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1
Hrstich, Peter M. "Development of a self-steering wheelset for a large cane wagon." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1989. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36470/1/36470_Hrstich_1989.pdf.
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The Queenslana Sugar Industry has always strived to
reduce the cost of production of raw sugar to compete
successtully on the world market. Economic pressures of low
raw sugar prices over the last five years has forced a close
examination of produc1:ion costs. A study into these costs
attributed twenty percent of the direct production costs to
transport of the cane by railway to the factory. These
narrow gauge railways operate small cane wagons (3 to 6
tonne) which are now out of scale to other developments
within the industry.
Investigations by the Sugar Research Institute into
the cane railway system showed the maintenance costs
proportional to the number of axles in service. In short the
maintenance costs of the small wagons were too high. It was
proposed these costs could be significantly reduced by
introducing a large four wheeled cane wagon {up to 20 tonne
capacity) •
A large cane wagon would have a long wheelbase in
relation to the curve radius typical oi cane railways. If
the two wheelsets were rigid with the wagon chassis
negotation of the curve would be difficult and result in
excessive wheel and rail wear. The probability of derailment
would also be high. To overcome these problems the Sugar
Research Institute suggested it may be feasible to develop a
wheelset which could be self-steering and align itself
radially on a curve.
The aim of this ~reject was to develop a self-steering
wheelset for a large cane wagon that would be of low capital
cost and require a minimum of maintenance. A suspension to
allow a wheelset to selt-steer was designed using available
theoretical and experimental information. 'lwo prototype
wheelsets and suspensions wer~ constructea and attached to a
ballasted large wagon chassis for testing.The wheelsets performed well over typical cane railway
track, although there were occasions when the wheelsets did
not steer radially on a particular curve and steering
failed. This curve was found to have severely worn rail
protiles which caused the flange of the wheel to contact the
inner face of the outer rail. Steering was subsequently lost
due to a reduction in the available friction forces. It was
concluded that track standards need to be closely controlled
to attain the full benefit of large cane wagons being
introduced. Further work is needed to determine the life of
the prototype mechanism and the interaction ol a train
comprised entirely of large cane wagons.
The results in general have shown the self-steering
wheelset design to be successful in negotiating typical cane
railway track with minimum radius curves of 100 m. It should
be known the large wagon did not derail at any time during
the tests conducted. 'l'he suspension design is simple and
utilises standard cane railway components which results in a
low capital cost with minimum maintenance.
2
Yaschur, Jefferey C. "Design of a personal vehicle for campus transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23079.
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Langley, Tyler. "Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/409.
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Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California
Tyler Langley
Since the oil crisis of 1973, energy use in the United States of America has been a growing area of concern. Studies have shown that the construction industry is responsible for almost half of all annual energy consumption. With this awareness, the analysis of energy use within the related construction fields has become an emergent subject. One facet of construction energy use that has been less studied than others is that of the energy consumed in transporting building materials from manufacturing plants to construction sites. This thesis proposes a methodology for determining the energy consumed during the transportation of building materials to a construction site and applies this methodology to estimate the transportation component of the total energy consumed in the lifecycle of a residential building in California. Comparisons are then drawn among the embodied energy of the materials used in the construction of the building, the energy used to transport the materials and the products used in the on-site assembly of the building, and the energy consumed during the occupancy of the building.
The first chapter covers the intent of the thesis, as well as a categorization and explanation of the main areas of energy usage in the construction industry. This is followed by a delineation of the methodology used to research transportation energy. Chapter 2 details the development of the framework that is discussed in Chapter 1. This includes the unique problem areas of calculating transportation energy, the resulting parameters that focus the area of study, and the general assumptions derived from those parameters. Chapter 3 is a case study of a single-family two-story house in northern California. First, the considerations and reasons for the choice are defined, establishing this as a representative residence for the area. The material choices and structural system choices are also discussed. Then, the framework introduced in Chapter 2 is applied in the case study. This introduces more case-specific problems in the types of calculations used for estimating transportation energy. Chapter 4 contains a summary of the findings as well as a reflection on the process followed by suggestions for future research and application for the subject of transportation energy usage. In this summary, it is shown that the energy used in transportation of materials to the site of the case study house amounts to 10.5 million Btu, which is roughly 2.5% of the embodied energy, and 21% of the occupational energy usage per year.
4
Wylezinski, Andrzej T. "Extra-light log trailer design." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022007-133640/.
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Lasley, Victoria Lynn. "REDEFINING CONSTRUCTION “AS-BUILT” PLANS TO MEET CURRENT KENTUCKY TRANSPORTATION CABINET NEEDS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/76.
