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1
Mikheev, V. V., M. Szymanek, W. Tanas, P. A. Eremin, V. A. Kolos, and V. B. Lovkis. "Parameters of the Planting Machine for Sugar Beet Sets." Agricultural Engineering 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2019-0037.
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AbstractFor seed production of sugar and fodder beet, the creation of machines and working bodies for planting root crops on testes and pollinators is of current importance. It was found out that the seed-and-water production was spreading with the use of “schteklings” [sugar beet roots]. In the countries with minus temperatures between the vegetation seasons it is necessary to dig out beets and plant them again at the beginning of the vegetation season. Advantages and disadvantages of machines and apparatus for disembarking the schteklings were determined. Under the conditions of applicability, we chose a design scheme and a type of landing gear. With the use of mathematical expressions and standards for the labor intensity of the operator of the above machine, the optimal parameters of its planting apparatus were determined. It was determined that the work of the operator of the schteklings planting machine’s stem will meet the safety standards for the intensity of labor if the planting unit of this machine is a rotor-type. It should be equipped with planting cones and a charging device, a conveyor type. The number of holders of landing cones should be 6-8 pieces, and the radius of the rotor is within the range of 0.344 ... 0.382 m. Such a scheme, type and parameters of the landing gear will allow operators to work at the speed of the planter of up to 1.2 m·s−1.
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Rípoli, Marco L. C., and Tomaz C. C. Rípoli. "Evaluation of five sugar cane planters." Engenharia Agrícola 30, no. 6 (December 2010): 1110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162010000600012.
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Brazil is the world biggest producer of sugar cane with an area of 7x10(6) hectares. Mainly the system used for planting is the semi-mechanized one, which consists in opening the furrows with a machine, manually allocating the fractioned stalks and then covering the furrows done by the machines. The great amount of human labor used in the semi-mechanized system is becoming harder to find and also more expensive, indicating the need of a fully mechanized operation. Currently in Brazil these agriculture machines industries offers six different types of fully mechanized sugar cane planters (two types of whole stalks for planting and four using mechanized harvested stalks known as billets). All of them plant in two furrows simultaneously in 1.5 m row spacing. This study analyzed five different machines and the following variables: Working Speed (km h-1); Effective Capacity (ha h-1), Drawbar Force (kgf), Draw Bar Power (in HP), Fuel Consumption (L h-1) and Costs (US$ ha-1) comparing them with the semi-mechanized system. This research also characterized the stalks for planting as viable gems number (%), non viable gems number (%) and billet length (m). And lastly the mechanized planting system is cheaper than the conventional one and none of the machines has an adequate mechanism for placing the right amount of sugar cane seed.
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Findura, P., L. Nozdrovický, P. Tóth, and Ľ. Mrázová. "Evaluation of the work quality of the sugar beet planter in relation to the sugar beet seed parameters." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 3 (August 20, 2008): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/713-rae.
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: Due to the restructuring of the Slovak agriculture managed by the Common agricultural policy of the European union, the acreage under sugar beet has been significantly reduced (32 000 ha in 2003, 27 700 ha in 2006). For the growers with a high intensity of growing, sugar beet has the potential to bring profit. The quality of the crop stand establishment during seeding is considered as the basis for a high yield of the sugar beet roots. Biological and technological properties of sugar beet seed, tillage quality and the quality of the seed placement into the soil have a dominant effect on the value and evenness of the sugar beet field emergence. A regular seed placement is also required as the precondition for minimising the harvest losses. During seeding, the distance between two successive seeds in the row depends upon the technical parameters of the planter – forward speed, type of the seeding unit mounting to the frame, the design and the type of the seeding mechanism drive. Our paper is focused on the comparison of the seeding quality of two types of sugar beet planters equipped with different seeding mechanisms: ground driven seeding mechanism and electric motor driven seeding mechanism. Unicorn synchro drive planter provided better results (<I>x</I><sub>2</sub> = 17.89 mm) than Meca 2000 planter (<I>x</I><sub>2</sub> = 28.44 mm). The planters were evaluated in experiments conducted in field conditions according to the International standard ISO 7256/1.
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Jacoberger, Nicole A. "Sugar Rush: Sugar and Science in the British Caribbean." Britain and the World 14, no. 2 (September 2021): 128–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2021.0369.
