Academic literature on the topic 'Sugarcane bagasse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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Jonglertjunya, Woranart, Piyawat Chinwatpaiboon, Hathairat Thambaramee, and Paritta Prayoonyong. "Butanol, Ethanol and Acetone Production from Sugarcane Bagasses by Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation Using Clostridium sp." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 1602–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.1602.
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Utilization of sugarcane bagasses for butanol, ethanol and acetone production was studied by acid hydrolysis and bacterial fermentation. Glucose, xylose and arabinose contents of sugarcane bagasse hydrolyzed in 5% (v/v) sulfuric acid solution were investigated in respective range of 5 to 60 min. Results showed glucose and xylose released during hydrolysis at 121 C and long treatment time of 60 minutes had high concentrations of 18.7 and 19.8 g/l, respectively. The sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate was then used for butanol, ethanol and acetone production by anaerobic fermentation using C.butyricum, C. sporogenes, C.beijerinckii and C.acetobutylicum. The maximum production based on solvent yield was 4.7 g/l butanol, 6.3 g/l ethanol and 9.7 g/l acetone obtained from fermentation of sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using C. beijerinckii for 48 hours in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) sugarcane bagasse.
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Chen, Ming-Jie, Xue-Qin Zhang, Chuan-Fu Liu, and Qing-Shan Shi. "Homogeneous Modification of Sugarcane Bagasse by Graft Copolymerization in Ionic Liquid for Oil Absorption Application." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6584597.
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Sugarcane bagasse, lignocellulosic residue from the sugar industry, is an abundant and renewable bioresource on the earth. The application of ionic liquids in sugarcane bagasse biorefinery is gaining increasing interest. The homogeneous modification of sugarcane bagasse by free radical initiated graft copolymerization of acrylate monomers using 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as solvent was performed. A variety of sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers with different weight percent gain were prepared via adjusting the monomer dosage. FT-IR studies confirmed the success in attaching the poly(acrylate) side chains onto sugarcane bagasse. Oil absorbency studies suggested that the sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers were potential biobased materials for effective treatment of ester-based oils. SEM studies showed that the sugarcane bagasse graft copolymers displayed a dense morphology structure. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the thermal stability of sugarcane bagasse decreased after the homogeneous modification by the graft copolymerization. The present study provides an alternative strategy to convert sugarcane bagasse into a value-added functional biobased material.
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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, and Eric C. Petrie. "Comparative Performance of Sugarcane Bagasse and Black Polyethylene as Mulch for Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Production." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 11 (October 16, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n11p1.
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Louisiana processed 11.7 million mt of sugarcane in 2016, producing 1.47 million mt of raw sugar and an estimated 3.5 million mt of bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse is the fibrous material remaining after removing the sucrose, water, and other impurities (filter mud) from the millable sugarcane. Typically, Louisiana sugarcane mills burn a portion of the bagasse to heat boilers to steam power the mill for grinding and sugar processing. The balance of the bagasse is stored at the sugar mill where it accumulates in immense piles. Research was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the use of sugarcane bagasse as a natural mulch for vegetable production. The field experiment compared sugarcane bagasse mulch, black plastic mulch, and no mulch (control) for suitable mulching treatments for squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) production. The black plastic mulch produced significantly greater marketable fruits/plant, fruit number, and total yield (kg/ha) across years compared to the sugarcane bagasse mulch. The sugarcane bagasse mulch and the no mulch control were not significantly different for these same parameters. Black plastic also produced heaver fruit (g/fruit) than the sugarcane bagasse mulch and the control in 2015. The black plastic mulch produced greater yields due to the greater cumulative growing degree days (CGDD) received compared to the sugarcane bagasse mulch and no mulch control. The sugarcane bagasse mulch tended to mitigate temperature extremes by serving as a soil insulator. Future research should investigate the potential deleterious impact, if any, of the sugarcane bagasse on soil microbes, C/N ratio, soil pH, and allelopathy, which might adversely influence cucurbit growth.
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Samosir, F., L. E. Hutabarat, C. C. Purnomo, and S. P. Tampubolon. "The effect of bagasse fibers material with pumice as a partial substitution of coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength on lightweight concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 878, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/878/1/012046.
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Abstract Based on data from the Indonesian Sugar Plantation Research Center (P3GI) bagasse produced 32% of the weight of ground sugar cane. Data obtained from the Indonesian Sugar Expert Association (IKAGI) shows the number of sugar cane milled by 57 sugar mills in Indonesia reaches around 30 million tons, so the bagasse produced is estimated to reach 9,640,000 tons. However, as much as 60% of the sugarcane bagasse ash is used by sugar factories as fuel, raw material for paper and others. Therefore, it is estimated that 40% of the sugarcane bagasse ash has not been utilized. In this research sugarcane bagasse used as fiber material with using pumice partial substitutions for coarse aggregate to increase compressive strength and tensile strength of lightweight concrete. The test is conducted on specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm at the age of 28 days. Result of test shows lightweight concrete with 0.25% sugarcane bagasse reach optimum compressive strength at 13.74 MPa, compare to 12.83 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 13.40 MPa with 0.5% sugarcane bagasse, and 11.61 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse. Furthermore, the results of the tensile strength test show a significant increase up to 0.25% bagasse fibers reach 1.81 MPa, compare to 1.51 MPa without sugarcane bagasse; 1.72 MPa with 0.5%; and 1.56 MPa with 1% sugarcane bagasse.
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Shaharuddin, Shahrulzaman, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, and Ida Idayu Muhamad. "Sugarcane Bagasse as the Potential Agro-Waste Resource for the Immobilization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442." Advanced Materials Research 1043 (October 2014): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.214.
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Sugarcane bagasse was successfully developed to be used as immobilizing agent for Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442. Several different structural and morphology were obtained between the sugarcane bagasse and immobilized probiotic-sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse was able to preserved high cell viability (~98%) after immobilization. Also it was shown that the bagasse was an excellent biomaterial for immobilizing Lactobacillus rhamnosus NRRL 442 and retaining the cell viability.
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Freitas, Wandemberg Rocha, Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira, Janaina Lima Silva, Antônia Sherlânea Chaves Véras, Leonardo José Assis Barros, Adryanne Marjorie Souza Vitor Alves, Juana Catarina Cariri Chagas, Thamires Damascena Quirino Siqueira, and Gleidiana Amélia Pontes de Almeida. "Sugarcane bagasse as only roughage for crossbred lactating cows in semiarid regions." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 3 (March 2018): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000300014.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of sugarcane bagasse, as exclusive roughage, on nutrient intake and digestibility, feeding behavior, microbial protein synthesis, and dairy performance of crossbred cows. Ten lactating Girolando breed cows (600±34.3 kg body weight) were assigned to a replicated 5×5 Latin square design. The control diet, based on spineless cactus, sugarcane bagasse, and concentrate, was formulated to meet the average production of 20 kg of milk per day, with 3.5% fat. The evaluated levels of sugarcane bagasse were: 30, 38, 46, and 54% dry matter bases. The intake and digestibility of dry matter decreased linearly with sugarcane bagasse levels. Rumination time was higher in cows fed 54% sugarcane bagasse. The inclusion levels had no effect on non-esterified fatty acid contents or on the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, but beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations showed a quadratic pattern to the bagasse levels. Higher yields of 3.5% fat-corrected milk were obtained with cows fed 30% sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse inclusion in the diet of crossbred dairy cows decreases their performance; however, the bagasse can be used as exclusive roughage when associated with 70% concentrate.
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Makhetha, TA, K. Mpitso, and AS Luyt. "Preparation and characterization of EVA/PLA/sugarcane bagasse composites for water purification." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (October 18, 2016): 1169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316675399.
