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Journal articles on the topic 'Sugar Renewable energy sources'
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Lini, Fibrillian Zata, Tri Widjaja, Nuniek Hendrianie, Ali Altway, Siti Nurkhamidah, and Yumarta Tansil. "The effect of organosolv pretreatment on optimization of hydrolysis process to produce the reducing sugar." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401022.
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As the fossil energy decrease such as petroleum and natural gas, that are encourages a lot of research to develop new sources of energy from renewable raw materials. One of the source is through reducing sugar (glucose and xylose) obtained from coffee pulp waste; this is due to abundant production of coffee pulp every year reaching 743 kg/ha. In addition, this waste has not been used optimally and the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the coffee is high. The purpose of this study is to get the optimal operating condition for reducing sugar production from coffee pulp waste. The method used for optimization is Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design. The optimum operation condition obtained was pH 4.63 at 34ºC for 16.29 hours of hydrolysis. As a result, the predicted yield gained was 0.147 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose. The result indicates the gained yield was 0.137 grams of reducing sugars / gram of cellulose+hemicellulose.
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Menezes Morato, Marcelo, Paulo Renato Costa Mendes, Julio Elias Normey‐Rico, and Carlos Bordons. "Optimal operation of hybrid power systems including renewable sources in the sugar cane industry." IET Renewable Power Generation 11, no. 8 (February 15, 2017): 1237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2016.0443.
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Vigneswari, Sevakumaran, Muhammad Shahrul Md Noor, Tan Suet May Amelia, Karthnee Balakrishnan, Azila Adnan, Kesaven Bhubalan, Al-Ashraf Abdullah Amirul, and Seeram Ramakrishna. "Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks." Life 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080807.
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Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biodegradable polymers that are considered able to replace synthetic plastic because their biochemical characteristics are in some cases the same as other biodegradable polymers. However, due to the disadvantages of costly and non-renewable carbon sources, the production of PHA has been lower in the industrial sector against conventional plastics. At the same time, first-generation sugar-based cultivated feedstocks as substrates for PHA production threatens food security and considerably require other resources such as land and energy. Therefore, attempts have been made in pursuit of suitable sustainable and affordable sources of carbon to reduce production costs. Thus, in this review, we highlight utilising waste lignocellulosic feedstocks (LF) as a renewable and inexpensive carbon source to produce PHA. These waste feedstocks, second-generation plant lignocellulosic biomass, such as maize stoves, dedicated energy crops, rice straws, wood chips, are commonly available renewable biomass sources with a steady supply of about 150 billion tonnes per year of global yield. The generation of PHA from lignocellulose is still in its infancy, hence more screening of lignocellulosic materials and improvements in downstream processing and substrate pre-treatment are needed in the future to further advance the biopolymer sector.
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Ohlrogge, John, and Kent Chapman. "The seeds of green energy: Expanding the contribution of plant oils as biofuels." Biochemist 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03302034.
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Plant oils represent one of the most energyrich sources of renewable fuels available in Nature. Most of these oils occur in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs) that can be transformed into biodiesel by conversion of their acyl chains into fatty acid methyl esters. In 2009, 14 billion litres of biodiesel were produced worldwide from plant oils (largely in the EU). This compares with 70 billion litres of ethanol (largely from Brazil and the USA). Both of these fuels now depend on land and crops (e.g. oil seeds, palm trees, maize and sugar cane) that are also used for foods. To meet growing demand and avoid competition with food, major expansion of biofuel production and development of new sources of biofuel are required. In this article, we outline how plants synthesize oils and describe some ways in which supplies of oils from plants could be increased to provide a larger contribution to renewable energy supplies.
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Kim, Sung Bong, Eunji Kim, Hah Young Yoo, Minsu Kang, Seong Woo Kang, Chulhwan Park, Jun Seok Kim, and Seung Wook Kim. "Reutilization of carbon sources through sugar recovery from waste rice straw." Renewable Energy 53 (May 2013): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.11.002.
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Villela Filho, Murillo, Carlos Araujo, Alfredo Bonfá, and Weber Porto. "Chemistry Based on Renewable Raw Materials: Perspectives for a Sugar Cane-Based Biorefinery." Enzyme Research 2011 (May 12, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/654596.
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Carbohydrates are nowadays a very competitive feedstock for the chemical industry because their availability is compatible with world-scale chemical production and their price, based on the carbon content, is comparable to that of petrochemicals. At the same time, demand is rising for biobased products. Brazilian sugar cane is a competitive feedstock source that is opening the door to a wide range of bio-based products. This essay begins with the importance of the feedstock for the chemical industry and discusses developments in sugar cane processing that lead to low cost feedstocks. Thus, sugar cane enables a new chemical industry, as it delivers a competitive raw material and a source of energy. As a result, sugar mills are being transformed into sustainable biorefineries that fully exploit the potential of sugar cane.
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Jaguaribe, E. F., P. C. Lobo, W. L. De Souza, R. M. Rocha, and E. T. Nascimento. "BETTER SELL BAGASSE THAN SURPLUS ELECTRICITY?" Revista de Engenharia Térmica 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v6i1.61819.
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Over the past decade, electricity consumption in Brazil grew faster than generation capacity. This situation obliged an urgent return to investment in the sector, and revitalization of the restructuring in the national electricity sector. In these circumstances, the use of renewable energy sources, such the biomass, became an option for decentralized electricity generation. Sugar cane bagasse is one of the most important biomasss residues for electricity generation. The present publication analyses an investment made in the expansion of the energy cogeneration system in an industry that produces sugar and alcohol, from sugar cane, considering the seasonal bagasse price, energy generation costs and a 10 year period. With the new cogeneration system the factory became self-sufficient in energy, with a saleable surplus of 21,240 MWh, at an average power of 4,000 kW. However, an economic analysis indicated that the best option would have been to maintain the original system and sell surplus bagasse at R$ 26.00/t.
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Zuhal, Oktay, and Ozturk Harun Kemal. "Turkish Sugar Production Potential and Use of Waste of Sugar Beet as Energy Source." International Journal of Green Energy 1, no. 3 (December 26, 2004): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ge-200033675.
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Zabed, Hossain, Golam Faruq, Jaya Narayan Sahu, Mohd Sofian Azirun, Rosli Hashim, and Amru Nasrulhaq Boyce. "Bioethanol Production from Fermentable Sugar Juice." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/957102.
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Bioethanol production from renewable sources to be used in transportation is now an increasing demand worldwide due to continuous depletion of fossil fuels, economic and political crises, and growing concern on environmental safety. Mainly, three types of raw materials, that is, sugar juice, starchy crops, and lignocellulosic materials, are being used for this purpose. This paper will investigate ethanol production from free sugar containing juices obtained from some energy crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, and sweet sorghum that are the most attractive choice because of their cost-effectiveness and feasibility to use. Three types of fermentation process (batch, fed-batch, and continuous) are employed in ethanol production from these sugar juices. The most common microorganism used in fermentation from its history is the yeast, especially,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, though the bacterial speciesZymomonas mobilisis also potentially used nowadays for this purpose. A number of factors related to the fermentation greatly influences the process and their optimization is the key point for efficient ethanol production from these feedstocks.
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Rubanenko, Elena, Andrij Vydmysh, and Vita Yavdуk. "CREATE MICROELECTRICITY TO ENSURE RELIABLE POWER SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES ON THE EXAMPLE OF VLADOVO-LUGINETSKOE EXPERIMENTAL BREEDING STATION." Vibrations in engineering and technology, no. 1(92) (December 20, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2306-8744-2019-1-3.