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This article examines the contrasting evolution in sugar refining in Jamaica and Barbados incentivized by Mercantilist policies, changes in labor systems, and competition from foreign sugar revealing the role of Caribbean plantations as a site for experimentation from the eighteenth through mid-nineteenth century. Britain's seventeenth- and eighteenth-century protectionist policies imposed high duties on refined cane-sugar from the colonies, discouraging colonies from exporting refined sugar as opposed to raw. This system allowed Britain to retain control over trade and commerce and provided exclusive sugar sales to Caribbean sugar plantations. Barbadian planters swiftly gained immense wealth and political power until Jamaica and other islands produced competitive sugar. The Jamaica Assembly invested heavily in technological innovations intended to improve efficiency, produce competitive sugar in a market that eventually opened to foreign competition such as sugar beet, and increase profits to undercut losses from duties. They valued local knowledge, incentivizing everyone from local planters to chemists, engineers, and science enthusiasts to experiment in Jamaica and publish their findings. These publications disseminated important findings throughout Britain and its colonies, revealing the significance of the Caribbean as a site for local experimentation and knowledge.
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AWAD, NABEL M., REFAT M. EL-MARHOMY, and SHEREEN F. ABDEL-HAMEED. "EVALUATION OF SEEDBED PREPARATION LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE OF SUGAR BEET PLANTERS." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 88, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 885–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2010.189372.
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Kukharev, Oleg, Ivan Semov, and Ivan Starostin. "TO THE QUESTION OF TECHNIC-TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF SELECTION AND SEEDING OF SUGAR BEET." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-25-30.
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Sugar beets are the only source of sugar in Russia. The use of new highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar beet with high sugar content can significantly increase sugar production. To ensure the country’s food security in sugar production and reduce import dependence on sugar beet seeds, the strategic task is to resume domestic selection of sugar beets and provide it with beet seeds for the country. One of the factors restraining the development of domestic selection and seed production is the physically and morally obsolete technical base of selection and seed-growing institutes, centers and farms. In the selection of sugar beets, non-transplanting, planting and transplanting (plug-in) methods for producing sugar beet seeds are used. Of great practical interest is the introduction of the plug-in method for producing seeds, in which thickened sugar beet crops are created, due to which the optimal specific yield of uterine root crops is ensured, the area of arable land is most effectively used and the cost of seed production is reduced. Moreover, in the struggle for light, moisture and nutrients, the most powerful biotypes survive. The analysis of machines for selection and seed production shows that commercially available machines in our country do not meet the requirements of the technology for producing sugar beet seeds using the plug-in method. It is necessary to create and implement specialized machines, such as bed-forming mills, seeders for creating a thickened sowing, machines for minting seed plants and removing pollinators. The lines used for sorting the plugs require additional manual selection of root crops and rejection of damaged, rotten or infected plugs. Machines for landing plugs require the use of monotonous manual labor. It is promising to conduct research in the direction of automating the processes of cleaning, sorting and planting of plugs, minting testes, and eliminating manual labor during these operations.
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Kuril, Vasiliy, and Viktor Pryshlyak. "OPTIMIZATION OF PARAMETERS OF WORKING BODIES OF MACHINES FOR SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 3(110) (October 30, 2020): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-3-9.
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Existing technologies and modern technical means do not always provide the required quality of technological processes for growing sugar beets. Increasing requirements necessitate continuous improvement of existing and creation of new high-performance machines and units to ensure high-quality production technologies of sugar beet crops. Improved technological processes for the production of sugar beet crops are described in the article. Such technological processes include: loosening the compacted topsoil and destruction of the soil crust before the emergence of sugar beet shoots, loosening the soil after emergence, feeding sugar beets with increased soil hardness and low moisture content, inter-row soil cultivation with hilling plants in lines. As a result of research of technologies for inter-row processing of sugar beets in the system of crop care, the following ratio was established: the optimal depth and width of the strips for cutting the top layer of the soil, depending on the depth of placement of the sown seeds; the distance between the ribs of the roller, depending on the depth of cutting the soil; the maximum depth of soil loosening in the row zone and the row spacing zone, depending on the depth of sowing seeds and the placement of the root system of beets; the required depth of soil loosening in the aisles, depending on the specified optimal depth of application of mineral fertilizers in the aisles; the required distance from the conditional centerline of the beet rows to the zone of mineral fertilization in the aisles, etc. The use of optimized technological processes makes it possible to create the necessary conditions for the growth and development of sugar beet plants on heavy-textured soils and after a significant amount of precipitation and an increase in soil density. In addition, the proposed innovative technologies ensure the preservation and even increase of soil moisture, reduction of sparseness and contamination of crops, as well as losses and damage to sugar beet roots during harvesting. The research results can be used to improve and optimize zonal technologies and technical means for growing sugar beets in conditions of high density and insufficient soil moisture, as well as in the educational process in the preparation of future specialists from agricultural engineering for scientific project activities.
