Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sugar Industrial Waste water

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sugar Industrial Waste water'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Hakim, H. M. A., W. Supartono, M. Ainuri, and J. N. W. Karyadi. "Hydrothermal pretreatment optimization of hemicellulose dissolution of sugar palm starch industrial waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (2022): 012077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012077.

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Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source containing three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The three main components can be processed into products that have high added value. Sources of lignocellulosic biomass includes wood, grass, industrial waste, and agricultural residu. Compared to other source, industrial wastes have a higher potential to be utilized without competition for other needs and assist industry in waste treatment. The production of sugar palm starch generate biomass waste which is disposed into the environment which disturbs the surrounding community and is not utilized. To utilize lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment is a very important step. Hydrothermal is an environmentally friendly pretreatment, without using harmful chemicals in the process. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of solubility of hemicellulose in the hydrothermal pretreatment process of sugar palm starch industrial waste. The hydrothermal method used is liquid hot water with temperature and time parameters, optimization analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The result obtained is that the liquid hot water pretreatment method is effective in dissolving the hemicellulose from the sugar palm starch industrial waste. The relationship between variables on hemiselulosa response is modeled Y = 7.7-3.04 X1 – 5.67X2 + 0.4250 X1X2 + 1.06 X1 2 + 3.61 X2 2. The optimization results showed the optimum temperature at 195.91°C for 36.725 minutes, with a hemicellulose dissolution of 81.59% and the level of desirability is 0.852.
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P.Priya, darshini* J.Sharpudin. "BIOREMEDIATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL WASTE WATER USING BACTERIAL ISOLATES." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 5 (2016): 173–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.51015.

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Bioremediation is a treatment that uses naturally occurring organisms to break down hazardous substances into less toxic or non toxic substances. The microbes are effective in control of pollution due to waste water. The industrial and municipal waste water is analyzed for different Physico-Chemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, TDS, BOD, COD, Total Alkalinity, Chlorides. The collected waste water samples were serially diluted and pour plated on Nutrient Agar medium and incubated at 37˚c for 24 hours. Among 12 bacterial isolates, 4 isolates namely Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed high reduction in BOD&COD in selected waste water sample.The results shows that the COD is removed maximum by Bacillus cereus in textile and sugar mill waste water about 62.88% an 51.7% respectively and 74.21 % removal by Escherichia coli  in municipal waste water. The maximum removal of BOD is 82.83% in municipal waste water by Bacillus subtilis. Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus removed 80.83% and 77.77 % respectively.  
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Azimova, Durdona, Dilnoza Salikhanova, Gulmira Nomozova, Izzat Eshmetov, and Uktam Temirov. "Treatment of waste water contaminated with iron ions on the basis of activated defecate." E3S Web of Conferences 377 (2023): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337703005.

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The results of the analysis of the waste water of the industrial enterprise containing iron ions and the analysis of these iron ions on the basis of defecate is being as a local sugar production waste are presented. In the analysis, laboratory tests were conducted for wastewater treatment using samples of the sugar production waste activated at different temperatures. The information on the results of the analysis of the dependences on the activation temperature of the defecate, the stirring time, and the amount of weight added defecate to in order to remove of iron ions from the waste water is presented.
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Singh, Gulab, Anish Kumari, Arpana Mittal, Anita Yadav та Neeraj K. Aggarwal. "Polyβ-Hydroxybutyrate Production byBacillus subtilisNG220 Using Sugar Industry Waste Water". BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/952641.

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The production of polyβ-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) byBacillus subtilisNG220 was observed utilizing the sugar industry waste water supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources. At a growth rate of 0.14 g h−1 L−1, using sugar industry waste water was supplemented with maltose (1% w/v) and ammonium sulphate (1% w/v); the isolate produced 5.297 g/L of polyβ-hydroxybutyrate accumulating 51.8% (w/w) of biomass. The chemical nature of the polymer was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and GC-MS spectroscopy whereas thermal properties were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry. In biodegradability study, when PHB film of the polymer (made by traditional solvent casting technique) was subjected to degradation in various natural habitats like soil, compost, and industrial sludge, it was completely degraded after 30 days in the compost having 25% (w/w) moisture. So, the present study gives insight into dual benefits of conversion of a waste material into value added product, PHB, and waste management.
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Muguirrima, Paulino, Nicolau Chirinza, Federico A. Leon Zerpa, Sebastian Ovidio Perez Baez, and Carlos Alberto Mendieta Pino. "Sizing a System for Treating Effluents from the Mozambique Sugar Cane Company." Sustainability 16, no. 19 (2024): 8334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16198334.