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As-built drawings are the traditional method used by the construction industry to record changes made during construction. As-builts provide valuable information for new design projects as well as rehabilitation and remediation projects. The completeness and accuracy of these plans are essential for transportation industries and their success. While the importance of as-builts is widely recognized, the process of creating them has proven to be difficult. It is a time consuming process and entities often lack the resources necessary to complete accurate and detailed as-builts. After an investigation of current as-built operations within State Transportation Agencies, recommendations have been made to redefine construction "as-built" plans to meet current state transportation needs. First, the importance of a central storage location accessible to all stakeholders cannot be overemphasized. Along with a central storage location, standard guidelines should be developed regarding what information is required to be included within as-built plans. This study's approach to developing such guidelines included meeting with as-built end users and formulating a list of requested information. To ensure as-builts are being completed on time and accurately, it is recommended that as-built plans be developed throughout the project using simple to use editing software on iPads. A PDF editor is ideal for as-built development as PDF is the requested format by most end users. Finally, to ensure this process is being followed by construction, a liaison between as-built developers and users is recommended.
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Membah, Joseph F. J. "Parametric Cost Estimating and Risk Analysis of Transportation Tunneling Projects." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25908.
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Due to the increased scrutiny of construction costs for infrastructure projects by the
public and legislators, it is becoming increasing important for project developers to prepare
accurate conceptual cost estimates for transportation tunnel projects at the feasibility stage to aid
in making investment decisions. Past studies have emphasized that tunnel-project costs have
been significantly underestimated, and cost uncertainties and risks have been identified as the
cause of cost under or overestimation. A broad understanding of the factors that contribute to
cost underestimation is important as it enables researchers and estimators to develop appropriate
functions, evaluate, and implement them to produce realistic cost estimates.
This study was aimed at developing parametric cost estimation functions and quantifying
their risks for transportation tunnel projects. A comprehensive background study of more than 39
published articles on transportation tunnel infrastructure projects was conducted through a
systematic literature review and 40 key estimating parameters that may impact project costs and
the associated project logistics were identified. Data from completed tunnel projects were
collected and used to develop the parametric cost equations. Exploratory analyses were first
performed to discover the correlations among tunnel costs and tunnel cost parameters/drivers.
The purpose of this effort was to assess if a relationship existed between tunnel variables and
tunnel project cost estimates. Parametric cost estimation functions were then developed for
different tunnel applications. There has been no comprehensive study performed to date to
develop parametric cost estimation functions that incorporated risk and uncertainty for
transportation tunnel projects. Two representative sample case studies were performed and
Monte Carlo simulation was used to quantify the associated risks. The results from the case
studies illustrate the need to use appropriate techniques to simulate tunnel costs and quantify the risks associated with the estimates. The findings of the study provide a methodology to estimate
the costs of transportation tunnels and quantify the uncertainties and risks associated with the
costs. The methodology developed in this research could help reduce the incidence of project
cost underestimation and alleviate some of the controversies surrounding cost overruns in
transportation tunnel projects.
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Hussein, Mohammed Ali, and Joel Wirén. "Digital Soil Tracking System for the Construction Industry : Developing technology for more efficient mass transportation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21899.
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Background: The construction sector is growing rapidly and is on the list among the most significant segments of the global economy. The output from global construction is expected to reach 12 trillion US dollars by 2025. This rapid growth in an industry that has been staying comparatively the same because of the conservative nature of this sector can cause problems. Some companies are depending on old-fashioned habits and practices, which leads to decreased productivity and efficiency. Some trends in this segment impose higher demands in terms of cost, time, sustainability, transparency, and an increased need for accessible technology, equipment, construction materials, and processes. Aim and Purpose: This thesis aims to underline the problems with the current material tracking and material data management in the construction industry. To highlight the limitations and create a minimum viable product, demonstrating the ability to introduce a semi-automated solution to aid the creation of a future circular system. Methods: In this thesis, the Design Research Methodology, together with the Design Thinking methodology, has been used to support the researchers' emphasis on achieving progress and insights regarding the existing issues, conditions, and probabilities. The Design Thinking methodology was used to tackle complex problems which may not have a clear list of needs and requirements. Further, semistructured interviews and observations have been used to gather qualitative data for the project to support decision-making and validity. Results: The result presented is a tracking system with hardware consisting of a probe and a beacon, and software including a database, REST API, MQTT broker, a mobile app, and a website. The system helps companies in the