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1
Rinalda, Christiana, Taufik Eko Nugroho, Lusiana Batubara, and Asih Budiastuti. "MELATONIN CAN NOT SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS." DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro) 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v10i4.29491.
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AbstractBackground: Burn are trauma that can cause local and systemic damage including hypermetabolism, inflammation, and hyperglicemia. Stress Induced Hyperglycemia (SIH) occurs by increasing gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance. Both of these are mediated through an increase in regulated stress hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Melatonin has been proposed as a burn supportive therapy that may prevent oxidative damage and inhibit excessive inflammatory responses.Aim: Proving the effects of melatonin supplementation on blood glucose level in male Wistar rats with burn injury.Methods: This research was an experimental with randomized control group pre-post test design. Twelve healthy male Wistar rats were included and divided into two groups, control and experimental group. Each rat was induced 30% burn injury under anesthesia. Rats in control group were given placebo, while rats in experimental group were treated with melatonin i.p at 0, 8 and 16 hours after burn injury. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital sinuses at 0, 3, and 24 hours. Data were analyzed statistically by Paired t-Test and Independent t-Test. Results: In male Wistar rats with third degree burns given placebo, blood sugar levels significantly increase in 0-3 hours (p=0.006) and 0-24 hours (p=0.037). Meanwhile, in male Wistar rats with third degree burns given melatonin, blood sugar levels did not change significantly in 0-3 hours (p=0.470), 0-24 hours (p=0.286), dan 3-24 hours (p=0.833). Conclusions: Melatonin administration can not significantly reduce blood sugar levels.Keywords: Burn, burn injury, blood glucose level, melatonin.
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Qazi, Hilal A., Pinnamaneni Srinivasa Rao, Akanksha Kashikar, Penna Suprasanna, and Sujata Bhargava. "Alterations in stem sugar content and metabolism in sorghum genotypes subjected to drought stress." Functional Plant Biology 41, no. 9 (2014): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp13299.
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Changes in stem sugar concentrations due to drought stress at the early reproductive stage were studied in seven sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes that differ in their stem sugar storage ability. Total sap sugar concentration increased in most genotypes. ANOVA showed a significant contribution of genotype and treatment to the variation in sugar levels. Two genotypes showed little variation in total sugar levels at the fifth internode from the peduncle and five genotypes showed significant increases in total sugar levels under drought; these groups were used to compare sugar metabolism. Drought led to a decrease in catabolic sucrose synthase activity in both groups. Invertase activities increased significantly in two genotypes and correlated with the increase in reducing sugar concentrations under drought. Stem sugar hydrolysis probably had a role in osmotic adjustment under drought and correlated with retention of sap volume. However, the activities of sugar-metabolising enzymes did not correlate with their gene expression levels. After resuming irrigation, grain yields, stalk yields and juice volume at physiological maturity were lower in plants recovering from drought stress compared with the controls. In some genotypes, there were similar losses in grain yields and stem sugars due to drought, indicating photoassimilate source limitation; in other genotypes, grain yield losses were less than stem sugar losses in drought-exposed plants compared with the controls, suggesting mobilisation of sugars from the storage internodes to the developing panicle. Accumulation of stem sugars appears to be an adaptive strategy against drought stress in some sorghum genotypes.
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Lekjing, Somwang, Ittiporn Keawpeng, Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, and Seppo Karrila. "Impact of Different Sugar Types and Their Concentrations on Salted Duck Egg White Based Meringues." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091248.
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Meringues were prepared with salted duck egg white and different sugars (granulated white, cane, palm, and coconut) at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%). The prepared meringues were subjected to analyses of functional and physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the type and concentration of sugar influenced the meringue quality. Foam properties such as the whipping index, the index of foam durability, and specific density gradually increased with sugar concentration. On the other hand, the overrun and air phase values were stable without significant differences. The color attributes whiteness and the chroma hue of meringues decreased with the sugar concentration regardless of the sugar type. Moisture, water activity, and pH decreased, while weight loss during baking, meringue volume, and hardness gradually increased with sugar concentration. The addition of sugar increased the meringue’s weight, while its height and diameter did not change much. Protein content in the meringue decreased with increased sugar levels, while carbohydrate and ash levels increased. Antioxidant activities increased with the sugar concentration, and unrefined sugars influenced the radical scavenging activities differently from refined sugars. In general, meringue made with coconut sugar at 75% showed preferable qualities over the other sugar types or concentrations.
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Lekjing, Somwang, Ittiporn Keawpeng, Karthikeyan Venkatachalam, and Seppo Karrila. "Impact of Different Sugar Types and Their Concentrations on Salted Duck Egg White Based Meringues." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091248.
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Meringues were prepared with salted duck egg white and different sugars (granulated white, cane, palm, and coconut) at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100%). The prepared meringues were subjected to analyses of functional and physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the type and concentration of sugar influenced the meringue quality. Foam properties such as the whipping index, the index of foam durability, and specific density gradually increased with sugar concentration. On the other hand, the overrun and air phase values were stable without significant differences. The color attributes whiteness and the chroma hue of meringues decreased with the sugar concentration regardless of the sugar type. Moisture, water activity, and pH decreased, while weight loss during baking, meringue volume, and hardness gradually increased with sugar concentration. The addition of sugar increased the meringue’s weight, while its height and diameter did not change much. Protein content in the meringue decreased with increased sugar levels, while carbohydrate and ash levels increased. Antioxidant activities increased with the sugar concentration, and unrefined sugars influenced the radical scavenging activities differently from refined sugars. In general, meringue made with coconut sugar at 75% showed preferable qualities over the other sugar types or concentrations.
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Vattala, H. D., S. D. Wratten, C. B. Phillips, E. L. Wackers, and S. P. Worner. "Measuring parasitoid carbohydrate levels to improve biological control." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4286.
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Lifetime carbohydrate levels were compared in the laboratory between unfed and honeyfed Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera Braconidae) a parasitoid of the Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Coleoptera Curculionidae) High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse sugars in individual parasitoids and showed that fed and unfed parasitoids can be distinguished by measuring the total sugar levels Furthermore the fructose/total sugar ratio (f/T) of honeyfed M hyperodae was always higher than that of the unfed individuals This method should prove very useful for determining the nutritional status of fieldcollected parasitoids and for evaluating the benefits gained by parasitoids through the provision of floral resources in the field
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Xiao, Yufen, Yu Hu, and Jianzhong Du. "Controlling blood sugar levels with a glycopolymersome." Materials Horizons 6, no. 10 (2019): 2047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mh00625g.
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Brenton, Zachary W., Brendon T. Juengst, Elizabeth A. Cooper, Matthew T. Myers, Kathleen E. Jordan, Savanah M. Dale, Jeffrey C. Glaubitz, et al. "Species-Specific Duplication Event Associated with Elevated Levels of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Sorghum bicolor." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400921.
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Simple sugars are the essential foundation to plant life, and thus, their production, utilization, and storage are highly regulated processes with many complex genetic controls. Despite their importance, many of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown or uncharacterized. Sorghum, a highly productive, diverse C4 grass important for both industrial and subsistence agricultural systems, has considerable phenotypic diversity in the accumulation of nonstructural sugars in the stem. We use this crop species to examine the genetic controls of high levels of sugar accumulation, identify genetic mechanisms for the accumulation of nonstructural sugars, and link carbon allocation with iron transport. We identify a species-specific tandem duplication event controlling sugar accumulation using genome-wide association analysis, characterize multiple allelic variants causing increased sugar content, and provide further evidence of a putative neofunctionalization event conferring adaptability in Sorghum bicolor. Comparative genomics indicate that this event is unique to sorghum which may further elucidate evolutionary mechanisms for adaptation and divergence within the Poaceae. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of this event was only possible with the continued advancement and improvement of the reference genome. The characterization of this region and the process in which it was discovered serve as a reminder that any reference genome is imperfect and is in need of continual improvement.
