Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Wang, Yang, Jin Xin Cao, Xia Xi Li, and Ri Dong Wang. "Time-Dependent Discrete Transportation Network Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.533.

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The transportation network construction takes place over a quite long time span and need enough budget. The budget is from the allocation of funds in phases and the construction cost change in the process of the construction. The general static transportation network design problems ignores the problems above. So the optimal solution obtained by the static model is best in short time, and it is may be unfeasible in the actual situation. Based on the actual situation and the shortage of the static model, the time-dependent transport network design is proposed in this study. The plan horizon is divided into N intervals and a bi-level model is built to describe the problem. The objective of the upper-level is to minimize the total cost of the whole stages. the lower-level model is a user equilibrium model. Then the branch and bound (B-B) algorithm is designed to solve the model. It is obvious that the solution of the time-dependent simulation model is more feasible than the solution of the static sequential design.
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He, Yi, Ziqi Song, and Lihui Zhang. "Time-Dependent Transportation Network Design considering Construction Impact." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2738930.

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A traditional discrete network design problem (DNDP) always assumes transportation infrastructure projects to be one-time events and ignores travelers’ delays caused by construction work. In fact, infrastructure construction usually lasts for a long time, and the impact on traffic can be substantial. In this paper, we introduce time dimension into the traditional DNDP to explicitly consider the impact of road construction and adopt an overtime policy to add flexibility to construction duration. We address the problem of selecting road-widening projects in an urban network, determining the optimal link capacity, and designing the schedule of the selected projects simultaneously. A time-dependent DNDP (T-DNDP) model is developed with the objective of minimizing total weighted net user cost during the entire planning horizon. An active-set algorithm is applied to solve the model. A simple example network is first utilized to demonstrate the necessity of considering the construction process in T-DNDP and to illustrate the trade-off between the construction impact and the benefit realized through capacity extension. We also solve the T-DNDP model with data from the Sioux Falls network, which contains 24 nodes, 76 links, and 528 origin-destination (O-D) pairs. Computational results for the problem are also presented.
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Hancher, Donn, Paul Goodrum, Jerry Pigman, Don Hartman, and John Mettille. "Context-Sensitive Construction in Kentucky." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1861, no. 1 (January 2003): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1861-13.

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The development of a new initiative for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet to involve resident engineers and contractors in the project development process, especially for environmentally sensitive projects, is summarized. To meet the demands of human and natural environmental issues on transportation projects, many departments of transportation are embracing the tenets of context-sensitive design for their projects. Some have begun to expand this involvement to all participants in the project development process and are calling this initiative "context-sensitive solutions." The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet believes that it is critical to involve its resident engineers and contractors in the process to ensure success on environmentally sensitive projects. In the planning and design stages of project development, the commitments that are made are not always carried into the construction stage and implemented. Context-sensitive construction is the integration of the concepts of context-sensitive design into the construction process and adherence to all commitments made during the earlier stages of project development. The Kentucky Transportation Center and the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Kentucky developed a training program to introduce the concepts of context-sensitive solutions for the construction phase of a project to industry and cabinet personnel, and that program is described.
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Nduka, Uti Joseph, Adogbeji Victor Omoefe, and Akinola Adebisi Olayinka. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SUGARCANE JUICE EXTRACTING MACHINE FOR RURAL COMMUNITY." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 04, no. 04 (August 31, 2019): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v04i04.050.

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Flórez-Ruiz, Juan Fernando, Jorge Guillermo Díaz-Rodríguez, Alexander Ramírez-Dueñes, and Félix Antonio Pérez-Rondón. "Design, simulation and construction of a pellets transportation laboratory." ITECKNE 16, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/iteckne.v16i2.2352.

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The article presents how three scaled down industrial machinery models were designed and built as an educational tool to present the transport of particulate material. The literature review showed calculation models for equipment at industrial level, not for laboratory level. There were chosen the most representative means of commercial transport for particulate materials: a conveyor screw, a conveyor belt and a bucket elevator. These three machines were calculated and built in polycarbonate to allow visualization of their internal functioning. The three devices are controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) and connected to each other by a SCADA network. The equipment is modular so as not to alter the order of operation, being able to obtain different work sequences. In addition, a man-machine graphic interface (HMI) was developed to supervise and to control the designed equipment. The results of particulate material mass flow obtained are approximately coincident with those estimated, validating the use of calculation models for much lower levels of work. Finally, it is emphasized that the system obtained is an environment for students to implement control techniques using the sensors and motors used in the designs.
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Beaney, N. J., and J. M. Martin. "Design and construction of the Dornoch Firth Bridge: construction." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 100, no. 3 (August 1993): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/itran.1993.24296.

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Aladağ, Hande, and Zeynep Işık. "Design and construction risks in BOT type mega transportation projects." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 10 (November 18, 2019): 2223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-08-2018-0351.