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Pulkrábek, J., M. Kavka, V. Rataj, J. Humpál, L. Nozdrovický, Z. Trávníček, and V. Pačuta. " The assessment of the economic risks level of sugar beet growing for the farm economy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 1 (January 17, 2012): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2010-agricecon.
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The risk rate of sugar beet growing was analyzed by using the algorithm for modelling and generating the random numbers based on the conditions determined in advance and the statistical distribution of sugar beets yield, the total costs, earnings and gross profit. On the bases of results of the analysis of economic risks of sugar beet production in years 1995–2009, it follows that the sugar beet growing in all regions is highly risky in the Czech Republic. The subsidy SAPS and TOP-UP per 1 hectare of sugar beet have a positive impact on its economics though not sufficient enough. In practice, it means that it is highly probable that the break-even point will not be achieved and thereby it is highly probable that the fixed costs are not covered and the update of machines is significantly limited. This happens mainly in the marginal regions. If the agricultural companies count on the separate sugar payment, the sugar beet growing is in all regions of the Czech Republic with acceptable risk.
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Ortega, José Guadalupe. "Machines, modernity, and sugar: the Greater Caribbean in a global context, 1812–50." Journal of Global History 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000478.
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AbstractThis article examines the diffusion of evaporation technology along multi-centred and overlapping scientific, industrial, and commercial knowledge networks. It follows the circulation of vacuum pan (steam evaporator) technology in the Greater Caribbean, the North Atlantic, and the East Indies in order to understand the dual processes of invention and globalization. The article demonstrates that the tropical sugar plantation served as an experimental laboratory and, as such, vital inventions and engineering developments that took place in this space were subsequently incorporated into manufacturing designs in the North Atlantic, helping to modernize European industries in the process. As transient intermediaries, scientists, industrialists, and engineers modified and adapted vacuum pan technologies to meet the local demands of planters in the Greater Caribbean, thereby integrating this area into an increasingly globalized economy.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Valerii Adamchuk, Ladislav Nozdrovicky, and Ivan Holovach. "Theory of the interaction of flat sensing organ with the head of the sugar beet root." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 48, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2017.676.
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Sugar beet leaves now are very widely used for livestock feeding, as an organic fertiliser, and also as a raw material for the production of biogas. Therefore the harvest of the sugar beet tops (including leaves) can be considered as current task for the sugar beet growing system. Modern technologies involve harvest of the tops of sugar beet in two stages: flat basic cut and collecting of the entire green mass at higher altitude and the subsequent cutting of the heads of root crops from the residues. Therefore, topical issues of the sensing of the heads of sugar beet roots arranged in rows, are related to the majority of the sugar beet toppers, cleaners of the sugar beet heads, leaves cutters and, digging up working bodies of some designs. The aim of this study is theoretical determination the optimum design and kinematic parameters of a new sensing mechanism of the sugar beet heads located in the soil on the basis of the theory of interaction of flat passive swath board sensing organ with the sugar beet heads during their topping when located in the soil. In the study there are used methods of creation of mathematical models of functioning of the agricultural machines and their working bodies with the using of main provisions of mathematics, theoretical mechanics, programming and numerical calculations on the PC. In this paper, there is presented a theoretical study of the interaction of passive sensing organ with the head of the sugar beet root when there are located residues of the leaves on a root head spherical surface in the form of short elastic rods. Thus, for such an interaction of the sensing organ and the head of sugar beet root head there is taken into account elastic-damping properties of the sugar beet leaves residues. In the study there was first of all developed a new design of the topper for sugar beet heads with the use of a flat swath board sensing organ, there was developed the equivalent scheme of the interaction of the sensing organ with a fixed sugar beet root head. There was also selected and arranged the axis of coordinates, and determined the active forces and angle parameters. Using the basic law of dynamics there was made up a new system of differential equations and the integration of which has made it possible to find the laws of variation of the speed of movement and of the movement of the flat passive sensing organ on the head of sugar beet root head at the beginning of the contact. After determining the initial values of force and design parameters it is possible to solve them on PC to optimise kinematic and structural parameters of the sensing mechanism.