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The sugar industry must be managed in a manner that encourages innovation with regard to the waste generated throughout the process. The organic load of sugar mill waste is high, as is its potential to pollute water bodies at various stages of the production process, including cooling bearings, mills, sugar cane washing, bagasse waste and cleaning products. It is therefore necessary to identify treatment mechanisms that not only reduce this waste but also return purer water to the environment, combining the reuse of water in various applications. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the physical and chemical properties of the effluents generated and the principal treatment technologies employed for the remediation of industrial wastewater from sugar factories. The wastewater from Mozambique’s sugar mills has high levels of dissolved or suspended solids, organic matter, pressed mud, bagasse and atmospheric pollutants. The BOD/COD ratio is low (<2.5), indicating the need for secondary treatment or, more specifically, biological treatment. This can be achieved through humid systems built from stabilization ponds, with the resulting water suitable for reuse in agricultural irrigation. In this work, an educational proposal has been developed for engineering students where they learn to calculate and optimize, among other parameters, the natural wastewater treatment and compare it with a conventional wastewater treatment.
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Bezpala, Anastasiia, Anastasiia Shapoval, Denys Savailo, Anastasiia Demydova, and Olena Piven. "SUGAR PRODUCTION WASTE AND THEIR RATIONAL USE." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 3(21) (October 8, 2024): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2024.03.03.

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In the process of processing agricultural crops, a large amount of waste is generated. Most of them can be used as sources of energy, fertilizers, feed ingredients, raw materials for food, pharmaceutical and other industries, etc. Thus, one of the most promising directions for the development of the agro-processing sector of Ukraine is the implementation of waste transformation technologies into products with high added value. The production of sugar from sugar beets is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of various lignocellulosic wastes, the disposal of which constitutes a major environmental problem. In order to formulate further ways of implementing resource-saving beet sugar production technologies, promising methods of using its waste were studied in detail. The article presents the methods of valorization of sugar production due to the use of molasses, beet tops, and pomace. The development of the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine will be related to the bioprocessing of various wastes, biotechnological methods today are a powerful way to increase the profitability of many food industries, including sugar. A separate important problem of reducing the burden on the environment is the development of technologies for the use of renewable energy sources, the article shows the perspective of using sugar production waste as a source of clean, efficient technologies for obtaining energy, valuable chemicals, including biofuel. The possibility of obtaining ethyl alcohol, food acids, enzymes, protein, baker's yeast, pectin, food additives, biofertilizers, valuable feed components, etc. on the basis of sugar waste has been demonstrated. Some recent research on water purification using hydrogels and photocatalysts, as well as bioplastics based on beet pulp is highlighted. All these technologies are based on the ability of sugar production wastes to ferment quite easily with the formation of a large variety of final and by-products, most of which are useful in various types of human activities. An economic assessment of the feasibility of implementing these technologies with a view to Ukrainian realities requires a more detailed study.
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Weesakul, Uruya, Thant Paing Htun, Ali Ejaz, Phromphat Thansirichaisree, and Qudeer Hussain. "Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete with Industrial Waste Ash." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 6 (2024): 18042–47. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.8671.

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This study investigates the performance of concrete incorporating various recycled fine aggregates, including recycled brick aggregates, Fly Ash (FA), and Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA). The test results showed that the mechanical properties were adversely affected when utilizing recycled brick or concrete aggregates, whereas FA or SCBA enhanced them. The water absorption potential of recycled bricks was proportional to the reduction in mechanical properties. FA and SCBA enhanced compressive strength and increased flexural strength up to 175.72% and 225.51%, respectively, at 20% replacement. The inclusion of recycled brick and concrete aggregates raised water absorption, while FA and SCBA significantly lowered it, improving the overall performance.
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Umachagi, Sunil, Mahantesh N. Paruti, and Miryala Vijayakumar. "A New Approach to Single Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell for Procreation of Bioenergy in the Treatment of Sugar and Dairy Wastewater." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 19573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19573ecst.

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Pollution of water, waste disposal, and their management is big problem faced by the world today. Industrial waste, agricultural waste, and household waste are best substrates for energy generation. India is one of the leading producers of sugar and dairy products in the world. These industries discharge a bulk amount of wastewater per day without proper treatment during working seasons. Sugar and dairy industry wastewater has high COD and BOD, which is hazardous for aquatic life and human use also. MFC have earned importance in the last few decades due to its ability to generate bioelectricity from all renewable sources, Most of the MFCs have been used to treat different kinds of wastewater, such as sugar, dairy, brewery, domestic wastewater, distillery, rice mill, paper and pulp, swine wastewater, etc.
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Shakar, Ghanshyam, Bhumika Das, and Brijesh Patel. "Chemical Analysis of Surface Water of Raipur, Chhattisgarh to Evaluate The Consequences of Industrial Effluents." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 13, no. 02 (2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v13i02.10.