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Purpose In build-operate-transfer (BOT) transportation projects, design and construction phases are critical in terms of their effect on time and cost overruns. The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of risk factors affecting these phases and their significance level for BOT transportation projects. Design/methodology/approach Design and construction risks were determined and then validated by focus group discussions. Afterwards, an illustrated case study was presented to better understand the effects of determined risks in a BOT mega transportation project. As the last step of the study, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process method was used to prioritize risk factors. Findings The prominent risk factors were found out as occupational accidents, integration between design and construction phases and excessive design variations. Research limitations/implications Different kinds of BOT transportation projects in different countries might be executed very differently considering specific social, political, economic and other factors. However, the results of the study are important in terms of the specific lessons learned from the case study that can be used as a foundation for developing possible risk mitigation measures. Originality/value Though the risk management of BOT projects has been investigated frequently in the literature, there is a knowledge gap in the quantitative evaluation of risk significance specific to design and construction risks. The prioritization of determined risks with an associated case from a mega transportation project will contribute to the BOT project practitioners about possible challenges in design and construction phases in BOT mega transportation projects.
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Gai, Fangpeng. "ESP Course Construction for Transportation Majors." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.14.

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Since the traditional College English can no longer adapt to the current situation, its development has become the focus of the society. ESP has recently been paid more attention, whose goal is to develop the students’ comprehensive language skills required in future career and academic research. ESP teachers should not only follow the rules of English language, but also think about how to use English language to promote the study of professional knowledge. This study provides a design of ESP course for transportation majors in Shandong Jiaotong University. It is constructed from the perspectives of learners’ needs, objectives, content selection, teaching methods, and assessment.
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Wang, Haoqing, Wen Yi, and Yannick Liu. "Optimal Route Design for Construction Waste Transportation Systems: Mathematical Models and Solution Algorithms." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224340.

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A huge amount of construction waste is generated in construction sites every day that needs to be transported by vehicle to disposal facilities for processing. Unlike in most typical transportation problems, once these vehicles are loaded with construction waste, they must travel directly to the disposal facility. Moreover, there are different types of construction waste that may require handling by different disposal facilities. In this paper, we develop a model and algorithm for identifying the optimal transportation routes specific to construction waste transportation. Our results can not only minimize the overall costs for both the logistics company and the contractor but also minimize the distance traveled, thus reducing urban traffic emissions.
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Iversen, N., J. R. Faulds, and F. N. Rowley. "Design and construction of the Dornoch Firth Bridge: design." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 100, no. 3 (August 1993): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/itran.1993.24295.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Hrstich, Peter M. "Development of a self-steering wheelset for a large cane wagon." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1989. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36470/1/36470_Hrstich_1989.pdf.

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The Queenslana Sugar Industry has always strived to reduce the cost of production of raw sugar to compete successtully on the world market. Economic pressures of low raw sugar prices over the last five years has forced a close examination of produc1:ion costs. A study into these costs attributed twenty percent of the direct production costs to transport of the cane by railway to the factory. These narrow gauge railways operate small cane wagons (3 to 6 tonne) which are now out of scale to other developments within the industry. Investigations by the Sugar Research Institute into the cane railway system showed the maintenance costs proportional to the number of axles in service. In short the maintenance costs of the small wagons were too high. It was proposed these costs could be significantly reduced by introducing a large four wheeled cane wagon {up to 20 tonne capacity) • A large cane wagon would have a long wheelbase in relation to the curve radius typical oi cane railways. If the two wheelsets were rigid with the wagon chassis negotation of the curve would be difficult and result in excessive wheel and rail wear. The probability of derailment would also be high. To overcome these problems the Sugar Research Institute suggested it may be feasible to develop a wheelset which could be self-steering and align itself radially on a curve. The aim of this ~reject was to develop a self-steering wheelset for a large cane wagon that would be of low capital cost and require a minimum of maintenance. A suspension to allow a wheelset to selt-steer was designed using available theoretical and experimental information. 'lwo prototype wheelsets and suspensions wer~ constructea and attached to a ballasted large wagon chassis for testing.The wheelsets performed well over typical cane railway track, although there were occasions when the wheelsets did not steer radially on a particular curve and steering failed. This curve was found to have severely worn rail protiles which caused the flange of the wheel to contact the inner face of the outer rail. Steering was subsequently lost due to a reduction in the available friction forces. It was concluded that track standards need to be closely controlled to attain the full benefit of large cane wagons being introduced. Further work is needed to determine the life of the prototype mechanism and the interaction ol a train comprised entirely of large cane wagons. The results in general have shown the self-steering wheelset design to be successful in negotiating typical cane railway track with minimum radius curves of 100 m. It should be known the large wagon did not derail at any time during the tests conducted. 'l'he suspension design is simple and utilises standard cane railway components which results in a low capital cost with minimum maintenance.
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Yaschur, Jefferey C. "Design of a personal vehicle for campus transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23079.

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Langley, Tyler. "Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/409.

