound the axiological and spiritual and moral aspects of human existence. The study features quotes from thinkers of different ages and cultures that to an extent engaged in interpreting the content of the phenomena of happiness and suffering. The purpose of the study is to expound the sociocultural content of the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering”, their causes, and the conditions for coexistence. The main methods of the study are the method of systemic analysis, the comparative method, and the typological method. The novelty of the study consists in the fact that the authors examine the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering” together for the first time. Although the phenomena are an integral part of human activity.

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Krueger, Konstanze, Laureen Esch, Kate Farmer, and Isabell Marr. "Basic Needs in Horses?—A Literature Review." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061798.

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Every animal species has particular environmental requirements that are essential for its welfare, and when these so-called “basic needs” are not fulfilled, the animals suffer. The basic needs of horses have been claimed to be social contact, social companionship, free movement and access to roughage. To assess whether horses suffer when one or more of the four proposed basic needs are restricted, we examined several studies (n = 38) that reported behavioural and physiological reactions to these restrictions. We assigned the studies according to the four types of responses investigated: (a) Stress, (b) Active, (c) Passive, and (d) Abnormal Behaviour. Furthermore, the number of studies indicating that horses reacted to the restrictions were compared with the number of studies reporting no reaction. The limited number of studies available on single management restrictions did not allow conclusions to be drawn on the effect of each restriction separately, especially in the case of social companionship. However, when combinations of social contact, free movement and access to roughage were restricted, many of the horses had developed responses consistent with suffering. Passive Responses, indicating acute suffering, and Abnormal Behaviour, indicating suffering currently or at some time in the past, were especially clearly demonstrated. This provides further evidence of the usefulness of assessing behavioural parameters in combination with physiological measurements when evaluating horse welfare. This meta-analysis of the literature confirms that it is justified to claim that social contact, free movement and access to roughage are basic needs in horses.

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Meyer, S. J., M. Slabber, P. HJJ Van Rensburg, and M. Nel. "Use of the Judicial Section 9 Certification in the Free State." South African Journal of Psychiatry 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v10i4.122.

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A direct referral system for referring persons who perpetrate a crime while suffering from a mental illness has evolved between the office of the Director of Public Prosecution (DPP) in the Free State, and the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) over the years. The efficiency and impact of this direct referral system have never been quantified. This study found that this alternative system is uncomplicated, functions quite effectively with a minimum of inappropriate referrals, and contributes greatly towards decreasing the workload of the judicial as well as the psychiatric system.

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Mihara, Makoto, Hisako Hara, and Kazuki Kikuchi. "Lymph node transfer for refractory infectious sites caused by trauma." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 5 (January 1, 2017): 2050313X1771163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x17711631.

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Objective: In this report, we placed focus on the immunological function of lymph nodes and performed lymph node transfer via a free flap to a site of refractory infection. Case and Results: Case 1 describes a 34-year-old male suffering from compound fractures with severe crush injuries and burns in the right ankle joint. A 20 × 15 cm skin defect was observed around the right malleolus medialis, along with denuded tendons with bacterial infection. After conservative treatment, we transferred a lymph-node-containing free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap to the region, with minimum debridement. No recurrence of wound infection appeared. Case 2 describes a 73-year-old male patient suffering from extensive contused wound in the right crus. Despite conservative treatment, the tibia gradually became denuded with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealing degeneration of the tibial cortex. We performed a free superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap containing lymph nodes to the chronic infection area. The wound area healed successfully. Conclusion: In conclusion, lymph node transfer has a potential of treatment infection sites.

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Cooper, Stephen J., C. F. Johnston, and David J. King. "Lack of effect of electroconvulsive therapy on CSF peptide concentrations in schizophrenic patients." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 8, no. 2 (September 1991): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015081.

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AbstractThe effects of a series of 6 ECT treatments were observed on the CSF concentrations of neurotensin and substance-P in eight patients suffering from schizophrenia. Four patients were previously drug free. No significant effects of ECT were observed.

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Martin, Marion. "Book Review: Living Well with Pain and Illness: The Mindful Way to Free Yourself from Suffering." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 72, no. 10 (October 2009): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260907201006.

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Mashanova, N. S., and G. B. Tokmakhanbet. "Improvement of gluten-free bread production technology." Journal of Almaty Technological University, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48184/2304-568x-2021-1-11-16.