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Ján, Mezey, and Mezeyová Ivana. "Changes in the levels of selected organic acids and sugars in apple juice after cold storage." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 2 (May 7, 2018): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/165/2017-cjfs.
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Apples are a source of sugars, acids, and various biologically active compounds, such as phenolic compounds, which are responsible for most of the antioxidant activities of the fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the cold storage of apple fruits affects the nutritional composition of selected organic acid and sugar content in juice in comparison to juice from fresh fruits. Statistical differences were confirmed between the content of citric acid, malic acid, total acid, pH, sucrose, fructose and glucose in juice from fresh fruits and from juice stored for 140 days. No statistical differences were observed between juice from fresh fruit and juice from fruits stored for 140 days in the content of acetic acid, tartaric acid, total sugar and sweetness index.
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Formela-Luboińska, Magda, Dorota Remlein-Starosta, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Zbigniew Karolewski, Jan Bocianowski, Łukasz Stępień, Mateusz Labudda, Philippe Jeandet, and Iwona Morkunas. "The Role of Saccharides in the Mechanisms of Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini in Yellow Lupine (Lupinus luteus L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 7258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197258.
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The primary aim of this study was to determine the relationship between soluble sugar levels (sucrose, glucose, or fructose) in yellow lupine embryo axes and the pathogenicity of the hemibiotrophic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Schlecht lupini. The first step of this study was to determine the effect of exogenous saccharides on the growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum. The second one focused on estimating the levels of ergosterol as a fungal growth indicator in infected embryo axes cultured in vitro on sugar containing-medium or without it. The third aim of this study was to record the levels of the mycotoxin moniliformin as the most characteristic secondary metabolite of F. oxysporum in the infected embryo axes with the high sugar medium and without it. Additionally, morphometric measurements, i.e., the length and fresh weight of embryo axes, were done. The levels of ergosterol were the highest in infected embryo axes with a sugar deficit. At the same time, significant accumulation of the mycotoxin moniliformin was recorded in those tissues. Furthermore, it was found that the presence of sugars in water agar medium inhibited the sporulation of the pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum in relation to the control (sporulation of the pathogen on medium without sugar), the strongest inhibiting effect was observed in the case of glucose. Infection caused by F. oxysporum significantly limited the growth of embryo axes, but this effect was more visible on infected axes cultured under sugar deficiency than on the ones cultured with soluble sugars. The obtained results thus showed that high sugar levels may lead to reduced production of mycotoxins by F. oxysporum, limiting infection development and fusariosis.
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Hale, Teri A., Richard L. Hassell, and Tyron Phillips. "Refractometer Measurements of Soluble Solid Concentration Do Not Reliably Predict Sugar Content in Sweet Corn." HortTechnology 15, no. 3 (January 2005): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0668.
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The refractometer has been proposed as a rapid, inexpensive technique for determining sugar levels in fresh sweet corn (Zea mays). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of sugars in three phenotypes (su, se, and sh2) of sweet corn harvested at three maturities indicated that sucrose content was highly correlated with the total sugars (R = 0.95). Sucrose and total sugar concentration were significantly different among all phenotypes. Soluble solids concentration (SSC) was high in su and se compared to the lower SSC of sh2. Early, mature, and late harvested samples differed in sucrose and total sugar content. Sugar concentration varied within phenotypes at each maturity level. Sh2 indicated no difference in sucrose and total sugars at early and mature harvests, but increased at late harvest. In contrast, sucrose and total sugar content decreased between early and mature harvests, then increased to highest levels at late harvest in se and su phenotypes. Overall, phenotype SSC increased significantly from early to late harvests, probably due to increased water-soluble polysaccharides in the su and se cultivars. Unlike other crops, a negative relationship was found in sweet corn between SSC and sucrose or total sugars, with an overall correlation of –0.51. This relationship was most affected by maturity, especially mature and late harvested sweet corn. Among phenotypes, sucrose, total sugar, and SSC were poorly correlated. Our results indicate that a refractometer should not be used to estimate total sugars or sucrose of sweet corn.
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Dobrinas, Simona, Alina Soceanu, Gabriela Stanciu, and Viorica Popescu. "Quantification of sugar in different brands of drinks." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0023.
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AbstractThe levels of invert sugar (glucose/fructose mixture resulting from inversion) were determined in different brands of orange, grapefruit, lemon, apricot and raspberry products. Samples of fresh juice, soft drink, syrup, nectar and compote were representative of the Romanian market. The invert sugar was quantified by Ofner’s method (a titrimetric method) and the refractive and Brix indices were measured for the quantification of sucrose in studied samples. International Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis accepts reading of sugar content based on the refractive properties of sucrose despite the fact that the sugar in analyzed juice sample is fructose, not sucrose. This usually does not result in significant error. There were significant differences among orange, grapefruit, lemon, apricot and raspberry products brands, in the levels of sugars.
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Erasta, Junira, Afriwardi ., and Delmi Sulastri. "Relationship between Vitamin D Levels and Blood Sugar Levels in Premenopausal Women in Padang City." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220411.
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Background: In premenopausal women, low vitamin D levels result in impaired insulin release from the pancreas and reduce glucose tolerance which causes the body's metabolism to slow down resulting in an increase in body weight which leads to insulin resistance and leads to diabetes mellitus (DM). The incidence of DM is more common in the premenopausal age than in the productive age, the percentage of women experiencing DM is higher than that of men. Objective: to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and fasting blood sugar levels in premenopausal women in Padang City. Research Method: This research was observational conducted in the city of Padang and used cross-sectional design. The study sample was 62 premenopausal women. Measurement of vitamin D levels was carried out by using the ELISA method and fasting blood sugar levels were carried out by using the GOD-PAP method measured by a spectrophotometer. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using Pearson correlation. Results: It obtained the average vitamin D level of the respondents was 30.96 ± 10.96 ng/ml. The average fasting blood sugar level of respondents was 107.03 ± 13.74 mg/dl. There was no significant relation between vitamin D levels and fasting blood sugar levels (r= - 0.038, p= 0.769). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between vitamin D levels and fasting blood sugar levels in premenopausal women in Padang City. Keywords: vitamin D levels, fasting blood sugar levels, premenopause.
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Blatt, Jasmina, and Flavio Roces. "Haemolymph sugar levels in foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica): dependence on metabolic rate and in vivo measurement of maximal rates of trehalose synthesis." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 2709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.15.2709.