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Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California Tyler Langley Since the oil crisis of 1973, energy use in the United States of America has been a growing area of concern. Studies have shown that the construction industry is responsible for almost half of all annual energy consumption. With this awareness, the analysis of energy use within the related construction fields has become an emergent subject. One facet of construction energy use that has been less studied than others is that of the energy consumed in transporting building materials from manufacturing plants to construction sites. This thesis proposes a methodology for determining the energy consumed during the transportation of building materials to a construction site and applies this methodology to estimate the transportation component of the total energy consumed in the lifecycle of a residential building in California. Comparisons are then drawn among the embodied energy of the materials used in the construction of the building, the energy used to transport the materials and the products used in the on-site assembly of the building, and the energy consumed during the occupancy of the building. The first chapter covers the intent of the thesis, as well as a categorization and explanation of the main areas of energy usage in the construction industry. This is followed by a delineation of the methodology used to research transportation energy. Chapter 2 details the development of the framework that is discussed in Chapter 1. This includes the unique problem areas of calculating transportation energy, the resulting parameters that focus the area of study, and the general assumptions derived from those parameters. Chapter 3 is a case study of a single-family two-story house in northern California. First, the considerations and reasons for the choice are defined, establishing this as a representative residence for the area. The material choices and structural system choices are also discussed. Then, the framework introduced in Chapter 2 is applied in the case study. This introduces more case-specific problems in the types of calculations used for estimating transportation energy. Chapter 4 contains a summary of the findings as well as a reflection on the process followed by suggestions for future research and application for the subject of transportation energy usage. In this summary, it is shown that the energy used in transportation of materials to the site of the case study house amounts to 10.5 million Btu, which is roughly 2.5% of the embodied energy, and 21% of the occupational energy usage per year.
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Wylezinski, Andrzej T. "Extra-light log trailer design." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022007-133640/.

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Lasley, Victoria Lynn. "REDEFINING CONSTRUCTION “AS-BUILT” PLANS TO MEET CURRENT KENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CABINET NEEDS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/76.

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As-built drawings are the traditional method used by the construction industry to record changes made during construction. As-builts provide valuable information for new design projects as well as rehabilitation and remediation projects. The completeness and accuracy of these plans are essential for transportation industries and their success. While the importance of as-builts is widely recognized, the process of creating them has proven to be difficult. It is a time consuming process and entities often lack the resources necessary to complete accurate and detailed as-builts. After an investigation of current as-built operations within State Transportation Agencies, recommendations have been made to redefine construction "as-built" plans to meet current state transportation needs. First, the importance of a central storage location accessible to all stakeholders cannot be overemphasized. Along with a central storage location, standard guidelines should be developed regarding what information is required to be included within as-built plans. This study's approach to developing such guidelines included meeting with as-built end users and formulating a list of requested information. To ensure as-builts are being completed on time and accurately, it is recommended that as-built plans be developed throughout the project using simple to use editing software on iPads. A PDF editor is ideal for as-built development as PDF is the requested format by most end users. Finally, to ensure this process is being followed by construction, a liaison between as-built developers and users is recommended.
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Membah, Joseph F. J. "Parametric Cost Estimating and Risk Analysis of Transportation Tunneling Projects." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25908.

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Due to the increased scrutiny of construction costs for infrastructure projects by the public and legislators, it is becoming increasing important for project developers to prepare accurate conceptual cost estimates for transportation tunnel projects at the feasibility stage to aid in making investment decisions. Past studies have emphasized that tunnel-project costs have been significantly underestimated, and cost uncertainties and risks have been identified as the cause of cost under or overestimation. A broad understanding of the factors that contribute to cost underestimation is important as it enables researchers and estimators to develop appropriate functions, evaluate, and implement them to produce realistic cost estimates. This study was aimed at developing parametric cost estimation functions and quantifying their risks for transportation tunnel projects. A comprehensive background study of more than 39 published articles on transportation tunnel infrastructure projects was conducted through a systematic literature review and 40 key estimating parameters that may impact project costs and the associated project logistics were identified. Data from completed tunnel projects were collected and used to develop the parametric cost equations. Exploratory analyses were first performed to discover the correlations among tunnel costs and tunnel cost parameters/drivers. The purpose of this effort was to assess if a relationship existed between tunnel variables and tunnel project cost estimates. Parametric cost estimation functions were then developed for different tunnel applications. There has been no comprehensive study performed to date to develop parametric cost estimation functions that incorporated risk and uncertainty for transportation tunnel projects. Two representative sample case studies were performed and Monte Carlo simulation was used to quantify the associated risks. The results from the case studies illustrate the need to use appropriate techniques to simulate tunnel costs and quantify the risks associated with the estimates. The findings of the study provide a methodology to estimate the costs of transportation tunnels and quantify the uncertainties and risks associated with the costs. The methodology developed in this research could help reduce the incidence of project cost underestimation and alleviate some of the controversies surrounding cost overruns in transportation tunnel projects.
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Hussein, Mohammed Ali, and Joel Wirén. "Digital Soil Tracking System for the Construction Industry : Developing technology for more efficient mass transportation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21899.