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According to current estimates, industrial effluent discharge has contaminated around one-third of INDIA’s water, solid waste, and other hazardous waste.The bulk of these defaulting industries are petrochemicals, sugar mills, distilleries, leather processing industries, paper mills, agrochemical and pesticide manufacturing sectors, and pharmaceutical businesses.For these industries, surface water is the major waste disposal method.Untreated or ostensibly treated effluents have raised the quantity of surface water pollution by up to 20 times the acceptable limit in 22 seriously polluted locations throughout the world. Almost all water bodies in INDIAwas found to be contaminated by industrial activity. Although the strict guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB) apply to all industries in India, the current state of the environment is far from ideal.
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Da Silva, Tulane Rodrigues, Daiane Cecchin, Afonso Rangel Garcez De Azevedo, et al. "Soil-cement blocks: a sustainable alternative for the reuse of industrial solid waste." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Ambientais 56, no. 4 (2021): 673–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z21769478956.

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This study aimed to analyze potential industrial solid waste that can be added to soil-cement blocks. A narrative literature review was conducted in the Scopus academic database, using as the search criteria keywords related to the topic, such as soil-cement, building materials, soil-cement blocks, soil-cement bricks, physical and mechanical properties, solid waste, life cycle analysis, and civil construction. A variety of industrial solid waste that can be incorporated into soil-cement blocks was observed, such as waste rock, sludge from water treatment plants, wood sawdust, polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET), vegetable fibers from loofah, hemp fibers, rice husks, brachiaria grass, poultry eggshells, sugar cane bagasse, wheat and barley straw, welding slag, foundry sand, waste from quartzite mining, construction, and demolition, mechanical turning, pulp industry grains, and steel mill co-products. Among the investigated wastes, those that improved the physical and mechanical properties of the soil-cement blocks were grains from the cellulose industry, rice husks, Brachiaria grass, steel by-products with granulated soil-cement blocks and blast furnace slag. The waste that produced no satisfactory results was sludge from a water treatment plant, sugarcane bagasse, and vegetable loofah. Through this research, it was possible to verify that the behavior of soil-cement blocks is influenced by several factors in their manufacture, mainly regarding the type and percentage of incorporated waste. However, it is important to be concerned with its application in waste blocks so as not to increase the environmental impacts in the long term.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Tanner, Rene Michelle 1963. "Food chain organisms in industrial waste water ponds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192096.

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The following thesis research examined the algae and invertebrates making up a food chain in two, hypersaline, industrial waste water ponds at the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station in Phoenix, Arizona. The ponds had high levels of total salts (65 g/I, mainly NaC1), nitrate (580 mg/1), BOD (31.6 mg/1) and algae (up to 650,000 cells/m1). Currently, the only toxic element of concern is selenium (1641 IA g/ 1) . The dominant algae were the diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and Nitzschia frustulum (Kurtz.) Grun. and the cyanobacteria, Synechococcus Nageli 1849. The only aquatic fauna were two invertebrates: Artemia sp. (brine shrimp) and Trichocorixa sp. (water boatmen). A salinity tolerance experiment on algae indicated that the current dominant species will not persist above 150 g/I salt, hence the ponds, which are not expected to reach this salininity for many years, will continue to support a food chain and attract waterfowl as the mineral content increases.
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Benjathapanum, Nunthika. "Artificial intelligence applications in waste water monitoring for industrial purposes." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294426.

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Madiraju, Saisantosh Vamshi Harsha. "COLOR REMOVAL AND TREATMENT OF DYE AND SUGAR WASTE WATER USING LOW COST ADSORBENTS." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1530272885958543.

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Kam, Kwok-hang Dave. "Review on the industrial wastewater management in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945437.

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Ko, Chi-ho. "A study of industrial waste water treatment and the feasibility of recycling /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17457749.

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Ko, Chi-ho, and 高志浩. "A study of industrial waste water treatment and the feasibility of recycling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253398.

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Ayesha, Sadia. "Impact of industrial waste water on the environment: case study : Kot Lukh Put Industrial Estate, Lahore,Pakistan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260998.

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Corden, Thomas Joseph. "Development of design and manufacturing techniques for glass reinforced plastic waste water treatment equipment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339665.