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SUMMARY Previous investigations of haemolymph sugar levels in honeybees have reported very different results, probably because different experimental conditions affected the activity levels of the animals. The present study investigated the dependence of haemolymph sugar levels in foraging honeybees on metabolic rate and whether the haemolymph sugar level is regulated. Free-flying foraging bees were trained to collect controlled amounts of sucrose solution of different concentrations (15%, 30% or 50% sucrose w/w). Immediately after feeding, metabolic rate was measured over a given time depending on the sucrose concentration, then crop-emptying rate and haemolymph sugar levels were measured. Bees exhibiting a wide range of metabolic rates were compared to establish whether the observed differences in haemolymph sugar levels were due to limits in the supply of sugars from the crop or in the rate of trehalose synthesis in the fat bodies. Independent of the concentration of the sucrose solution supplied, haemolymph trehalose, glucose and fructose levels were constant for metabolic rates from 0 to 4.5mlCO2h−1. At higher metabolic rates, trehalose concentration decreased while that of glucose and fructose increased, with the exception of bees fed 15% sucrose solution. As the supply of sugar from the crop via the proventriculus was sufficient to support even the highest metabolic rates, the observed pattern must result from an upper limit in the capacity of the fat body to synthesise trehalose. The maximal rate of conversion of glucose to trehalose in the fat body was therefore calculated to average 92.4μgglucosemin−1. However, for bees fed 15% sucrose solution both the rate of conversion of glucose to trehalose and the rate of sugar transport from the crop to the ventricle were limited, together resulting in a decrease in total haemolymph sugar levels for metabolic rates higher than 5mlCO2h−1.
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Sheiham, Aubrey, and W. Philip T. James. "A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (June 3, 2014): 2176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001400113x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and the progressive development of dental caries.DesignA critical in-depth review of international studies was conducted. Methods included reassessing relevant studies from the most recent systematic review on the relationship between levels of sugars and dental caries. Reanalysis of dose–response relationships between dietary sugars and caries incidence in teeth with different levels of caries susceptibility in children was done using data from Japanese studies conducted by Takeuchi and co-workers.SettingGlobal, with emphasis on marked differences in both national sugar intake and fluoride use and preferably where one factor such as sugar intake changed progressively without changes in other factors over a decade or more.SubjectsChildren aged 6 years or more and adults.ResultsCaries occurred in both resistant and susceptible teeth of children when sugar intakes were only 2–3 % of energy intake, provided that the teeth had been exposed to sugars for >3 years. Despite increased enamel resistance after tooth eruption, there was a progressive linear increase in caries throughout life, explaining the higher rates of caries in adults than in children. Fluoride affects progression of caries development but there still is a pandemic prevalence of caries in populations worldwide.ConclusionsPrevious analyses based on children have misled public health analyses on sugars. The recommendation that sugar intakes should be ≤10 % of energy intake is no longer acceptable. The much greater adult burden of dental caries highlights the need for very low sugar intakes throughout life, e.g. 2–3 % of energy intake, whether or not fluoride intake is optimum.
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Luchini, Paulo Dirceu, Silvia Raquel Bettani, Marta Regina Verruma Bernardi, and Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges. "Mineral and Metal Levels in Brown Sugar from Organic and Conventional Production Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 10 (September 13, 2017): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n10p226.
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Food and nutrition are basic requirements for the promotion and protection of health. In addition to ensuring the availability of calories for consumption, it is necessary to improve the access to the variety of nutrients offered to the population. The consumption of brown sugar inserts nutrients into the feeding, once it is produced only by the evaporation of the existing water in the sugarcane broth, thus maintaining all the original constituents of the plant. To evaluate the influence of organic and conventional fertilization in the nutritional quality of the brown sugars, a test was conducted with six fertilization systems, in a completely randomized block design with four repetitions. The sugars produced were analysed regarding the contents of the nutrients Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu and the toxic elements Pb and Cd. The results showed that the different fertilization systems influenced the content of the minerals present. Although small, the differences were statistically significant and the treatments provided sugars with nutritional characteristics, with an advantage for the totally organic sugar (using organic fertilizer and corrective) which, in addition to environmental issues, did not present lead contamination.
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HAMMOND, J. B. W. "Sugar, Sugar Phosphate and NADP(H) Levels in Agaricus bisporus Fruit Bodies." Microbiology 131, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-131-2-329.
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Joo, Joungsu, and Sang Ik Song. "Rice ASR1 regulates sugar levels and participates in sugar signaling in roots." Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry 58, no. 2 (January 24, 2015): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13765-015-0008-z.
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Grammatikaki, Evangelia, Jan Wollgast, and Sandra Caldeira. "High Levels of Nutrients of Concern in Baby Foods Available in Europe That Contain Sugar-Contributing Ingredients or Are Ultra-Processed." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093105.
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Introducing children to healthy and diverse complementary foods, either prepared at home or produced commercially, helps to establish taste preferences and good eating habits later in life. Assessing the nutrient profile of foods available commercially is key to informing consumers and policy makers. We used commercial data to provide an overview of the energy and nutrient content of 7 categories of foods intended for infants and young children that were launched or re-launched across 27 European countries from March 2017 to March 2021 (n = 3427). We also assessed the presence of sugars as added ingredients, and the foods’ level of processing, using the NOVA classification system. In total, 38.5% of the products contained at least one sugar-contributing ingredient; about 10% of products listed an added sugar, almost ¼ of the products listed a free sugar and finally about 20% of the products listed fruit and vegetable purees and powders as an ingredient. Half of the products had a ‘no added sugars’ positioning statement; among these, almost 35% had free sugars, fruit and vegetable purees and powders as added ingredients. With regard to processing classification, 46.3% of the products were minimally processed, 24.5% were processed and 29.2% ultra-processed. About half of all products had a ‘no artificial ingredient’ positioning statement; however, among these, 31.4% were ultra-processed. Our analysis showed that, within each food category, products with sugars as an added ingredient had a less desirable nutrient profile compared to those that did not have sugar-contributing ingredients. The results for level of processing were similar; in most food categories, ultra-processed foods had higher energy, fat, saturated fat, sugars and sodium content, and lower fibre content, compared to the minimally processed and processed ones.
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Lestari, Indah, and Fifiyahpuahsari Fifiyahpuahsari. "LEVELS OF DIABETES BLOOD SUGAR WITH TYPE OF CATARACT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 3, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2019/vol3.iss1.211.
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Diabetes mellitus was a disease with macro and micro risk of angiopathy, which includes the impact of causing cataracts. Diabetic patients with high sugar levels have a greater chance of developing cataracts at a younger age and certain tendencies towards cataract type. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between diabetes blood sugar levels and cataract type. The research design was correlation analysis with Cross-Sectional approach. Samples in the study were some cataract patients who had a history of diabetes mellitus in Surabaya Undaan Eye Hospital as many as 125 people, it was taken using consecutive sampling technique, and fulfilling the criteria of the study (age range 45 - 65 years, have complete medical records related to the continuity of sugar examination results in blood, the incidence of cataracts is not caused by congenital cataracts, juveniles, due to trauma, chemical exposure to UV radiation). Independent variable was the blood sugar level of Diabetes mellitus and the Dependent variable was cataract type. The instruments used were laboratory tests related to blood sugar levels, and medical diagnosis related to cataract type. Data were analyzed by Spearman rho, with a significant value <0.05. The results showed a close association between diabetes and cataracts, where as many as 47.2% with high blood sugar levels, 40% with nuclear cataract type and from 59 respondents with high blood sugar levels 26 people experienced nuclear cataract type, with rho value = 0.001. The mechanism of glucose toxicity in Diabetes Mellitus which causes cataracts can go through three paths: increased activity of the aldose reductase enzyme which causes the formation of sugar alcohol, sorbitol and galactitol in crystalline lenses; through the non-enzymatic replication process; and at high blood glucose levels a glucose oxidation process will occur which causes oxidative stress conditions. Maintenance of managing blood sugar levels must be a concern for diabetics.
Keywords: Blood Sugar Level, Diabetes Mellitus, Type of Cataract
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Lestari, Indah, and Fifiyahpuahsari Fifiyahpuahsari. "LEVELS OF DIABETES BLOOD SUGAR WITH TYPE OF CATARACT." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY SCIENCE (IJNMS) 3, no. 1 (May 11, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29082/ijnms/2019/vol3/iss1/211.