construction industry to easily document, monitor, track, and follow up transportation data and records. It also allows companies to take a step away from the outdated systems and methods, like physical delivery notes, and be more prepared for the future of transportation in the construction industry. Conclusions: An efficient system for data management during transport is absolutely necessary to drive the transition period towards a more sustainable and digitalized construction industry. The proposed solution in this thesis shows the possibilities of digitizing data linked to the transport of soil masses in the construction industry and what benefits this can provide. The next step in further developing this tracking system can be to investigate some of the issues that exist with the embedded tracking system.Bakgrund: Byggsektorn växer snabbt och är på listan bland de viktigaste segmenten i den globala ekonomin. Produktionen från den globala konstruktionen förväntas uppgå till 12 biljoner US dollar under året 2025. Denna snabba tillväxt i en bransch som har varit relativt sammalunda på grund av den konservativa karaktären av denna sektor kan orsaka problem. Vissa företag är beroende av gammaldags vanor och metoder, vilket leder till minskad produktivitet och effektivitet. Vissa trender inom detta segment ställer högre krav när det gäller kostnad, tid, hållbarhet, transparens och ett ökat behov av tillgänglig teknik, utrustning, byggmaterial och processer. Syfte: Denna avhandling syftar till att understryka problemen med den aktuella materialspårningen och materialhanteringen i byggbranschen. För att lyfta fram begränsningarna och skapa en minimal och effektiv produkt, visa förmågan att införa en halvautomatisk lösning för att underlätta skapandet av ett framtida cirkulärt system. Metod: I denna avhandling har Design Research Methodology, tillsammans med Design Thinkingmetoden, använts för att stödja forskarnas tryck på att uppnå framsteg och insikter om befintliga frågor, förhållanden och sannolikheter. Metoden Design Thinking användes för att kunna angripa de komplexa problemen som eventuellt inte har en tydlig lista över behov och krav. Vidare har halvstrukturerade intervjuer och observationer använts för att samla in kvalitativa data för projektet för att stödja beslutsfattandet och validering av resultat. Resultat: Resultatet som presenteras är ett spårningssystem med hårdvara som inkluderar en Probe och en Beacon, samt en programvara del av systemet som inkluderar en databas, REST API, MQTT-broker, en mobil-app och en webbplats. Systemet hjälper företag inom byggbranschen att enkelt sammanställa, övervaka, spåra och följa upp transportdata och dokument. Det blir även möjligt för företag att ta ett steg bort från föråldrade system och metoder, som fysiska följesedlar, och vara mer beredda på framtiden för transport inom byggbranschen. Slutsatser: Ett effektivt system för datahantering under transport är absolut nödvändigt för att driva fram övergångstiden mot en mer hållbar och digitaliserad byggindustri. Den föreslagna lösningen i denna avhandling visar möjligheterna att digitalisera data kopplade till transport av jordmassor i byggbranschen och vilka fördelar detta kan ge. Nästa steg för att vidareutveckla detta spårningssystem kan vara att undersöka några av de problem som finns med det inbäddade spårningssystemet.
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Wallberg, Stefan, and Karin Lofgren. "Sustainable Construction in the Transportation Infrastructure Industry– as a vision and in practice." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98389.
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This study has been conducted on behalf of Vectura Consulting AB with the purpose to examine how different actors perceive the dimensions of sustainability and sustainable construction. The purpose is also to provide an understanding of existing barriers and opportunities for sustainable construction within the industry and exemplify with different directions for the actors in order to develop sustainability. The study has approach the research problem by using systems theory, developed by Checkland, to identify the relevant system. Other systems theories has been used as an theoretical framework in order to identify barriers and opportunities, which in this study are based on Hughes’s theory about reverse salients and salients. Interviews with a selection of different actors in the industry and prior research have in this study served as empirics and the perspective of the systems theory defines the necessary tools to be used. The study shows that no consistency prevails regarding the definition of sustainability among the actors. Although, the environmental aspect of sustainability is prioritized by a majority of the actors oppose to social and economic aspects. Furthermore, for some of the actors economy is governing while for others it is decisive. Sustainable construction is characterized by a long-term parallel process with incentives such as branding, recruiting, and optimized operations. Moreover, the study indicates a willingness among the actors to define the concept of sustainability in order to achieve an industry wide definition. Such a definition would be of benefit for simplifying procurement and developing sustainable construction. The study identified two barriers and two opportunities. The actors agrees on that the procurement regulations of the Swedish infrastructure authority “Trafikverket” in combination with contracts defined by multiple products, and the objectives of Trafikverket, are the two main barriers for holding back the development of sustainability in the industry. However, Trafikverket’s goal to increase the number of contracts based on function is seen as an opportunity as it enables creativity and innovation and a possible side effect of sustainable development. In addition, side bids from different actors are considered as a driver that will accelerate Trafikverket’s work regarding sustainability and especially sustainable construction. Finally, the authors give examples of directions for the industry to enhance sustainable construction and by doing so the authors connect vision with practice.
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Lambert, Sam R. "Transportation enhancements : a creative interpretation to the proposed widening of State Route 67 south." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041732.