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Menzli, Slim. "WATER FOOTPRINT OF AVIATION FUEL SYNTHESIS BY THE FISCHER TROPSCH PROCESS USING SUGAR CANE WASTE & LANDFILL GAS AS FEEDSTOCKS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4018.

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The recent spikes in oil prices have spurred an already bullish demand on biofuels as a source of alternative energy. However, the unprecedented price records set simultaneously by staple food have raised high concerns about potential impacts of biofuels on the global agricultural landscape as fuel and food markets are being inextricably coupled. The revival of interest in the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process comes into full force since it offers a promising way to produce carbon-neutral liquid fuels which are readily usable with today's existing infrastructure. The FT synthesis offers the possibility of using crop waste as feedstock instead of the crop itself thus avoiding the risk of further straining water and land resources while helping to alleviate the national energy bill and to achieve independence from foreign oil. As the airline industry is the hardest-hit sector with fuel jumping ahead of labor as the primary cost item, this thesis investigates the prospects of the FT process to transform sugar cane waste (namely bagasse, tops and green leaves) and landfill gas in order to produce kerosene (C12H26) as jet fuel for civil aviation. Established chemical correlations and thermodynamics of chemical reactions are used to assess the water footprint inherent to kerosene production using the above feedstocks at optimal conditions of temperature, pressure, catalyst and reactor type. It has been estimated that 9 to 19 gallons of water are needed for every gallon of kerosene produced. In addition, for the case of sugar cane, less land area per unit energy is required compared to ethanol production since all non-food waste of the plant can be used to produce FT fuel as opposed to ethanol which would utilize only the sugar (food) portion of the plant. This translates into a much lower water footprint for irrigation and consequently a lower water footprint overall.<br>M.S.M.E.<br>Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering;<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Mechanical Engineering MSME
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Wallace, Trevor Haig. "Biological Treatment of a Synthetic Dye Water and an Industrial Textile Wastewater Containing Azo Dye Compounds." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34115.

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In this research, the ability of anaerobic and aerobic biological sludges to reduce and stabilize azo dye compounds was studied. Synthetic dye solutions and an industrial textile wastewater were both treated using anaerobic and aerobic biomass, separately and in sequential step-treatment processes. The primary objective was to reduce the wastewater color to an intensity that complies with the Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit level. This level is set at 300 American Dye Manufactures Institute (ADMI) units. Further objectives were to achieve reductions in the total kjehdal nitrogen (TKN) and total organic carbon (TOC) in the wastewater. Anaerobic and aerobic treatment systems were both effective in reducing the wastewater color; however, anaerobic treatment generally produced the greatest color removal. Anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment provided the best reductions in ADMI color, TKN and TOC. Anaerobic/aerobic/anaerobic/aerobic (ANA/AER/ANA/AER) sequential step-treatment did not yield greater reductions in ADMI color, TKN, or TOC as compared to ANA/AER sequential step-treatment.<br>Master of Science
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Books on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Eckenfelder, William Wesley. Industrial water pollution control. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, 1989.

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(Mira), Petrović M., and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Emerging Contaminants from Industrial and Municipal Waste: Removal Technologies. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.

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Stronach, S. M. Anaerobic digestion processes in industrial waste-water treatment. Springer-Verlag, 1986.

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Hans-Günter, Heitmann, ed. Saline water processing: Desalination and treatment of seawater, brackish water, and industrial waste water. VCH, 1990.

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1941-, Gupta I. C., Joshi D. C. 1943-, and Kumar D, eds. Industrial waste waters and environmental pollution. Scientific Publishers (India), 2000.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, ed. Guide for industrial waste management: Building partnerships, protecting ground water, surface water, air. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 1999.

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S, Sefidpour, Science Applications International Corporation, and Electric Power Research Institute, eds. Separation and concentration technologies for industrial wastewater treatment. Electric Power Research Insitute, 1989.

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Shah, Maulin P., ed. Genomics of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Industrial Waste Water Treatment. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44618-4.

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Pargal, Sheoli. Inspections and emissions in India: Puzzling survey evidence on industrial water pollution. World Bank, Development Research Group, 1997.

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Division, Alberta Environmental Sciences. Industrial release limits policy. Alberta Environment, Environmental Sciences Division, Environmental Services, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Industrial Waste Water." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6284.

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Kumar, Arun, and Jay Shankar Singh. "Distillery and Sugar Mill Wastewater." In Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429298080-6.