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Background: The construction sector is growing rapidly and is on the list among the most significant segments of the global economy. The output from global construction is expected to reach 12 trillion US dollars by 2025. This rapid growth in an industry that has been staying comparatively the same because of the conservative nature of this sector can cause problems. Some companies are depending on old-fashioned habits and practices, which leads to decreased productivity and efficiency. Some trends in this segment impose higher demands in terms of cost, time, sustainability, transparency, and an increased need for accessible technology, equipment, construction materials, and processes. Aim and Purpose: This thesis aims to underline the problems with the current material tracking and material data management in the construction industry. To highlight the limitations and create a minimum viable product, demonstrating the ability to introduce a semi-automated solution to aid the creation of a future circular system. Methods: In this thesis, the Design Research Methodology, together with the Design Thinking methodology, has been used to support the researchers' emphasis on achieving progress and insights regarding the existing issues, conditions, and probabilities. The Design Thinking methodology was used to tackle complex problems which may not have a clear list of needs and requirements. Further, semistructured interviews and observations have been used to gather qualitative data for the project to support decision-making and validity. Results: The result presented is a tracking system with hardware consisting of a probe and a beacon, and software including a database, REST API, MQTT broker, a mobile app, and a website. The system helps companies in the construction industry to easily document, monitor, track, and follow up transportation data and records. It also allows companies to take a step away from the outdated systems and methods, like physical delivery notes, and be more prepared for the future of transportation in the construction industry. Conclusions: An efficient system for data management during transport is absolutely necessary to drive the transition period towards a more sustainable and digitalized construction industry. The proposed solution in this thesis shows the possibilities of digitizing data linked to the transport of soil masses in the construction industry and what benefits this can provide. The next step in further developing this tracking system can be to investigate some of the issues that exist with the embedded tracking system.
Bakgrund: Byggsektorn växer snabbt och är på listan bland de viktigaste segmenten i den globala ekonomin. Produktionen från den globala konstruktionen förväntas uppgå till 12 biljoner US dollar under året 2025. Denna snabba tillväxt i en bransch som har varit relativt sammalunda på grund av den konservativa karaktären av denna sektor kan orsaka problem. Vissa företag är beroende av gammaldags vanor och metoder, vilket leder till minskad produktivitet och effektivitet. Vissa trender inom detta segment ställer högre krav när det gäller kostnad, tid, hållbarhet, transparens och ett ökat behov av tillgänglig teknik, utrustning, byggmaterial och processer. Syfte: Denna avhandling syftar till att understryka problemen med den aktuella materialspårningen och materialhanteringen i byggbranschen. För att lyfta fram begränsningarna och skapa en minimal och effektiv produkt, visa förmågan att införa en halvautomatisk lösning för att underlätta skapandet av ett framtida cirkulärt system. Metod: I denna avhandling har Design Research Methodology, tillsammans med Design Thinkingmetoden, använts för att stödja forskarnas tryck på att uppnå framsteg och insikter om befintliga frågor, förhållanden och sannolikheter. Metoden Design Thinking användes för att kunna angripa de komplexa problemen som eventuellt inte har en tydlig lista över behov och krav. Vidare har halvstrukturerade intervjuer och observationer använts för att samla in kvalitativa data för projektet för att stödja beslutsfattandet och validering av resultat. Resultat: Resultatet som presenteras är ett spårningssystem med hårdvara som inkluderar en Probe och en Beacon, samt en programvara del av systemet som inkluderar en databas, REST API, MQTT-broker, en mobil-app och en webbplats. Systemet hjälper företag inom byggbranschen att enkelt sammanställa, övervaka, spåra och följa upp transportdata och dokument. Det blir även möjligt för företag att ta ett steg bort från föråldrade system och metoder, som fysiska följesedlar, och vara mer beredda på framtiden för transport inom byggbranschen. Slutsatser: Ett effektivt system för datahantering under transport är absolut nödvändigt för att driva fram övergångstiden mot en mer hållbar och digitaliserad byggindustri. Den föreslagna lösningen i denna avhandling visar möjligheterna att digitalisera data kopplade till transport av jordmassor i byggbranschen och vilka fördelar detta kan ge. Nästa steg för att vidareutveckla detta spårningssystem kan vara att undersöka några av de problem som finns med det inbäddade spårningssystemet.
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Wallberg, Stefan, and Karin Lofgren. "Sustainable Construction in the Transportation Infrastructure Industry– as a vision and in practice." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98389.

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This study has been conducted on behalf of Vectura Consulting AB with the purpose to examine how different actors perceive the dimensions of sustainability and sustainable construction. The purpose is also to provide an understanding of existing barriers and opportunities for sustainable construction within the industry and exemplify with different directions for the actors in order to develop sustainability. The study has approach the research problem by using systems theory, developed by Checkland, to identify the relevant system. Other systems theories has been used as an theoretical framework in order to identify barriers and opportunities, which in this study are based on Hughes’s theory about reverse salients and salients. Interviews with a selection of different actors in the industry and prior research have in this study served as empirics and the perspective of the systems theory defines the necessary tools to be used. The study shows that no consistency prevails regarding the definition of sustainability among the actors. Although, the environmental aspect of sustainability is prioritized by a majority of the actors oppose to social and economic aspects. Furthermore, for some of the actors economy is governing while for others it is decisive. Sustainable construction is characterized by a long-term parallel process with incentives such as branding, recruiting, and optimized operations. Moreover, the study indicates a willingness among the actors to define the concept of sustainability in order to achieve an industry wide definition. Such a definition would be of benefit for simplifying procurement and developing sustainable construction. The study identified two barriers and two opportunities. The actors agrees on that the procurement regulations of the Swedish infrastructure authority “Trafikverket” in combination with contracts defined by multiple products, and the objectives of Trafikverket,  are the two main barriers for holding back the development of sustainability in the industry. However, Trafikverket’s goal to increase the number of contracts based on function is seen as an opportunity as it enables creativity and innovation and a possible side effect of sustainable development. In addition, side bids from different actors are considered as a driver that will accelerate Trafikverket’s work regarding sustainability and especially sustainable construction. Finally, the authors give examples of directions for the industry to enhance sustainable construction and by doing so the authors connect vision with practice.
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Lambert, Sam R. "Transportation enhancements : a creative interpretation to the proposed widening of State Route 67 south." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041732.

