Academic literature on the topic 'Suffixes and prefixes'

This article provides a counterexample to the commonly held, if unexamined, proposition that morphemes reconstructed as affixes do not change their position with respect to the root. We do not expect to find that a proto-prefix has suffix reflexes, nor that a proto-suffix has prefix reflexes. In this paper we show, through detailed reconstruction, that paradigms of class/case suffixes in a number of Northern Australian languages derive historically from a paradigm of proto-prefixes, through the encliticization and reduction of prefixed demonstratives to nominals. This process has only left a few traces of the demonstrative stems in the synchronic forms.

This study is aimed at describing the kinds of the English and Indonesian prefixes and suffixes mostly found in the descriptive text of student’s and finding the similarities and dissimilarities. The writer used descriptive qualitative research method. To collect the data, the writer used documentation technique. In analyzing the data the writer used descriptive analysis. After investigating the data, the writer found out four types of English prefix; quantified, locative, temporal, and negation prefixes. English suffixes have four types; nominal, verbal, adjectival, and adverbial suffixes, and five types of Indonesian prefixes; forming verb, forming adjectival, forming noun, forming numeral, and there forming interrogative. The writer also found out thirty two prefixes and suffixes words categorized as English Prefixes and Suffixes, and twenty prefixes and suffixes words categorized as English Prefixes and Suffixes. The writer found out the similarities and dissimilarities. The similarities between English Indonesian prefixes and suffixes in the descriptive text were on prefixes in line with quantity, and suffixes in line with nominal, verbal, and adjectival suffixes. While the dissimilarities were on prefixes and suffixes. In English prefixes, there were no types of prefixes that forming verb, adjective, noun, and interrogative. While in Indonesian prefixes, there were no types of prefixes such as locative, temporal, and negation prefixes. In English suffixes there were no forming numeral and interrogative. In Indonesian There was no adverbial suffix.

When compared to suffixes, prefixes possess several distinctive but largely unexplained properties. This paper explores the idea that these properties might arise from a common source, namely discontinuous recognition of spoken prefixed words, in which listeners ‘skip’ to that portion of the speech stream which contains the root. If this occurs, listeners could potentially perceive prefixes very differently than roots and suffixes. We investigated this idea with a noise-rating task, which measures the extent to which noise subjectively interferes with speech. Using newly-coined derived English words as a stimuli, participants rated the loudness of white noise overlaid on portions of spoken words corresponding to prefixes, word-initial roots, or suffixes. Results indicate that participants gave overall higher loudness ratings to noise on prefixes compared to noise on suffixes. Furthermore, as signal-to-noise ratios decreased, participants increased their loudness ratings at greater rates for noise on roots compared to noise on prefixes. These results support the discontinuous hypothesis, and suggest that prefixed words introduce a perceptual bias which could explain the development of certain distinctive prefix characteristics over time.

The purpose of this research is to find similarities and differences, as well as to describe the types of prefixes and suffixes in English, Indonesian and Banjar in Indonesian Borneo, to develop a description of the socio-cultural background of speakers of Banjar Kuala language and describe the morphology and syntax of the Banjar Kuala language: Formation of verbs in Banjar Kuala Borneo/South Kalimantan. Describes verbs formed from affixes, namely prefixes and suffixes, infixes, and prefixes + suffixes like the prefix maN-/mam-/ ( /maNujun/ 'fishing', /mambanu/ 'selling water', and the prefix maN-/ma- and ending -an like, /unjun/ 'kail' becomes /maunjunan/ 'all for fish' and /mambanuan/ 'sell all the water' other prefixes and suffixes maN- and -i: /maunjuni/ 'fishing' in a certain place/.and other verbs like /manjukuni/ 'give a boat' and prefix maN - and suffix i- + suffix -will /maunjanikan/ 'fishing for', /manjukuniakan/ 'to run a boat for' This research project clearly illustrates the differences in verb formation between the Banjar-Kuala language in South Kalimantan, Indonesia and the international language, namely English .both can be seen from the use of affixes in the formation of verbs, the similarity of the two can form verbs with the addition of prefixes and suffixes, while the difference is that English cannot form verbs from infixes, but Banjar language can form verbs from the same infixes as Indonesian and other languages in the world.

This study discusses the type of affixation, especially prefixes and suffixes in the West Simeulue language. This study aims to find what types of prefixes and suffixes are in West Simeulue language. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data in this thesis are in the form of words, which are taken through an interview process with informants in the form of students who come from Simeulue Island and are native speakers of West Simeulue Language who are in the Padang City West Sumatera. Data collection techniques based on known data regarding the types of Prefix and Suffix affixes in the West Simeulue Language. The results of this study are that there are several types of prefixes and suffixes in West Simeulue language, in the prefix there is pattern form, prefix Ma-+ noun = verb, prefix Ma- + adjective = verb, prefix –Ma + verb = verb, prefix –Ni + noun = Adjective, Prefix –Mam + verb = Verb, prefix –Mang + noun = Verb, prefix Mang- + verb= Verb and in the suffix there is a pattern form that is slightly different from prefix, in the suffix verb + suffix -An= noun, verb + suffix -Ni = adjective, adjective + suffix –Ni = adjective, noun + suffix –I = verb and verb + suffix –I = verb