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Ledon, Henry J. "Ozone for Waste Remediation and Waste Water Treatment." In Industrial Environmental Chemistry. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2320-2_14.

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Fresenius, W., W. Schneider, B. Böhnke, and K. Pöppinghaus. "Conditions for the Disposal of Industrial and Municipal Waste Water and Sludges." In Waste Water Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52278-9_5.

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Seckler, M. M., O. S. L. Bruinsma, and G. M. van Rosmalen. "Phosphate Removal from Waste Water." In Calcium Phosphates in Biological and Industrial Systems. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5517-9_20.

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Sallach, Robert C., John W. Olver, Paul R. Jenkins, and Douglas B. Hudgins. "Treatment and Reuse of Pharmaceutical Process Water." In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-38.

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Thamaraiselvi, C., A. Ancy Jenifer, and Muthunarayanan Vasanthy. "Coagulation Performance Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Coagulants for the Treatment of Sugar Wash." In Waste Water Recycling and Management. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2619-6_5.

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Malliga, P., N. Geetha, and G. Jenifer. "Bio-fertigation of Different Industrial Waste." In Biorefinery for Water and Wastewater Treatment. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20822-5_16.

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Suri, Rominder P. S., Michael R. Paraskewich, and Qibin Zhang. "Removal of Organic Contaminants from Water Using Sonolysis." In Hazardous and Industrial Waste Proceedings. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075905-41.

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Kumar, Arun, and Jay Shankar Singh. "Microalgal Biomass: An Opportunity for Sustainable Industrial Production." In Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation. CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429298080-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Mthembu, B. T., B. T. Mncwango, and O. A. Olanrewaju. "Exploring Supply Chain Efficiency: Unravelling Root Causes of Waste in Sugar Refining Operations." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem62345.2024.10857141.

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Sakalova, Halyna, Taras Titov, Dmytro Mariin, Anna Kulyk, and Oksana Valchuk. "Improvement of Technologies of Biogas Production from Plant Waste." In 8th International Congress "Environment Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-iet4m4.

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The research was performed with the aim of obtaining new data on effective methanogenesis during the fermentation of sugar production waste with the addition of lignocellulosic raw materials. Amaranth crops of different varieties were used as raw materials. After analyzing the component composition of fresh amaranth and dry raw materials according to standard methods, the samples were subjected to microbiological processing in the presence of an enzyme preparation in laboratory and industrial conditions. It was determined that when using the vegetative mass of amaranth plants with waste from sugar production in the processes of methanogenesis, the yield of biogas and its caloric content increase.
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Blake, N. R., and C. M. Stuart. "Industrial Applications of Waste Minimization through Water Recycle and Reuse." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93649.

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Abstract Decreasing water supplies and increasing regulations force industry to examine water reuse more closely. Decisions to pursue a water recycle and reuse project are based on many pieces of information. New practices are being considered not only for economic and environmental reasons, but also from an operational point of view; treating water for reuse increases plant control over water quality. Organic and inorganic contamination can pose problems during water reuse. Common treatment methods such as precipitation, used alone, are not always adequate to meet new requirements imposed by recycle considerations. Destructive treatment technologies and separation techniques offer new ways to meet the technical challenges of changing regulations and water reuse. A critical first step in developing a water recycle strategy is a water audit including analysis of available water sources and defining customer and overall plant goals. This is typically followed by evaluation of potential treatment technologies, laboratory treatability studies and pilot testing. Process modeling is also used to shorten development time, and optimize processes. Case studies show the use of various destructive and separation treatment methods to achieve water recycle and reuse in industry.
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Sandoval, A. "An Application for Treating Semiconductor Manufacturing Industrial Waste Water to EPA Drinking Water Standards." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99367.

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Abstract In 1996, the City of Chandler Industrial Process Waste Treatment Facility (IPWTF) began operating. As of January 1999, the facility had treated and recharged over 600 million gallons (2.3x10^9 L) of treated industrial waste water into local aquifers. The Chandler IPWTF accepts and treats industrial waste water from a nearby semiconductor manufacturing facility. This paper discusses the challenges this facility has faced since startup and how it has managed to overcome the effects of its diverse feed stream.
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Korchuganova, Olena, Viktoriya Mokhonko, Eduard Potapenko, Krystyna Kanarova, Anastasiia Novikova, and Rafael Luque. "On Obtaining Nanomaterials from Industrial Waste." In 8th International Congress "Environment Protection. Energy Saving. Sustainable Environmental Management". Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-6vred7.