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Transportation corridors are designed to transfer motorists from one area to another in the safest and most efficient way possible. Unfortunately, in Indiana scenic and environmental enhancements, often, were not a priority in the past. The main problem, therefore, is that travelers of most Indiana highways have been deprived of inspiring scenic opportunities and cultural enlightenment, thus there is a need to educate those involved in the design and implementation process to take heed of the advantages these enhancements and amenities can provide.This study examines the SR 67 South transportation corridor from 1-69 at Daleville, Indiana, to Delaware CR 500 South, and proposes an overall transportation corridor concept that could be implemented. This study, also, investigates current Indiana Department of Transportation policies and practices involving scenic and environmental enhancements in transportation corridors, while specifically evaluating the department's assessment of the suggestions offered in "The Gateways of Delaware County" study (in which SR 67 was incorporated).In the end, this study provides significant insight into the "posture" of those directly involved in the design and implementation process of transportation corridors; however, augmenting that posture to the advantages and importance of scenic and environmental enhancements will remain a struggle, especially during these economically challenging times. One added subplot; How can the landscape architect provide guidance to bring new understanding to those persons involved in highway design which results in improved scenic and cultural opportunities to SR 67?
Department of Landscape Architecture
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譚智傑 and Chi-kit Andy Tam. "Transportation planning towards a responsive urban street environment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980296.

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Books on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Ponnuswamy, S. Transportation tunnels. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema, 1996.

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Anderson, Leslie. Transportation center design: A bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1989.

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Aird, Forbes. Race car chassis: Design and construction. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International, 1997.

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Gordon, Robert L. Intelligent freeway transportation systems: Functional design. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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Virtanen, Sofia A. Revitalizing transportation decision making and investment. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Filip, Gustavsson, ed. New transportation research progress. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Space Transportation Materials and Structures Technology Workshop (1991 Newport News, Va.). Space Transportation Materials and Structures Technology Workshop. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Program, 1992.

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Space Transportation Materials and Structures Technology Workshop (1991 Newport News, Va.). Space Transportation Materials and Structures Technology Workshop. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Program, 1993.

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Gransberg, Douglas D. Quality assurance in design-build projects. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2008.

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Hammond, Walter Edward. Design methodologies for space transportation systems. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Seim, Charles. "An Overview of Steel Bridge Design, Fabrication and Construction in the United States of America." In Transportation Infrastructure, 347–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61092-9_30.

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Szubert, Ludomir. "Environmental Protection in Design, Construction and Maintenance of the Roads — Studies Financed by the Polish Road Administration." In Transportation Infrastructure, 387–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61092-9_35.

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Truong, Anh-Duy, Van-Son Dinh, Van-Sang Pham, and Manh-Tuan Ha. "Design and Construction for Computational Models of Ultrasonic Transducers." In The AUN/SEED-Net Joint Regional Conference in Transportation, Energy, and Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, 1042–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1968-8_89.

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Bartlett, Steven Floyd, and Zahra Amini. "Design and Evaluation of Seismic Stability of Free-Standing EPS Embankment for Transportation Systems." In 5th International Conference on Geofoam Blocks in Construction Applications, 319–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78981-1_26.

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Pang, Yanzhi, and Jianqiu Chen. "Design and Implementation of Virtual Laboratory Construction Scheme for Transportation Logistics Specialty Group." In Advances in Computer Science for Engineering and Education, 131–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04812-8_12.

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Fomina, Ekaterina, Natalia Kozhukhova, Alexander Fomin, and Elena Voitovich. "Problems of Energy Efficiency When Design of Construction Objects for Transport Infrastructure." In International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Transportation Facilities and Transport EMMFT 2017, 520–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70987-1_55.

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Su, Yi, Fan Zhang, Jian Ping Luo, and Gang Liu. "The Research on Relation Between Human Factors and Construction Environment Among Guiding Design of Comprehensive Transportation Junction." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 17–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51566-9_3.

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Martínez Villa, Pedro P., and Romilio G. Carralero Garcés. "Essential Aspects in the Supervision of the Ship Construction Projects." In Proceeding of the VI International Ship Design & Naval Engineering Congress (CIDIN) and XXVI Pan-American Congress of Naval Engineering, Maritime Transportation and Port Engineering (COPINAVAL), 153–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35963-8_13.

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"Design, construction and maintenance." In Advances in Transportation Geotechnics 2, 175–88. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12754-14.

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"Design & construction." In Sustainable Maritime Transportation and Exploitation of Sea Resources, 427. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11810-66.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Nassar, Khaled M., Mohamed Y. Hegab, and Nicholas W. Jack. "Design Cost Analysis of Transportation Projects." In Construction Research Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40754(183)93.