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Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends and poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate/sugarcane bagasse composites were prepared by melt mixing. The lower viscosity of poly(lactic acid), the lower interfacial tension between poly(lactic acid) and sugarcane bagasse, and the wetting coefficient of poly(lactic acid)/sugarcane bagasse being larger than one, all suggested that sugarcane bagasse would preferably be in contact with poly(lactic acid). A fairly good dispersion of sugarcane bagasse was observed in the composites. Exposed fibre ends were observed in the composite micrographs, which were believed to add to the efficiency of metal adsorption. The impact properties depended more on the poly(lactic acid):ethylene vinyl acetate ratio than on the presence of sugarcane bagasse. The poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl acetate blends showed two melting peaks at approximately the same temperatures as those of the neat polymers, which confirms the complete immiscibility of poly(lactic acid) and ethylene vinyl acetate at all the investigated compositions. Sugarcane bagasse-related weight loss occurred at higher temperatures for sugarcane bagasse in the composites, which could have been the result of the sugarcane bagasse being protected by the polymers, or a delay in the diffusion of the sugarcane bagasse decomposition products out of the sample. Water absorption increased with an increase in sugarcane bagasse loading in the composites. More lead was adsorbed than one would expect if the partial coverage of the fibre by the polymer is taken into account, and therefore it may be assumed that some of the lead was trapped inside the cavities in the composites and that the polymers may also have played a role in the metal complexation process, since both polymers have functional groups that could interact with the lead ions. The metal impurities underwent monolayer adsorption.
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Imran, Nik Farhanim, Nor Hafida Hashim, Daliah Hasan, Ahmad Shalabi Mohd Radzi, and Muhammad Tasnim Harizan. "Behaviour of normal concrete with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) as partial cement replacement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1238, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1238/1/012016.
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Abstract Concrete has been known to the world to be one of the most crucial components of a developing country but there some downsides to the environment in making the concrete. Mixing concrete needs water, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and cements as the main component. Cement is the main cause of the disadvantages of normal concrete mixing because in cement production, it will emit a lot of carbon dioxide to the environment. The emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere is proven as one of the main problems that cause air pollution and greenhouse effect. Furthermore, in an agricultural dependent country like Malaysia, the agricultural waste had been concerning to the public whereby the Sugarcane Bagasse (ScB) is one of the agricultural wastes. Sugarcane Bagasse can be useful towards the civil engineering communities where the Sugarcane Bagasse can turn into ash by burning and grinding the Sugarcane Bagasse residual and turn into Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA). The Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) need to grind to make the particles of the ash to be cement-like of the particle size. Therefore, the purpose of the Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) in this research is to replace some percentage of the cement to minimize the production of cements. So, the objective of the research is to identify the optimum percentage of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash that can produce maximum value of compressive strength of concrete when it is being replace by Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA). The percentage of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) that will replace the percentage of cements is 0%, 4%, 8%, and 12%. Based on the results obtained the compressive strength of the concrete mix with 4% of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) is higher compared to the control sample which is 45.60MPa where the control sample only have 38.83MPa. In conclusion, by using the Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) it is proven that with the agricultural waste, it can be useful to the not only civil engineering communities but also to the world with the invention of using the Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (ScBA) as a replacement for cements where it can reduce the carbon dioxide emissions and the concern towards agricultural waste.
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Passoli, Abelim, Tiambo Abbas Datchossa, Douti Lare, and Emmanuel Olodo. "The Environmental Benefits of Using Sugarcane Bagasse in Cement Mortars." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 47 (December 20, 2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i474319.
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The promotion of ecological and renewable materials is gaining more and more interest. Some authors even maintain that the use of plant biomass helps to protect the environment, without giving any supporting values. The aim of this study is firstly to show how much carbon dioxide is saved by not burning sugar cane bagasse (SCB). Secondly, it highlights the structural advantages of using sugarcane bagasse in construction. To do this, we collected the carbon composition of sugarcane bagasse from the literature and evaluated the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during combustion using the carbon-to-carbon dioxide conversion equation. We then formulated an F0 control mortar. Volume fractions of this control mortar are replaced by sugarcane bagasse. For 0%, 3% and 6% rates of sugarcane bagasse, we obtained F0, F3 and F6 respectively.
The results of this study show that the use of sugarcane bagasse in the mortar makes it possible to lighten the loads on the structural elements while improving the flexural strength of the mortar for a rate of 3% of sugarcane bagasse. In addition, the combustion equation shows that, in the best-case scenario, one kilogram of burnt sugarcane bagasse releases 1.77 kg of carbon dioxide. Using mortar reinforced with sugarcane bagasse therefore helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These mortars can also be used as infill elements such as joists.
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En-Oon, Phatthraporn, Ponsuparat Sansunon, and Kowit Piyamongkala. "Adsorption of Direct Red 80 Dye from Solution by Sugarcane Bagasse and Modified Sugarcane Bagasse as Adsorbents." Materials Science Forum 872 (September 2016): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.872.175.
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The sugarcane bagasse and modified sugarcane bagasse with 1.0 M H2SO4 were used as adsorbents for removal of the direct red 80 in batch adsorption process. The effect on the initial concentration of the direct red 80, at 215.8 - 1028.9 mg/L, was thoroughly investigated in batch adsorption system. It was fount that the point of zero charge of sugarcane bagasse and modified sugarcane bagasse were pH 4.9 and 2.0, respectively. The adsorption capacity increased with initial concentration of direct red 80. The experimental results showed that adsorption capacity onto 1.0 g of sugarcane bagasse and modified sugarcane bagasse for direct red 80 initial concentration 1,028.9 mg/L were 4.2 and 28.9 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to describe the direct red 80 uptake, which could be described by Langmuir isotherm onto both adsorbents.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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Hugo, Thomas Johannes. "Pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5238.
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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The world’s depleting fossil fuels and increasing greenhouse gas emissions have given rise to much research into renewable and cleaner energy. Biomass is unique in providing the only renewable source of fixed carbon. Agricultural residues such as Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) are feedstocks for ‘second generation fuels’ which means they do not compete with production of food crops. In South Africa approximately 6 million tons of raw SB is produced annually, most of which is combusted onsite for steam generation. In light of the current interest in bio-fuels and the poor utilization of SB as energy product in the sugar industry, alternative energy recovery processes should be investigated. This study looks into the thermochemical upgrading of SB by means of pyrolysis. Biomass pyrolysis is defined as the thermo-chemical decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen or other reactants. Slow Pyrolysis (SP), Vacuum Pyrolysis (VP), and Fast Pyrolysis (FP) are studied in this thesis. Varying amounts of char and bio-oil are produced by the different processes, which both provide advantages to the sugar industry. Char can be combusted or gasified as an energy-dense fuel, used as bio-char fertilizer, or upgraded to activated carbon. High quality bio-oil can be combusted or gasified as a liquid energy-dense fuel, can be used as a chemical feedstock, and shows potential for upgrading to transport fuel quality. FP is the most modern of the pyrolysis technologies and is focused on oil production. In order to investigate this process a 1 kg/h FP unit was designed, constructed and commissioned. The new unit was tested and compared to two different FP processes at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) in Germany. As a means of investigating the devolatilization behaviour of SB a Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) study was conducted. To investigate the quality of products that can be obtained an experimental study was done on SP, VP, and