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Чирва, І. В. "Буряківництво в економіці сільськогосподарських підприємств." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2015.03.30.
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У статті розкрито сучасний стан розвитку цук-ровобурякового виробництва у господарствах Пол-тавської області та України. Висвітлено проблемискорочення посівних площ, зростання рівня урожай-ності, коливання рівня прибутку та рентабельності.Проаналізовано динаміку витрат на виробництвоцукрових буряків в сільськогосподарських підприємс-твах. Внесено рекомендації щодо регулювання ви-трат на вирощування солодких коренеплодів в регіоніза рахунок купівлі вітчизняного насіння і техніки.Запропоновано пропозиції для підвищення ефектив-ності галузі.
Modern conditions of development of sugar beet production in farms of Poltava region and Ukraine have been given in the article. The problems of reduction of sowing areas, productivity increase, fluctuation of level of income and profitability have been found out. The dynamics of costs on the production of sugar beets at agricultural enterprises has been analyzed. The recommendations concerning management of costs on sugar beet growing in the region on account of purchase of domestic seeds and machines have been brought. Propositions for the increase of industry efficiency have been offered.
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Simone Pascuzzi, Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, and Francesco Santoro. "Oscillations Analysis of Front-Mounted Beet Topper Machine for Biomass Harvesting." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 2774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142774.
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The beet leaves and tops, which currently are excluded from the production process of sugar, could be an interesting opportunity for the production of renewable energy. Usually, the defoliators are joined with root collar remover machines, which are installed in front of the tractor. In working conditions on soils having natural roughness these front-mounted beet topper machines carried by tractors are affected by angular oscillations in a longitudinal-vertical plane that strongly affect the cutting uniformity. A theoretical study of these oscillations was carried out in this paper using Lagrange II kind equations, with the aim to assess the design and kinematic parameters of a front-mounted beet topper, corresponding to more stable and suitable movements in the longitudinal-vertical plane. A numerical simulation was then performed adopting the developed mathematical model. In order to improve the efficiency of this harvesting machine, a significant role is assumed by the soil preparation. In this work the stiffness and damping parameters of the feeler wheels pneumatic tires have been considered constant but further studies are in progress to assess their effective importance and influence for reducing the vibration of the front-mounted beet topper machine with the final aim to achieve a better machine design.
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Frishev, S. G. "Substantiation of rational parameters of harvesting-transport complex of machines for production of sugar beet." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 10, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2019.03.063.
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Uhlíř, V., J. Mareček, and J. Červinka. "Impact of soil compaction in sowing on development and crops of sugar beet." Research in Agricultural Engineering 52, No. 1 (February 7, 2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4874-rae.
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Putting together work operations minimizes the number of machine passes across the plot, which helps to reduce negative soil compaction and to save fuels. However, the combination of working operations also reflects in the increased weight of machines, which – on the other hand – can result exactly in soil compaction. This is why the potential adverse phenomenon can be compensated by using tyres with a larger contact surface with the base. In the case of sowing root crops, some problems may appear with the application of these tyres as a certain part of the stand has been sown in their track. The paper brings an assessment of the possibility to use twin assembly tyres on the tractor model Fendt 822 and on the sowing drill model Monosem NG plus with 18 drilling mechanisms. Parameters to be assessed were soil compaction, and the development of plants sown inside and outside the tractor track. Although the degree of soil compaction was higher in the tractor track, the biological characteristic of plants including yield reached more favourable criteria of assessment. The situation paradoxically resulted from the creation of more favourable moisture conditions in the soil.
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Mikheyev, Vladimir V., Petr A. Eremin, Vitaliy N. Zernov, and Sergey N. Petukhov. "Mechanization of Root Crop Seed Production Technologies." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 12, no. 6 (December 24, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2018-12-6-31-37.