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Gransberg, Douglas D., and Keith R. Molenaar. "Life Cycle Design Criteria for Design-Build Transportation Projects." In Construction Research Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40671(2003)86.

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Wang, George, Yuhong Wang, Russell Thompson, and Yong Han Ahn. "Long-Life Pavement Design and Construction: A Case Study." In Ninth Asia Pacific Transportation Development Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412299.0069.

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Wu, Shie-Shin. "DCP for Low Volume Road Design / Construction." In Seventh International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals Congress (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40952(317)72.

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Li, HaiChen, MaoHua Le, and XueLian Zhang. "Overall architecture design for smart water network construction." In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering, edited by Zhengliang Li, Xiaoyan Chen, Kaichen Yan, Fengjie Cen, Liyuan Peng, and Nan Lin. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2614359.

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Yang, Jingzong, and Limei Wu. "Design and construction of experimental system." In 2020 5th International Conference on Information Science, Computer Technology and Transportation (ISCTT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isctt51595.2020.00081.

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Hannon, David, Kia Mostaan, and Baabak Ashuri. "Challenges and Opportunities for Expediting Environmental Analysis in Transportation Design-Build Projects." In Construction Research Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413517.135.

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Sturgill, Roy, Timothy Taylor, and Gabriel Dadi. "A Case Study of Utility Coordination within a Major Design-Build Transportation Project." In Construction Research Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481295.062.

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Ernzen, James, Craig Albelda, and Kraig Knutson. "Evaluation of the Design-Build Delivery Process for a State Department of Transportation Pilot Project." In Construction Congress VI. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40475(278)67.

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Eghbali, Zahra, and Amin Didari. "Green Building Design and Construction Using Concept of Sustainability." In International Conference on Civil, Structural and Transportation Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccste18.135.

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Reports on the topic "Sugarcane Transportation Design and construction"

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Thompson, Marshall, and David Lippert. Flexible Pavement Design (Full-depth Asphalt and Rubblization): A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-021.

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This report summarizes activities undertaken to support and ensure that the Illinois Department of Transportation utilizes the best demonstrated available technology for design and construction of full-depth hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements and HMA pavements on rubblized Portland cement concrete pavement (PCCP). To achieve this goal, the researchers reviewed pavement design and special provisions for full-depth asphalt and rubblization projects as well as full-depth asphalt and rubblization project performance via condition surveys and deflection measurements. They also modified design inputs as needed from the review of literature and responded to specific issues related to full-depth asphalt and rubblization design and construction. The researchers studied 32 rubblization projects on the interstate system and found this rehabilitation technique is providing good to excellent performance that exceeds design expectations. They provided input on proposed changes to full-depth hot-mix asphalt pavement on rubblized PCCP specifications as well as provided input on the RoadTec 1105e material transfer device. Analysis of traffic speed deflectometer data obtained on several hot-mix asphalt and rubblized pavements resulted in the development of analysis algorithms.
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Haddock, John E., Reyhaneh Rahbar-Rastegar, M. Reza Pouranian, Miguel Montoya, and Harsh Patel. Implementing the Superpave 5 Asphalt Mixture Design Method in Indiana. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317127.

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Recent research developments have indicated that asphalt mixture durability and pavement life can be increased by modifying the Superpave asphalt mixture design method to achieve an in-place density of 95%, approximately 2% higher than the density requirements of conventionally designed Superpave mixtures. Doing so requires increasing the design air voids content to 5% and making changes to the mixture aggregate gradation so that effective binder content is not lowered. After successful laboratory testing of this modified mixture design method, known as Superpave 5, two controlled field trials and one full scale demonstration project, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) let 12 trial projects across the six INDOT districts based on the design method. The Purdue University research team was tasked with observing the implementation of the Superpave 5 mixture design method, documenting the construction and completing an in-depth analysis of the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) data obtained from the projects. QC and QA data for each construction project were examined using various statistical metrics to determine construction performance with respect to INDOT Superpave 5 specifications. The data indicate that, on average, the contractors achieved 5% laboratory air voids, which coincides with the Superpave 5 recommendation of 5%. However, on average, the as-constructed mat density of 93.8% is roughly 1% less than the INDOT Superpave 5 specification. It is recommended that INDOT monitor performance of the Superpave 5 mixtures and implement some type of additional training for contractor personnel, in order to help them increase their understanding of Superpave 5 concepts and how best to implement the design method in their operation.
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Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay, and Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.
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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Evaluation of Geosynthetics Use in Pavement Foundation Layers and Their Effects on Design Methods. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-025.