FP. Three distinct mass loss stages were identified from TGA. The first stage, 25 to 110°C, is due to evaporation of moisture. Pyrolitic devolatilization was shown to start at 230°C. The final stage occurs at temperatures above 370°C and is associated with the cracking of heavier bonds and char formation. The optimal decomposition temperatures for hemicellulose and cellulose were identified as 290°C and 345°C, respectively. Lignin was found to decompose over the entire temperature range without a distinct peak. These results were confirmed by a previous study on TGA of bagasse. SP and VP of bagasse were studied in the same reactor to allow for accurate comparison. Both these processes were conducted at low heating rates (20°C/min) and were therefore focused on char production. Slow pyrolysis produced the highest char yield, and char calorific value. Vacuum pyrolysis produced the highest BET surface area chars (>300 m2/g) and bio-oil that contained significantly less water compared to SP bio-oil. The short vapour residence time in the VP process improved the quality of liquids. The mechanism for pore formation is improved at low pressure, thereby producing higher surface area chars. A trade-off exists between the yield of char and the quality thereof. FP at Stellenbosch University produced liquid yields up to 65 ± 3 wt% at the established optimal temperature of 500°C. The properties of the bio-oil from the newly designed unit compared well to bio-oil from the units at FZK. The char properties showed some variation for the different FP processes. At the optimal FP conditions 20 wt% extra bio-oil is produced compared to SP and VP. The FP bio-oil contained 20 wt% water and the calorific value was estimated at 18 ± 1 MJ/kg. The energy per volume of FP bio-oil was estimated to be at least 11 times more than dry SB. FP was found to be the most effective process for producing a single product with over 60% of the original biomass energy. The optimal productions of either high quality bio-oil or high surface area char were found to be application dependent.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die uitputting van fossielbrandstofreserwes, en die toenemende vrystelling van kweekhuisgasse word daar tans wêreldwyd baie navorsing op hernubare en skoner energie gedoen. Biomassa is uniek as die enigste bron van hernubare vaste koolstof. Landbouafval soos Suikerriet Bagasse (SB) is grondstowwe vir ‘tweede generasie bio-brandstowwe’ wat nie die mark van voedselgewasse direk affekteer nie. In Suid Afrika word jaarliks ongeveer 6 miljoen ton SB geproduseer, waarvan die meeste by die suikermeulens verbrand word om stoom te genereer. Weens die huidige belangstelling in bio-brandstowwe en ondoeltreffende benutting van SB as energieproduk in die suikerindustrie moet alternatiewe energie-onginningsprosesse ondersoek word. Hierdie studie is op die termo-chemiese verwerking van SB deur middel van pirolise gefokus. Biomassa pirolise word gedefinieer as die termo-chemiese afbreking van organiese bio-materiaal in die afwesigheid van suurstof en ander reagense. Stadige Pirolise (SP), Vakuum Pirolise (VP), en Vinnige Pirolise word in hierdie tesis ondersoek. Die drie prosesse produseer veskillende hoeveelhede houtskool en bio-olie wat albei voordele bied vir die suikerindustrie. Houtskool kan as ‘n vaste energie-digte brandstof verbrand of vergas word, as bio-houtskoolkompos gebruik word, of kan verder tot geaktiveerde koolstof geprosesseer word. Hoë kwaliteit bio-olie kan verbrand of vergas word, kan as bron vir chemikalië gebruik word, en toon potensiaal om in die toekoms opgegradeer te kan word tot vervoerbrandstof kwaliteit. Vinnige pirolise is die mees moderne pirolise tegnologie en is op bio-olie produksie gefokus. Om die laasgenoemde proses te toets is ‘n 1 kg/h vinnige pirolise eenheid ontwerp, opgerig en in werking gestel. Die nuwe pirolise eenheid is getoets en vegelyk met twee verskillende vinnige pirolise eenhede by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK) in Duitsland. Termo-Gravimetriese Analise (TGA) is gedoen om die ontvlugtigingskenmerke van SB te bestudeer. Eksperimentele werk is verrig om die kwaliteit van produkte van SP, VP, vinnige pirolise te vergelyk. Drie duidelike massaverlies fases van TGA is geïdentifiseer. Die eerste fase (25 – 110°C) is as gevolg van die verdamping van vog. Pirolitiese ontvlugtiging het begin by 230°C. Die finale fase (> 370°C) is met die kraking van swaar verbindings en die vorming van houtskool geassosieer. Die optimale afbrekingstemperatuur vir hemisellulose en sellulose is as 290°C en 345°C, respektiewelik, geïdentifiseer. Daar is gevind dat lignien stadig oor die twede en derde fases afgebreek word sonder ‘n duidelike optimale afbrekingstemperatuur. Die resultate is deur vorige navorsing op TGA van SB bevestig. SP en VP van bagasse is in dieselfde reaktor bestudeer, om ‘n akkurate vergelyking moontlik te maak. Beide prosesse was by lae verhittingstempo’s (20°C/min) ondersoek, wat gevolglik op houtskoolformasie gefokus is. SP het die hoogste houtskoolopbrengs, met die hoogste verbrandingsenergie, geproduseer. VP het hootskool met die hoogste BET oppervlakarea geproduseer, en die bio-olie was weens ‘n dramatiese afname in waterinhoud van beter gehalte. Die meganisme vir die vorming van ‘n poreuse struktuur word deur lae atmosferiese druk verbeter. Daar bestaan ‘n inverse verband tussen die kwantiteit en kwaliteit van die houtskool. Vinnige pirolise by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch het ‘n bio-olie opbrengs van 65 ± 3 massa% by ‘n vooraf vasgestelde optimale temperatuur van 500°C geproduseer. Die eienskappe van bio-olie wat deur die nuwe vinnige pirolise eenheid geproduseer is het goed ooreengestem met die bio-olie afkomstig van FZK se pirolise eenhede. Die houtskool eienskappe van die drie pirolise eenhede het enkele verskille getoon. By optimale toestande vir vinnige pirolise word daar 20 massa% meer bio-olie as by SP en VP geproduseer. Vinnige pirolise bio-olie het ‘n waterinhoud van 20 massa% en ‘n verbrandingswarmte van 18 ± 1 MJ/kg. Daar is gevind dat ten opsigte van droë SB die energie per enheidsvolume van bio-olie ongeveer 11 keer meer is. Vinnige pirolise is die mees doeltreffende proses vir die vervaardiging van ‘n produk wat meer as 60% van die oorspronklike biomassa energie bevat. Daar is gevind dat die optimale hoeveelhede van hoë kwaliteit bio-olie en hoë oppervlakarea houtskool doelafhanklik is.
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Anukam, Anthony Ike. "Gasification characteristics of sugarcane bagasse." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1016170.
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Sugarcane is a major crop in many countries. It is the most abundant lignocellulosic material in tropical countries such as South Africa. It is one of the plants with the highest bioconversion efficiency. The sugarcane crop is able to efficiently fix solar energy, yielding some 55 tons of dry matter per hectare of land annually. After harvest, the crop produces sugar juice and bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse is a residue that results from the crushing of sugarcane in the sugar industry. It is a renewable feedstock that can be used for power generation and manufacturing cellulosic ethanol. As biomass, sugarcane bagasse holds promise as a fuel source since it can produce more than enough electricity and heat energy to supply the needs of a common sugar factory. However, in the sugarcane industry the bagasse is currently burnt inefficiently in boilers that provide the heating for the industry. This project seeks to investigate the possibility of gasifying sugarcane bagasse as an efficient conversion technology. The investigation is necessary because fuel properties govern the gasifier design and ultimately, the gasification efficiency. Proximate and ultimate analysis of sugarcane bagasse was conducted after which the results were used to conduct a computer simulation of the mass and energy balance during gasification. The kinetic investigation undertaken through the TGA and DTG analyses revealed the activation energy and pre – exponential factor which were obtained by the model – free Kissinger method of kinetic analysis and were found to be 181.51 kJ/mol and 3.1 × 103/min respectively. The heating value of sugarcane bagasse was also measured and found to be 17.8 MJ/kg, which was used in the calculation of the conversion efficiency of the gasification process. Fuel properties, including moisture content and gasifier operating parameters were varied in order to determine optimum gasifier operating conditions that results in maximum conversion efficiency. The highest conversion efficiency was achieved at low moisture content after computer simulation of the gasification process. Moisture content also affected the volume of CO and H2 as the former decreases with increasing moisture content while the latter increases with increasing moisture content, accelerating the water – gas reaction. Scanning electron microscope fitted to an Energy dispersive X – ray spectroscopy was also used in order to view the shape and size distribution as well as determine the elemental composition of sugarcane bagasse. The results obtained established that the fuel properties and gasification conditions affect the conversion efficiency. During computer simulation, it was established that smaller particle size resulted in higher conversion efficiency. The smaller throat diameter also resulted in higher conversion efficiency. The throat angle of 25° also resulted in higher conversion efficiency. The temperature of input air was also found to be one of the major determining factors in terms of conversion efficiency. The dissertation presents the proximate and ultimate analysis results as well as the kinetic analysis results. The SEM/EDX analysis as well as the computer simulation results of the gasification process is also presented. The major contribution of this project was on the investigation of the gasification characteristics of sugarcane bagasse and the utilization of these in the design of a laboratory scale sugarcane bagasse gasifier with enhanced conversion efficiency through computer simulation.