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Transportation corridors are designed to transfer motorists from one area to another in the safest and most efficient way possible. Unfortunately, in Indiana scenic and environmental enhancements, often, were not a priority in the past. The main problem, therefore, is that travelers of most Indiana highways have been deprived of inspiring scenic opportunities and cultural enlightenment, thus there is a need to educate those involved in the design and implementation process to take heed of the advantages these enhancements and amenities can provide.This study examines the SR 67 South transportation corridor from 1-69 at Daleville, Indiana, to Delaware CR 500 South, and proposes an overall transportation corridor concept that could be implemented. This study, also, investigates current Indiana Department of Transportation policies and practices involving scenic and environmental enhancements in transportation corridors, while specifically evaluating the department's assessment of the suggestions offered in "The Gateways of Delaware County" study (in which SR 67 was incorporated).In the end, this study provides significant insight into the "posture" of those directly involved in the design and implementation process of transportation corridors; however, augmenting that posture to the advantages and importance of scenic and environmental enhancements will remain a struggle, especially during these economically challenging times. One added subplot; How can the landscape architect provide guidance to bring new understanding to those persons involved in highway design which results in improved scenic and cultural opportunities to SR 67?Department of Landscape Architecture
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譚智傑 and Chi-kit Andy Tam. "Transportation planning towards a responsive urban street environment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980296.
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Dumbaugh, Eric. "Safe Streets, Livable Streets: A Positive Approach to Urban Roadside Design." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08052005-134758/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.Michael Meyer, Committee Chair ; Adjo Amekudzi, Committee Member ; Randall Guensler, Committee Member ; David Sawicki, Committee Member ; Michael Dobbins, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lau, Chung-sum Edmund, and 劉淞森. "A study of evaluation methodology for passenger handling facilities insubway stations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950632.
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Blanton, Paul 1968. "The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.
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xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences
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Gbologah, Franklin Ekoue. "Development of a multimodal port freight transportation model for estimating container throughput." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34817.
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Computer based simulation models have often been used to study the multimodal freight transportation system. But these studies have not been able to dynamically couple the various modes into one model; therefore, they are limited in their ability to inform on dynamic system level interactions. This research thesis is motivated by the need to dynamically couple the multimodal freight transportation system to operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. It is part of a larger research program to develop a systems modeling framework applicable to freight transportation. This larger research program attempts to dynamically couple railroad, seaport, and highway freight transportation models. The focus of this thesis is the development of the coupled railroad and seaport models. A separate volume (Wall 2010) on the development of the highway model has been completed.
The model railroad and seaport was developed using Arena® simulation software and it comprises of the Ports of Savannah, GA, Charleston, NC, Jacksonville, FL, their adjacent CSX rail terminal, and connecting CSX railroads in the southeastern U.S. However, only the simulation outputs for the Port of Savannah are discussed in this paper. It should be mentioned that the modeled port layout is only conceptual; therefore, any inferences drawn from the model's outputs do not represent actual port performance.
The model was run for 26 continuous simulation days, generating 141 containership calls, 147 highway truck deliveries of containers, 900 trains, and a throughput of 28,738 containers at the Port of Savannah, GA. An analysis of each train's trajectory from origin to destination shows that trains spend between 24 - 67 percent of their travel time idle on the tracks waiting for permission to move. Train parking demand analysis on the adjacent shunting area at the multimodal terminal seems to indicate that there aren't enough containers coming from the port because the demand is due to only trains waiting to load. The simulation also shows that on average it takes containerships calling at the Port of Savannah about 3.2 days to find an available dock to berth and unload containers. The observed mean turnaround time for containerships was 4.5 days.
This experiment also shows that container residence time within the port and adjacent multimodal rail terminal varies widely. Residence times within the port range from about 0.2 hours to 9 hours with a mean of 1 hour. The average residence time inside the rail terminal is about 20 minutes but observations varied from as little as 2 minutes to a high of 2.5 hours. In addition, about 85 percent of container residence time in the port is spent idle.
This research thesis demonstrates that it is possible to dynamically couple the different sub-models of the multimodal freight transportation system. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed by future research. The principal challenge is the development of a more efficient train movement algorithm that can incorporate the actual Direct Traffic Control (DTC) and / or Automatic Block Signal (ABS) track segmentation. Such an algorithm would likely improve the capacity estimates of the railroad network. In addition, future research should seek to reduce the high computational cost imposed by a discrete process modeling methodology and the adoption of single container resolution level for terminal operations. A methodology combining both discrete and continuous process modeling as proposed in this study could lessen computational costs and lower computer system requirements at a cost of some of the feedback capabilities of the model This tradeoff must be carefully examined.
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Shankar, Sanjeev. "Analysis of microprocessor based vehicular instrumentation and automatic passenger counting systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41570.
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Information on transit ridership and operations is a
necessary condition as far as efficient management is considered.
Transit managements on the acquisition of such a
data base can confirm predictions about scheduling, receive
warnings about potential dangers and plan future operations
on a much broader and precise base. Data from passenger counts provide essential information to marketing and scheduling
personnel by identifying peak load-points and the such.