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This report presents findings of a research effort aimed at reviewing and updating existing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) specifications and manuals regarding the use of geosynthetic materials in pavements. The project consisted of three tasks: evaluate current IDOT practice related to the use of geosynthetics; review research and state of the practice on geosynthetics applications, available products, design methods, and specifications; and propose recommendations for geosynthetic solutions in pavements to modernize IDOT’s practices and manuals. The review of IDOT specifications revealed that geotextiles are the most used geosynthetic product in Illinois, followed by geogrids. Several of IDOT’s manuals have comprehensive guidelines to properly design and construct pavements with geosynthetics, but several knowledge gaps and potential areas for modernization and adoption of new specifications still exist. Based on the review of the available design methods and the most relevant geosynthetic properties and characterization methods linked to field performance, several updates to IDOT’s practice were proposed. Areas of improvement are listed as follows. First, establish proper mechanisms for using geogrids, geocells, and geotextiles in subgrade restraint and base stabilization applications. This includes using shear wave transducers, i.e., bender elements, to quantify local stiffness enhancements and adopting the Giroud and Han design method for subgrade restraint applications. Second, update IDOT’s Subgrade Stability Manual to include property requirements for geogrids, geotextiles, and geocells suitable for subgrade restraint applications. Third, establish proper standards on stabilization, separation, and pumping resistance for geotextiles by incorporating recent research findings on geotextile clogging and permeability criteria. Fourth, promote the use of modern geosynthetic products, such as geotextiles with enhanced lateral drainage, and fifth, elaborate on proper methods for construction/quality control measures for pavements with geosynthetics.
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Bao, Jieyi, Xiaoqiang Hu, Cheng Peng, Yi Jiang, Shuo Li, and Tommy Nantung. Truck Traffic and Load Spectra of Indiana Roadways for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317227.

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The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) has been employed for pavement design by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) since 2009 and has generated efficient pavement designs with a lower cost. It has been demonstrated that the success of MEPDG implementation depends largely on a high level of accuracy associated with the information supplied as design inputs. Vehicular traffic loading is one of the key factors that may cause not only pavement structural failures, such as fatigue cracking and rutting, but also functional surface distresses, including friction and smoothness. In particular, truck load spectra play a critical role in all aspects of the pavement structure design. Inaccurate traffic information will yield an incorrect estimate of pavement thickness, which can either make the pavement fail prematurely in the case of under-designed thickness or increase construction cost in the case of over-designed thickness. The primary objective of this study was to update the traffic design input module, and thus to improve the current INDOT pavement design procedures. Efforts were made to reclassify truck traffic categories to accurately account for the specific axle load spectra on two-lane roads with low truck traffic and interstate routes with very high truck traffic. The traffic input module was updated with the most recent data to better reflect the axle load spectra for pavement design. Vehicle platoons were analyzed to better understand the truck traffic characteristics. The unclassified vehicles by traffic recording devices were examined and analyzed to identify possible causes of the inaccurate data collection. Bus traffic in the Indiana urban areas was investigated to provide additional information for highway engineers with respect to city streets as well as highway sections passing through urban areas. New equivalent single axle load (ESAL) values were determined based on the updated traffic data. In addition, a truck traffic data repository and visualization model and a TABLEAU interactive visualization dashboard model were developed for easy access, view, storage, and analysis of MEPDG related traffic data.
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Padhye, Suyash, Isaiah Mwamba, Kyubyung Kang, Samuel Labi, and Makarand Hastak. Safety, Mobility, and Cost Benefits of Closing One Direction of the Interstate in Rural Areas During Construction Work. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317345.

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With specific regard to interstates in the rural area, Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) has expressed a need for research that sheds light on this Maintenance of Traffic (MOT) issue so the agency [INDOT and the contractor] can make informed decisions regarding the crossover sections versus the closure in one direction with detour roads. A number of studies have investigated the advantages and disadvantages of various MOT strategies; however, there is no specific study that can help INDOT traffic engineers and design engineers make decisions by comparing direct and indirect benefits of crossovers and detours (full lane closures). This research examined the advantages and disadvantages of entirely closing one direction of traffic over traditional work zone techniques (such as partial lane closure through median crossover) from the perspectives of the agency, road users, and the community. In the case of full closure, the study (a) examined the alternative MOT strategies and best practices through an extensive literature review and survey of agencies (b) investigated risk, benefit, and costs associated with selected detour routes (c) validated the identified critical factors through case studies in Indiana and at other states, and (d) implemented best practices in an expected project to evaluate the safety, mobility, and cost benefits of closing one direction. Through the literature review and four case studies, eleven KPIs for MOT strategy developments were identified. This study prioritized these KPIs through the survey questionnaire. The top five KPIs are (1) safety, (2) mobility, (3) budget constraint, (4) project duration, (5) complexity of project sites. Based on these KPIs and other findings presented in Section 4.3.3, this study has proposed a comparison tool for predetermined MOT strategies in the form of a flow-chart. This tool is followed by the scores or weights associated with each KPI. These scores are normalized—i.e., the most important KPI which is safety, has the maximum weightage 1 and rest of the KPIs are weighed relatively. INDOT has a set of editable documents which are references for making MOT decisions. This proposed flow-chart tool will “walk” the INDOT team through the use of these spreadsheets corresponding to the identified KPIs through this study. It will be at the discretion of the INDOT team as to which KPIs are relevant to the situation at hand. Therefore, the flow-chart tool is flexible to incorporate the dynamic nature of MOT strategy selection.
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Thompson, Marshall, and Ramez Hajj. Flexible Pavement Recycling Techniques: A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-022.