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Pinheiro, Francisca Gleyciara Cavalcante. "Lignosulfonates production from lignin extracted sugarcane bagasse." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13799.
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Universidade Federal do CearÃThe present work aimed at the production of lignosulfonate, based in the lignin extracted from sugarcane bagasse-cane for using in phenolic resins. The extraction of lignin was carried out using the acetosolv process, which was optimised with a central composite design 22 to evaluate the effects of reaction time and temperature on the extraction yield, weight-average (M ̅w) and number-average (M ̅n) molecular weights, relative content of total hydroxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and methoxyl groups. The lignins obtained under conditions that maximized the extraction yield and showed better structural and thermal characteristics were sulfonated to obtain the lignosulfonates. The structural and thermal characteristics of the lignins and lignosulfonates were determined by FT-IR, GPC, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, DSC and TGA. The results show that the best extraction yield (64.5%) was obtained with 95% (w/w) of acetic acid, the addition of 0.1% HCl, at a temperature of 187 ÂC and reaction time of 40 min. However, with the same concentration of acetic acid and reaction time of 15 min at 187 ÂC, the extraction yield decreased to 55.6% Â 4.5%, without significant reduction. Furthermore, the increase in temperature of 187 ÂC to 205 ÂC was not enough to cause a significant increase in the relative content of hydroxyls and reduction of the relative content of methoxyl. These results show that the most appropriate conditions for adequate extraction of lignin for application in resins are: 95% (w/w) of acetic acid, addition of 0.1% of HCl, temperature of 187 ÂC and reaction time of 15 min. The acetosolv lignins showed p-hidroxifenila units as major constituent, higher thermal stability and higher purity than the commercial Kraft lignin. The glass transition temperature of the Kraft lignins was lower than that of the acetosolv lignin. This is due to the hydrophilic character and the presence of carbohydrates in the Kraft lignin. The lignosulfonates obtained in this study showed structural characteristics suitable for application in phenolic resins, because they showed high reactivity due to the greater presence of p-hidroxifenila units as major constituent, low molecular weights (40234878 g/mol), greater stability and greater purity compared to commercial sodium lignosulfonate. Therefore, lignosulfonates obtained in this work are more suitable for use in phenolic resins than commercial sodium lignosulfonate used for comparison.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a produÃÃo de lignossulfonato, a partir da lignina extraÃda do bagaÃo da cana-de-aÃÃcar para aplicaÃÃo em resinas fenÃlicas. Foi realizada a otimizaÃÃo da extraÃÃo da lignina do bagaÃo de cana-de-aÃÃcar utilizando o processo acetosolv. Para tanto, empregou-se um delineamento composto central 22 para analisar os efeitos do tempo de reaÃÃo e da temperatura no rendimento de extraÃÃo, massa molar ponderal mÃdia, massa molar numÃrica mÃdia, e conteÃdo relativo de hidroxilas totais, hidroxilas fenÃlicas e metoxilas. As ligninas obtidas nas condiÃÃes que maximizaram o rendimento de extraÃÃo e que mostraram melhores caracterÃsticas estruturais e tÃrmicas foram sulfonadas para obtenÃÃo dos lignossulfonatos. As caracterÃsticas estruturais e tÃrmicas das ligninas e dos lignossulfonatos foram determinadas por FT-IR, GPC, RMN-1H e 13C, TGA e DSC. Os resultados mostram que o melhor rendimento de extraÃÃo (64,5 % 4,2%) foi obtido com 95% (m/m) de Ãcido acÃtico, adiÃÃo de 0,1% de HCl, a uma temperatura de 187 C e tempo de reaÃÃo de 40 min. No entanto, com a mesma concentraÃÃo de soluÃÃo de Ãcido acÃtico e com tempo de reaÃÃo de 15 min a 187ÂC, o rendimento de extraÃÃo diminuiu para 55,6%  4,5%, nÃo sendo significativa esta reduÃÃo. AlÃm disto, a elevaÃÃo da temperatura de 187ÂC para 205ÂC nÃo foi suficiente para causar um aumento significativo no conteÃdo relativo de hidroxilas e reduÃÃo do conteÃdo relativo de metoxila. Esses resultados mostram que as condiÃÃes mais adequadas para extraÃÃo da lignina a ser aplicada em resinas sÃo: 95% (m/m) de Ãcido acÃtico, adiÃÃo de 0,1% de HCl, temperatura de 187 C e tempo de reaÃÃo de 15 min. As ligninas acetosolv apresentaram unidades p-hidroxifenila como constituinte majoritÃrio, maior estabilidade tÃrmica e maior pureza em relaÃÃo à lignina Kraft comercial. A temperatura de transiÃÃo vÃtrea da lignina Kraft foi menor do que à das ligninas acetosolv, devido à sua caracterÃstica hidrofÃlica e à presenÃa de carboidratos na lignina Kraft. Os lignossulfonatos obtidos no presente trabalho apresentaram caracterÃsticas estruturais adequadas para aplicaÃÃo em resinas fenÃlicas, pois mostraram alta reatividade devido a maior presenÃa de unidades p-hidroxifenila como constituinte majoritÃrio, baixas massas molares (4023 a 4878 g/mol), maior estabilidade e uma maior pureza em relaÃÃo ao lignossulfonato de sÃdio comercial. Portanto, os lignossulfonatos obtidos no presente trabalho sÃo mais adequados para aplicaÃÃo em resinas fenÃlicas do que o lignossulfonato de sÃdio comercial utilizado no presente trabalho.
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Oderah, Vincent. "Shear strength behaviour of sugarcane bagasse reinforced soils." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20106.
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Sugarcane is considered as the most abundant plant based crop grown in the tropics and part of the temperate climates. Its by-product, sugarcane bagasse, constitutes 30% of the total production. In the past, it was considered as waste material but contemporaries through innovative research projects over the years have found uses for it. Among these projects is soil reinforcement, which provides an alternative application to industrial by-products and natural fibres as a way of reducing their environmental footprints and contributing to sustainable geotechnics. Although bagasse morphological composition contains structural elements ideal for reinforcement and composite materials, it has received little research as a standalone reinforcement material. Because of this, a direct shear test was therefore initiated to establish the usefulness of using sugarcane bagasse as a soil reinforcement material by comparing the extent of shear strength and stiffness response due to its inclusion to unreinforced soil. Three different types of bagasse, fibre, millrun and pith, were added to unreinforced soil in percentage by weight content of 0.3 - 1.7. The bagasse was added to Klipheuwel sand, Cape Flats sand and Kaolin Clay at both dry and moist conditions. In addition, durability studies involving 12 cycles of wetting and drying, and soaking for a period of 14 days were constituted.
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Lyatuu, Eric M. M. "Utilization of lignocellulosic wastes : the sugarcane bagasse case." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847663/.
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This work was stimulated by the fact that supplies of fossil fuels are finite, while there are abundant renewable forms of energy waiting to be tapped. The current fossil fuels store is reviewed before identifying usable forms of renewable energy which could replace or supplement fossil fuels. Bagasse - a solid byproduct in sugarcane milling - is then described in detail as a typical lignocellulosic waste which forms part of a larger class of renewable energy sources called biomass. The chemical and physical characteristics, as well as world-wide regions of production of bagasse are described. The research work therefore concerned itself with investigating various physical methods of conserving renewable energy by improving on the extraction efficiency of such energy from bagasse. The equipment used for carrying out the research work is described in detail in chapter two. The methods employed in carrying out the investigations are similarly described in the same chapter, detailing every step in the investigations, including any precautions which had to be taken. The crude results from the investigations are analysed in detail in chapter three so that fuel combustion, combustion oxygen demand, heat and mass balances for the process are considered. An analysis of the boiler system - the main equipment in the investigations - is also carried out in chapter three so that temperatures, gas flow patterns, particle elutriations and size distributions of the fuel in the system are established. Conclusions of the investigations are then drawn from the analyses of chapter three. As a prelude to the conclusion of the work, an industrial biomass survey carried out in Tanzania is analysed to show that bagasse is not the only lignocellulosic which is produced industrially, and that reasonable financial savings can be obtained from these other lignocellulosics. The work concludes by describing a few areas of related research interest for further investigation.