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Diabetes mellitus was a disease with macro and micro risk of angiopathy, which includes the impact of causing cataracts. Diabetic patients with high sugar levels have a greater chance of developing cataracts at a younger age and certain tendencies towards cataract type. The aim of the study was to analyze the correlation between diabetes blood sugar levels and cataract type. The research design was correlation analysis with Cross-Sectional approach. Samples in the study were some cataract patients who had a history of diabetes mellitus in Surabaya Undaan Eye Hospital as many as 125 people, it was taken using consecutive sampling technique, and fulfilling the criteria of the study (age range 45 - 65 years, have complete medical records related to the continuity of sugar examination results in blood, the incidence of cataracts is not caused by congenital cataracts, juveniles, due to trauma, chemical exposure to UV radiation). Independent variable was the blood sugar level of Diabetes mellitus and the Dependent variable was cataract type. The instruments used were laboratory tests related to blood sugar levels, and medical diagnosis related to cataract type. Data were analyzed by Spearman rho, with a significant value <0.05. The results showed a close association between diabetes and cataracts, where as many as 47.2% with high blood sugar levels, 40% with nuclear cataract type and from 59 respondents with high blood sugar levels 26 people experienced nuclear cataract type, with rho value = 0.001. The mechanism of glucose toxicity in Diabetes Mellitus which causes cataracts can go through three paths: increased activity of the aldose reductase enzyme which causes the formation of sugar alcohol, sorbitol and galactitol in crystalline lenses; through the non-enzymatic replication process; and at high blood glucose levels a glucose oxidation process will occur which causes oxidative stress conditions. Maintenance of managing blood sugar levels must be a concern for diabetics.
Keywords: Blood Sugar Level, Diabetes Mellitus, Type of Cataract
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Hasperue, Joaquin, María Lemoine, Alicia Chaves, and Gustavo Adolfo Martínez. "Effect of time of day for harvest and postharvest treatments on the sugar metabolism of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)." Agricultural and Food Science 23, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.8576.
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Loss of sugars contributes to accelerate postharvest senescence of broccoli. Several treatments have been developed to delay senescence, but in many cases their effects on sugar metabolism were not analyzed. We studied the effect of harvest at different times of day (08:00, 13:00 and 18:00 h) and of several postharvest treatments as heat treatment (HT), modified atmosphere (MA) and 1-methylcylcopropene (1-MCP) on sugar levels and activities of enzymes related to sucrose and starch degradation. Harvesting at the end of day delayed the loss of chlorophylls and caused the lowest decrement in sugars, although no differences in invertase, sucrose synthase and β-amylase activities were detected among samples. Treatments of MA and 1-MCP caused a lower loss of glucose and fructose, while HT caused a lower decrement of sucrose. Treated samples maintained higher levels of chlorophylls. The treatments reduced the activity of invertase and sucrose synthase and induced higher levels of β-amylase activity. Harvesting at the end of day and performing simultaneously a MA treatment could be a good combination to maintain the green color of the inflorescence and sugar levels during postharvest of broccoli.
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Stommel, John R., and Philipp W. Simon. "Phenotypic Recurrent Selection and Heritability Estimates for Total Dissolved Solids and Sugar Type in Carrot." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 4 (July 1989): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.4.695.
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Abstract Five cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection for total dissolved solids and sugar type (reducing vs. nonreducing) were performed on four carrot (Daucus carota L.) populations of common background. The populations contained high or low percentage of total dissolved solids (HTDS and LTDS, respectively) with high or low levels of reducing sugar (HRS and LRS, respectively). Effective selection for total dissolved solids (TDS) and sugar type was indicated by significant gains over five cycles of selection. TDS decreased in LTDS/HRS and LTDS/LRS populations by 21.9% and 15.9%, respectively. Corresponding increases of 22.4% and 28.2% were observed in HTDS/HRS and HTDS/LRS populations. Mean reducing sugar levels in HRS roots after five cycles of selection were limited to 2.0% of root fresh weight; sucrose was the primary storage carbohydrate. Reducing sugars were not detected in LRS roots. Mean total sugar levels in the HTDS and LTDS populations were 7.1% and 3.1% of root fresh weight, respectively. Realized heritability estimates ranged from 0.40 to 0.45 for the four populations. The onset of flowering was markedly delayed in plants of the two HTDS populations after five cycles of selection.
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Siller-Cepeda, Jorge, Alfonso Sánchez, Francisco Vázquez, Manuel Báez, René Palacios, Elsa Bringas, Evelia Araiza, and Reginaldo Báez. "935 PB 521 MAIN SUGAR ANALYSIS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 568c—568. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.568c.
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A rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying simultaneously sucrose, fructose and glucose in fruits and vegetables is reported. Samples were extracted in 95% ethanol, homogenized and treated at 95C for 20 min. The supernatant was stored at -20C overnight and filtered through a G-25 Sephadex column. Aliquots were evaporated, redissolved in water, filtered, and injected. A Sorbex NH2 column operated at room temperature was used for separations. The sugars were detected at 192 nm. The retention times were 4.8, 5.9 and 10.3 min for fructose, glucose and sucrose, respectively. The method was applied to twenty-one fruit and vegetable species with different maturity stages. In addition, quality characteristics such as firmness, pH, acidity, soluble solids and color were evaluated. Main sugars for the different samples varied among species. In temperate fruits, fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars, while in tropical and subtropical fruits, the main sugar was sucrose. On the sampled vegetables, fructose was the primary sugar, although at very low levels. Quality characteristics coincided with sugar levels found among the different species.
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Bandupriya H.D.D. "Changes in Soluble Sugars, Sugar Profile, Starch and Proline in Developing Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Inflorescences." CORD 24, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v24i1.158.
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Changes in soluble sugars, sugars profile, starch and proline levels in inflorescence rachillae from individual coconut palms were investigated during inflorescence development with the aim of determining a possible correlation between these characters and morphogenic potential of inflorescence tissues. Rachillae for analysis were collected from unopened inflorescences of -1 to -13 stages (considering the youngest open inflorescence as 0 stage) in decreasing order of maturity (–1 stage is the most mature stage whereas –13 is the most immature stage). Important differences among the maturity stages were observed for total sugars. In very tender inflorescences (-13 and -12), the total sugar content was very low whereas a gradual increase was observed from -11 to -7 stages, with -7 stage having the highest level. The total sugar content in more mature inflorescences was relatively low, with the exception of -2 stage, which had a high total sugar content. In regard to sugar profiles, sucrose, fructose and glucose were the main soluble sugars present in coconut inflorescence and sucrose was the most abundant sugar in -5 to -9 maturity stages. Total soluble sugars and sucrose in maturity stages from -5 to -9 showed a very similar variation and significantly higher levels of sucrose were observed in -6 to -8 stages. The proline content in the mature stages, -1 to –3, was significantly lower than in the other stages with no significant variation in the stages –4 to –11. The pattern of variation in starch content was similar to that of proline which decreased with increasing maturity of inflorescence. In view of the results obtained, the higher accumulation of sucrose and total sugars in -6, -7 and -8 stages may have some significance in morphogenesis, especially as an energy source. The 10 cm length inflorescence that responds better for callusing falls within this range. Thus total sugar and sucrose content may be possible biochemical markers for assessing the morphogenic potential of inflorescence explants.