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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) involves the recycling of the asphalt portions (including hot-mix asphalt and chip, slurry, and cape seals, as well as others) of a flexible or composite pavement with asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt as the binding agent. Full-depth reclamation (FDR) includes the recycling of the entire depth of the pavement and, in some cases, a portion of the subgrade with asphalt, cement, or lime products as binding agents. Both processes are extensively utilized in Illinois. This project reviewed CIR and FDR projects identified by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) from the Transportation Bulletin and provided comments on pavement designs and special provisions. The researchers evaluated the performance of existing CIR/FDR projects through pavement condition surveys and analysis of falling weight deflectometer data collected by IDOT. They also reviewed CIR/FDR literature and updated/modified (as appropriate) previously provided inputs concerning mix design, testing procedures, thickness design, construction, and performance as well as cold central plant recycling (CCPR) literature related to design and construction. The team monitored the performance of test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Virginia Department of Transportation. The researchers assisted IDOT in the development of a CCPR special provision as well as responded to IDOT inquiries and questions concerning issues related to CIR, FDR, and CCPR. They attended meetings of IDOT’s FDR with the Cement Working Group and provided input in the development of a special provision for FDR with cement. The project’s activities confirmed that CIR, FDR, and CCPR techniques are successfully utilized in Illinois. Recommendations for improving the above-discussed techniques are provided.
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Bell, Matthew, Rob Ament, Damon Fick, and Marcel Huijser. Improving Connectivity: Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Structures for Wildlife, Bicyclists, and/or Pedestrians. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.09.

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Engineers and ecologists continue to explore new methods and adapt existing techniques to improve highway mitigation measures that increase motorist safety and conserve wildlife species. Crossing structures, overpasses and underpasses, combined with fences, are some of the most highly effective mitigation measures employed around the world to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals, increase motorist safety, and maintain habitat connectivity across transportation networks for many other types and sizes of wildlife. Published research on structural designs and materials for wildlife crossings is limited and suggests relatively little innovation has occurred. Wildlife crossing structures for large mammals are crucial for many highway mitigation strategies, so there is a need for new, resourceful, and innovative techniques to construct these structures. This report explored the promising application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to a wildlife crossing using an overpass. The use of FRP composites has increased due to their high strength and light weight characteristics, long service life, and low maintenance costs. They are highly customizable in shape and geometry and the materials used (e.g., resins and fibers) in their manufacture. This project explored what is known about FRP bridge structures and what commercial materials are available in North America that can be adapted for use in a wildlife crossing using an overpass structure. A 12-mile section of US Highway 97 (US-97) in Siskiyou County, California was selected as the design location. Working with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), a site was selected for the FRP overpass design where it would help reduce WVCs and provide habitat connectivity. The benefits of a variety of FRP materials have been incorporated into the US-97 crossing design, including in the superstructure, concrete reinforcement, fencing, and light/sound barriers on the overpass. Working with Caltrans helped identify the challenges and limitations of using FRP materials for bridge construction in California. The design was used to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCCs) of using FRP materials for wildlife infrastructure compared to traditional materials (e.g., concrete, steel, and wood). The preliminary design of an FRP wildlife overpass at the US-97 site provides an example of a feasible, efficient, and constructible alternative to the use of conventional steel and concrete materials. The LCC analysis indicated the preliminary design using FRP materials could be more cost effective over a 100-year service life than ones using traditional materials.
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DeSantis, John, and Jeffery Roesler. Longitudinal Cracking Investigation on I-72 Experimental Unbonded Concrete Overlay. Illinois Center for Transportation, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-002.

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A research study investigated longitudinal cracking developing along an experimental unbonded concrete overlay (UBOL) on I-72 near Riverton, Illinois. The project evaluated existing literature on UBOL (design, construction, and performance), UBOL case studies, and mechanistic-empirical design procedures for defining the mechanisms that are contributing to the observed distresses. Detailed distress surveys and coring were conducted to assess the extent of the longitudinal cracking and faulting along the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint. Coring over the transverse contraction joints in the driving lane showed stripping and erosion of the dense-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) interlayer was the primary mechanism initiating the longitudinal cracks. Cores from the lane-shoulder joint confirmed stripping and erosion was also occurring there and leading to the elevation difference between the driving lane and shoulder. Field sections by surrounding state departments of transportation (DOTs), such as Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Pennsylvania, with similar UBOL design features to the I-72 section were examined. Site visits were performed in Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania, while other sections were reviewed via state DOT contacts as well as Google Earth and Maps. Evidence from other DOTs suggested that HMA interlayers, whether dense graded or drainable, could experience stripping, erosion, and instability under certain conditions. An existing performance test for interlayers, i.e., Hamburg wheel-tracking device, and current models reviewed were not able to predict the distresses on I-72 eastbound. Adapting a dynamic cylinder test is a next step to screen HMA interlayers (or other stabilized layers) for stripping and erosion potential. To slow down the cracking and faulting on I-72 eastbound, sealing of the longitudinal lane-shoulder joint and driving lane transverse joints is suggested. To maximize UBOL service life, an HMA overlay will minimize water infiltration into the interlayer system and significantly slow down the HMA stripping and erosion mechanism that has led to longitudinal cracking and lane-shoulder faulting.
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