Using manual collection methods for such data is expensive
and prone to human errors. Automatic Passenger Counting
(APC) systems are viewed as an improved and economical technique
for data collection. Such systems monitor the progress
of a particular vehicle -- its position, number of passengers
getting on and off, times and distances between stops -- and
make this data available for processing. These are state of
the art systems, mostly microprocessor based and often embracing
a modular structure. The Red Pine system is such a system with different dedicated modules for each bank of
tasks. Multitasking software is seen to be an powerful tool
for such systems and simplify the architecture of the system
hardware. A CHMOS hardware design, suited for multitasking
softwares is provided. Interfacing software for the Red Pine
system has been developed and is explained. Debugging testing
and simulation of the Red Pine hardware is detailed.
Modifications have been recorded and improvements suggested.Master of Science
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Al-Jhayyish, Anwer K. "Incorporating Chemical Stabilization of the Subgrade in Pavement Design andConstruction Practices." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1405480246.
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Damak, Youssef. "Operational Context-Based Design and Architecting of Autonomous Vehicles A semi-automated requirements reuse and recycling process for Autonomous Transportation Systems R&D." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC029.
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Les Véhicules Autonomes (VA) sont des systèmes émergents et considérés comme une pierre angulaire de la mobilité du futur. Leur conception est à l'origine de nombreux efforts de recherche universitaires et industrielles. L'industrialisation des VAs est un moyen pour les acteurs de la mobilité de renforcer le positionnement futur. Les VAs fonctionnent en interagissant avec leur contexte opérationnel (CO) et doivent être adaptés à celui-ci. L'adaptation des architectures des VAs à leur CO dès la conception devient un défi important dans la conception de VA robustes.L'état de l’art actuel ne propose pas de méthodes de conception d’architecture de VAs basées sur le CO. Ce travail de recherche vise à soutenir les activités d'architecture des Véhicules Autonomes pour aboutir à des architectures adaptées à leurs contextes opérationnels. Une ontologie du CO pour Véhicules Autonomes est proposée pour soutenir l'identification et la définition de scénarios dans la phase initiale de conception, suivant une approche de conception basée sur les scénarios. En utilisant cette ontologie, une méthode de conception de l'architecture logique des VAs basée sur l'OC est proposée. La prise en compte du CO dans les activités de conception d'architecture des VAs est renforcée par une deuxième méthode visant à évaluer l'impact du changement du CO sur l'architecture durant la phase de conception. Les contributions proposées sont validées par des études de cas industriels sur la conception d'architectures AV tenant en compte du CO et de son évolutionAutonomous Vehicles (AV) are emerging systems and considered cornerstones of the future of mobility. Their design is a source of many academic and industrial research efforts. The industrialization of AV is the mean for mobility stakeholders to strengthen their future position. AVs function by interacting with their operational environment and must be fit for their Operational Context (OC). Adapting AVs architectures to their Operational Context during design becomes an important challenge in designing robust AV.The current state of the art does not propose AV architecting methods based on the OC. This research work aims to support the architecting activities of Autonomous Vehicles to result in architectures fit for their Operational Context. An OC ontology for AV is proposed to support scenario identification and definition in the early design phase, for a scenario-based design approach. Using this ontology, a method to design AV logical architecture based on the OC is proposed. The consideration of the OC in the architecting activities of AV is strengthened with a second method aiming at assessing the impact of OC change on the AV’s architecture during the design phase. The proposed contributions are validated with industrial case studies on the design of AV architectures given the OC and its evolution
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Stultz, Henry Eugene. "An analysis of the Federal and California False Claims Acts and the implications for the California Department of Transportation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2562.
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The construction of state highway projects is bid out each year at approximately three billion dollars. Claims from contractors for additional compensation are common. This paper investigates the policies and procedures for handling claims and explores the False Claims Act case law and its implications for the Department of Transportation's contract administration.
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Engelbrecht, Louise. "A decision support tool for capacity designing of BRT stations using discrete-event simulation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5226.