Abstract This research is related to affixation category of Palembang Malay language, which is a regional part of the Sumatra region exactly South Sumatra. In particular, this study uses category of affixation in the form of prefixes and suffixes (suffiks) used by Dryer's (2013) in researching the Nualu language in Seram island which belongs to the Polynesian Malay ethnic. This research reveals that on Palembang Malay language affixation, the first affixation category was the form of 6 (six) categories of prefixes (awalan) in Palembang Malay language, among others; N-, di-, peN-, be-, te-, and se-.Second, there are found 5 (five) types of suffixes (akhiran) in Palembang Malay language, such as; -ke, -la, -an, -nyo, and –i. The third is found 3 (three) simulfix (awalan-akhiran) which is the type of bound form of the prefix one with another prefix, such as: ke-.. . -an, pe-. . . -an, and be-. -an. Finally, there were found 3 (three) main categories of morphophonemic process prefixes in Palembang Malay language, such as; a) there are four types of prefixesN-in Malay language Palembang has many allomorphs: m, n, ny, ng. b) there are six types of prefixespeN- connected with words, so the prefix will change to: pem-, pen-, peny-, peng-, pel-, orpe-. c)there are four prefixesbe- that has allomorphs bel-, ber, and be- .The Grand theory approach used in this study has been stated by Velupillai (2012) and Lieber (2009).

This study aims to analyze Korean language affixes. The source data in this research was taken from a Korean essay entitled Jichyeotgeona Joahaneun Ge Eopgeona. This study was designed to answer the following research question; how is the classification of affixes contained in the essay Jichyeotgeona Joahaneun Ge Eopgeona based on the theory of affix classification proposed by Kim et al. (2005). This study used mixed methods with descriptive-analytical approach. Based on the results of data analysis, there were found 28 affixes, consisting of 4 prefixes and 24 suffixes in the data source. From the 4 prefixes, it is found that 3 prefixes are attached to the basic form of noun class and 1 prefix is attached to the base form of verb or adjective class. Furthermore, from 24 suffixes, 6 suffixes form verbs, 15 suffixes form nouns, 2 suffixes form adjectives and 1 suffix forms adverbs. Through the results of this study, it is hoped that it will provide readers with additional knowledge and reference materials regarding affixes in Korean.

In the article “Morphological structure of words in Modern English” the author conducted research on the study of the Morphological structure of words in the process of learning Modern English. In this article, the author describes the morphological structure of the word. They are: 1) simple words; 2) compound words; 3) words that consist of the same root and never change their meaning; 4) words that are obscured by various additions to the derivative; 5) words formed with the help of various suffices; 6) affixes that change the form of the word; 7) abbreviations. A morpheme is a small part of a word. A morpheme has an independent meaning. A morpheme can be considered the root of the word. The word itself cannot be considered a morpheme. Affixes are divided into prefixes and suffixes. Both – prefixes and suffixes can change the meaning of the word. Key words: suffix, prefix, accent, structure, participate, separate, base

The article analyzes some rules for writing prefixes and suffixes, presented in the new edition of “Ukrainian Orthography” in 2019, which appear to be debatable. In particu­lar, comments and suggestions concern spelling innovations that distinguish this edition from the previous ones: variant writing of allomorph prefixes apxi– / архи-; elimination of agentive suffixes –чик (-щик); spelling of derivatives with the suffix –ив-(-о); recom­mendations on the use of suffixes to create feminine counterparts to male names; ten­dencies to eliminate foreign language components in adjectival suffixes –ичи-(-ий), –ічн-(-ий) [(-їчн-(-ий)], etc. It is proposed to expand the list of prefixes, the transmis­sion of which will be regulated by spelling, and with respect to individual formants it is expressed a caveat to refrain from codification measures until their full usualization. In particular, it was noted that the prefix архи-, borrowed into the Ukrainian lan­guage long ago from Greek through Church Slavonic as part of the Christian religious vocabulary, has a long tradition of pronunciation with [и], and therefore the fixation of the variant архі– in the spelling, which appeared in newly formed derivatives and in an­cient words under the influence of the Russian pronunciation of Church Slavonic texts is impractical. The suffixes –чик (-щик), removed from the spelling, obviously in the agentive sense, although the rule regulates the writing in them and, it is advisable to return them to the spelling, because the suffix –чик is a productive diminutive suffix, and in the agentive sense it helps to avoid homonymy (підрядчик — підрядник) and functions in words that are not used with another suffix (bratchyk, nebizhchyk). In the rule governing the use of the suffix –ив-(-о) –yv-(-o) it is necessary to return the lexeme мариво (previously — with the allomorph –ев-(-о) марево) removed from it as one that demonstrates a tendency to unification with the formations of the corre­sponding word-formation model. Recommendations on the elimination of foreign language components in adjectival suffixes, –ичи-(-ий), –ічи-(-ий) [(-їчи-(-ий)] as an example of renormalization and the rule on suffixes for creating feminine correlates to male names as such, that potentially codifies this latest derivational process itself, we consider premature in view of the in­completeness of the usualization of the corresponding linguistic phenomena. It is also proposed to expand the list of prefixes whose transmission will be regu­lated by spelling (in particular, foreign language де-, дез-, дис-, ди– (ді-), as well as parts of foreign words that are not prefixes: їре-, їри, їрі-, etc.). Keywords: Ukrainian orthography, spelling of prefixes and suffixes, feminine forms, adjecti­val suffixes.

Abstract How can we tell whether an agreement feature will end up as a prefix, a suffix, or a combination of exponents? Research on Afroasiatic languages has identified a number of asymmetries which can be found between prefixes and suffixes. This short review considers these asymmetries, points out three cross-Semitic generalizations, and outlines the possible sources for them. Four kinds of theoretical explanations are evaluated: Syntactic, Morphological, Morphotactic and Morphophonological.