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This article presents the improvement of the technology of production of gluten-free bakery products for people suffering from celiac disease, using non-traditional flour.. A review of various possibilities for improving the quality of baking gluten-free bakery products, leveling the crumb structure and increasing the final volume of bread is carried out. In the course of the study, bread was baked from a mixture of rice and corn flour with the addition of flaxseed flour in an amount of 5%, 10%, 15% instead of part of corn and rice flour. Flaxseed flour was added together with all the prescription components during the kneading of the dough. Bread baked from a mixture of rice and corn flour with the addition of flaxseed flour had good organoleptic quality indicators, but the baked products were with explosions and cracks on the surface. The aroma was characteristic of bread. The taste of baked bread became brighter as the percentage of flaxseed flour increased. The developed recipe will expand the range of gluten-free food products of domestic production.

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Pallesen, Ståle, Hilde Sofie Hamre, Nina Lang, and Bjørn Bjorvatn. "Doxazosin for the treatment of nightmare disorder: A diary-based case study." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2093607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20936079.

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The α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin has showed good effect against posttraumatic stress disorder–related nightmares in several randomized controlled trials. The α1-adrenergic antagonist doxazosin, which has a longer half-live than prazosin, has received far less attention in the treatment of such nightmares. Here, we report a case of a patient suffering from severe nightmares following an erroneous medical administration of adrenaline (causing severe physiological hyper-activation) who was treated with doxazosin. Over a period of 280 days, the patient kept a nightmare diary and took 0, 4, or 8 mg doxazosin. The analyses showed that 8 mg doxazosin (55.2% nightmare-free nights) worked better (odds ratio = 28.2; 95% confidence interval = 3.7–213.9) compared to nights without doxazosin (4.3% nightmare-free nights). Except dizziness, which was not regarded as particularly bothersome by the patient, doxazosin was well tolerated. It is concluded that doxazosin may be indicated as a pharmacological treatment for patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder–related nightmares.

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Jolly, Chris J., Jonathan K. Webb, Graeme R. Gillespie, and Ben L. Phillips. "Training fails to elicit behavioral change in a marsupial suffering evolutionary loss of antipredator behaviors." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 4 (June 16, 2020): 1108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa060.

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Abstract Attempts to reintroduce threatened species from ex situ populations (zoos or predator-free sanctuaries) regularly fail because of predation. When removed from their natural predators, animals may lose their ability to recognize predators and thus fail to adopt appropriate antipredator behaviors. Recently, northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus; Dasyuromorpha: Dasyuridae) conserved on a predator-free “island ark” for 13 generations were found to have no recognition of dingoes, a natural predator with which they had coevolved on mainland Australia for about 8,000 years. A subsequent reintroduction attempt using quolls acquired from this island ark failed due to predation by dingoes. In this study, we tested whether instrumental conditioning could be used to improve predator recognition in captive quolls sourced from a predator-free “island ark.” We used a previously successful scent-recognition assay (a giving-up density experiment) to compare predator-scent recognition of captive-born island animals before and after antipredator training. Our training was delivered by pairing live predators (dingo and domestic dog) with an electrified cage floor in repeat trials such that, when the predators were present, foraging animals would receive a shock. Our training methodology did not result in any discernible change in the ability of quolls to recognize and avoid dingo scent after training. We conclude either that our particular training method was ineffective (though ethically permissible); or that because these quolls appear unable to recognize natural predators, predator recognition may be extremely difficult to impart in a captive setting given ethical constraints. Our results point to the difficulty of reinstating lost behaviors, and to the value of maintaining antipredator behaviors in conservation populations before they are lost.

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D'Andrea, Giovanni, Antonio Cananzi, Moreno Toldo, and Francesco Ferro-Milone. "Drugs and Platelet Activation in Migraine and Transient Ischemic Attacks." Cephalalgia 5, no. 2_suppl (May 1985): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03331024850050s219.

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In order to study the role of platelets in migraine and cerebrovascular disease, beta-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) plasma levels, indices of in vivo platelet activation, were assayed in two groups of patients suffering from migraine (common/classic and classic/complicated migraine, respectively) and in one group suffering from transitory ischemic attacks (TIAs). Plasma determinations were carried out in the absence of treatment and during the administration of aspirin (50 mg/daily) and flunarizine (10 mg/daily). Platelet activation was found in patients suffering from TIA; patients affected by classic and complicated migraine showed a high incidence of activation, in comparison with common migraine sufferers, also in headache-free periods. Administration of aspirin (ASA) was more effective than flunarizine in inducing a decrease in β-TG and PF4 plasma levels in migraineurs. Aspirin, however, did not affect platelet activation in subjects suffering from ischemic attack even though we did not observe any relapse after one year of treatment. The different effect of ASA in TIAs and migraine indicates that the platelet activation in TIA patients is due not only to cyclo-oxygenase pathway but also to other in vivo pathways.