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Cortes, Benitez Ana. "Thermal processing of miscanthus, sugarcane bagasse, sugarcane trash and their acid hydrolysis residues." Thesis, Aston University, 2015. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/25492/.
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The research presented in this thesis was developed as part of DIBANET, an EC funded project aiming to develop an energetically self-sustainable process for the production of diesel miscible biofuels (i.e. ethyl levulinate) via acid hydrolysis of selected biomass feedstocks. Three thermal conversion technologies, pyrolysis, gasification and combustion, were evaluated in the present work with the aim of recovering the energy stored in the acid hydrolysis solid residue (AHR). Mainly consisting of lignin and humins, the AHR can contain up to 80% of the energy in the original feedstock. Pyrolysis of AHR proved unsatisfactory, so attention focussed on gasification and combustion with the aim of producing heat and/or power to supply the energy demanded by the ethyl levulinate production process. A thermal processing rig consisting on a Laminar Entrained Flow Reactor (LEFR) equipped with solid and liquid collection and online gas analysis systems was designed and built to explore pyrolysis, gasification and air-blown combustion of AHR. Maximum liquid yield for pyrolysis of AHR was 30wt% with volatile conversion of 80%. Gas yield for AHR gasification was 78wt%, with 8wt% tar yields and conversion of volatiles close to 100%. 90wt% of the AHR was transformed into gas by combustion, with volatile conversions above 90%. 5volO2%-95vol%N2 gasification resulted in a nitrogen diluted, low heating value gas (2MJ/m3). Steam and oxygen-blown gasification of AHR were additionally investigated in a batch gasifier at KTH in Sweden. Steam promoted the formation of hydrogen (25vol%) and methane (14vol%) improving the gas heating value to 10MJ/m3, below the typical for steam gasification due to equipment limitations. Arrhenius kinetic parameters were calculated using data collected with the LEFR to provide reaction rate information for process design and optimisation. Activation energy (EA) and pre-exponential factor (ko in s-1) for pyrolysis (EA=80kJ/mol, lnko=14), gasification (EA=69kJ/mol, lnko=13) and combustion (EA=42kJ/mol, lnko=8) were calculated after linearly fitting the data using the random pore model. Kinetic parameters for pyrolysis and combustion were also determined by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), including studies of the original biomass feedstocks for comparison. Results obtained by differential and integral isoconversional methods for activation energy determination were compared. Activation energy calculated by the Vyazovkin method was 103-204kJ/mol for pyrolysis of untreated feedstocks and 185-387kJ/mol for AHRs. Combustion activation energy was 138-163kJ/mol for biomass and 119-158 for AHRs. The non-linear least squares method was used to determine reaction model and pre-exponential factor. Pyrolysis and combustion of biomass were best modelled by a combination of third order reaction and 3 dimensional diffusion models, while AHR decomposed following the third order reaction for pyrolysis and the 3 dimensional diffusion for combustion.
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VALIM, ISABELLE CUNHA. "MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES IN SUGARCANE BAGASSE DELIGNIFICATION PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35985@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O bagaço da cana-de-açúcar é uma biomassa vegetal que possui muito potencial de uso devido aos seus três elementos estruturais: celulose, hemicelulose e lignina. Para servir como matéria prima na produção de insumos, o bagaço da cana-de-açúcar precisa passar por um processo de pré-tratamento. Nesse estudo, duas metodologias para o processo de pré-tratamento do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar foram utilizadas: a deslignização via peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) e via dióxido de carbono supercrítico (ScCO2). Para o estudo utilizando H2O2, foram desenvolvidos modelos a partir de planejamento experimental, Algoritmos Genéticos (GA, do inglês Genetic Algorithms), Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Neuro-Fuzzy (ANFIS). As variáveis independentes foram temperatura (25 – 60 graus Celsius), concentração de H2O2 (2 – 15 por cento m/v) e pH (10 – 13), tendo como resposta os teores de lignina residual e oxidada no processo, através de análises de FT-IR e análise pelo método de Klason. Para o estudo utilizando ScCO2 foram construídos modelos a partir de RNA e ANFIS. As variáveis estudadas no processo foram: temperatura (35 – 100 graus Celsius), pressão (75- 300 bar) e teor de etanol na solução de co-solvente (0 – 100 graus Celsius). De modo geral, para os dois processos, os modelos desenvolvidos consideram as variáveis independentes como sendo neurônios na camada de entrada e as variáveis dependentes como sendo neurônios na camada de saída. Todos os modelos neurais e ANFIS desenvolvidos neste trabalho foram avaliados pelo coeficiente de correlação e índices de erro (SSE, MSE e RMSE), além do número de parâmetros. Os resultados mostraram que, dentre estas estratégias estudadas, os modelos neurais se mostraram mais satisfatórios para predição das respostas do pré-tratamento com H2O2, já que se encaixa nos índices de performance estipulados. O mesmo ocorreu no modelo neural para predição do teor de lignina residual no pré-tratamento com ScCO2. Para cada modelo polinomial e neural desenvolvido, foi realizada a investigação das superfícies de respostas e das curvas de contorno. Com esse recurso, foi possível a identificação dos melhores pontos operacionais para os processos, visando a minimização dos teores de lignina residual e oxidada na biomassa.
Sugarcane bagasse is a plant biomass that has a great potential for use due to its three structural elements: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. To serve as raw material in the production of other products, sugarcane bagasse needs to undergo a pre-treatment process. In this study, two methodologies for the sugarcane bagasse pretreatment process were used: delignification via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and via supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2). The models for study the process with H2O2 were developed from experimental planning, Genetic Algorithms (GA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Neuro-Fuzzy (ANFIS). The independent variables were: temperature (25- 60 degrees Celsius), H2O2 concentration (2 - 15 percent m/v) and pH (10-13). The residual and oxidized lignin contents in the process were evaluated from FT-IR and Klason method analysis. The models for study the process with ScCO2 were developed from RNA and ANFIS. The variables studied in the process were: temperature (35-100 degrees Celsius), pressure (75-300 bar) and ethanol content in the aqueous solution of co-solvent (0-100 percent). In general, for the two processes, the developed models consider the independent variables to be neurons in the input layer and the dependent variables to be neurons in the output layer. All the neural and ANFIS models developed in this study were evaluated by the correlation coefficient and error indexes (SSE, MSE and RMSE), as well as the number of parameters. From the stipulated indices of performance, among the results obtained by the different strategies, the neural models were the most satisfactory for the prediction of pretreatment responses with H2O2. The same occurred in the neural model for prediction of the residual lignin content in the pre-treatment with ScCO2. Response surfaces and the contour curves were investigated for each polynomial and neural model developed. With this resource, it was possible to identify the best operational points for the processes, pointing at minimizing the residual and oxidized lignin contents in the biomass.
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Al-Ani, F. A. "Delignification of sugarcane bagasse by chemical, physical and microbiological treatments." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371315.
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Paulose, Paulose. "Anaerobic digestion of sugarcane trash and bagasse for biomethane production." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/405200.
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Sugarcane cultivation is a major source and sinks of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). In 2019, approximately 30.04 x 106 t of sugarcane was harvested from 364,428 ha of land. Of the total cane harvested, sugarcane bagasse (SB) and sugarcane trash (ST) accounted for 30.1% and 14.9%, respectively. Further, fossil fuel consumption in the transport of cane to mills was 29.15 ML and is equivalent to 221.5 Mt CO2-equivalent GHG emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sugar industry wastes for biomethane production and use as vehicle fuel (bioCNG) would reduce the fossil fuel consumption and the associated GHG emissions in cane transportation to mill.