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The use of renewable energy sources makes it possible to coordinate the load schedules of agricultural enterprises and achieve a significant technical and economic effect by optimizing the processes of generation, transportation, distribution and consumption of electricity. Powerful agribusiness enterprises are located far enough from the centralized power supply and closer to the raw material bases, so it is proposed to disperse the power of both industrial and energy industries. Therefore, the paper analyzes the features of creating scrollerroller taking into account the world experience of Vladovo-Lubinecka experimental breeding station of the Institute of bioenergy crops and sugar beet of National Academy of agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, part of the Training-scientific-industrial complex “Allukrainian scientific-educational consortium” with the use of renewable sources of energy. Describes the main modes scrollerroller. Outlines the advantages of creating scrollerroller: improving the quality and reliability of the system, decentralization of production, the decline in electricity prices (in the context of how transportation and distribution), optimizing the use of renewable energy technologies through the integration of scrollerroller and use scrollerroller as a backup mechanism to prevent a power outage. The paper proposes to use local information management systems, which have the functions of self-gratification and self-adjustment depending on changes in the conditions of generation and consumption.
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Grabarczyk, Robert, Krzysztof Urbaniec, Jacek Wernik, and Marian Trafczynski. "Evaluation of the Two-Stage Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Sugar Beet Molasses." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 26, 2019): 4090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214090.
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Fermentative hydrogen production from molasses—a renewable by-product of beet-sugar processing—was considered. Technical and economic evaluations were performed of a stand-alone production plant employing a two-step fermentation process (dark thermophilic fermentation and photofermentation) followed by an adsorption-based upgrading of the produced hydrogen gas. Using a state-of-the-art knowledge base and a mathematical model composed of mass and energy balances, as well as economic relationships, the process was simulated and equipment data were estimated, the hydrogen cost was calculated and a sensibility analysis was carried out. Due to high capital, operating and labor costs, hydrogen production cost was estimated at a rather high level of 32.68 EUR/kg, while the energy output in produced hydrogen was determined as 68% more than the combined input of the thermal and electric energy needed for plant operation. As the room for improvement of plant performance is limited, a perspective on the cost competitiveness of large-scale hydrogen production from fossil sources is unclear.
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Foppa Pedretti, Ester, Daniele Duca, Giuseppe Toscano, Giovanni Riva, Andrea Pizzi, Giorgio Rossini, Matteo Saltari, Chiara Mengarelli, Massimo Gardiman, and Riccardo Flamini. "Sustainability of grape-ethanol energy chain." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 45, no. 3 (November 5, 2014): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2014.425.
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the sustainability, in terms of greenhouse gases emission saving, of a new potential bio-ethanol production chain in comparison with the most common ones. The innovation consists of producing bio-ethanol from different types of no-food grapes, while usually bio-ethanol is obtained from matrices taken away from crop for food destination: sugar cane, corn, wheat, sugar beet. In the past, breeding programs were conducted with the aim of improving grapevine characteristics, a large number of hybrid vine varieties were produced and are nowadays present in the Viticulture Research Centre (CRA-VIT) Germplasm Collection. Some of them are potentially interesting for bio-energy production because of their high production of sugar, good resistance to diseases, and ability to grow in marginal lands. Life cycle assessment (LCA) of grape ethanol energy chain was performed following two different methods: i) using the spreadsheet <em>BioGrace</em>, developed within the <em>Intelligent Energy Europe</em> program to support and to ease the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC implementation; ii) using a dedicated LCA software. Emissions were expressed in CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>eq). These two tools gave very similar results. The overall emissions impact of ethanol production from grapes on average is about 33 g CO<sub>2</sub>eq MJ<sup>–1</sup> of ethanol if prunings are used for steam production and 53 g CO<sub>2</sub>eq MJ<sup>–1</sup> of ethanol if methane is used. The comparison with other bio-energy chains points out that the production of ethanol using grapes represents an intermediate situation in terms of general emissions among the different production chains. The results showed that the sustainability limits provided by the normative are respected to this day. On the contrary, from 2017 this production will be sustainable only if the transformation processes will be performed using renewable sources of energy.
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Dias, Augusto Cesar Arenaro e. Mello, Carlos de Lamare Bastian-Pinto, Luiz Eduardo Teixeira Brandão, and Leonardo Lima Gomes. "Flexibility and uncertainty in agribusiness projects: investing in a cogeneration plant." RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie 12, no. 4 (August 2011): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-69712011000400005.
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Energy generation from biomass has become a source of increasing interest due to growing environmental concerns and the depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves. In this paper we analyze a sugar and ethanol producing plant in Brazil which has both the option to expand and to add a cogeneration unit to allow the sale of surplus energy, generated by burning sugar cane bagasse, where the existence of the second option is conditional to the exercise of the first option. We model sugar, ethanol, and electricity prices as geometric mean reverting processes and apply the real options approach to determine the value of these managerial flexibilities, considering that these options have three distinct underlying assets. The option to expand production is a function of the expected future prices of sugar and ethanol, while, on the other hand, the decision to invest in the cogeneration plant will depend on the future prices of energy. Both decisions are modeled as American Compound Options over their respective underlying assets. The model is then solved using the non-censored binomial mean reverting lattice proposed by Bastian-Pinto, Brandão, and Hahn (2010) using the software DPL TM. The results indicate that a significant value can be derived from the flexibility to choose the optimal timing of investment in both options: the investment in the cogeneration unit adds an amount equivalent to the value of the expanding sugar and ethanol production, and represents up to 44% of the project's static NPV of R$ 195.9 million. We conclude that given that only half of the sugar cane crushing mills currently have cogeneration units installed and given the increasing demand for clean and renewable sources of energy, this may indicate there is a significant potential for investment and further development of bioelectricity cogeneration power plants, and even in the retrofit of older cogeneration units, and that government incentives have been effective in contributing to this development.
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Strapchuk, Svitlana. "PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 9(28) (2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).11.
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The article deals the analysis of production and consumption of bioenergy resources in agriculture. It is established that the assessment of resource potential is carried out with regard to the following energy trilemma: decarbonization, energy security and affordability, which significantly increases the interest in alternative fuels derived from renewable sources. In order to achieve sustainable development in the context of providing businesses with affordable and clean energy, national indicators relevant to the agricultural sector have been developed. Biomass production utilizes both land and human resourse to a greater extent than any other renewable energy technology, and can create sustainable supply chains. It has been proven that the use of biomass improves the supply and access to energy at the local and national levels, but also reduces waste disposal, provides an alternative use of biomass or fossil resources. It is noted that the main products of biomass processing are solid and liquid biofuels, biogas. Ukraine's energy strategy 2035 suggests an increase in the use of biomass in energy generation up to 11,5 %, and the main stimulus for growth is the use of green tariff. Biomass production requires the largest amount of land resources compared to other alternative sources. It limits the use of sown areas for food crops in favor of bioenergy crops. In particular, the raw materials for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine are sugar, starch crops and cellulose materials, which are converted into the final product by alcohol and sugar factories. Biodiesel production is not widespread enough, and more than 95 % of the gross harvest of rapeseed and soybeans used for its production in 2019 was exported. In the structure of solid biofuels, agricultural waste, in particular straw, stalks and husks, has the greatest potential for the use. Thus, biomass is an alternative energy resource that creates significant prospects for sustainable agriculture, but wholesale energy tariffs need to be revised to take into account external factors that consider insurance risks and increased environmental taxation, which is low in Ukraine.
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Abu Darim, Rosmaria, Amizon Azizan, and Jailani Salihon. "A Review on the Advancement of Online Monitoring System for Cellulosic Ethanol Production." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.751.