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Bykov, I. M., D. A. Lubchenko, K. A. Popov, Ya Ye Denisova, A. N. Stolyarova, and M. A. Popova. "Oxidative stress markers in patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant dependence syndrome." Innovative medicine of Kuban, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35401/2500-0268-2020-20-4-20-26.

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Background. The available data from clinical studies suggest the essential role of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of drug dependence syndrome. At the same time, there is a limited understanding of using markers of oxidative stress in laboratory monitoring and prediction of drug pathology.Objective. To characterize changes in promising indicators of oxidative stress in patients with psychostimulant and opioid dependence syndrome.Material and Methods. The total study population was divided into three groups of men aged 23–35: healthy controls (n = 20), patients with the opioid (n = 20) and psychostimulant (n = 20) dependence syndrome. Patients were analyzed for the oxidative stress markers while being in therapy for addiction syndrome aimed at treating mental disorders and detoxification.Results. The study of antioxidant activity and blood plasma thiol groups did not reveal any significant differences between patients suffering from opioid and psychostimulant addiction. The values of the parameters mentioned above were maintained by 20–30% lower than the control indices throughout the entire study. The nature of changes in erythrocyte suspension parameters was not so unambiguous. Thus, patients with opioid dependence syndrome were characterized by a 91% increase in thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive materials in the setting of a slightly altered state of the glutathione system parameters. Psychostimulant dependent patients revealed relatively low level of the products of biomolecule oxidative modifications in the erythrocytes that is 52% higher compared to the control values. It decreased during the therapy, but glutathione concentration reduction by 33% and an imbalance of glutathione metabolism were determined.Conclusion. The course of the opioid dependence syndrome is characterized by a pronounced intensification of free radical processes while the common trait for psychostimulant abusers is significant changes in the antioxidant defense system. Therefore, in the first case, it is most justified to conduct a laboratory assessment of indicators of oxidative damage, and in the second one, it is also advisable to determine the markers of the state of individual links of the antioxidant system.

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RAM-PRASAD, C. "Conceptuality in question: teaching and pure cognition in Yogācāra-Madhyamaka." Religious Studies 36, no. 3 (September 2000): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412500005266.

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For Yogācāra-Madhyamaka, enlightenment is free of the mistaken conceptual construction of subject and objects of desire. The Buddha's awakening was a state purified of concepts, without desire and suffering. But, subsequently, he compassionately taught of awakening, and teaching is conceptual. Can enlightenment be both cognitively pure and concept-utilizing? To secure cognitive purity while teaching, the philosophers argue that the enlightened person is cleansed of desire for subject and objects, rather than strictly free of concepts of subject and objects. To secure teaching after the attainment of pure cognition, they allow conceptuality, so long as it is free of desire.

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Lestari, Retno, and Wenny Nugrahati Carsita. "Pain and Suffering: The Reality of Being Positive with HIV/AIDS." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4854.

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HIV/AIDS remains a global health problem and affects the overall quality of life. People living with HIV/AIDS are at risk for developing mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. This condition can fuel additional problems, such as non-compliance in taking HIV medications. This study aimed to explore the meaning in life while living with HIV/AIDS among people in West Java.This study used an interpretive phenomenological approach. Data were collected by in-depth interviews among 7 participants who experienced HIV-positive. The results were analyzed by Van Manen method. Four themes were identified in this study: (1) experiencing mental suffering, (2) be free from mental suffering, (3) trust the HIV/AIDS disease is not contagious and there is a hope to liveand (4) performing activities to improve the quality of life. Participantsfeels that living with HIV/AIDS is not easy. They suffered from fear and anxiety, on the other hand it emerged as a hope and decision to seek support, treatment, and performing activities to improve the quality of life.

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Lestari, Retno, and Wenny Nugrahati Carsita. "Pain and Suffering: The Reality of Being Positive with HIV/AIDS." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i4.4854.