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A large number of critical raw materials are heavy metals. Heavy metals can be part of industrial waste and used to produce high-quality products. For the processing of industrial waste into nanosized materials, it is proposed to use the following directions: - conversion of waste into products with different quality requirements; - regeneration of waste to restore their consumer properties; - use of waste generated as a by-product of the process to create another product with unique properties. Successful examples of processing are given: spent iron-chromium catalyst into iron oxide pigment, water treatment waste into calcium nitrate and calcium carbonate, spent aluminum-nickel catalyst into aluminum-nickel catalyst. The resulting solid products have nanosized particles, which ensured their quality indicators.
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Williams, Terry M., and Heather R. McGinley. "Deactivation of Industrial Water Treatment Biocides." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10049.

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Abstract Industrial biocides are used for microbial control in a variety of industrial water systems including, cooling, paper, oilfield, and membrane applications. Biocide treatment programs are typically designed to provide optimal results based on environmental conditions, regulatory needs, efficacy, and cost. An important area of concern relating to biocide use is discharge of the treated effluent (ex., blowdown) into waste treatment systems or natural waters. Regulatory requirements also impact the amount of biocide that may be released. In many cases, the biocide must be effectively deactivated or neutralized prior to discharge of the effluent. This paper will provide a review of the specific methods for deactivating the various oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides commonly used today. Examples of lab and field data will be presented.
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Prasad, K. V. S., T. Gavaskar, G. Ravivarman, P. Chinniah, Sophia S, and Sathyakala S. "Enhanced Feedback Residual Attention Network with Slanted Scarce Auto-Encoder and IoT Based Industrial Waste Water Treatment System for Effective Waste Management." In 2025 International Conference on Multi-Agent Systems for Collaborative Intelligence (ICMSCI). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmsci62561.2025.10894123.

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Stuart, Christine M. "Maintaining Cooling Water System Performance Using Recycled Water." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93457.

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Abstract Recycling waste water to cooling towers frequently influences treatment performance. Important considerations include water quality, system dynamics, and program selection. Plants implementing waste water reuse strategies involving recycle to a cooling tower continues to increase. Conventional wisdom dictates the use of ground or surface water for cooling tower make-up, but water shortages and regulatory concerns drive industry to study reuse options. Industrial and municipal waste streams provide industry with previously untapped resources. These streams may contain constituents such as organics, sulfides, ammonia and metals. Contaminant type and concentration will mandate recycle potential and any necessary stream pretreatment. Processes such as reverse osmosis, side-stream softening, oxidation, and ion exchange may be required. Problem components may also influence cooling water treatment selection. System dynamics that must be reviewed in any recycle program include metallurgy, holding time index (HTI), and velocity. Due to the existence of contaminants in recycled water, tower control and program performance monitoring is of paramount importance. Case studies are presented which discuss these topics.
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Manea-Saghin, Ana-Maria, Mihai Lesnic, and Irina Meghea. "CURRENT ASPECTS CONCERNING QUANTIFICATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE FROM WATER SOURCES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.09.

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As a result of increasing water consumption by pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and the population, large volumes of liquids discharges containing pharmaceutical compounds have been generated worldwide. Even though there is a consistent contribution on the sustainable management of these contaminants, the efforts to reduce this pollution are progressing on a rather small scale. Such pollutants can be introduced into water-receiving bodies either directly, through animal and human excretions, or through unregulated disposal and anthropogenic activities, resulting in their presence in small amounts in aqueous systems. Even if they are in small amounts these classes of contaminants are persistent or partially degraded during treatment processes and thus may cause adverse effects on human and animal health as a result of bioaccumulation. This paper summarizes the main aspects referring to quantification of pharmaceutical waste from both drinkable and industrial waters in order to provide efficient solutions to counteract their negative impact on environment and human health.
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Roothaan, E. Susan, Gordon I. Townsend, and Jeff Voorhis. "Industrial Case Studies of Water Conservation and Reuse in Texas." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99371.

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Abstract Many innovative water conservation and reuse techniques are currently available and have proven highly effective for not only conserving water, but also reducing waste, and saving money. Identifying these options is a key concern for today’s environmental and process engineer as they can simplify regulatory requirements, reduce disposal and treatment costs, and conserve raw materials. This paper approaches water conservation technologies from a process perspective. A general process analysis approach is presented, followed by specific case studies from businesses in Texas and the border states of Mexico. Simple water conservation methods, such as the use of spring loaded or solenoid shut-off valves are discussed, as well as more advanced techniques such as automated process control, process water reuse, and rain water collection. In addition, methods to conserve water in cleaning and degreasing, electroplating, and coating operations are presented.
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Reports on the topic "Sugar Industrial Waste water"

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Name, No. Recycled water reuse permit renewal application for the materials and fuels complex industrial waste ditch and industrial waste pond. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167540.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing, Leor Eshed-Williams, Tamara Polubesova, and Jason Unrine. DOM affected behavior of manufactured nanoparticles in soil-plant system. United States Department of Agriculture, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604286.bard.