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Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to investigate the capacity of a proposed bus rapid transit (BRT) station in Cape Town. A bus rapid transit system is a high-capacity public transportation system that carries passengers from one point to another, providing a service that is faster and more efficient than an ordinary bus line. The implementation of these systems is increasing rapidly worldwide, serving as a solution to decrease traffic congestion. The capacity of the proposed bus station, known as the Thibault Station, is investigated in the study by developing a simulation model. The aim is to develop a stochastic simulation model, which represents the flow of passengers throughout the station so that the station capacity can be investigated. By developing a stochastic model as opposed to a deterministic model, elements of uncertainty can be included into the model, thereby representing a system that is closer to the real-life situation under investigation. The majority of BRT systems, as well as past studies undertaken on the Thibault Station, are designed using deterministic calculations. The study commences by researching literature on BRT systems and focuses on the current methods used to calculate station capacity requirements. Thereafter, the concept of simulation is introduced. Simulation is the method chosen to model and evaluate the passenger and bus operations at the Thibault Station. The study presents the methods used to build and verify the simulation model. This is done to familiarise the user with a number of aspects of the model. The model can then be used as a tool to investigate capacity parameters and alternative designs or scenarios. Using the results of these investigations, decisions can ultimately be made regarding the planning and design components of any bus rapid transit station given that the model is adapted. Scenario results, as well as interpretations of performance measurements, are presented at the end of the study. The results can be used for more realistic design of BRT stations using stochastic modelling.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om ondersoek in te stel na die kapasiteit van „n hoëspoed bus vervoer stelsel (BRT). Die ondersoek is gebaseer op „n voorgestelde bus stelsel vir Kaapstad. „n BRT-stelsel is „n hoë-kapasiteit publieke vervoerstelsel wat passasiers van een punt na „n ander vervoer, deur „n diens te verskaf wat vinniger en meer doeltreffend is as „n gewone bus stelsel. Die implementering van hierdie tipe stelsels neem wêreldwyd toe en dien as „n oplossing om verkeersopeenhopings te verminder. Die spesifieke busstasie wat ondersoek word staan bekend as die Thibault Stasie van Kaapstad se BRT-stelsel. Die kapasiteit van die stasie word ondersoek deur middel van simulasiemodellering. Die doel is om „n stogastiese simulasiemodel wat die vloei van passasiers modelleer te ontwikkel ten einde die kapasiteit van die stasie te ondersoek. Deur „n stogastiese model in plaas van „n deterministiese model te gebruik, kan elemente van onsekerheid ingesluit word. Dit verteenwoordig dus „n stelsel wat nader aan die werklikheid is. Tans word meeste BRT-stelsels ontwerpe gebaseer op deterministiese berekeninge, asook historiese studies wat onderneem is oor die Thibault Stasie. Die studie begin deur literatuur oor BRT-stelsels te bestudeer en fokus daarna op die huidige metodes wat gebruik word om die vereiste kapasiteit van „n busstasie te bepaal. Die konsep van simulasie word daarna voorgestel. Simulasie is die metode wat in die studie gebruik word om die passasier- en busaktiwiteite van die Thibault Stasie te modelleer en te evalueer. Die studie verskaf die metodes wat gebruik word vir die ontwikkeling en geldigmaak van die simulasiemodel. Gebruikers word op dié manier blootgestel aan die verskillende aspekte van die model. Nadat die gebruikers vertroud is met sekere aspekte van die model, word die model verder uiteengesit en word daar verduidelik hoe dit as „n instrument om kapasiteit parameters en alternatiewe ontwerpe van busstasies te ondersoek kan dien. Die resultate van die model kan gebruik word om beplannings- en ontwerpbesluite van enige busstasie te neem. Aan die einde van die studie word scenarioresultate bekendgestel, asook die interpretasie daarvan. Die resultate kan gebruik word vir meer realistiese ontwerp van BRT-stasies met behulp van stogastiese simulasie modellering.
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Johnson, Pamela Christine. "Bicycle Level of Service: Where are the Gaps in Bicycle Flow Measures?" PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1975.
Full textAbstract:
Bicycle use is increasing in many parts of the U.S. Local and regional governments have set ambitious bicycle mode share goals as part of their strategy to curb greenhouse gas emissions and relieve traffic congestion. In particular, Portland, Oregon has set a 25% mode share goal for 2030 (PBOT 2010). Currently bicycle mode share in Portland is 6.1% of all trips. Other cities and regional planning organizations are also setting ambitious bicycle mode share goals and increasing bicycle facilities and programs to encourage bicycling. Increases in bicycle mode share are being encouraged to increase. However, cities with higher-than-average bicycle mode share are beginning to experience locations with bicycle traffic congestion, especially during peak commute hours. Today, there are no established methods are used to describe or measure bicycle traffic flows.
In the 1960s, the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) introduced Level of Service (LOS) measurements to describe traffic flow and capacity of motor vehicles on highways using an A-to-F grading system; "A" describes free flow traffic with no maneuvering constraints for the driver and an "F" grade corresponds to over capacity situations in which traffic flow breaks down or becomes "jammed". LOS metrics were expanded to highway and road facilities, operations and design. In the 1990s, the HCM introduced LOS measurements for transit, pedestrians, and bicycles. Today, there are many well established and emerging bicycle level of service (BLOS) methods that measure the stress, comfort and perception of safety of bicycle facilities. However, it was been assumed that bicycle traffic volumes are low and do not warrant the use of a LOS measure for bicycle capacity and traffic flow. There are few BLOS methods that take bicycle flow into consideration, except for in the case of separated bicycle and bicycle-pedestrian paths.