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HIV/AIDS remains a global health problem and affects the overall quality of life. People living with HIV/AIDS are at risk for developing mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. This condition can fuel additional problems, such as non-compliance in taking HIV medications. This study aimed to explore the meaning in life while living with HIV/AIDS among people in West Java.This study used an interpretive phenomenological approach. Data were collected by in-depth interviews among 7 participants who experienced HIV-positive. The results were analyzed by Van Manen method. Four themes were identified in this study: (1) experiencing mental suffering, (2) be free from mental suffering, (3) trust the HIV/AIDS disease is not contagious and there is a hope to liveand (4) performing activities to improve the quality of life. Participantsfeels that living with HIV/AIDS is not easy. They suffered from fear and anxiety, on the other hand it emerged as a hope and decision to seek support, treatment, and performing activities to improve the quality of life.

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Razanamahery, Jerome, Bastien Bouldoires, Sebastien Humbert, Philip Bielefeld, Veronique Fournier, Bernard Bonnotte, Gilles Blaison, and Nadine Magy-Bertrand. "Characteristics of Adult Patients with Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis and Assessment of Risk of Relapse at Diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071380.

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Objectives: To compare adult patients’ characteristics suffering from idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis between “relapse-free” and relapsing patients at the diagnosis and identify factors associated with relapse at initial presentation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric study in four hospitals in Eastern France, from 1993 to 2020, of adult patients suffering from idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. We analyzed clinical, biological, and radiological features at diagnosis and during a forty-month follow-up. Results: Of 47 patients suffering from retroperitoneal fibrosis, 21 patients had idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Among them, 13 experienced one or more relapses during follow-up. At diagnosis, clinical characteristics, relevant comorbidities, biological and radiological features were similar between groups. Smoking cessation seems associated with decreased relapse risk (p: 0.0624). A total of 8 patients developed chronic renal failure during follow-up. Ureteral infiltration at diagnosis was associated with evolution to chronic renal failure (p: 0.0091). Conclusion: No clinical, biological, or radiological features could predict relapse at retroperitoneal fibrosis diagnosis, but smoking cessation may prevent relapse.

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Albrecht, Thomas. "“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance." Nineteenth-Century Literature 73, no. 4 (March 1, 2019): 486–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2019.73.4.486.

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Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance” (pp. 486–521) This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance, specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.

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Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, Lidia, Jadwiga Hołojda, Jakub Dębski, Anna Zubkiewicz-Zarębska, Ewa Zagocka, and Kazimierz Kuliczkowski. "Analysis of Free Serum Light Chains in Patients Suffering from Multiple Myeloma Complicated by Light-Chain Amyloidosis." Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine 23, no. 4 (2014): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17219/acem/23169.

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Gil-Humanes, Javier, Fernando Pistón, Rossana Altamirano-Fortoul, Ana Real, Isabel Comino, Carolina Sousa, Cristina M. Rosell, and Francisco Barro. "Reduced-Gliadin Wheat Bread: An Alternative to the Gluten-Free Diet for Consumers Suffering Gluten-Related Pathologies." PLoS ONE 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2014): e90898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090898.

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Grundy, Carolyn E., John Robinson, Alan G. Gordon, and Douglas M. Hay. "Selection of an antibody-free population of spermatozoa from semen samples of men suffering from immunological infertility." Human Reproduction 6, no. 4 (April 1991): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137385.

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Łańczak, Anna, Aneta Choręziak, Maria Płocka, Anna Sadowska-Przytocka, Magdalena Czarnecka-Operacz, Zygmunt Adamski, and Dorota Jenerowicz. "Nickel-free environment — dreams vs. reality." Journal of Medical Science 88, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.357.

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Introduction. Frequent occurrence of elevated nickel levels in everyday items explains why allergic contact dermatitis to nickel is the most common in the general population. In Northern America and Europe, 20% of the general population suffers from contact dermatitis while 8.6% of patients suffering from contact dermatitis are allergic to nickel.Material and Methods. A group of 25 patients (24 females and 1 male) sensitized to nickel and cobalt on the basis of patch testing was analyzed during a 2-year-long period in Department of Dermatology Poznań University of Medical Sciences. Contact allergy to nickel and cobalt was confirmed with the positive result of patch test, conducted with the Polish Standard Series of chemotechnique.Results. An excessive nickel release was detected in over a quarter of the tested items, respectively in 7.5% of jewellery, 57.89% of clothing accessories, 56.89% of other utility goods, such as keys, telephones or stationery. Cobalt excessive release was found in 7.3% of tested items, respectively in none of jewellery and kitchen accessories, 25% of clothing accessories, 12.5% of other utility goods (keys, pens, pendants).Conclusions. In general, everyday-use items are not nickel-free and more legislation steps are necessary to provide it and prevent initial sensitization in future generations. Several articles of every-day use release nickel and cobalt above migration limits.