The study aims to optimize biogas production and upgrade the produced biogas to vehicle fuel. For that the study is divided into different objectives. To determine the substrate characteristic and suitable AD parameters viz biodegradability (Experiment I), particle size (Experiment II), acid/base thermal pretreatment (Experiment III), C:N ratio (Experiment IV), and trace nutrient supplementation (Experiment V), to generate the maximum methane yield from ST with respect to SB was designed as objective I. At first, chemical composition and methane yields of ST and SB were determined through bench-scale biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests (Experiment I). Buswell’s equation predicted a theoretical methane yield of 291.0 and 349.4 mL CH4 g-1VSadded for ST (C107.8H179.1O101.4N1S0.08) and SB (C86.7H134.3O64.9N1S0.07), respectively. The corresponding methane yields with Modified Dulong’s equation were 266.3 and 298.7 mL CH4 g-1VSadded, respectively. The calculated energy value was 14.1 MJ for ST and 12.6 MJ for SB. However, experimental methane yields obtained were 161.8 and 187.9 mL CH4 g-1VSadded for ST and SB, respectively. First-order kinetic model revealed that experimental data fitted well (R2 = 0.99) with the modelling data and the hydraulic rate constant (khyd) values of 0.04 and 0.06 day-1 were obtained for ST and SB, respectively. However, modified Gompertz model had a lag phase () of 2.1 and 1.7 day, for ST and SB, respectively indicating hydrolysis was the rate limiting step for the studied lignocellulosic feedstocks. Thus, the effect of mechanical (Experiment II)., thermal and chemical pretreatments (Experiment III) on chemical composition and methane yields of ST and SB were evaluated. The effect of particle size of <0.25, 0.25-0.50, 0.50-1 and 1-2 mm on chemical composition and methane yields were determined. Results showed that particle size reduction had a profound effect on methane yields, especially for SB than for ST. For ST, particle size of 1-2 mm showed an improvement in methane yields by 19.1% over control (161.8 mL CH4 g-1 VSadded). For SB, the increase in methane yields over control (189.7 mL CH4 g-1 VSadded) were by 23.6%, 20.3%, 18.1% and 6.4% respectively at particle sizes of 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5, 0.13-0.25 mm, respectively. These results suggest that the optimal particle size for anaerobic digestion of ST and SB will be 1-2 mm for maximum methane yield. Further, mechanical pretreatment through milling did not solubilise hemi-cellulose and/or improve delignfication but improved the surface area of the holocellulose. Therefore, the effect of chemical catalysts (dilute NaOH, H2SO4, HNO3) with and without steam explosion on chemical composition and methane yields was evaluated (Experiment III). Pretreatment conditions used for the steam explosion were 130 °C for 5 minutes at acid/base concentration of 2.5% catalyst loading. Results showed that the studied pretreatments had a profound effect on chemical composition and methane yields of ST. On comparison to control, dilute H2SO4, followed by NaOH and HNO3 addition with steam explosion improved the methane yields of ST by 63.5%, 52.1% and 45.6%, respectively. Steam explosion alone also improved the methane yields of ST by 40% over control. Biomass composition analysis showed that dilute H2SO4, HNO3, NaOH and steam explosion alone had improved the glucan content by 13.7%, 11.7%, 9.3% and 3% respectively than control. Dilute H2SO4 pretreatment improved the glucan availability by 45.2% and hemicellulose (xylan and arabinan) solubilisation by 63.7%-66.9%. Lignin depolymerisation in pretreated ST was improved (16.7%) over untreated ST. In Experiment I, chemical composition of ST and SB showed that the studied substrates were deficit in trace elements and contained high carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 92.4and 146.5 respectively. Therefore, the effect of C/N ratios of 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 35:1 and 40:1 with urea addition on methane yields of ST and SB was investigated (Experiment IV). Results showed that methane yields improved by 13.6% and 11.3% for ST when the C/N ratio was at 20:1 and 25:1, respectively. The corresponding values for SB were 14.2% and 14.3% at 20:1 to 25:1 C/N ratio, respectively. Both these results indicate that the optimal C/N was 20-25:1 for AD of lignocellulosic residues such as ST and SB. On the other hand, the effect of trace nutrients nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on methane yields during AD of ST and SB (Experiment V) showed that trace elements supplementation influenced the methane yields and both substrates responded differently. With ST, methane yields of 68.1% and 68.7% increase over control were noticed with addition of Co and Mo, respectively. For SB, methane yields increased by 48.6%, 63.9% and 4.8% with Co, Mo and Mn dosing at 2, 3, 90 mg kg-1 respectively. All other TE addition resulted in lower methane yields than control or inhibited the biogas production at different stages of incubation.
All the batch BMP tests were conducted in triplicates at inoculum to substrate (ISR) ratio of 2 in serum glass bottles with a working volume of 100 mL and incubated statically at 37 °C. All the results were analysed for variance using LSD and Dunnett-t test giving methane yield as dependent variable (p<0.05).
Second objective was designed to study the effect of organic loading on process performance and methane yields in four lab-scale stainless reactors (10 L working volume) and operated at an initial organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 gVS L-1 d-1 with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 35 days for 225 days. Reactors were fed with untreated ST (ST), untreated SB (SB), pretreated SB (TB) and pretreated ST (TT). Dilute H2SO4 followed by steam explosion (Experiment II) was used for pretreatment of ST and SB. OLR was increased in a stepwise manner from the initial rate of 1.5 to 2.5 and 3.5 gVS L-1 d-1. OLR was changed upon achieving steady-state condition and/or operating for 2 consecutive HRTs. Methane production rates and yields responded with increase in OLR from 1.5 to 2.5 gVS L-1 d-1. Mean methane yields of 138, 173, 248 and 252 ml g-1VSfed were obtained at an OLR 1.5 gVS L-1 d-1 in ST, SB, TT and TB reactors, respectively. Increase in OLR to 2.5 gVS L-1 d-1 showed decrease in methane yields. Mean methane yields obtained for TB, TT, SB and ST were 121, 148, 226, 236 ml g-1VSfed with a VS removal rate of 48.5, 51.4, 51.5 and 52.4%, respectively. Process parameters such as pH, total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were shown to be stable and were 7.3-7.5, 0.36-0.54 g L-1 and 0.79-0.98 g L-1 respectively during operational OLR’s. Further increase in OLR from 2.5 to 3.5 gVS L-1 d-1 resulted in further decrease in methane yields and unstable AD process. At OLR 3.5 gVS L-1 d-1, methane yields were 119, 139, 189 and 199 ml g-1VSfed for substrates ST, SB, TT and TB respectively. TVFA accumulation was noticed (1.55-2.49 g L-1) , pH was 7.4-7.5 and lower methane concentration (50.5-51.9%). Residual methane production (RMP) test after each OLR indicated the process efficiency. At OLR 2.5 gVS L-1 d-1, TT and TB reactors had the lowest RMP (32.1% and 30.2% respectively) with relatively high VS removal compared with SB and ST reactors. These results indicate that steam explosion with dilute sulphuric acid improved the biodegradability and methane yields of ST and SB. The results obtained from the lab-scale reactors were used to design and optimise process performance and methane yields from pretreated sugarcane trash in pilot-scale reactors (date not presented).