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Bioethanol is mainly produced by sugar fermentation process. Due to global demand on energy for transportation and environmental concern, biofuels as renewable energy in replacing petrol, the non-renewable energy source, has come into picture. Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass such as woody biomass (trees), herbaceous biomass (grasses) and waste cellulosic materials (solid waste) could be used in replacing starch (such as corn and potato) as source of sugar in producing bioethanol. Recently, study on cellulosic ethanol was focussing on fermentation process using ethanologenic strain such as engineered Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Invasive method in the study during fermentation may lead to uncertain or unwanted screening strategies or metabolic pathways. This paper reviews about the online monitoring system used by researchers in order to study the growth kinetics of ethanologenic strain. Online monitoring system for the Oxygen Transfer Rate (OTR) and Carbon dioxide Transfer Rate (CTR) is found to be the important method to study kinetic model of ethanologenic strain, thus increasing metabolic yields with optimum design condition.
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Areias, A. "Political-economic, social and environmental aspects of sugar cane biomass use for the electrical energy generation." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1332020826.
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Energy produced through biomass, when produced in an efficient and sustainable way, generates a series of environmental, economic and social benefits when compared to the use of fossil fuels. Benefits such as better land management, job creation, efficient use of agricultural areas, provision of modern energy vectors to rural communities, reduction of CO2 emissions, waste control and nutrient recycling can be highlighted. This paper discusses the contributions of energy co-generation, from biomass, to the supplementation of electric energy, reduction of environmental impacts and generation of employment. The aim was to understand the impact of public policies to increase the efficiency of the sugar-energy sector and if there was an increase in employment and manpower in the field, as well as reduction of environmental impacts by reducing the consumption of other less renewable sources of energy within the State from São Paulo. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to analyze the social, economic and agronomic indicators and the energy plans that aim at the development of the sector, such as the National Energy Plan and the Paulista Energy Plan.
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Abrina Anggraini, Sinar Perbawani, and Susy Yuniningsih. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Gula untuk Pembuatan Bioethanol yang dipengaruhi oleh Komposisi Khamir pada Proses Fermentasi." Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 5, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v5i2.1969.
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The increasing needs of people who are not balanced with fuel supplies at the national and world level are bringing about the impact of the energy crisis. The reliance only on renewable energy makes people have to look for alternative energy sources. Bioethanol is a type of fuel that can replace fuel. The bioethanol process is fermented from biomass material with the help of microorganisms. This study aims to know the performance of yeast composition in the fermentation process against ethanol quality. The ingredients used are molasses with a sugar content of 54% as much as 8 L. Molasses is mixed with NPK, Urea, and the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae. Khamir's composition varies by 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 grams. To test ethanol levels on each variable by measuring the difference in water density and ethanol using a pycnometer. This study's result is the highest ethanol quality obtained at a sugar concentration of 12 grams (0.2%), at 5.6%. The lowest ethanol quality is obtained at a sugar concentration of 32 grams (0.4%) i.e., 3.29%, while in yeast composition 8, 16, 20, 24, 28 grams of ethanol quality continued to decrease consecutively to 3.6%, 5.4%, 5.3%, 5.2%, and 5.1%.
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Predojevic, Zlatica. "Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production." Chemical Industry 64, no. 4 (2010): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100217016p.
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The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.
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Yin, Juan, Chao-Bing Deng, Hongxiang Zhu, Jianhua Xiong, and Zhuo Sun. "Effective Removal of Lead from Solution by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Cultured with Sugar Byproducts." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1975.
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Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) are widely used to remove heavy metals because of their high efficiency. However, the metabolic processes of SRB require additional carbon sources, and the development of low-cost carbon sources has gradually attracted attention. The utilization of sugar byproduct resources, as the low-cost carbon sources, has great practical significance for environmentally sustainable development in Guangxi, China. This study aims to cultivate SRB with low-cost sugar byproducts, apply them to controlling a lead-polluted environment, and study the effects and mechanisms of controlling lead pollution. The research results show that the best culture effect of SBR can be obtained by mixing the filter mud and vinasse in a ratio of 1:1 to 3:1. SRB have average lead removal rates of more than 96.97% in solutions with different lead concentration of 10∼100 mg/L, and SRB have a higher tolerance to high concentrations of lead due to factors such as the organic substance composition of sugar byproducts and the porosity of filter mud. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrometry and X-ray diffraction analysis show that SRB mainly cause Pb2+ to form PbS precipitate through redox reactions to remove lead from the solution. Therefore, low-cost filters of a mud and vinasse mixture can be used as a medium for SRB and exhibit high heavy metal removal efficiency, thus providing a new utilization of filter mud and vinasse.
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Martosuyono, Pujoyuwono, Andi Hakim, and Yusro Nuri Fawzya. "Chemical Pretreatment and Enzymatic Saccharification of Seaweed Solid Wastes." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 10, no. 2 (August 23, 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v10i2.130.
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The technical feasibility of seaweed waste utilization as a resource of renewable energy was investigated in this paper. The production of fermentable sugars from seaweed waste was studied by dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment and further enzymatic hydrolysis. Pretreatment was conducted by using 1.0 and 2.0% dilute sulfuric acid w/v and 4 and 5% sodium hydroxide w/v for 30 min at 121 oC. Pretreated seaweed wastes were analyzed by XRay Diffraction (XRD) to examine the crystallinity index of the cellulose and observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to examine the changes in structure of cellulose fiber. Saccharification of pretreated seaweed waste was carried out using crude cellulase enzyme provided by Pulp and Paper Research Center in Bandung. Saccharification was done in shake flask with 20% of substrate in citrate phosphate buffer at 30 oC and 50 oC, agitation of 150 rpm in shaking incubator for 48 h. Samples were collected at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h for further analysis. Enzyme concentrations were varied between 1050 U/g dry samples. The results showed that dilute acid and base pretreatment of seaweed solid waste can be used to improve the digestibility of seaweed waste. It successfully acted by reducing the lignin content and degrading the structure of cellulose from crystalline into amorphous form which is more susceptible to the enzyme action.The optimum pretreatment condition was shown by 4% NaOH at 121 oC for 30 min, producing the most fermentable sugar concentration. Sugar concentration produced by saccharification was optimum at 50 oC, enzyme concentration of 50 U/g sample for 24 h base pretreatment. The results of the experiment were expected to contribute in the process development of bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials into renewable energy sources.
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Gorbunova, N. A., and A. N. Zakharov. "Edible insects as a source of alternative protein. A review." Theory and practice of meat processing 6, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2021-6-1-23-32.
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The current state and research priorities in the field of using insects as foods and their components are examined. At present, entomophagy is practiced in Africa, South America and Asia. It is shown that the growing world population, which is increasingly limited in resources upon the rising demand for animal protein, has stimulated the interest to new food sources that can include insects as future alternative sources of animal protein. In the forming global model based on the growing share of renewable energy sources, entomophagy fits in as a renewable source of food energy. Over the last decade, the potential of edible insects as a new ingredient has been studied. It is noted that edible insects can be produced with less environmental impact compared to cattle. Insects have a huge potential at all life cycle stages as a source of nutritional and active substances and are a rich source of animal protein, contain essential amino acids, minerals (K, Na, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and P), vitamins (В-group, А, D, Е, К and С) and unsaturated fatty acids. Assimilability of insect protein is 76–98%. Insect carbohydrates are represented mainly by chitin contained in a range from 2.7 mg to 49.8 mg/kg of fresh matter. There are data that different insect species can have immune stimulating, sugar reducing, antioxidant and anti-genotoxic activities, as well as the positive effect in cardiovascular and nervous disorders. In the western countries, different methods of insect processing were developed. The review summarizes advantages and risks of eating insects and legal practices of their consumption. Possible ways and strategies of stimulating edible insect consumption are analyzed taking into account that the majority of population in western countries reject the idea of eating insects. The review of performed studies notes the necessity to eliminate emotional and psychological barriers on the way of accepting edible insect consumption.