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Egorova, I. A., V. A. Krutova, and A. G. Zavgorodnyaya. "EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN WOMEN SUFFERING FROM CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF SMALL PELVIS." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 25, no. 6 (December 21, 2018): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2018-25-6-68-72.

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Aim. The study was conducted to evaluate the intensity of oxidative disorders in women suffering from a complex course of chronic endometritis and salpingo-oophoritis. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 85 women divided into 3 groups: the control group – relatively healthy patients (n=30), the 2nd group – the patients suffering from chronic endometritis (n=29), the 3rd group – the patients suffering from a complex course of chronic endometritis and bilateral salpingo-oophoritis (n=26). The indices of chemiluminescence induced by the hydrogen peroxide were determined in the blood plasma and the mixed oral liquid. The content of products of oxidative modifications reacting to the thiobarbituric acid was determined in the erythrocyte meal and the mixed oral liquid.Results. The evaluation of the content of the product of oxidative modifications in biomolecules as well as the level of luminal-dependent chemiluminescence induced by the hydrogen peroxide revealed the intensification of free-radical processes in blood and the mixed oral liquid of patients suffering from inflammatory diseases of small pelvis. The index of the thiobarbituric value and the maximal chemiluminescence flash increased by 60-70% in the blood of patients from the 2nd-3rd groups. The area of chemiluminescence flash of the blood plasma in patients suffering from chronic endometritis increased by 73%, while in patients suffering from a complex course of chronic endometritis and bilateral salpingo-oophoritis it was significantly higher – by 2.1 times. The increase in the value of the maximal chemiluminescence flash by 45% and the chemiluminescence area by 43% was detected in the mixed oral liquid of the patients from the 3rd group, while the increased value of only chemiluminescence area (by 42%) was revealed in patients of the 2nd group.Conclusion. The results of the performed study revealed that the intensity of oxidative processes on the local and systemic levels in patients suffering from a complex course of chronic endometritis and double salpingo-oophoritis was significantly higher than in patients suffering from an isolated course of endometritis.

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Mari, Véronique, Marie Amelie Met Domestici, Christine Soler, Anne Deville, Nicolas Sirvent, Maryline Poiree, and Marc Frenay. "An oncogenetics consultation dedicated to children suffering from cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e20006-e20006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e20006.

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e20006 Background: When a child suffers from a cancer, parents worry about a probable hereditary cause. If a cancer occurs in the context of a genetic mutation, this can worsen the situation and make it more complicated. On the other hand, when the hereditary cause is rejected, the reinsurance for the family is clear. Methods: A partnership has been set between the Oncogenetics department in Centre Antoine Lacassagne Hospital in Nice and the Archet hospital in Nice (CHU) who takes in charge the children suffering from a cancer. Fifty little patients are seen every year in the paediatric oncology service at the Archet hospital (CHU). A consultation in oncogenetics is suggested to each family and insistently when a known syndrome is suspected. This consultation is also about to provide an other kind of care, in an other hospital, focused on the family with the aim to free of guilt the parents. Psychological care for families is in backdrop as they can express freely their questioning. Results: Twenty one families have been seen and fifteen different types of cancers recorded: mostly haematological cancers and neurological cancers. For each family, a pedigree was drawn. Data concerning the child’s disease and familial data were gathered. Most of the time, these information led to reassure the families. Therefore two Li and Fraumeni syndrome have been evoked. The first child suffered from a plexus choroid carcinoma and the second one had two distinct cancers: a nephroblastoma and a medulloblastoma. On the other hand, 2 children had had a LAL within a family with history of malignant haemopaties. Interestingly, 3 children with isolated LAL in the family where suggested to contribute to a research trial. Conclusions: This oncogenetic pediatric consultation allows to detect known hereditary predisposition syndromes and to contribute to researches in paediatric oncology. Above all, this strong bound between the oncogentics department and the pediatric oncology service permitted to reach an objective: offering families a specialised consultation with psychological support with a gap from disease.

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