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Abstract.The sugar beet seed production is currently employing a non-planting-and-transplant technology with the use of steklings. Planting units of the machines available on the market feature a number of drawbacks: low productivity, possible injuring of root crops, and increased labor intensity of operators. (Research purpose) To develop a universal design and parameters of an increased-productivity unit for planting steklings of sugar beet and other root crops. (Materials and methods) The design scheme and type of a planting unit have been chosen according to the requirements of applicability and versatility. Its preferred design parameters have been calculated as well. A prototype machine with a universal planting unit in the form of a cellular disk has been developed and manufactured in test production. (Results and discussion) The conducted field experiments proved the versatility of a planting machine with a disc-type unit used for planting root crops, including dimensional characteristics corresponding to those of steklings. The authors have found that when replacing a disk with a different number of cells of different sizes, the machine is suitable for planting a number of similar crops. A removable disk with 12-16 cells has been installed, with its angular speed decreased to 0.393-1.180 radian per second, which is lower as compared to the existing machines. Satisfactory agrotechnical tolerances have been provided for carrot planting in the soil at a depth of 12 cm, a step of 30 cm, and a deviation from the vertical of 110. The intensity of root crop laying in the cells of a seeding disk has been increased to 1-3 pcs. per second. (Conclusions) It has been found that the machine and the planting unit can increase the working speed up to 1.0 meter per second and reduce the labor intensity of operators to the level of safety requirements. The use of universal machines in the breeding and seed production of root crops will reduce the range of the applied machines and operating costs of farm enterprises.
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Roscher, Ribana, Jan Behmann, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Jan Dupuis, Heiner Kuhlmann, and Lutz Plümer. "DETECTION OF DISEASE SYMPTOMS ON HYPERSPECTRAL 3D PLANT MODELS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-7 (June 7, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-7-89-2016.
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We analyze the benefit of combining hyperspectral images information with 3D geometry information for the detection of <i>Cercospora</i> leaf spot disease symptoms on sugar beet plants. Besides commonly used one-class Support Vector Machines, we utilize an unsupervised sparse representation-based approach with group sparsity prior. Geometry information is incorporated by representing each sample of interest with an inclination-sorted dictionary, which can be seen as an 1D topographic dictionary. We compare this approach with a sparse representation based approach without geometry information and One-Class Support Vector Machines. One-Class Support Vector Machines are applied to hyperspectral data without geometry information as well as to hyperspectral images with additional pixelwise inclination information. Our results show a gain in accuracy when using geometry information beside spectral information regardless of the used approach. However, both methods have different demands on the data when applied to new test data sets. One-Class Support Vector Machines require full inclination information on test and training data whereas the topographic dictionary approach only need spectral information for reconstruction of test data once the dictionary is build by spectra with inclination.
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Roscher, Ribana, Jan Behmann, Anne-Katrin Mahlein, Jan Dupuis, Heiner Kuhlmann, and Lutz Plümer. "DETECTION OF DISEASE SYMPTOMS ON HYPERSPECTRAL 3D PLANT MODELS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-7 (June 7, 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-7-89-2016.
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We analyze the benefit of combining hyperspectral images information with 3D geometry information for the detection of <i>Cercospora</i> leaf spot disease symptoms on sugar beet plants. Besides commonly used one-class Support Vector Machines, we utilize an unsupervised sparse representation-based approach with group sparsity prior. Geometry information is incorporated by representing each sample of interest with an inclination-sorted dictionary, which can be seen as an 1D topographic dictionary. We compare this approach with a sparse representation based approach without geometry information and One-Class Support Vector Machines. One-Class Support Vector Machines are applied to hyperspectral data without geometry information as well as to hyperspectral images with additional pixelwise inclination information. Our results show a gain in accuracy when using geometry information beside spectral information regardless of the used approach. However, both methods have different demands on the data when applied to new test data sets. One-Class Support Vector Machines require full inclination information on test and training data whereas the topographic dictionary approach only need spectral information for reconstruction of test data once the dictionary is build by spectra with inclination.
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Bulgakov, V., V. Adamchuk, І. Holovach, and Ye Ihnatiev. "Mathematical model of the movement of a towed machine for cleaning beet tops residues from root crop heads." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.01.003.