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Meheriuk, M., W. D. Lane, and J. W. Hall. "Influence of Cultivar on Nectar Sugar Content in Several Species of Tree Fruits." HortScience 22, no. 3 (June 1987): 448–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.3.448.
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Abstract The nectars of several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), crab apple (M. baccata L. and M. floribunda Seib.), peach (Prunus persica L.), pear (Pyrus malus L.), and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were analyzed for sugar contents. ‘Skaha’ apricot was significantly higher in fructose, glucose, and sucrose than ‘Wenatchee Moorpark’ or ‘Tilton’. ‘Lambert’ sweet cherry was significantly higher in these sugars than ‘Van’ or ‘Stella’. Sugar levels were higher in ‘Bartlett’ and ‘Spartlett’ than ‘Anjou’. ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Red Delicious’ nectars were higher in the individual sugars than ‘Golden Delicious’. An appreciable range of values was found among the crab apples but the sugar content in some were comparable to those of apple.
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BIGRAS, F. J., J. A. RIOUX, H. P. THERRIEN, and R. PAQUIN. "INFLUENCE DE LA PHOTOPÉRIODE ET DE LA TEMPÉRATURE SUR L’ÉVOLUTION DE LA TOLÉRANCE AU GEL, DE LA CROISSANCE ET DE LA TENEUR EN EAU, SUCRES, AMIDON ET PROLINE DES RAMEAUX ET DES RACINES DE GENÉVRIER (Juniperus chinensis L. ’Pfitzerana’)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-040.
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Rooted cuttings of Juniperus chinensis L. ’Pfitzerana’ were exposed to a combination of three temperatures (1, 8 and 15 °C) and two photoperiods (8 and 16 h) for 42 d in growth chambers in order to study the influence of these factors on the evolution of growth and on changes in water, sugar, starch and proline contents of stems and roots during the cold-hardening process. The acclimation process for stems is different from that of roots. At 15 and 8 °C, under a short photoperiod, stems harden, even though growth continues: water, sugars and starch levels remain constant. Therefore, the complete cessation of growth is not necessary to initiate stem hardening. At 1 °C, stem hardening is no longer influenced by photoperiod; growth is negligible, and while water content is stable sugars are accumulated. Root hardening however, is only affected by temperature. At 15 °C, we did not observe any hardening; water, sugars and starch levels remained constant while growth continued. At 8 °C the beginning of hardening was noted, water content decreased, growth slowed and, despite some fluctuations, sugar and starch did not increase. At 1 °C, growth stopped, sugars and starch were accumulated and hardening reached its maximum. Proline levels increased in stems and roots under all treatments except for stems exposed to 15 °C and a 16-h photoperiod.Key words: Juniper, frost tolerance, photoperiod, sugar, starch, proline
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Yasmin, Raheela, Aashi Ahmed, Ambreen Javed, Maleha Asim, Rabbia Shabbir, Shahida Mushtaq, and Faiza Irshad. "The Effect of Blood Sugar Fasting Levels on Diabetic Dyslipidemia." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164360.
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Background: Diabetic dyslipidemia is a group of lipoprotein defects described by raised triglycerides, elevated low density lipoprotein and reduced levels of high density lipoprotein. Objective: To assess the effect of blood sugar fasting levels on individual lipoproteins. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi & POF Hospital Wah Cantt from 1st February 2014 to 31st July 2014. Methodology: Fifty patients with age from 30 to 70 years were enrolled. Patients' body mass index was calculated. Serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels were estimated by enzymatic colorimetric kit. Low density lipoprotein was calculated by Friedewald equation. Results: The mean blood sugar fasting level was 204.050±87.0755. The P-value of low density lipoproteins to blood sugar fasting and cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio blood sugar fasting were significant i.e. 0.03 and<0.001 respectively. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia worsened with uncontrolled blood sugar fasting. Elevated low density lipoprotein and cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio was observed. Keywords: Blood sugar fasting, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular system (CVS), Dyslipidemia, high density lipoprotein (HDL)
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Stefenon, Cláudia Alberici, Camila de Martini Bonesi, Valter Marzarotto, Daniela Barnabé, Fabiana Agostini, Juliano Perin, Luciana Atti Serafini, and Regina Vanderlinde. "Sugar levels inCharmatsparkling wines can affect the quality and resveratrol levels." Redox Report 15, no. 6 (December 2010): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/135100010x12826446921626.
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Sriwahyuni, Sriwahyuni, Junaidin Junaidin, Jamila Kasim, Noviyati Hamundu, and Sri Darmawan. "Control Blood Sugar Levels by Brisk Walking Method." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 8, no. 3 (December 26, 2021): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v8i3.art.p328-333.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease, and specific treatments are needed in order to control blood glucose. In addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacology therapy also takes an important role to control blood glucose levels and should be done regularly. Brisk walking is one example of physical activity which included in non-pharmacology therapy and can improve body expenditure. This activity can help DM patient to control their blood glucose level within the normal range. The physical activity of Brisk Walking, which is one type of exercise that can maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range, especially in people with Diabetes Mellitus. This study aimed to determine the effect of Brisk Walking on the blood glucose level of DM patients at Tamalenrea Health Center Makassar City. This study adopted a quasy experiment and a one-group pre-post test design. A total of 16 respondents were selected purposively based on the determined criteria. Data analysis of the difference of blood sugar level between the treatment and control was carried out by using the Spearman correlation test with SPSS version of 21. The difference was significant with the value of p < 0.05. The results showed that the physical activity of Brisk Walking could control blood sugar levels. Statistical analysis showed that the average blood sugar content was significantly lower in patients practicing Brisk Walking (blood sugar level <200 mg/dl)(176.06%) than the control (blood sugar level > 200 mg/dl) (218.81%). So it can be concluded that by doing physical activity Brisk Walking can control blood glucose levels.
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Baldwin, Elizabeth, Kevin Goodner, and Karen Pritchett. "(45) Effect of the Sugar: Acid Background on Perception of Tomato Aroma." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1030C—1030. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1030c.
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Sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, or glucose/fructose in combination) were added to coarsely chopped, deodorized tomato puree, increasing the sugar level of the puree by 2% to 3%. Sugars (equal amounts of glucose and fructose) along with citric acid were also added to another puree, at two different levels, to create a range of sugar: acid ratios (4.88–19.07). This second puree was then spiked with two different levels of aroma volatiles, reported to affect tomato flavor, in order to understand the influence of the sugar: acid background on tomato aroma and taste perception. The tomato puree was presented to a trained panel and was rated for intensity of aroma and taste descriptors on a 15-cm unstructured line scale. For the puree spiked with sugars only, panelists detected differences for overall aroma, ripe aroma, overall taste, sweetness and sourness intensities (P< 0.15). Adding sweet sugars, like fructose and sucrose, resulted in decreased ratings for aroma descriptors, apparently detracting from panelists' perception of aroma. The sugar: acid ratio of the second tomato puree was found to correlate with perception of taste descriptors sweet (+), sour (–), bitter (–) (P< 0.05), and citrus (–) (P< 0.15) for most volatiles tested. Correlations were also found for the sugar: acid ratio with overall aftertaste (–) when the puree was spiked with furanol, trans-2-hexenal, geranylacetone, or acetaldehyde; fruity (+) with β-ionone and linalool; and tropical (+) with cis-3-hexenal and geranylacetone (P< 0.15). The study suggests that increasing taste factors, like sweetness, result in decreased perception of tomato aroma in general, and affect how aroma compounds influence sensory descriptors.