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Dias, Marcelo Costa, Antonio Manoel Batista da Silva, and Lúcio Rogério Junior. "Efficiency of an aquatubular boiler from the burning of four cultivars of sugar cane." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): e5469119859. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.9859.
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The growing demand for energy from renewable sources increasingly seeks to implement efficient energy production systems. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the thermal efficiency of an aquatubular boiler that will burn the bagasse from four sugarcane cultivars: SP 80-1816, RB72-454, SP80-3280 and SP81-3250. This efficiency will be determined through the calculation methods: PCI - lower calorific value, PCS - higher calorific value and direct method. These cultivars were planted in the south-central region of Brazil where the largest sugar cane producers in the country are located. The results obtained show the importance of the energy analysis that each cultivar provides for energy cogeneration, as well as the benefits that will directly influence its production chain for controlled management. Among the benefits of controlled management are: maximizing processes and optimizing the energy use of each cultivar. The optimum efficiency of the boiler in energy production in relation to steam production depends on the intrinsic variables of each cultivar, such as bagasse and moisture content. When calculating the boiler efficiency, the SP 80-1816 variety proved to be more advantageous in relation to the others, considering the same characteristics of the production process, planting region, harvest time and the same type of boiler used. Still related to the study, the cultivar SP 80-1816 requires a smaller amount of bagasse in the boiler feed to produce heat, which results in greater energy production considering the same amount of bagasse of the studied varieties.
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CHŁOPEK, Zdzisław, and Izabela SAMSON-BRĘK. "Ecological effects of use biogas to supply the internal combustion engine in the electricity generation process – results of LCA analysis." Combustion Engines 171, no. 4 (November 1, 2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-422.
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Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) in Poland is still a relatively new method of estimating the environmental impact of production processes. It enables the assessment of the environmental risks associated with the product system or activity, either through the identification and quantification of materials and energy used and waste introduced into the environment, as well as assess their impact on the environment. LCA method application also enables the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of energy from renewable sources. This paper presents the results of the simplified life cycle analysis of electricity production process from agricultural biogas used as an engine fuel. LCA analysis was conducted based on data from one of the national biogas plants. The selection criterion was based on the availability of substrates (maize silage, distillery slop and sugar beet pulp) and the possibility of obtaining high quality data for analysis (actual data based on the existing biogas plant). In addition, the environmental impact of the biogas power generation technology obtained through the methane fermentation process only of waste materials (distillery slop, sugar beet pulp) and coprocessing of waste and maize silage was compared.
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Vargas, J. V. C. "EDITORIAL." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v6i1.61808.
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Fossil fuels are currently recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Therefore, renewable, carbon neutral, alternative fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Several countries have been considering the use of alternative fuels derived from agriculture. In that context, ethanol derived from sugar-cane and/or corn crops, and biodiesel derived from oil crops are potential renewable and carbon neutral alternatives to fossil fuels. Unfortunately, fuel from crops, waste and animal fat cannot realistically satisfy even a small fraction of the existing global demand for fuels. In Brazil, the government has been subsiding ethanol from sugar-cane crops for more than 30 years, and together with research investment on oil off-shore exploration, the initiative made possible for the country, at least for the moment, to become energy self sufficient, but due to oil supplies depletion, that scenery will change in the near future. Another limiting factor is cost. For example, the economic aspect of biodiesel production limits its development and large-scale use. Biodiesel usually costs almost twice the price per liter of conventional diesel fuel, currently in the US.Apart from economic aspects, it is clear that biofuel production technology needs to be improved to meet global fuel demand rate. One possible direction is the use of microalgae, that appear to be the only source of renewable biodiesel that is capable of meeting the diesel fuel global demand. Like plants, microalgae use sunlight to produce oils but they do so more efficiently than crop plants. Oil productivity of many microalgae greatly exceeds the oil productivity of the best producing oil crops.Approaches for making microalgal biodiesel economically competitive therefore need to be developed.The mission of Engenharia Térmica is to document the scientific progress in areas related to energy, particularly oil and renewables. We are confident we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that help enable sustainable energy solutions in the near future.
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Mariano, A. B. "EDITORIAL." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i1.62054.
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The population growing awareness regarding the use of fossil fuels, especially with respect to correlated environmental issues, led to an increased interest in renewable energy sources in the last decade. Around 200 years ago, biomass lost its historic leadership as a source for coal production. Next, it was seen the rapid growth in the use of petroleum and natural gas, and in this way, the use of biomass was limited particularly to agricultural regions. Currently, due to the responsible use of forests and large areas of reforestation, the use of biomass has conquered international attention and the demand for using wood-based materials is increasing. The biomass is not restricted to wood products, but also to any product of biological origin, which could be utilized as fuel, or for other industrial purpose and, in addition, has the advantage of being renewable. The existing challenges are the development of efficient productive chains around a product and total use of the material, including the use of the generated residuals, and the verticalisation of industrial plants. Therefore, the Thermal Engineering community could contribute to the development of technologies for coupling processes such as conversion of residuals into products of commercial value or their use for power generation. There is much opportunity for improvement in the wood, sugar cane or soybean industries, considering that all of them use heat to convert the substrates into products. Replacing natural gas or electricity used to generate heat by renewable sources such as residual biomass pellets without loss of efficiency could greatly increase the energetic efficiency of a plant, as well as reduce environmental impact.
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Aziz Muslim, Muhammad, Tegar Sukma Yudha, and B. S. K. K. Ibrahim. "Feedback-feedforward fuzzy logic approach for temperature control in bioethanol vacuum distiller." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp678-684.
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<span>Energy conservation and diversification are becoming a major research issue. Awareness of the limited sources of energy from fossil fuels encourages research on renewable energy. Bioethanol is a promising fuel substitute for gasoline. Bioethanol processing includes sugar extraction, fermentation, distillation, and absorption. Temperature and pressure controls are essential in bioethanol processing. This paper presents a feedback-feedforward fuzzy logic approach for temperature control in a bioethanol vacuum distiller. In this study, vacuum pressure is employed as feedforward inputs for a fuzzy logic controller. The feedforward input directly modifies the main controller, i.e., fuzzy logic controller, through fuzzy rules. The controller is implemented using Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller. The results show that the proposed feedback-feedforward fuzzy logic controller could successfully maintain the temperature at the desired setpoint value with small steady-state error (3.85%) and relatively shorter settling time compared to classical PID controller and fuzzy logic controller.</span>
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Gerbens-Leenes, Winnie, Santiago Vaca-Jiménez, and Mesfin Mekonnen. "Burning Water, Overview of the Contribution of Arjen Hoekstra to the Water Energy Nexus." Water 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 2844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102844.
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This paper gives an overview of the contribution of water footprint (WF) studies on water for energy relationships. It first explains why water is needed for energy, gives an overview of important water energy studies until 2009, shows the contribution of Hoekstra’s work on WF of energy generation, and indicates how this contribution has supported new research. Finally, it provides knowledge gaps that are relevant for future studies. Energy source categories are: 1. biofuels from sugar, starch and oil crops; 2. cellulosic feedstocks; 3. biofuels from algae; 4. firewood; 5. hydropower and 6. various sources of energy including electricity, heat and transport fuels. Especially category 1, 3, 4, 5 and to a lesser extent 2 have relatively large WFs. This is because the energy source derives from agriculture or forestry, which has a large water use (1,2,4), or has large water use due to evaporation from open water surfaces (3,5). WFs for these categories can be calculated using the WF tool. Category 6 includes fossil fuels and renewables, such as photovoltaics and wind energy and has relatively small WFs. However, information needs to be derived from industry.
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Achinas, Spyridon, Nienke Leenders, Janneke Krooneman, and Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink. "Feasibility Assessment of a Bioethanol Plant in the Northern Netherlands." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214586.