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The work of a tractor-towed machine for cleaning beet top residues from root crop heads, when used with supporting pneumatic wheels, is accompanied with its oscillations in the vertical plane, which has consider- able impact on the quality of implementing the technological process. Therefore, the determination of opti- mal parameters for the cleaning machine, ensuring more stable movement of its cleaning working tool, in the longitudinal-vertical plane fi rst and foremost, is an important task of the mechanization of sugar beet grow- ing industry. Aim. To enhance the effi ciency of cleaning sugar beet top residues from root crop heads via the elaboration of the mathematical model of the oscillating movement of the towed machine for cleaning beet top residues from root crop heads in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Methods. The methods of building computational mathematical models for the functioning of agricultural machines and equipment, based on theoretical mechanics and advanced mathematics, were used. Results. The elaborated equivalent scheme of the movement of the towed cleaning machine was used to obtain the system of two non-linear differential equations for detailed study of the oscillations of the root crop head cleaner in the longitudinal-vertical plane while its supporting pneumatic wheels are moving along uneven soil surface. The mathematical model for the movement of the cleaner with horizontal cleaning roller, elaborated on the basis of initial dynamics equa- tions in the Lagrangian form of the second kind, allowed determining the connection between constructive and kinematic parameters of the vehicle and its oscillating characteristics. The established dependencies formed the prerequisites for further mathematical digital modelling of the parameters of the towed machine for cleaning of root crop heads with a horizontal cleaning roller. Conclusions. The established computation- al model allows optimizing the values of several parameters, characterizing the oscillations of the machine in the longitudinal-vertical plane.
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Ohorodnyk, N., K. Smolianinov, and M. Ratsky. "Cellular and humoral immunity of carp at the action of biologically active additives." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2017): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.01.070.
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The work of a tractor-towed machine for cleaning beet top residues from root crop heads, when used with supporting pneumatic wheels, is accompanied with its oscillations in the vertical plane, which has consider- able impact on the quality of implementing the technological process. Therefore, the determination of opti- mal parameters for the cleaning machine, ensuring more stable movement of its cleaning working tool, in the longitudinal-vertical plane fi rst and foremost, is an important task of the mechanization of sugar beet grow- ing industry. Aim. To enhance the effi ciency of cleaning sugar beet top residues from root crop heads via the elaboration of the mathematical model of the oscillating movement of the towed machine for cleaning beet top residues from root crop heads in the longitudinal-vertical plane. Methods. The methods of building computational mathematical models for the functioning of agricultural machines and equipment, based on theoretical mechanics and advanced mathematics, were used. Results. The elaborated equivalent scheme of the movement of the towed cleaning machine was used to obtain the system of two non-linear differential equations for detailed study of the oscillations of the root crop head cleaner in the longitudinal-vertical plane while its supporting pneumatic wheels are moving along uneven soil surface. The mathematical model for the movement of the cleaner with horizontal cleaning roller, elaborated on the basis of initial dynamics equa- tions in the Lagrangian form of the second kind, allowed determining the connection between constructive and kinematic parameters of the vehicle and its oscillating characteristics. The established dependencies formed the prerequisites for further mathematical digital modelling of the parameters of the towed machine for cleaning of root crop heads with a horizontal cleaning roller. Conclusions. The established computation- al model allows optimizing the values of several parameters, characterizing the oscillations of the machine in the longitudinal-vertical plane.
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Kuznetsov, Pavel, Sergey Solovyev, Vasily Gorshenin, and Konstantin Manaenkov. "Reduction of soil layer losses when harvesting sugar beet in the conditions of the central black earth region." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021004007.
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When cultivating sugar beets, harvesting is one of the most labor-intensive operations. But in terms of quality and operational and technological performance, the machines used do not meet modern agrotechnical requirements, especially in conditions of high soil moisture (25 - 29%). With an increase in soil moisture, its adhesion to the working surfaces of the digging organs and the heap cleaner increases, reducing their separating ability. We propose to improve the cleaning technology by modernizing the design of the separating stars. This is achieved by using cylindrical brushes (in the amount of three pieces), which are mounted vertically to the horizontal plane of the star's rods. One end of the cylindrical brush is attached to one of the ends of the star bar, and the other end of the brushes is in the hollow bracket. All brushes are located at the same distance from each other along the periphery of the star. The second ends of the brushes, located in the hollow bracket, are fixed to each other and move freely in it. This improved design will allow the brushes to interact with the contaminated surface of the sprocket guard, improving their cleaning ability and eliminating cleaning breaks when working in harsh conditions.
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Skudlarski, Jacek, Piotr Chibowski, Waldemar Izdebski, Roman Krygul, Oksana Makarchuk, Svetlana Zaika, and Stanisław Zając. "Przemiany w wyposażeniu technicznym gospodarstw rolnych na Ukrainie w latach 2000-2015." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.1.17.