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The overall goal of this project was to elucidate the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil retention, bioavailability and plant uptake of silver and cerium oxide NPs. The environmental risks of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are attracting increasing attention from both industrial and scientific communities. These NPs have shown to be taken-up, translocated and bio- accumulated in plant edible parts. However, very little is known about the behavior of NPs in soil-plant system as affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus DOM effect on NPs behavior is critical to assessing the environmental fate and risks related to NP exposure. Carbon-based nanomaterials embedded with metal NPs demonstrate a great potential to serve as catalyst and disinfectors. Hence, synthesis of novel carbon-based nanocomposites and testing them in the environmentally relevant conditions (particularly in the DOM presence) is important for their implementation in water purification. Sorption of DOM on Ag-Ag₂S NPs, CeO₂ NPs and synthesized Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotubebifunctional composite has been studied. High DOM concentration (50mg/L) decreased the adsorptive and catalytic efficiencies of all synthesized NPs. Recyclable Ag-Fe₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite exhibited excellent catalytic and anti-bacterial action, providing complete reduction of common pollutants and inactivating gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria at environmentally relevant DOM concentrations (5-10 mg/L). Our composite material may be suitable for water purification ranging from natural to the industrial waste effluents. We also examined the role of maize (Zeamays L.)-derived root exudates (a form of DOM) and their components on the aggregation and dissolution of CuONPs in the rhizosphere. Root exudates (RE) significantly inhibited the aggregation of CuONPs regardless of ionic strength and electrolyte type. With RE, the critical coagulation concentration of CuONPs in NaCl shifted from 30 to 125 mM and the value in CaCl₂ shifted from 4 to 20 mM. This inhibition was correlated with molecular weight (MW) of RE fractions. Higher MW fraction (&gt; 10 kDa) reduced the aggregation most. RE also significantly promoted the dissolution of CuONPs and lower MW fraction (&lt; 3 kDa) RE mainly contributed to this process. Also, Cu accumulation in plant root tissues was significantly enhanced by RE. This study provides useful insights into the interactions between RE and CuONPs, which is of significance for the safe use of CuONPs-based antimicrobial products in agricultural production. Wheat root exudates (RE) had high reducing ability to convert Ag+ to nAg under light exposure. Photo-induced reduction of Ag+ to nAg in pristine RE was mainly attributed to the 0-3 kDa fraction. Quantification of the silver species change over time suggested that Cl⁻ played an important role in photoconversion of Ag+ to nAg through the formation and redox cycling of photoreactiveAgCl. Potential electron donors for the photoreduction of Ag+ were identified to be reducing sugars and organic acids of low MW. Meanwhile, the stabilization of the formed particles was controlled by both low (0-3 kDa) and high (&gt;3 kDa) MW molecules. This work provides new information for the formation mechanism of metal nanoparticles mediated by RE, which may further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycling and toxicity of heavy metal ions in agricultural and environmental systems. Copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuSNPs) at 1:1 and 1:4 ratios of Cu and S were synthesized, and their respective antifungal efficacy was evaluated against the pathogenic activity of Gibberellafujikuroi(Bakanae disease) in rice (Oryza sativa). In a 2-d in vitro study, CuS decreased G. fujikuroiColony- Forming Units (CFU) compared to controls. In a greenhouse study, treating with CuSNPs at 50 mg/L at the seed stage significantly decreased disease incidence on rice while the commercial Cu-based pesticide Kocide 3000 had no impact on disease. Foliar-applied CuONPs and CuS (1:1) NPs decreased disease incidence by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively, which outperformed CuS (1:4) NPs (15%) and Kocide 3000 (12.5%). CuS (1:4) NPs also modulated the shoot salicylic acid (SA) and Jasmonic acid (JA) production to enhance the plant defense mechanisms against G. fujikuroiinfection. These results are useful for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nano-enabled strategies while minimizing their environmental impact, and advance our understanding of the defense mechanisms triggered by the NPs presence in plants.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions &amp; Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Muñoz Chávez, Anyi Milena, Lina Marcela Cárdenas Cleves, Luis Fernando Marmolejo Rebellón, Dagoberto Angulo, Norberto Estrada, and Jaiber Amaya. Community-based Management of Used Cooking Oil for its Sistainable Use and Valorisation. Universidad del Valle, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/policy-briefs.pb.12-eng.