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Due to the exhaustion and increased pressure regarding the environmental and political aspects of fossil fuels, the industrial focus has switched towards renewable energy resources. Lignocellulosic biowaste can come from several sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, forestry waste, and bioenergy crops and processed into bioethanol via a biochemical pathway. Although much research has been done on the ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, the economic viability of a bioethanol plant in the Northern Netherlands is yet unknown, and therefore, examined. In this thesis, the feasibility study of a bioethanol plant treating sugar beet pulp, cow manure, and grass straw is conducted using the simulation software SuperPro Designer. Results show that it is not economically viable to treat the tested lignocellulosic biomass for the production of bioethanol, since all three original cases result in a negative net present value (NPV). An alternative would be to exclude the pretreatment step from the process. Although this results in a lower production of bioethanol per year, the plant treating sugar beet pulp (SBP) and grass straw (GS) becomes economically viable since the costs have significantly decreased.
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Gonçalves, Gustavo Menezes, Alexandre Pio Viana, Geovana Cremonini Entringer, and Livia Marcon Almeida. "ADAPTABILITY AND STABILITY STUDIES IN SUGAR CANE VARIETY." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 92, no. 1 (May 31, 2017): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v92i1.3282.
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The present study aimed to select the most productive clones of sugar cane that constitute the final phase of evaluation of clones. This crop has socioeconomic importance, for the production of ethanol as a renewable source of energy and less polluting than petroleum-based fuels. In this context, to release of new varieties can be one factor of greatest expression for the development of the sector. Twenty-four clones were evaluated in each mill, five of which were considered as standard and the other 19, as genotypes with potential for recommendation. The trait tons of pol per hectare (TPH) was assessed. Reduction for TPH was observed between cuts, with drop of was around 31.61% from the first to the third cut. Although differences were detected among the methodologies used, all of them contributed to better understanding of genotype x environment interaction, and are effective in recommending responsive genotypes.
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Semencenko, Valentina, Ljiljana Mojovic, Slobodan Petrovic, and Ozren Ocic. "Recent trends in bioethanol production." Chemical Industry 65, no. 2 (2011): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100913068s.
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The rapid depletion of the world petroleum supply and the increasing problem of greenhouse gas effects have strenghtened the worldwide interest in alternative, nonpetroleum sources of energy. Bioethanol accounts for the majority of biofuel use worldwide, either as a fuel or a gasoline enhancer. Utilization of bioethanol can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust greenhouse gas emission. The production of this fuel is increasing over the years, and has reached the level of 73.9 billion liters during the year 2009. Even though ethanol production for decades mainly depended on energy crops containing starch and sugar (corn, sugar cane etc.), new technologies for converting lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol are under development today. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues, forest and municipial waste, for the production of biofuels will be unavoidable if liquid fossil fuels are to be replaced by renewable and sustainable alternatives. For biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment plays a central role affecting all unit operations in the process and is also an important cost deterrent to the comercial viability of the process. The key obstacles are: pretreatment selection and optimization; decreasing the cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis; maximizing the conversion of sugars (including pentoses) to ethanol; process scale-up and integration to minimize energy and water demand; characterization and evaluation of the lignin co-product; and lastly, the use of the representative and reliable data for cost estimation, and the determination of environmental and socio-economic impacts. Currently, not all pretreatments are capable of producing biomass that can be converted to sugars in high enough yield and concentration, while being economically viable. For the three main types of feedstocks, the developement of effective continuous fermentation technologies with near to 100% yields and elevated volumetric productivities is one of the main research subjects in the ethanol industry. The application of new, engineered enzyme systems for cellulose hydrolysis, the construction of inhibitor tolerant pentose fermenting strains, combined with optimized process integration promise significant improvements.
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Kurniawan, Edy Wibowo. "Proses Optimasi Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Serat Buah Sawit dengan Metode SHF." Buletin Loupe 16, no. 01 (August 14, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/buletinloupe.v16i01.77.
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The Indonesian government is trying to equalize development including the energy sector. The government launched the use of alternative energy starting in 2008 with a blueprint for searching and utilizing new renewable energy sources in Indonesia through biofuels, one of the alternative energy developed is bioethanol. The research objective is the optimization of the SHF method bioethanol production process from palm fruit fiber waste.
The experimental design uses central composite design with variable H2SO4 concentration and fermentation time. The first stage in the study was by saccharifying the palm oil fiber waste by the hydrolysis method using H2SO4 (concentrations of 1 M, 2 M, and 3 M). Then the next stage is fermentation process (fermentation time is 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days). Sugar content analysis was carried out in the fermen solution and analysis of bioethanol levels in each running experiment. Then the optimization is done with the response surface method (RSM).
Based on the research, the optimum condition of the bioethanol production process is H2SO4 concentration of 2.76 M with a fermentation time of 4.64 days which will produce bioethanol levels of 28.6027 g/L.
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Deveci, Ece Ümmü, and Çağdaş Gönen. "Comparative analysis of strong and weak acid pretreatment methods under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions for agro-industrial waste of apple pulp." Energy & Environment 29, no. 6 (April 10, 2018): 1038–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x18767849.
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It is well known that energy-related emissions have been increasing the global warming and pushing the climate change. In the face of this situation biomass-based biofuels, which is a kind of renewable energy source, are great alternatives instead of fossil derivative fuels. Moreover, biomass can be found easily and widely, which makes it an economical alternative. Biological conversation rate of the biomass to the biofuel is insufficient because of the molecular structure of the biomass. Pretreatment is required to increase the bioavailability of the biomass as the raw material. In this study, weak and strong acid pretreatments are studied under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions for apple pulp as biomass, which is an agro-industrial residue coming from industrial plants. Box-Behnken statistical design is used to determine the optimum level of some factors as time, chemical dose, and raw material dose. While the maximum total sugar concentration was found to be 23.71 g/L with sulfuric acid pretreatment, the reduced sugar concentration under pressurized conditions with strong acid pretreatment was found as 17.00 g/L.
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Nam, Cao Dao, Danh Chan Nguyen, and Van Huong Dong. "Heating System for the use of Bio-Oils for Marine Engines." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.3.1211.
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Biofuel is a fuel made directly or indirectly from organic materials - biomass, consisting of two main sources from plants and animal waste, not from fossil sources such as oil, coal. At present, biofuels account for about 20% of global energy consumption. Particularly there are some countries, the use of biofuels is even bigger, such as Germany, Brazil, India ..., these are the leading countries in proving the availability and superiority of biofuels. Because fossil energy reserves are declining rapidly, as well as their use which has many consequences for habitat, bioenergy is an inevitable development for the future. Some typical types of biofuels that are widely known today include: bioethanol (bioetanol), biodiesel (biodiesel), green diesel (diesel), biological kerosene (biokerosen-or reactive fuel). biological forces), other biological alcohols (methanol, butanol), bio ether, biogas, syngas, solid biomass fuels. In fact, the two most important biofuels are bioetanol and biodiesel, because of the many properties they have: use for the two most common types of transport (gasoline and motor vehicles). Diesel engine has many properties similar to fossil fuels, but cleaner and cleaner; produced from abundant and renewable materials such as sugar, starch, animal and vegetable fats and oils. The paper presents the heating methods for the use of high-viscosity fuels for diesel engines.
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Paszner, Laszlo, and H. J. Cho. "High Efficiency Conversion of Lignocellulosics to Sugars for Liquid Fuel Production by the ACOS Process." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 6, no. 1 (February 1988): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878800600104.