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The purpose of the article was the analysis of the change in the equipment of Ukraine's agriculture in selected means of mechanization of plant growing in the period of 2000-2015. The analysis is limited of tractors, combine harvesters, machines for harvesting potatoes and sugar beet. By preparing the article, data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine was used, as well as available publications. The changes that have occurred in the agriculture of Ukraine caused significant on depletion of the technical base of agricultural enterprises. At the same time, the area of agricultural land for one tractor and the sown area for one machine increased significantly. One of the important problems facing the Ukrainian agriculture is considerable technical, moral and economical wear and tear of the machinery and tractor fleet in households and enterprises.
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Kosolapov, Vladimir Viktorovich, Elena Valentinovna Kosolapova, Denis Nikolaevich Igoshin, Anatoly Nikolaevich Skorokhodov, and Alexander Alekseevich Rudenko. "Virtual Modelling and Laboratory Research of Parameters of Planting Unit’s Working Parts." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 22, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2019-0006.
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Abstract Research relevance is determined by the need of agricultural producers of Nizhny Novgorod Region to increase the profitability of sugar beet cultivation and to reduce seed losses at sowing. Another important factor is optimal energy efficiency of sowing machines, which can be achieved by reducing the draft force input required to operate the working parts. Leading approach to the research of this issue is to conduct a multifactorial laboratory experiment, taking into account several factors that have the greatest influence on the process of interaction of working parts with the soil. Virtual simulation methods were applied with use of Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) FlowVision®(TESIS Group) engineering analysis system, allowing creation of close-to-real controlled conditions. Relationships between the lift angle and the span angle of a duckfoot opener were identified; influence of soil moisture content, speed of working parts and their working depth on draft force input and quality of the formed seedbed was determined with justification of their optimal combination. Presented technology and the planting unit assure the technological process quality, they are of practical value for agricultural and engineering companies, as well as for research institutes for design of modern agricultural machinery.
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Robert, Pierre C. "643 Site-specific Management for the 21st Century." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 558D—558. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.558d.
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The new agricultural system called soil/site specific crop management (SSCM), now more generally named precision agriculture (precision farming) is the start of a revolution in natural resource management based on INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND CONTROL: it is bringing agriculture in the digital and information age. New technologies in the early 80s, particularly the microprocessor, made possible the development in the United States of farm machinery computers and controllers, the electronic acquisition and process of spatial field data to build farm geographic record keeping systems, the production of soil/site specific condition and management maps using GIS, the positioning of machines using GPS, and the development of real-time soil and crop sensors, particularly yield sensors. The concept of precision agriculture originated from a better awareness of soil and crop conditions variability within fields. The variability of soil conditions within parcels in the U.S. has been demonstrated in many ways (soil survey, soil sampling, and remote sensing) for both soil nutrients and soil physical properties (e.g., available water and compaction). It is progressively found that the concept of precision agriculture can be applied to a variety of crops and practices; management technological levels; and farm types and sizes. For example, in addition to grain crops (corn, soybeans, and wheat), applications are now developed for sugar beet and sugar cane, potato, cotton, peanut, vegetables, turf, or- chard, livestock, tree plantation, etc. Precision agriculture is still in infancy but it is the agricultural system of the future because it offers a unique variety of potential benefits in profitability, productivity, sustainability, crop quality, food safety, environmental protection, on-farm quality of life, and rural economic development.
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Rodrigues de Amorim, Fernando, Marco Tulio Ospina Patino, and Sandra Cristina de Oliveira. "PLANTIO MECANIZADO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: DESEMPENHO DE TRÊS PLANTADORAS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 34, no. 3 (September 23, 2019): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2019v34n3p313-322.
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PLANTIO MECANIZADO DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR: DESEMPENHO DE TRÊS PLANTADORAS
FERNANDO RODRIGUES DE AMORIM 1, MARCO TULIO OSPINA PATINO 2, SANDRA CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA 3
1 Departamento de Gestão, Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia,Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia câmpus Tupã, rua: Domingos da Costa Lopes,nº 780, Cep: 17602496, Tupã, São Paulo, Brasil. email: fernandorodriguesdeamorim@yahoo.com.br.
2 Núcleo Interno de Economia e Administração Rural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) (FEAGRI), Av. Cândido Rondon, 501 - Cidade Universitária, Cep:13083-875, Campinas – São Paulo,Brasil.email: marco.ospina@feagri.unicamp.br.