Third objective was designed to evaluate detailed biogas composition and to develop and optimise high pressure water scrubbing technology (HPWS). For that, the biogas composition, energy content, siloxanes and trace volatile organic compounds in biogas generated from lab-scale biogas reactors were determined and compared with the pilot-scale. Laboratory biogas samples were collected during the steady-state condition when the reactors were operated at an OLR of 2.5 gVS L-1 d-1. Results showed that biogas collected from ST, SB, TT and TB reactor had methane concentration of 52.3, 52.2, 52.7, 52.7 %, respectively. The corresponding lower calorific values (LCV) were 18.4, 18.1, 18.9 and 19.2 MJ m-3 respectively. The wobbe index values in the biogases were 18.3, 18.2, 18.7 and 19.0 MJ m-3, respectively. Volatile organic compounds were noticed in the biogas samples. Organic silicon compounds (siloxanes) were in the range of 0-0.4 mg m-3. The reduced sulphur compounds and benzene and toluene content in the biogases were in the range of 0.7-1.3 mg m-3 and 0.2-0.7 mg m-3, respectively. Among the studied siloxanes, the proportion of cyclic siloxane (D3:D4:D5) viz., hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) were noticed. The ratio of D3:D4:D5 in biogases produced from lab-reactors were 68.5:5.7: 22.4 for ST, 33.9:4.9: 60.1 for SB, 25:8.6:69.3 for TT and 14.8:3.7:81.8 for TB. Trimethylsilanol, linear siloxanes and decamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) content in the biogases were below the detection limits. Volatile organic compounds, reduced sulphur compounds and siloxanes cause environmental impact and affect biomethane quality for vehicle fuel use.
Biogas composition from pilot-scale biogas reactors (1.2 m3 reactor with 0.8 m3 working volume) fed with steam exploded ST at an OLR of 1.5 kgVS m-3 d-1 and HRT of 35 d was analysed to optimise the process parameters to achieve the desired biomethane quality and evaluate the energy requirements of pilot-scale biogas upgrading unit (10 m3 h-1) for biogas upgrading and bottling. Results showed that the biogas had 54.1% CH4 and 39.7% CO2 and the produced biogas was upgraded to 96.7% biomethane purity by using high pressure water scrubbing process. Experimental data from the biogas upgrading process was used to optimise biogas upgrading by using Aspen Plus software. The influence of process parameters such as absorber column pressure, water to gas flow rate, temperature on biomethane purity and percentage of H2S and CO2 removal were evaluated. Experimental results showed that at liquid flow rate of 3 m3/hr, fluid temperature of 20°C, at absorption column pressure of 8 bar with 4 m random packing material with redistributor at 2 m with 25 mm plastic pall ring packing material; biogas can be upgraded to biomethane of 96.8% CH4, 2.9% CO2, < 1 ppm H2S. These model results were validated with software simulation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Keskar, Sai S. "A study of ionic liquids for dissolution of sugarcane bagasse." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/50829/1/Sai_Keskar_Thesis.pdf.
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Over the last decade, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been used for the dissolution and derivatization of isolated cellulose. This ability of ILs is now sought for their application in the selective dissolution of cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass, for the manufacture of cellulosic ethanol. However, there are significant knowledge gaps in the understanding of the chemistry of the interaction of biomass and ILs. While imidazolium ILs have been used successfully to dissolve both isolated crystalline cellulose and components of lignocellulosic biomass, phosphonium ILs have not been sufficiently explored for the use in dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass. This thesis reports on the study of the chemistry of sugarcane bagasse with phosphonium ILs.
Qualitative and quantitative measurements of biomass components dissolved in the phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs), trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride ([P66614]Cl) and tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulphate ([P4441]MeSO4) are obtained using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Absorption bands related to cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin dissolution monitored in situ in biomass-IL mixtures indicate lignin dissolution in both ILs and some holocellulose dissolution in the hydrophilic [P4441]MeSO4. The kinetics of lignin dissolution reported here indicate that while dissolution in the hydrophobic IL [P66614]Cl appears to follow an accepted mechanism of acid catalysed β-aryl ether cleavage, dissolution in the hydrophilic IL [P4441]MeSO4 does not appear to follow this mechanism and may not be followed by condensation reactions (initiated by reactive ketones). The quantitative measurement of lignin dissolution in phosphonium ILs based on absorbance at 1510 cm-1 has demonstrated utility and greater precision than the conventional Klason lignin method.
The cleavage of lignin β-aryl ether bonds in sugarcane bagasse by the ionic liquid [P66614]Cl, in the presence of catalytic amounts of mineral acid. (ca. 0.4 %). The delignification process of bagasse is studied over a range of temperatures (120 °C to 150 °C) by monitoring the production of β-ketones (indicative of cleavage of β-aryl ethers) using FTIR spectroscopy and by compositional analysis of the undissolved fractions. Maximum delignification is obtained at 150 °C, with 52 % of lignin removed from the original lignin content of bagasse. No delignification is observed in the absence of acid which suggests that the reaction is acid catalysed with the IL solubilising the lignin fragments. The rate of delignification was significantly higher at 150 °C, suggesting that crossing the glass transition temperature of lignin effects greater freedom of rotation about the propanoid carbon-carbon bonds and leads to increased cleavage of β-aryl ethers. An attempt has been made to propose a probable mechanism of delignifcation of bagasse with the phosphonuim IL.
All polymeric components of bagasse, a lignocellulosic biomass, dissolve in the hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL) tributylmethylphosphonium methylsulfate ([P4441]MeSO4) with and without a catalytic amount of acid (H2SO4, ca. 0.4 %). The presence of acid significantly increases the extent of dissolution of bagasse in [P4441]MeSO4 (by ca. 2.5 times under conditions used here). The dissolved fractions can be partially recovered by the addition of an antisolvent (water) and are significantly enriched in lignin. Unlike acid catalysed dissolution in the hydrophobic IL tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium chloride there is little evidence of cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds of lignin dissolving in [P4441]MeSO4 (with and without acid), but this mechanism may play some role in the acid catalysed dissolution. The XRD of the undissolved fractions suggests that the IL may selectively dissolve the amorphous cellulose component, leaving behind crystalline material.
Books on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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1906-, Payne John Howard, ed. Cogeneration in the cane sugar industry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.
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Katty Maria da Costa Mattos. Valoração econômica do meio ambiente: Uma abordagem teórica e prática. São Carlos, SP: RiMa, 2004.
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Suzor, Norland C. Identifying the basic conditions for economic generation of public electricity from surplus bagasse in sugar mills: A study prepared for the World Bank. Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (1818 H. St., N.W., Washington 20433): the World Bank, Industry and Energy Dept., 1991.
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Hasan, S. M. Zahid. Improved Energy from Sugarcane Bagasse: Technological and Socio-economic prospects. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2010.
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ENGINEERING IN PRACTICE: education, research, and applications. Brazil Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-257-0020-5.
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This book gathers 10 articles jointly written by students and alumni from the Fluminense Federal University (UFF)’s Production Engineering course, located in the Rio das Ostras Campus, in Rio de Janeiro, and by professors from UFF, from Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro State Institute, Northern Fluminense University, Estácio de Sá University and Cândido Mendes University. The publication is a Material, Maintenance and Environmental Engineering Lab (L3MA) initiative. By offering it to the public, the objective is to spread the scientific research that we are promoting and to encourage ou students and former students to enter the academic and scientific environment, as well as its propagation. Within this book, we compile articles of different subjects in the field of engineering, particularly Production Engineering. Technology and science are present in almost every aspect of life in the contemporary world and the present collection of articles portrays part of this reality. The subjects discussed in this book include active methodologies for engineering education, waste reduction, pipelines’ integrity evaluation, analysis of the chemical process industry, management of solid waste, mathematical model to aid public transport scripting process, variability in coffee packaging process and viability of incorporating ash residues from sugarcane bagasse into a soil-cement mixture.
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Amaral, Mateus Carvalho, Flávio Silva Machado, Luiz Antônio de Oliveira Chaves, Maria Helena Teixeira da Silva, and Vanessa End de Oliveira. https://aeditora.com.br/produto/engenharia-na-pratica-ensino-pesquisa-e-aplicacoes/. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-151-6.
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This book gathers 10 articles written conjointly by students and alumni in the Production Engineering program at Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) and also by professors from the UFF, Rio de Janeiro State University, Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro, Estácio de Sá University and Cândido Mendes University. This publication is an iniciative of the Materials Engineering, Maintenance and Environment Laboratory (L3MA). By offering it to the public, the objective was to disseminate the scientific research we are conducting and to encourage our students and alumni to enter the world of research and its dissemination. In this book we bring together articles on different subjects in the field of engineering, in particular, Production Engineering. In the contemporary world, technology and science are present in almost all fields of life and the present set of articles portrays a part of this reality. The subjects covered in this book cover topics such as active teaching methodologies, experimental analysis of corrosion processes, assessing the integrity of pipelines, reducing material waste in an industrial environment, analyzing the impacts of a the chemical process industry, alternatives to the use of methanol in the biodiesel manufacturing process, variability in a coffee packaging process, mathematical model to assist the routing process of public transports, solid waste management and viability of incorporating ash residues from sugarcane bagasse into a soil-cement mixture.