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Decline of world oil reserves and pollution problems from burning of fossil fuels and lead require that methods for safe alternate liquid fuels be developed. Ethanol is one of the most important alternate liquid fuels since it can be produced readily by fermentation of sugars. Wood and vegetable growth are excellent sources of sugars to support an ethanol fuel economy of significant proportions. Acid Catalysed Organosolv Saccharification (ACOS) is a new means for total biomass dissolution and recover of component sugars and lignin from wood. The process uses an acidified aqueous acetone solution for the high-temperature hydrolysis of biomass. Acetone provides an excellent reaction medium for dissolution of both sugars and lignins and through a transient derivatization of the sugars protects them from further reaction (dehydration) to furfurals and humic substances. Therefore, sugar and lignin recoveries are quantitative. The ACOS process is 700 times faster than the conventional weak acid hydrolysis processes and wood can be dissolved in 30 sec by this process. The lignin is recovered as a low molecular weight powder by-product. This process is applicable to both coniferous and deciduous woods and agricultural residues such as corn stover, straw and bagasse. In case of such residues the ethanol yield can be doubled (straw and corn stover) or tripled (bagasse) compared to what has been obtained from the grain and sugarcane juice so far. Hitherto these residues were merely discarded or burned.
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Rasool, Ubaid, and S. Hemalatha. "A review on bioenergy and biofuels: sources and their production." Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 5 (2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.030501.
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Bioenergy refers to renewable energy produced from biomass. Biomass is any organic material which has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Depleting fossil fuel reserves and growing demand for energy has necessitated the renewed search for alternative energy resources such as plants. Biofuels are an alternative to fossil fuels, which are liquid or gaseous fuels that are derived from biomass sources. Biofuels can be used alone or in combination with other fossil fuels such as petrol. Biofuels are classified into first, second and third generation biofuels. In this review paper, emphasis on the production of biodiesel and bioethanol and how to modify the methods that involve their formation has been carried out. Biodiesel and bioethanol come under first generation biofuels. The first generation biofuels are produced from starch and sugars (bioethanol) and from seed oils (biodiesel). The direct use of vegetable oils and non-edible oils can prove harmful for the diesel engines due to their high viscosity, high density and various other problems that are related to them. So there is a need of converting these sources into biodiesel so that it can be used as a replacement for petroleum based diesel. Another important biofuel, referred to as bioethanol has gained a lot of importance. This review article deals with the conversion of non-edible oils to biodiesel or by modifying the process of transesterification as well as the conversion of sugars to bioethanol by genetic modification of yeast cells and by changing the substrates required for ethanol production by yeast.
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Fedorova, Olga, Shamil Valiev, and Natalia Sukhankina. "Activation of points of economic growth in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 05007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022205007.
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Activation of points of economic growth in regions with a tendency of reduction in natural resources and labor potential contributes to development of territories. The article presents an analysis of the natural resources, production and labor potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan, provides an assessment and proposes a scenario for activating points of economic growth. Cooperation of productive capacities that contribute to production of a variety of innovative marketable products will activate the points of economic growth. The natural energy potential of the Republic of Bashkortostan is limited in terms of oil, natural gas and coal, while the unique petrochemical and oil refining facilities located on this territory contribute to development of production and scientific potential in the field of hydrocarbons. Therefore, the production of hydrocarbons from renewable energy sources based on sugar and oil crops contributes to the economic growth of certain specializations of the agro-industrial and machine-building profile and partial provision of raw materials to the production specialization of the petrochemical and oil refining profile.
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Laopaiboon, Lakkana, Suntaree Suporn, Preekamol Klanrit, Niphaphat Phukoetphim, Chalida Daengbussadee, and Pattana Laopaiboon. "Novel Effective Yeast Strains and Their Performance in High Gravity and Very High Gravity Ethanol Fermentations from Sweet Sorghum Juice." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030557.
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Yeasts were isolated from four potential sources, sweet sorghum juice, sugar cane juice, grapes and rambutan. The 27 yeast isolates were tested for their ethanol tolerance (15% v/v of ethanol) and ethanol fermentation performance in a synthetic ethanol production medium (200 g/L of total sugar). Only five isolates, SCJ04KKU, SCJ07KKU, SCJ09KKU, SCJ14KKU and SSJ01KKU could tolerate 15% ethanol and produce ethanol at levels higher than 55 g/L. The ethanol production efficiency from sweet sorghum juice under high gravity (HG, 200 and 240 g/L of total sugar) and very high gravity (VHG, 280 g/L of total sugar) conditions of the five isolates was tested. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP01 and S. cerevisiae ATCC4132 were used as reference strains. The results showed that the SSJ01KKU isolate gave the highest ethanol production efficiency under all conditions. Ethanol concentration (PE), yield (YP/S) and productivity (QP) values were 98.89 g/L, 0.50 and 1.18 g/L·h, respectively, with sugar consumption (SC) of 98.96% under the HG condition at 200 g/L of total sugar. Under the HG condition at 240 g/L of total sugar, the PE, YP/S and QP values were 118.12 g/L, 0.51 and 1.41 g/L·h, respectively, with the SC of 95.79%. These values were 82.29 g/L, 0.34 and 0.98 g/L·h, respectively, with the SC of 85.59% under the VHG condition. Addition of urea into the sweet sorghum juice under all conditions significantly shortened the fermentation time, resulting in increased QP values. Based on molecular taxonomic analysis of the five isolates using sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain and the ITS1 and ITS2 regions, SSJ01KKU is S. cerevisiae, whereas SCJ04KKU, SCJ07KKU, SCJ09KKU and SCJ14KKU are Pichia caribbica.
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Singh, Renu, Sapna Tiwari, Monika Srivastava, and Ashish Shukla. "Microwave Assisted Alkali Pretreatment of Rice Straw for Enhancing Enzymatic Digestibility." Journal of Energy 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/483813.
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Rapid industrialization, increasing energy demand, and climate change are the conditions that forced the researchers to develop a clean, efficient, renewable, and sustainable source of energy which has a potential to replace fossil fuels. Ethanol is one of the attractive and suitable renewable energy resources. In present study, effectiveness of microwave pretreatment in combination with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for increasing enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw has been investigated and under optimum conditions obtained a maximum reducing sugar (1334.79 µg/mL) through microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment. Chemical composition analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that the removal of lignin, hemicellulose, and silicon content is more in microwave assisted NaOH pretreatment than the blank sample. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity index of rice straw treated with microwave assisted alkali (54.55%) is significantly high as compared to the blank (49.07%). Hence, the present study proves that microwave assisted alkali pretreatment can effectively enhance enzymatic digestibility of rice straw and it is feasible to convert rice straw for bioethanol production.
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Rivera-Cadavid, Manyoma-Velásquez, and Manotas-Duque. "Supply Chain Optimization for Energy Cogeneration Using Sugarcane Crop Residues (SCR)." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 6565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236565.
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Access to clean and non-polluting energy has been defined as a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). In this context, countries such as Colombia have promoted policies and incentives for the implementation of energy projects with non-conventional sources of energy. One of the main energy alternatives available is related to the use of residual biomass left by agribusiness supply chains, such as sugarcane. In Colombia, sugar cane is grown and harvested all year round, due to the local tropical climate. The model we propose addresses the question of the selection of the plots whose crop residue will be transported for energy production on a given day. We built a Mixed-Integer Programming model to decide which plots to harvest on a given day. Although no additional energy is generated in the model, the results show that it is feasible to replace all coal used in the boilers with sugarcane crop residues (SCRs) for power cogeneration.
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Kovtunova, N. A., and V. V. Kovtunov. "THE USE OF SWEET SORGHUM AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS SUBSTANCES FOR HUMAN (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-63-3-3-9.