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Zhang, Zhan, Luming Zou, Chong Ren, Fengrui Ren, Yi Wang, Peige Fan, Shaohua Li, and Zhenchang Liang. "VvSWEET10 Mediates Sugar Accumulation in Grapes." Genes 10, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10040255.
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Sugar accumulation is a critical event during grape berry ripening that determines the grape market values. Berry cells are highly dependent on sugar transporters to mediate cross-membrane transport. However, the role of sugar transporters in improving sugar accumulation in berries is not well established in grapes. Herein we report that a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), that is, VvSWEET10, was strongly expressed at the onset of ripening (véraison) and can improve grape sugar content. VvSWEET10 encodes a plasma membrane-localized transporter, and the heterologous expression of VvSWEET10 indicates that VvSWEET10 is a hexose-affinity transporter and has a broad spectrum of sugar transport functions. VvSWEET10 overexpression in grapevine calli and tomatoes increased the glucose, fructose, and total sugar levels significantly. The RNA sequencing results of grapevine transgenic calli showed that many sugar transporter genes and invertase genes were upregulated and suggest that VvSWEET10 may mediate sugar accumulation. These findings elucidated the role of VvSWEET10 in sugar accumulation and will be beneficial for the improvement of grape berry quality in the future.
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Marlida, Yetti, Mirzah, Syukri Arief, and Khoirul Amru. "PRODUKSI GLUKOSA DARI BATANG KELAPA SAWIT MELALUI PROSES HIDROLISIS SECARA ENZIMATIS MENGGUNAKAN AMILASE TERMOSTABIL." Jurnal Riset Kimia 7, no. 2 (March 12, 2014): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v7i2.190.
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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to explore the optimization of the concentration of oil palm trunks andthermostable amylase enzyme preformance produce highest sugar (glucose total and reducingsugars) as well as the degree of polymerization. The design used in this study was a completelyrandomized design (CRD) factorial using 2 factors: factor A which consists of four levels ofamylase enzyme that A1: 250 units / kg, A2: 500 units / kg, A3: 750 units / kg and A4: 1000 units/ kg. Factor B is the concentration of oil palm trunk yitu B1: 20% (200 g / 1 liter) B2: 40% (400g / 1 liter) and B3: 60% (600 g / 1 liter) were repeated 3 times. The results showed that there is ahighly significant interaction (P <0.01) in the levels of amylase enzyme (factor A) with theconcentration of oil palm trunks (factor B) on reducing sugar, siqnificantly interaction (P <0.05)on total sugars and degree of polymerization (DP) . This research can be concluded that the besttreatment at a concentration of 60% oil palm trunks and levels 250 unit/kg of an enzymeconcentration that produces of total sugars 7.86 mg/ml, reducing sugar 15.69 mg /ml and degreeof polymerization 0.50Keywords : amilase, total gula, gula pereduksi, derajat polimerisasi.
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Saputri, Dwijowati Asih, and Aulia Novitasari. "Relationship between Blood Sugar Levels and People's Consumption Patterns of Bandar Lampung." JURNAL PEMBELAJARAN DAN BIOLOGI NUKLEUS 8, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i1.2470.
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Blood sugar is important for the body, unstable blood sugar can cause low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) or high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) which is one sign of diabetes mellitus. The wrong consumption pattern, malnutrition, or obesity (overweight) can cause the risk of diabetes mellitus, poor nutrition can damage the pancreas, while excess obesity can interfere with the work of the insulin hormone. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between blood sugar levels and consumption patterns of people in Bandar Lampung City. This research method is quantitative with cross sectional design. The research was conducted in 20 sub-districts in Bandar Lampung City, with a sampling technique that is stratified random sampling. The data collection technique was carried out by taking blood samples for checking blood sugar levels followed by filling out the consumption pattern questionnaire by the respondents.
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Natalansyah, Natalansyah, Debora Kartika Sari, and Wijaya Atmaja Kasuma. "Hubungan Stress dengan Kadar Gula Darah Sewaktu pada Mahasiswa Rekognisi Pembelajaran Lampau (RPL) di Poltekkes Kemenkes Palangka Raya." Jurnal Surya Medika 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v5i2.1291.
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Stress is the condition of an individual who experiences excessive emotional demands, a time problem that makes it difficult to manage efficiently all aspects of life (Richard, 2010). In someone with mild and moderate levels of stress will experience changes in blood sugar levels. This study examines stress levels and random blood sugar levels in nursing students. The purpose of this study was to identify respondent characteristics, stress levels, random blood sugar levels and the relationship between stress levels and random blood sugar levels at the health Polytechnic of Palangka Raya. The research method respondents (f = 39) was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale -10 questionnaire to measure stress level. Glucometer was used for checking the random blood sugar levels. Chi-Square test was used to determine the relationship between the two variables, results from 39 respondents who had moderate stress levels, 27 respondents had high blood sugar levels of 23 (85.2%) and mild stress levels as many as 12 respondents with normal blood sugar levels 7 (58.3); There is a correlation between stress and random blood sugar levels in Secondary Learning Recognition (RPL) students of the Nursing Department Class II at Health Polytechnic of Palangka Raya with ? value <0.005.
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Mornya Philip, M. P., Cheng Fangyun, and Li Hongyan. "Chronological changes in plant hormone and sugar contents in cv. Ao-Shuang autumn flowering tree peony." Horticultural Science 38, No. 3 (August 22, 2011): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2011-hortsci.
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Successive secondary flowering is critical for tree peony industry. Varying the levels of hormones and sugars are reported to influence plant flowering. This study analyses quantitative changes in the levels of endogenous hormones [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>)] and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in the buds of cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony during autumn and spring flowering seasons. The study shows different levels of hormones (ABA, IAA and GA<sub>3</sub>) and carbohydrates (sucrose, reducing sugar and starch) in spring (SFB) and autumn (AFB) flowering buds. Not only is there increase in IAA, GA<sub>3</sub>, sucrose and reducing sugar, but also decrease in ABA and starch during AFB developmental stages. This probably contributes to induced flowering in AFB. Compared with SFB, IAA could be a vital AFB flowering hormone because it peaks at three critical bud developmental stages of bud swelling, shoot elongation and flower bud opening. Whereas sucrose and reducing sugar contents increase in AFB, that of starch decreases. SFB shows similar trends for sucrose, reducing sugar and starch. The findings suggest that cv. Ao-Shuang tree peony blooms in autumn probably due to lack of dormancy, a phenomenon induced by low ABA. Thus flowering of tree peonies in SFB and AFB could be regulated by different combinations of hormonal and sugar signals.
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Chen, Yi-Shih, Tuan-Hua David Ho, Lihong Liu, Ding Hua Lee, Chun-Hua Lee, Yi-Ru Chen, Shu-Yu Lin, Chung-An Lu, and Su-May Yu. "Sugar starvation-regulated MYBS2 and 14-3-3 protein interactions enhance plant growth, stress tolerance, and grain weight in rice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 43 (October 8, 2019): 21925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904818116.