Book chapters on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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Parameswaran, Binod. "Sugarcane Bagasse." In Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues Utilisation, 239–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9942-7_12.
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Klasson, K. Thomas. "Char from Sugarcane Bagasse." In Biorefinery Co-Products, 327–50. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470976692.ch15.
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Reddy, Narendra, and Yiqi Yang. "Fibers from Sugarcane Bagasse." In Innovative Biofibers from Renewable Resources, 29–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45136-6_8.
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Rehman, Rida, and Alvina Gul Kazi. "Sugarcane Straw and Bagasse." In Biomass and Bioenergy, 141–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07641-6_9.
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Varshney, Gunjan, Eksha Guliani, and Christine Jeyaseelan. "Graphene from Sugarcane Bagasse." In Graphene from Natural Sources, 117–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003169741-9.
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Aguilar-Rivera, Noé. "Sustainable Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose for Papermaking." In Advanced Engineering Materials and Modeling, 121–63. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119242567.ch4.
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Rainey, Thomas J., and Geoff Covey. "Pulp and paper production from sugarcane bagasse." In Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts, 259–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118719862.ch10.
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Zhang, Zhanying, Mark D. Harrison, and Ian M. O'Hara. "Production of fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse." In Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts, 87–110. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118719862.ch4.
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Mann, Anthony P. "Cogeneration of sugarcane bagasse for renewable energy production." In Sugarcane-Based Biofuels and Bioproducts, 235–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118719862.ch9.
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Anggono, Juliana, Niko Riza Habibi, and dan Suwandi Sugondo. "Alkali Treatment on Sugarcane Bagasse to Improve Properties of Green Composites of Sugarcane Bagasse Fibers-Polypropylene." In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites IX, 139–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119031192.ch14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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de Toledo Silva, João Marcos, Gretta Larisa Aurora Arce Ferrufino, Ivonete Ávila, and Carlos Manuel Romero Luna. "SIMULATION OF TORREFIED SUGARCANE BAGASSE COMBUSTION." In 18th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2020.cit20-0800.
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Hamka, Nur Aqila Mohd, Nadzhratul Husna, Syed Ahmad Farhan, Mohamed Mubarak Abdul Wahab, Nur Izzah Azlan, Nasir Shafiq, and Siti Nooriza Abd Razak. "Extraction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash for Cement Replacement in Concrete: Effect of Treatment and Burning Temperature." In 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN MATERIALS, MINERALS & ENVIRONMENT (RAMM) 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-ehhce9.
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Increasing amounts of agricultural and industrial wastes have prompted researchers to re‑use the wastes as prospective cement replacement materials. Sugarcane bagasse is an agricultural waste that is widely available as a by-product of sugar and ethanol industries. As sugarcane bagasse possesses a high pozzolanic reactivity owing to its high silica content, the potential of extracting silica from sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) for cement replacement has to be explored. In the present study, analytical and compressive strength tests were performed on concrete samples to determine the effect of replacing cement with silica extracted from SCBA. Influences of treatment and burning temperature for conversion of sugarcane bagasse to SCBA on the analytical and compressive strength test results were also investigated. Raw and treated bagasse were burned in a muffle furnace for one hour at 600, 700 and 800°C to produce untreated and treated SCBA, respectively. Hydrothermal synthesis was performed on the SCBA for extraction of silica gel. Three types of concrete samples were prepared, which are the control sample that does not contain any cement replacement material and samples that contain 5% silica from untreated and treated SCBA. Compressive strength tests were performed on the samples after seven days of curing. Findings indicate that treatment of the bagasse was essential to produce SCBA of adequate silica content that can improve the compressive strength of the concrete. The increase in compressive strength is at its highest at the burning temperature of 700°C, where a change of +8.05% was achieved.
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Shinde, Sachin, Kiran Mane, and Vidyanand Jakukore. "Review of Sugarcane Bagasse and Luffa Fiber composites." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.11.
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This examination conveys a bibliographic audit for impending reference inside the far reaching field of bagasse composites by attempting to search out factors that impact their viewpoints. As a sufficient farming asset, sugarcane bagasse has drawn in broad exploration interests because of its high yearly profit, low expenses, and natural well disposed characters. During these investigates, different boundaries are capable to recognize their belongings; nonetheless, these examinations are managed independently. This audit paper talks about that the impact of bagasse fiber and its mixing with luffa normal and counterfeit composites on different mechanical, morphological, Moisture ingestion limit, and thermo mechanical properties.
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Romero Luna, Carlos Manuel, Gretta Larisa Aurora Arce Ferrufino, and Ivonete Ávila. "ENERGY ASSESSMENT OF TORREFACTION OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0572.
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Kumar, D. Pradeep, and Abraham Biable. "Sustainability performance of sugarcane bagasse ash concrete." In CONTEMPORARY INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0151413.
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Azmi, Annur Azlin, and Siti Amira Othman. "Future of sugarcane bagasse paper: A review." In ADVANCES IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117103.
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Reis Pedrosa, Nicolas, Aline Carvalho da Costa, and Daniele Longo Machado. "Sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis at high solids concentration." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-52036.
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"Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Coir Fibre." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/qmig6347/ngcesi23p106.
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Concrete is the most extensively used construction material which consumes natural materials leading to environmental concerns in terms of utilization of raw materials and also emissions of CO2. The increase in cost of cement and scarcity in river sand also adds to the need of sustainable material which is also cost effective. Industrial wastes, such as blast furnace slag, rice husk ash, fly ash and silica fume are being used as supplementary cement replacement materials. Currently, it has been tried to utilize the large amount of bagasse ash, a fibrous residue obtained from sugar cane during extraction of sugar juice at sugarcane mills in concrete. Sugarcane bagasse ash is a waste product of the sugar refining industry which is already causing serious environmental pollution, which calls for urgent ways of handling the waste. Coir is strong in tension, hence it can be used a fiber reinforced material. Hardened concrete tests like compressive strength and split-tensile strength were undertaken showing a remarkable increase in strength of concrete as a percentage of bagasse ash replacement and addition of coir fiber as fibre reinforcement. This report presents the results of an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of concrete incorporating sugarcane bagasse as hand coir fiber. This study is aimed to evaluate the strength of concrete by performing tests like compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete
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Tada, Érika Fernanda Rezendes, Andreas Bück, Fernanda Perpétua Casciatori, and João Cláudio Thoméo. "Drying of sugarcane bagasse in a partially filled horizontal drum." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7827.
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One-phase model have been reported to describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a horizontal drum partially filled by sugarcane bagasse with attention to the loss of water promoted by the increase of temperature. Mass and energy balances were written in MatLab language and solved by finite difference method. Predicted temporal and spatial profiles of moisture content and temperature are shown. Experimental tests were carried out in a horizontal drum and the temporal profiles were obtained. Great adjustments between experimental and predicted data were observed, indicating that the model is able to describe the transport phenomena in this system. Keywords: horizontal drum; heat and mass balances; sugarcane bagasse; solid-state fermentation process
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Moraes de Lima, Caio Jean, and George Marinho. "VOLUMETRIC HEAT CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE BAGASSE POWDER." In Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0566.
Full textReports on the topic "Sugarcane bagasse"
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Rodríguez-Machín, Lizet, Luis Ernesto Arteaga-Pérez, Pérez-Bermúdez Raúl Alberto, Pala Mehmet, Feys Jeroen, Nemmar Aris, Wolter Prins, and Ronsse Frederik. Effect of pretreatment with an organic solution on yield and quality of bio-oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Peeref, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2304p9074854.
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