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At present many countries are actively working over the use of sorghum in the food industry as juice, syrup, as well as for the production of alcohol and bioethanol. We do not consider the use of sweet sorghum as a sugar substitute in the food industry and a source of renewable energy in Russia. The main purpose of sorghum, until recently, was fodder. Green mass of sweet sorghum can be used to produce green fodder, hay, haylage, silage, grass meal, granules, etc. In terms of nutritional value, sorghum syrup is next best to sugar-containing products from sugar beet, sugar cane, while its cultivation is more economical and its yields are more stable in any conditions of cultivation. Sweet sorghum syrup in its pure form is more easily digested by the human body than in crystals, and may be used in the production of healthy food consumed by everyone including people with diabetes. This allows us to conclude about the relevance of these studies. Thus, the ARC “Donskoy” varieties, harvested in the phase of ‘wax ripeness of kernels’, produced 37–46 t/ha of green mass with 13–16% sugar in the juice of the stems, and the yield of ‘liquid’ sugar was 2.86–3.81 t/ha. In this country sorghum is unfortunately paid too little attention from both science and production. To sow fodder sweet sorghum on 10–20 hectare is not difficult, and the efficiency of such sowing is quite obvious: about 25 tons of seeds of sweet sorghum, about 65 tons of leaves, stems for silage or hay, about 10 tons of food syrup and more than 100 tons of pulp or bagasse used for making high-quality silage can be obtained from 10 hectares. Sorghum syrup is the most valuable product that can be used in the confectionery industry and in the feeding of all animals.
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Eva Agustina, Gita Ika Safitri, Irssa Intan Fatiha, Muhammad Iqbal Pratama, Rahmania, Ria Safitri, Funsu Andiarna, and Irul Hidayati. "Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Buah dan Sayur Sebagai Bahan Bakar Bioetanol dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Katalis." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v10i1.4552.
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Fossil fuels are included as non-renewable energy sources, so its presence in Indonesia is decreasing. One of the renewable energy sources that can be obtained easily is bioethanol, this energy is obtained from organic materials containing cellulose fibers. Cellulose is hydrolyzed on a catalyst and fermented to obtain bioethanol. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of catalysts in the production of bioethanol from market organic waste (fruit peels and vegetables). There are three stages of converting organic waste into bioethanol, including converting green vegetables waste and fruit peels (polysaccharides / cellulose) into monosaccharides (simple sugars) through a hydrolysis process followed by a fermentation process using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and EM4, then separating ethanol and water using a distillation process. The resulting products are analyzed using a quantitative test to determine density and a qualitative test to determine color change. The results showed that the ethanol obtained from the addition of H2SO4 catalyst with concentrations of 0.5% and 1% had almost the same specifications as standard ethanol based on density calculations and color change tests. The highest ethanol yield percentage was obtained from the concentration of H2SO4 1%.
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Sahu, Om Prakash. "Alternative Fuel from Agricultural Waste." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2012): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jbt.v2i2.1703.
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Waste can be minimized by reuse or recover by the process due disposal of the waste is big issue for environment. So many organization are working for to utilized the waste for energy recovery. Field crops offer potential source of fuel, offering promise as large-scale energy and based on its genetic diversity, climatic adaptation, and biomass and sugar production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of ethanol from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Presently this work was to evaluate the feasibility of ethanol production and optimization from Rice husk by using commercial bakery yeast, i.e., S. cereviciae. The experiment was conducted, at fermentation temperature 30 °C and pH 5, and treated using different acid concentrations and residence times. Rice husk was hydrolyzed by refluxing, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, using dilute sulfuric acid (1 to 5 %) and distilled water at hydrolysis time of 1 to 11 hours keeping boiling temperature. 90 % maximum total sugar concentration was obtained at 5 h acid free hydrolysis. Based on these hydrolysis results, fermentation process was performed.Â
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Stojiljkovic, Dragoslava, Dusan Nestorovic, Vladimir Jovanovic, and Nebojsa Manic. "Mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline as a fuel for SI engines." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903219s.
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The importance of alternative fuels, especially bioethanol and biodiesel, rises due to the limited oil sources, secure supply, prices changes, and environment pollution. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel which will be important in future, as a fuel produced from different crops and lignocelluloses materials. The quality of bioethanol has significant influence on the characteristics of mixtures with gasoline and engine performance. The investigations were performed with the bioethanol obtained as by-product from sugar industry, which is not denaturated and produced according the requests prescribed by standards for ethanol used in mixtures with gasoline. Main target was to examine the possibility of utilisation of bioethanol obtained as by-product and without additional technologies for purification and additional costs. The results of standard and non-standard investigations and engine tests of bioethanol and gasoline mixtures are presented.
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Navrátilová, Miroslava, Markéta Beranová, Lucie Severová, Karel Šrédl, Roman Svoboda, and Josef Abrhám. "The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010222.
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The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.
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Kumar, Balaji, Iniyan Selvarasan, Gurubalan Annadurai, and Senthilkumar Ramalingam. "Thermodynamic analysis of a single effect lithium bromide water absorption system using waste heat in sugar industry." Thermal Science 22, no. 1 Part B (2018): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151013285b.
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Energy analysis plays a vital role in the industry due to the use of electrical energy, global warming, and economy crises. This paper describes the waste heat available in the exhaust of the steam turbine and beneficial use of the waste heat. The sugar industry steam turbine exhaust carries enthalpy of steam at 2500 kJ/kg, this thermal energy can be put into beneficial use as the heat source to the vapor absorption refrigeration system to compensate energy required for DC thyrist motor, and this can also be used for cold storage. Energy savings in terms of cost and fuels are calculated. Investigation on the heat and mass transfer in evaporator has been carried out in vapor absorption system by varying the operating parameter. Less circulation ratio is required to increase the coefficient of performance. The inlet temperature of the coolant should be less for achieving higher coefficient of performance.
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Et. al., Mhamdi Hicham,. "Assessment of the feasibility of hybrid renewable power for supply pumping system for irrigation." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 1434–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.1380.
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Crop identification is vital to make an inventory of the crops grown in a given area and their cultivation period. The Remote sensing (RS) techniques can provide information on the distribution of cultivated land, crop types, and areas for the agricultural sector's effective management.
In remote sensing, various vegetation indices (VI) can analyze and evaluate multiple phenomena and themes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an essential and highly significant remote measurement widely used in agriculture for phenological monitoring and crop health (Ray and Dadhwal, 2001).
In this work, we present a methodology for the contribution of NDVI from Landsat 7 (TM) and (ETM+) images to crop mapping in the Gharb region using a classification based on the pixel approach and estimating rice crop coefficient from NDVI.
The classification results concern six main types of crops planted in this region (beet, maize, sugar cane, market gardening, cereals, and rice). The classification map showed differences in agricultural practices adopted by farmers in crop spatial distribution. The classification results showed the ability of this methodology to discriminate between crops.
Crop coefficients were deduced from the NDVI extracted from the images. Due to meteorological data collected from the meteorological station TCSC of SK Tlet, the estimation of the reference evapotranspiration was made and subsequently the potential evapotranspiration of each crop during the agricultural season 2019-2020.
The highest values for ETC were obtained when the crop was in its full development when water was mainly lost through transpiration after a slight decrease in the ratio values observed during the phase of the vegetative cycle (maturity).
The water requirements (daily, monthly and annual) for the crops were determined and their electrical energy consumption.
Renewable energy can be an effective solution to meet the energy needs of plots , greenhouses and large farms.
A technical-economic study of different combinations of autonomous hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) in order to meet the power supply needs of the above mentioned crops in the Gharb region. The renewable energy sources considered are solar, wind and biomass. The results show that for an average energy requirement of 92 kWh/day and a peak load of 6.5 kW, the unit energy cost of the optimal configuration scenario A (PV-wind-biomass-battery) is 0.19 $/kWh. Therefore, the design, development and implementation of the proposed system is a promising solution for the security of energy supply. For a 100% integration of renewable energy, the HRES produces electricity according to the following distribution: 11% from wind, 41% from solar and 48% from biomass.