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Autotrophic plants have evolved distinctive mechanisms for maintaining a range of homeostatic states for sugars. The on/off switch of reversible gene expression by sugar starvation/provision represents one of the major mechanisms by which sugar levels are maintained, but the details remain unclear. α-Amylase (αAmy) is the key enzyme for hydrolyzing starch into sugars for plant growth, and it is induced by sugar starvation and repressed by sugar provision. αAmy can also be induced by various other stresses, but the physiological significance is unclear. Here, we reveal that the on/off switch of αAmy expression is regulated by 2 MYB transcription factors competing for the same promoter element. MYBS1 promotes αAmy expression under sugar starvation, whereas MYBS2 represses it. Sugar starvation promotes nuclear import of MYBS1 and nuclear export of MYBS2, whereas sugar provision has the opposite effects. Phosphorylation of MYBS2 at distinct serine residues plays important roles in regulating its sugar-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and maintenance in cytoplasm by 14-3-3 proteins. Moreover, dehydration, heat, and osmotic stress repress MYBS2 expression, thereby inducing αAmy3. Importantly, activation of αAmy3 and suppression of MYBS2 enhances plant growth, stress tolerance, and total grain weight per plant in rice. Our findings reveal insights into a unique regulatory mechanism for an on/off switch of reversible gene expression in maintaining sugar homeostatic states, which tightly regulates plant growth and development, and also highlight MYBS2 and αAmy3 as potential targets for crop improvement.
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Redruello-Requejo, Marina, María de Lourdes Samaniego-Vaesken, Teresa Partearroyo, Paula Rodríguez-Alonso, María José Soto-Méndez, Ángela Hernández-Ruiz, Federico Lara Villoslada, et al. "Dietary Intake of Individual (Intrinsic and Added) Sugars and Food Sources from Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study." Nutrients 14, no. 8 (April 16, 2022): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14081667.
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Currently, in Spain there are no studies assessing the intakes and sources of intrinsic and added sugars by both children consuming standard milks and children regularly consuming adapted milk formulas. Our goal was to evaluate current sugar intake levels (intrinsic and added) and their major dietary sources within the EsNuPI study participants by applying two 24-h dietary recalls that were completed by 1448 children (1 to <10 years) divided into two subsamples: One “Spanish Reference Sample” (SRS) of the general population (n = 707) and another sample which included children consuming adapted milks including follow-on milk, toddler’s or growing up milk and fortified and enriched milks, here called “Adapted Milk Consumers Sample” (AMS) (n = 741). Estimates of intrinsic and added sugar intakes from the Spanish EsNuPI population as well as the adherence to recommendations varied notably according to age segment, but no major differences between subsamples were found. Younger children (1 to <3 years) showed the highest added sugar contribution to total energy intake (TEI) (SRS: 12.5% for boys and 11.7% for girls; AMS: 12.2% for boys and 11.3% for girls) and the lowest adherence to recommendations set at <10% TEI (SRS: 27.4% for boys and 37.2% for girls; AMS: 31.3% for boys and 34.7% for girls). Adherence increased with age but remains inadequate, with approximately one in two children from the older age segment (6 to <10 years) exceeding the recommendations. Main food sources of intrinsic sugars for both subsamples were milk and dairy products, fruits, vegetables and cereals, while for added sugars, these were milk and dairy products (mainly yogurts), sugars and sweets (mainly sugary cocoa and nougat), bakery products (mainly cookies) and cereals (mainly bread and wheat flour). However, for the AMS, the groups milk and dairy products and cereals showed a significantly lower contribution to intrinsic sugar intake but a significantly higher contribution to that of added sugars. These results demonstrate that sugar intake and the adherence to recommendations in the studied population varied notably according to age but not to the type of milk consumed. In addition, our results highlight the need to monitor the consumption of added sugars by the infant population, as well as the need to make efforts to facilitate this task, such as harmonizing the recommendations regarding free/added sugars and the inclusion of information on their content on the nutritional labeling of products in order to incorporate them into food composition databases.
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Lee, Nic. "Self-management of blood sugar levels is essential." Nursing Standard 25, no. 46 (July 20, 2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.07.25.46.32.p5926.
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Homayouni, Arielle L., and Lucia C. Strader. "Sugar rush: Glucosylation of IPyA attenuates auxin levels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 14 (March 19, 2020): 7558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003305117.
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de Sousa, Sylvia Morais, Mário del Giúdice Paniago, Paulo Arruda, and José Andrés Yunes. "Sugar levels modulate sorbitol dehydrogenase expression in maize." Plant Molecular Biology 68, no. 3 (June 20, 2008): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9362-0.
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Fautrel, Bruno. "Ferritin levels in adult Still’s disease: any sugar?" Joint Bone Spine 69, no. 4 (June 2002): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1297-319x(02)00409-8.
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Lee, Nic. "Self-management of blood sugar levels is essential." Nursing Standard 25, no. 46 (July 20, 2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.25.46.32.s43.
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Pepin, Alexandra, Kimber L. Stanhope, and Pascal Imbeault. "Are Fruit Juices Healthier Than Sugar-Sweetened Beverages? A Review." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051006.
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Free sugars overconsumption is associated with an increased prevalence of risk factors for metabolic diseases such as the alteration of the blood lipid levels. Natural fruit juices have a free sugar composition quite similar to that of sugar-sweetened beverages. Thus, could fruit juice consumption lead to the same adverse effects on health as sweetened beverages? We attempted to answer this question by reviewing the available evidence on the health effects of both sugar-sweetened beverages and natural fruit juices. We determined that, despite the similarity of fruits juices to sugar-sweetened beverages in terms of free sugars content, it remains unclear whether they lead to the same metabolic consequences if consumed in equal dose. Important discrepancies between studies, such as type of fruit juice, dose, duration, study design, and measured outcomes, make it impossible to provide evidence-based public recommendations as to whether the consumption of fruit juices alters the blood lipid profile. More randomized controlled trials comparing the metabolic effects of fruit juice and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption are needed to shape accurate public health guidelines on the variety and quantity of free sugars in our diet that would help to prevent the development of obesity and related health problems.
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Olaiya, Charles. "Bioregulators Favourably Affect the Levels of Vitamins and Sugars in Tomato Fruit Tissues." Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10032-011-0019-1.
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Bioregulators Favourably Affect the Levels of Vitamins and Sugars in Tomato Fruit TissuesThis study aimed to examine the influence of exogenous application of the bioregulators indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the vitamin and sugar content of tomatoes. Harvested fruits of the treated tomato genotypes, namely NHLy 11, NHLy 12, NHLy 13, NHLy 15 and NHLy 16, were analysed for these parameters. Spectrophotometric analysis results showed that IAA significantly increased (p<0.05) the concentrations of β-carotene, vitamin A and ascorbate in all the tested genotypes, with the highest values of 707.84 μg·100 g-1fwb, 118.21 μg·100 g-1RE and 20.36 μg·100 g-1fwb, respectively, in the NHLy16 genotype. The total sugar content was not significantly affected by the treatments. It is proposed that exogenous application of these bioregulators to plant foods such as tomatoes can improve their phytonutrient concentrations, promoting better public health.
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Deswita, Desi, Sefrizon Sefrizon, Anita Mirawati, Zulharmaswita Zulharmaswita, Yudistira Afconneri, Deharnita Deharnita, and Yulvi Hardoni. "Empowerment Strategies Through Coaching Interventions on Controlling Blood Sugar Levels the Elderly." Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v2i1.68.
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The problem of elderly diabetes mellitus is complex and various interventions in the form of education have been carried out in controlling blood sugar levels but the results have not been optimal. Based on this, the researcher wants to know the effect of coaching intervention on controlling blood sugar levels of the elderly with diabetes in Indonesia. The quasi-experimental research design uses a treatment group. Sampling with consecutive sampling in which the intervention group was selected according to purpose, with 38 respondents. Independent t-test was used. The results obtained were significant differences in blood sugar levels after being given an intervention. Coaching interventions affect blood sugar levels of the elderly with diabetes. It was concluded that coaching interventions reduce blood sugar levels and provide opportunities for nurses to develop promotive and preventive efforts.