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Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a waste product from food preparation whose physicochemical characteristics change during the cooking process, making it unfit for human consumption; additionally, its inadequate management affects water resources, soil, fauna and public health. Its management is usually regulated for generators that carry out industrial, commercial and service activities, including basic duties for the residential sector, oriented towards its collection and delivery to storage sites, not usually accessible to all households. This Policy Brief proposes the incorporation of individual and collective community management of UCO as an opportunity to ensure the proper handling of this waste at the place of generation and proposes a series of recommendations to foster this practice. This approach reduces the costs of UCO management, avoids the disposal of this type of waste in the surrounding areas and increases the possibility of achieving its transformation into a new product with added value for the communities where it is generated.
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Einarsson, Rasmus. Nitrogen in the food system. TABLE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/2fa45626.

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Nitrogen (N) plays a dual role in the agri-food system: it is an essential nutrient for all life forms, yet also an environmental pollutant causing a range of environmental and human health impacts. As the plant nutrient needed in greatest quantities, and as a building block of proteins and other biomolecules, N is a necessary part of all life. In the last century, an enormous increase of N turnover in the agri-food system has enabled increasing per-capita food supply for a growing world population, but as an unintended side effect, N pollution has increased to levels widely agreed in science and policy to be far beyond sustainable limits. There is no such thing as perfectly circular N supply. Losses of N to the environment inevitably arise as N is transformed and used in the food system, for example in soil processes, in manure storage, and in fertilizer application. This lost N must be replaced by ‘new’ N, which is N converted to bioavailable forms from the vast atmospheric pool of unreactive dinitrogen (N2). New N comes mainly as synthetic N fertilizer and through a process known as biological N fixation (BNF). In addition, there is a large internal flow of recycled N in the food system, mainly in the form of livestock excreta. This recirculated N, however, is internal to the food system and cannot make up for the inevitable losses of N. The introduction of synthetic N fertilizer during the 20th century revolutionized the entire food system. The industrial production of synthetic N fertilizer was a revolution for agricultural systems because it removed the natural constraint of N scarcity. Given sufficient energy, synthetic N fertilizer can be produced in limitless quantities from atmospheric dinitrogen (N2). This has far-reaching consequences for the whole agri-food system. The annual input of synthetic N fertilizer today is more than twice the annual input of new N in pre-industrial agriculture. Since 1961, increased N input has enabled global output of both crop and livestock products to roughly triple. During the same time period, total food-system N emissions to the environment have also more than tripled. Livestock production is responsible for a large majority of agricultural N emissions. Livestock consume about three-quarters of global cropland N output and are thereby responsible for a similar share of cropland N emissions to air and water. In addition, N emissions from livestock housing and manure management systems contribute a substantial share of global N emissions to air. There is broad political agreement that global N emissions from agriculture should be reduced by about 50%. High-level policy targets of the EU and of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity are for a 50% reduction in N emissions. These targets are in line with a large body of research assessing what would be needed to stay within acceptable limits as regards ecosystem change and human health impacts. In the absence of dietary change towards less N-intensive diets, N emissions from food systems could be reduced by about 30%, compared to business-as-usual scenarios. This could be achieved by implementing a combination of technical measures, improved management practices, improved recycling of wasted N (including N from human excreta), and spatial optimization of agriculture. Human dietary change, especially in the most affluent countries, offers a huge potential for reducing N emissions from food systems. While many of the world’s poor would benefit nutritionally from increasing their consumption of nutrient-rich animal-source foods, many other people consume far more nutrients than is necessary and could reduce consumption of animal-source food by half without any nutritional issues. Research shows that global adoption of healthy but less N-polluting diets might plausibly cut future food-system N losses by 10–40% compared to business-as-usual scenarios. There is no single solution for solving the N challenge. Research shows that efficiency improvements and food waste reductions will almost certainly be insufficient to reach agreed environmental targets. To reach agreed targets, it seems necessary to also shift global average food consumption onto a trajectory with less animal-source food.
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Radioactive and industrial waste water collection system study, Phase I. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10196579.

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Geophysical and chemical investigations of ground water at five industrial or waste-disposal sites in Logan Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey, 1983-87. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri904004.

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Assessment and development of an industrial wet oxidation system for burning waste and low upgrade fuels. Final report, Phase 2B: Pilot demonstration of the MODAR supercritical water oxidation process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10141159.

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