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Kolo, Sefrinus Maria Dolfi, Jefry Presson, and Pricilia Amfotis. "Produksi Bioetanol sebagai Energi Terbarukan dari Rumput Laut Ulva reticulata Asal Pulau Timor." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 17, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.45476.159-167.
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<p>Rumput laut dengan kandungan karbohidrat dan lipid yang tinggi dianggap menjadi sumber energi terbarukan generasi ketiga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar gula pereduksi optimum, mengetahui tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis serta menentukan kadar etanol hasil fermentasi. Kandungan karbohidrat rumput laut <em>Ulva reticulata</em> dapat dikonversi menjadi gula heksosa dan pentosa (glukosa, arabinosa, ramnosa, dan xilosa) melalui hidrolisis asam. Campuran gula optimum hasil proses hidrolisis kemudian dikonversi menjadi etanol menggunakan ragi <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. Fermentasi dilakukan dengan konsentrasi inokulum 10% (v/v) selama 5 hari pada temperatur 30 °C dan pH 4,5. Analisis tekstur permukaan sampel dilakukan dengan <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Analisis gula pereduksi dilakukan dengan metode DNS (Dinitro salisilat). Analisis etanol dilakukan dengan uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan metode berat jenis dan kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya suhu hidrolisis pada suhu 75 °C ke 150 °C (2,3 – 23,7 g/L) dan mengalami penurunan kadar pada suhu 175 °C menjadi 17,1 g/L. Hasil analisis dengan variasi konsentrasi terhadap waktu 30, 40, 50, dan 60 menit terlihat bahwa kadar gula pereduksi meningkat seiring meningkatnya waktu hidrolisis dari 30 menit sampai 50 menit yakni 23,7 – 33,4 g/L dan mengalami penurunan pada waktu 60 menit yakni 19,2 g/L. Kadar gula pereduksi optimum sebesar 33,4 g/L pada suhu 150 °C dengan konsentrasi asam 2 % pada waktu hidrolisis 50 menit. Tekstur permukaan serbuk sebelum dan sesudah hidrolisis mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Hasil uji kualitatif etanol hasil fermentasi dibuktikan dengan adanya perubahan warna dari jingga menjadi biru. Hasil uji kadar etanol dengan metode berat jenis yakni sebesar 1% dan metode kromatografi gas sebesar 5,02%.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Bioethanol Production as Renewable Energy from <em>Ulva Reticulata</em> Seaweed from Timor Island. </strong>Seaweed with carbohydrate and lipid content is considered to be the third generation of renewable energy sources. The carbohydrate content of <em>Ulva reticulata</em> seaweed can be converted into hexose and pentose sugars (glucose, arabinose, ramnose, and xylose) through acid hydrolysis. The optimum sugar mixture resulting from the hydrolysis process is then converted to ethanol using <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> yeast. Fermentation was carried out with an inoculum concentration of 10% (v/v) for five days at a temperature of 30 °C and a pH of 4.5. Analysis of the surface texture of the sample was carried out by <em>Scanning Electron Microscopy</em> (SEM). Reducing sugar analysis was performed using the DNS (Dinitrosalicylate) method. Ethanol analysis was carried out by qualitative and quantitative tests using specific gravity and gas chromatography methods. The results showed that the reducing sugar content increased with increasing hydrolysis temperature at 75 °C to 150 °C (2.3 – 23.7 g/L) and decreased levels at 175 °C to 17.1 g/L. The results of the analysis with various concentrations of 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes showed that reducing sugar levels increased with increasing hydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 50 minutes, namely 23.7 – 33.4 g/L and decreased at 60 minutes, namely 19.2 g/L. The optimum reducing sugar content was 33.4 g/L at 150 °C with an acid concentration of 2% at 50 minutes of hydrolysis. Powder surface texture before and after hydrolysis experienced significant changes. The qualitative test results of fermented ethanol are evidenced by a change in color from orange to blue. The results of the ethanol content test using the specific gravity method were 1%, and that using the gas chromatography method was 5.02%.</p>
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Irvan, Ayu Wandira Putri, Sri Ulina Surbakti, and Bambang Trisakti. "PENGARUH KONSENTRASI RAGI DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI BIJI CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus champeden spreng)." Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU 5, no. 2 (June 29, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v5i2.1530.
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Needs fuel as a source of energy every day is increasing, while the energy reserves of petroleum (fossil) dwindling, therefore, to meet the needs of the fuel it is necessary to develop alternative fuels that are renewable and home environment (renewable ). Etonal Bioethanol is made from plants containing starch, sugar and other plant cellulose. Where in this study using jackfruit seeds that contain high enough carbohydrates as raw materials. This research aims to make bioethanol from cempedak seeds with various concentrations of yeast and fermentation time. The main process is hydrolysis; fermentation using yeast Saccharomyces Cereviciae; and purification by distillation and condensation. Variables used are changes in the concentration of yeast 3%, 6%, 9% and 2 days, 3 days, 4 days fermentation period. From the analysis of the research results obtained bioethanol yield per amount of raw materials is the best starting 12,5 ml/kg with a density of 0.962 g/ml and the calorific value sebasar 181.925 kcal/kg, which is the variation of the concentration of 9% and 3 days of fermentation period.
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Patel, Shalu, Savita Dixit, Kavita Gidwani Suneja, and Nilesh Tipan. "Second Generation Biofuel – An Alternative Clean Fuel." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.364.
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Renewable energy resources are in high demand to decrease dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Biofuel industries, particularly bioethanol and biodiesel, have been rapidly increasing in tandem with agricultural production over more than a decade. First-generation biofuel manufacturing is heavily reliant on agriculture food sources like maize, sugarcane, sugar beets, soybeans, and canola. As a result, the intrinsic competitiveness among foods and fuels has been a point of contention in community for the past couple of years. Existing technological advancements in research and innovation have paved the way for the manufacturing of next-generation biofuels from a variety of feedstock’s, including agricultural waste materials, crops remnants and cellulosic biomass from high-yielding trees and bushes varieties. This report discusses the existing state of second-generation biofuel manufacturing as well as the feedstock utilized in fuel production, biofuel production globally and the current situation in India. This study also explores the current advancements in the findings and advancement of second-generation biofuel extraction from various feedstock’s. The forthcoming directions of agriculture and energy industrial sectors has also been addressed in order to feed the world 's growing population and to fuel the world's most energy-intensive industry, transportation.
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Teixeira de Oliveira, Job, Rubens Alves de Oliveira, Oswaldo Arce Brito, Fernando França da Cunha, and Ricardo Gava. "Increase in the irrigated area of sugarcane and its potential in the bioenergetic generation of Brazil." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 17, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2021.v17.n3.a437.
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Sugarcane has alarge capacity for producing electricity using completely clean technology from a renewable source, contributing to environmental preservation. This study aimed to evaluate the increase in biomass resulting from the implementation of irrigation in Brazilian sugarcane plantations, estimate the potential for cogeneration, and calculate how much it will be possible to increase the Brazilian energy cogenerated with sugarcane bagasse and the impact on the Brazilian energy matrix. The increase in irrigation in the rainfed areas of Brazilian sugarcane plantations has substantial potential in increasing biomass for energy cogeneration. Considering an increase of 15% in the sugarcane plantation yields in rainfed areas achieved by the increase in irrigation, it leadsto a potential increase of 96.39 million tons of sugarcane and 26.80 million tons biomass produced. In the energy matrix, the potential impact is 1.42 GWh of cogenerated energy, which corresponds to a 12.47% increase in cogeneration in the sugar-energy sector and a 0.85% increase in Brazil's energy matrix. The expansion of the sugarcane irrigated area contributes to the increase in the production of bagasse and bioenergetic generation in Brazil.