This thesis investigated the state of BLOS capacity methods that use bicycle volumes as a variable. The existing methods were applied to bicycle facility elements along a corridor that experiences high bicycle volumes in Portland, Oregon. Using data from the study corridor, BLOS was calculated and a sensitivity analysis was applied to each of the methods to determine how sensitive the models are to each of the variables used. An intercept survey was conducted to compare the BLOS capacity scores calculated for the corridor with the users' perception. In addition, 2030 bicycle mode share for the study corridor was estimated and the implications of increased future bicycle congestion were discussed. Gaps in the BLOS methods, limitations of the thesis study and future research were summarized.
In general, the existing methods for BLOS capacity are intended for separated paths; they are not appropriate for existing high traffic flow facilities. Most of the BLOS traffic flow methods that have been developed are most sensitive to bicycle volumes. Some of these models may be a good starting point to improve BLOS capacity and traffic flow measures for high bicycle volume locations. Without the tools to measure and evaluate the patterns of bicycle capacity and traffic flow, it will be difficult to monitor and mitigate bicycle congestion and to plan for efficient bicycle facilities in the future. This report concludes that it is now time to develop new BLOS capacity measures that address bicycle traffic flow.
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Carbol, Štěpán. "Stavebně technologický projekt výrobní haly Massag v Bílovci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265322.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the construction of steel buildings in Bílovec. In this work we are solved structurally technological study of the construction of steel buildings. The work deals with the traffic situation around the building and a landing distance. The thesis focuses on the installation for the steel skeleton and industrial floors of wire reinforced concrete, time and financial plan, project, site equipment, design of main construction machines and mechanisms, timelines, capital construction object, then control plan for the steel skeleton and industrial floor. Moreover, it is processed itemized budget including bills of quantities, Risk Plan for the steel skeleton and industrial flooring and design details. The basis for this work was the design documentation for the realization of this project.
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"Genetic modified organism (GMO): logistics complex in the Kwai Chung Container Terminal." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891772.
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Chou, Chien-Cheng. "Decision support model for the combined transportation and utility construction strategy." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3019.
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Chou, Chien-Cheng 1974. "Decision support model for the combined transportation and utility construction strategy." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/13186.
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Zhou, Junlin. "Fiber-reinforced composite materials for coal transportation railcar bed." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33324.
Full textAbstract:
The material properties of the candidate fiber-reinforced composite materials
and different fabrication methods for fiber composites were discussed. The
improvement of the hand lay-up process for polyurethane impregnated Kevlar was
investigated. Testing samples for lab and prototype tests were fabricated by hand lay-up
process. The study showed that fiber composites fabricated by the hand lay-up
process can achieve good properties, and advanced fabrication methods could be
applied In industrial manufacturing processes to improve the fiber composite
properties.
A nonlinear static analysis was discussed. The ANSYS finite element analysis
computer program was used to build stress analysis models, simulate the loading
conditions, and perform the nonlinear static analysis. The tensile strength proof test
was designed and done by using a microcomputer controlled Instron 4505. It showed
that the different types of fiber composites can meet the strength requirements for the
application. Polyurethane impregnated Kevlar showed the best strength properties
among the different types of fiber composites, which were fabricated and tested.
The wear and abrasion properties of the different types of fiber composites
were discussed and relevant tests were introduced. An ultraviolet light exposure test
and the Oregon Department of Transportation road-cover test were conducted.
Moisture and acid resistance and cost analysis were also discussed.
Based on the results of the study, a prediction of the optimal fiber-reinforced
composite materials was made. Also, various conclusions and recommendations for
future research work were made.Graduation date: 2000
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Akay, Abdullah E. "Minimizing total cost of construction, maintenance, and transportation costs with computer-aided forest road design /." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/9295.
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"Contract Administration Functions and Tools for Design-Build and Construction Manager/General Contractor Project Delivery in U.S. Highway Construction." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53505.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The demand for new highway infrastructure, the need to repair aging infrastructure, and the drive to optimize public expenditures on infrastructure have led transportation agencies toward alternative contracting methods (ACMs) such as design-build (DB) and construction manager/general contractor (CM/GC). U.S. transportation agencies have substantial experience with traditional design-bid-build delivery. To promote ACMs, the Federal Highway Administration and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCRHP) have published ACM guidance documents. However, the published material and research tend to focus on pre-award activities. The need for guidance on ACM post-award activities is confirmed in NCHRP’s request for a guidebook focusing on ACM contract administration (NCHRP 2016).
This dissertation fills the crucial knowledge gap in contract administration functions and tools for DB and CM/GC highway project delivery. First, this research identifies and models contract administration functions in DBB, CM/GC, and DB using integrated definition modeling (IDEF0). Second, this research identifies and analyzes DB and CM/GC tools for contract administration by conducting 30 ACM project case studies involving over 90 ACM practitioners. Recommendations on appropriate use regarding project phase, complexity, and size were gathered from 16 ACM practitioners. Third, the alternative technical concepts tool was studied. Data from 30 DB projects was analyzed to explore the timing of DB procurement and DB initial award performance in relation to the project influence curve. Types of innovations derived from ATCs are discussed. Considerable industry input at multiple stages grounds this research in professional practice.