Keywords: blood glucose levels, coaching intervention, elderly
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Day, Martin P., Patricia Correia, and David A. Hammond. "13C-IRIS: An Improved Method To Detect the Addition of Low Levels of C4-Derived Sugars to Juices." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.3.957.
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Abstract A method to improve the detection of cane or corn sugar addition to fruit juices has been developed. This involves the isolation of the individual sugars and measurement of their carbon isotope ratios. Using the Isotopic Relations of Individual Sugars approach, the additions of cane sucrose or cane invert as low as 4% of the total sugars can be detected in orange juice. This method offers a significant improvement over the conventional carbon isotopic method that has a detection limit of about 10%.
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Mujabi, M. Faig, and Wachidah Yuniartika. "Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah Dengan Tingkat Depresi Dan Aktifitas Fisik Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus." Jurnal Berita Ilmu Keperawatan 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bik.v11i2.10577.
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High blood sugar levels will cause the occurrence of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia occurs because to an impaired insulin secretion or insulin work breakdown. People who hyperglycemia can experience interference in the form of phychological depression and decreased physical activity. People who are depressed and less activity can cause an increase in blood sugar levels. This research is a descriptive study using correlative approach cross sectional aims to do know the relationship between the blood sugar levels with the levels of depression and physical activity in people with Diabetes Mellitus in Sukoharjo Gatak Clinics. Sampling technique using a purpose sampling, while the research instrument using the BDI-II questionnaire of 21 items and IPAQ questionnaire. The result of the calculation of the correlation test product moment relationship with depression level blood sugar levels obtained result and significant value 0.473(p-value) of 0.00. Procut moment correlation test result of the relationship of physical activity with blood sugar levels obtained result –0.460 with a value of 0.00 significance. Then there can be summed up the relationship between the blood sugar levels with the levels of depression and physical activity in people with Diabetes Mellitus in Sukoharjo Gatak Clinics. Where the higher levels of depression, increases blood sugar levels, while the higher physical activity then the lower blood sugar levels.
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Dyakova, N. A., A. I. Slivkin, S. P. Gaponov, E. A. Bobina, and L. A. Shishorina. "Accumulation of Reducing Sugars by Small-leaved Linden Flowers (Tilia cordata Miller, 1768) in the Voronezh Region of Russia." Drug development & registration 10, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2021-10-4-147-153.
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Introduction. Small-leaved linden flowers are mainly used for aquatic extracts, and their pharmacological benefit is based on water-soluble polysaccharides.Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of accumulating all reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers, collected in agro- and urbo-cenoses of the Voronezh region.Materials and methods. 51 sites were selected for collecting flowers from the small-leaved linden, which is a widespread deciduous tree species in Russia. In order to determine the total level of reducing sugars in the samples, we measured glucose levels using the method described in Pharmacopeia article "Linden Flower". Correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine in detail the effect of the major pollutants (heavy metals and arsenic) on the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers.Results and discussion. All analyzed samples of medicinal plant raw materials were benign in terms of their reducing sugar levels. Samples collected in control (protected) areas contained reducing sugar levels 13.31 to 16.89 %, which is 6–8 times more than the lower numerical value established by the Pharmacopoeia article. In the agrocenoses of the region, the concentration of reducing sugars varied from 6.12 to 16.68 %, which is 3–8 times more than the value given in the Pharmacopoeia article. In the urbocenoses of the region, a lower level of reducing sugars was found compared to samples from protected areas (2.35–13.49 %). Correlation coefficients showed a noticeable negative impact of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc, as well as a moderate negative effect of lead and mercury on the accumulation of reducing sugars in the small-leaved linden flowers.Conclusion. The lowest concentrations of reducing sugars were detected in samples harvested along the streets of large cities in the region, and along highways, roads and railways. This suggests that anthropogenic factors might negatively impact the accumulation of reducing sugars in small-leaved linden flowers in these areas. At the same time, it is possible that saccharide complexes might have reacted with heavy metals instead of the complexing agent when levels of reducing sugars in the samples were quantitatively determined. This would have the effect of underrepresenting reducing sugar levels in the raw materials.
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Butlin, C. Ruth, Delwar Hossain, Suren Singh, and TS Warrender. "Survey of Random Blood Sugar Levels Amongst Leprosy-disabled People in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Medicine 28, no. 1 (March 16, 2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v28i1.31897.
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People with leprosy-related disability in north west Bangladesh were surveyed for diabetes. According to patient reports,97 (27.1/1000) already knew they suffered from diabetes mellitus. Amongst 3573 subjects who underwent a random blood sugar test, anyone with random blood sugar level above 11.0 mmol/l was referred for confirmation of diabetes and advice (111). Unexpectedly, we also found that 30.1% asymptomatic people without a previous diagnosis of diabetes had random blood sugar in the impaired glucose tolerance range (i.e. 7.8- 11.0 mmol/l). These people were asked to have a second blood test for fasting blood sugar level, and if this was high (above 7.0 mmol/l) they were advised to have a review with a doctor, preferably at the local diabetic clinic. A sample of people (5%) with Blood sugar levels in the normal range were also invited to have a second test for fasting blood sugar; amongst them only 2 had elevated fasting blood sugar levels (>7.0). Thus another 14 were referred with high fasting blood sugar levels. Of those125 people (considered to be Diabetes suspects) newly-detected with hyperglycaemia, 121 attended a suitable service provider for confirmation/exclusion of diabetes, within 1month of their abnormal blood test. Of them 47 (37.6%) were diagnosed with diabetes. However, 4 people did not take action as advised, and 2 died before attending clinic. Taking into account new diagnoses and old, we estimate a minimum prevalence of 40.3/1,000 amongst leprosy-disabled people in NW Bangladesh. These findings indicate the advisability of routine screening for diabetes amongst people affected by leprosy during routine clinic reviews, and that the ability and motivation to manage their own self-care of people with leprosy related disability and diabetes should be assessed. Appropriate follow up and advice for those with blood sugar in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) range needs consideration, to minimise their future risk.Bangladesh J Medicine Jan 2017; 28(1) : 13-23
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Mulyo, Gurid Pramintarto Eko, Zidnie Silmi Kaffah, Mira Mutiyani, and Angreni Ayuhastuti. "Fruit and Vegetable Effect Changes in Blood Sugar Levels and Food Glycemic Index." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (January 3, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7811.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Foods consumed with fiber sources will be different from foods not consumed with fiber sources because fiber has a mechanism to lower blood sugar levels. However, the difference or the correlation factor is not yet known. AIM: This study aims to determine the differences in changes in blood sugar levels in the fruit or vegetable intervention and to determine the correction factor for changes in blood sugar levels and the glycemic index (GI) of food. METHODS: The research design used was experimental with a pre-post design; the sampling technique used purposive sampling totaling 13 people divided into two groups, namely, the fruit and vegetable group. The sample was selected under normal circumstances and had no history of diabetes mellitus. Blood sugar levels taken were fasting blood sugar levels at 0’, 30’, 60’, 90’, and 120’ after the intervention to see a graph of changes in blood sugar levels. The statistical analysis used is ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis. RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in comparing standard bread with bread and avocado and bread and beans at 30’ after the intervention. After the intervention, bread with watermelon showed significant results at 120’ and bread with carrots at 90’. The highest GI and the lowest correction factor for changes in blood sugar levels were shown in watermelon. In contrast, the lowest GI and the highest correction factor were shown in avocado. CONCLUSION: When compared between the four interventions, giving avocados were more able to lower blood sugar levels.