3Departamento de Gestão, Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia,Universidade Estadual Paulista, (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências e Engenharia câmpus Tupã, rua: Domingos da Costa Lopes,nº 780, Cep: 17602496, Tupã, São Paulo, Brasil. email sandra.oliveira@unesp.br.
RESUMO:O plantio mecanizado da cana-de-açúcar aumentou nos últimos anos e embora as perspectivas fossem positivas pela redução de custo e um aproveitamento eficiente da área plantada, a insatisfação pelo desempenho e qualidade do plantio é um tema recorrente dentro do setor envolvendo produtores, acadêmicos e os fabricantes de máquinas agrícolas. O presente estudo analisou o desempenho técnico de três plantadoras de cana com sistemas de plantio diferentes. Os dados foram obtidos em áreas pertencentes a duas usinas e um fornecedor de cana-de-açúcar da região de Ribeirão Preto, com a coleta de dados sendo realizada em 90 pontos aleatórios de uma área de 45 hectares. Os resultados mostraram que a plantadora tradicional com taxa variável alcançou maior desempenho, obtendo o menor consumo de cana-de-açúcar por hectare e os melhores resultados quanto ao limite inferior e superior do número de gemas não danificadas recomendadas para os padrões do plantio mecanizado.
Palavras-chaves:taxa variável, consumo de muda, controle estatístico.
MECHANIZED PLANTING OF SUGAR CANE: TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN THREE PLANTER MACHINES ABSTRACT: The mechanized planting of sugarcane increased in recent years. Although the outlook was positive for cost reduction and efficient utilization of planted area, dissatisfaction with planting efficiency and quality is a recurrent theme within the sector, involving producers, academics and agricultural machine manufacturers. The present study analyzed the technical efficiency of three sugar cane planters with different planting systems. The data were obtained from demonstrations carried out in areas belonging to two factories and a supplier of sugarcane in the region of Ribeirao Preto, State of Sao Paulo, with data collection being performed at 90 random points over an area of 45 hectares. The results showed that the traditional planter with variable rate reached higher efficiency and satisfaction level, obtaining the lowest consumption of sugarcane per hectare and the best results for the minimum and the upper limit of the number of viable buds recommended for the patterns of mechanized planting.
Keywords: variable rate, consumption ofmolt, statistical control
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Ovtov, V. A., A. V. Polikanov, А. А. Orekhov, V. V. Shumaev, and V. M. Gudin. "ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ И КИНЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВАЛЬЦОВОГО ТРАНСПОРТИРУЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА." Niva Povolzh`ia, no. 1(54) (February 19, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36461/np.2020.54.1.018.
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Эффективность выращивания сахарной свеклы зависит от многих факторов, таких как погодные условия, соблюдение технологии, наличие современной техники, своевременное внесение удобрений и качество используемых семян. В настоящее время до 95 семян сахарной свеклы импортируются из-за границы. Модернизация производства, разработка необходимой семеноводческой сельскохозяйственной техники приобретает актуальное значение. Задача обеспечения полностью автоматизированной технологической цепочки от выборки маточников сахарной свеклы из бункера до их посадки в современных посадочных машинах на данный момент полностью не решена. В статье рассмотрены теоретические исследования геометрических и кинематических параметров вальцов, имеющих винтовую навивку с переменным шагом при транспортировании маточников сахарной свеклы к высаживающему аппарату. Полученные результаты проведенных исследований позволяют обосновывать геометрические и кинематические параметры вальцового транспортирующего устройства при заданной норме посадки маточников сахарной свеклы и, тем самым, полностью механизировать процесс посадки маточников сахарной свеклы.The effectiveness of growing sugar beet depends on many factors, such as weather conditions, technology compliance, the availability of modern machinery, timely fertilization and the quality of the seeds used. Currently, up to 95 of sugar beet seeds are imported from abroad. The modernization of production, the development of the necessary seed-growing agricultural machinery is becoming of current importance. The task of providing a fully automated technological chain from the selection of sugar beet mother root crops from the hopper to their planting in modern planting machines has not yet been completely solved. The article considers theoretical studies of the geometric and kinematic parameters of rollers having screw winding with variable pitch during transportation of sugar beet mother root crops to the planting unit. The obtained results allow to justify the geometric and kinematic parameters of the roller transporting device for a given planting rate of sugar beet mother root crops and, thereby, fully mechanize the process of their planting.