Results indicate that the involvement of the contractor during the design phase for both DB and CM/GC delivery creates unique contract administration functions that need unique tools. Thirty-six DB and CM/GC tools for contract administration are identified with recommendations for effective implementation. While strong initial award performance is achievable in DB projects, initial award performance in this sample of projects is only loosely tied to the level of percent base design at procurement. Cost savings typically come from multiple ATCs, and innovations tend to be incremental rather than systemic, disruptive, or radical. Opportunity for innovation on DB highway projects is influenced by project characteristics and engaging the DB entity after pre-project planning.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019
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Marijnen, Michelle. "An evaluation of subjective road classification terminology through interaction models." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5335.
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M.Ing.South African road infrastructure has developed as product of various influences such as growth in traffic demand, economic and social demand, policies and imperatives, access needs and political ideologies and pressures. A country needs to revisit their road classification model on regular bases to ensure these influences are addressed. This support ensures sustainable economic and social growth in a region. Road classification models internationally and nationally use non-quantified terminology to classify road classes. Terminology such as “key towns” or “important towns” is commonly used. These terms creates misleading interpretations by authorities and transportation planners. This study developed a method to define road classification classes based on the economic activity and social interaction between origin and destination towns. The outcome is to eradicate the non-quantified terminology use in road classes.
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"Infrastructure planning in China's polycentric region: a case study of the Pearl River Delta intercity railway." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894863.
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Chen, Yanyan."Septembet 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-148).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Problem and Objective --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significance --- p.3
Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.5
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.14
Chapter Chapter 2 --- State Rescaling and Regional Planning: Concepts and Issues in the Western Countries and China --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- The Reworking of State Power --- p.16
Chapter 2.3 --- The Rescaling Concept --- p.19
Chapter 2.4 --- "The State Rescaling Concept, Regional Development and Rescaling Process in Regions" --- p.24
Chapter 2.5 --- The Regional Scale of Politics: Expressions of State Rescaling --- p.29
Chapter 2.6 --- The State Restructuring and the Rise of Regions in China: A Review --- p.32
Chapter 2.7 --- Summary --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Conceptualizing Spatial Planning as a Process of State rescaling: towards an Analytical Framework --- p.38
Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptualizing the Spatial Planning as a Process of State Rescaling --- p.38
Chapter 3.2 --- Regional Planning in China --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- Towards a Theoretical Framework --- p.53
Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.58
Chapter Chapter 4 --- The State in Transition: A Need for Planning Coordination in Cross-boundary Railways --- p.61
Chapter 4.1 --- Changing Political Economy --- p.61
Chapter 4.2 --- Institutional Structure in Planning Regional Railways --- p.71
Chapter 4.3 --- Pearl River Delta: the Railway Planning Context --- p.82
Chapter 4.4 --- General Propositions on Planning Coordination of Regional Railways in China --- p.86
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Planning the Pearl River Delta Intercity Railway: Institutional Form and the Planning Mechanisms --- p.90
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.90
Chapter 5.2 --- Planning the PRD Intercity Railway: an Introduction of Three Planning Phases --- p.90
Chapter 5.3 --- The Planning Process of the PRD Intercity Railway: Interaction among Multiple Jurisdictions --- p.96
Chapter 5.4 --- The Scalar Changes of Central-provincial-local State: State Rescaling Process --- p.122
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.128
Chapter 6.1 --- Major Findings --- p.128
Chapter 6.2 --- Suggestions for Further Studies --- p.133
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"Analysis of the State of Practice and Best Practices for Alternative Project Delivery Methods in the Transportation Design and Construction Industry." Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.27405.
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abstract: Alternative Project Delivery Methods (APDMs), namely Design Build (DB) and Construction Manager at Risk (CMAR), grew out of the need to find a more efficient project delivery approach than the traditional Design Bid Build (DBB) form of delivery. After decades of extensive APDM use, there have been many studies focused on the use of APDMs and project outcomes. Few of these studies have reached a level of statistical significance to make conclusive observations about APDMs. This research effort completes a comprehensive study for use in the horizontal transportation construction market, providing a better basis for decisions on project delivery method selection, improving understanding of best practices for APDM use, and reporting outcomes from the largest collection of APDM project data to date. The study is the result of an online survey of project owners and design teams from 17 states representing 83 projects nationally. Project data collected represents almost six billion US dollars. The study performs an analysis of the transportation APDM market and answers questions dealing with national APDM usage, motivators for APDM selection, the relation of APDM to pre-construction services, and the use of industry best practices. Top motivators for delivery method selection: the project schedule or the urgency of the project, the ability to predict and control cost, and finding the best method to allocate risk, as well as other factors were identified and analyzed. Analysis of project data was used to compare to commonly held assumptions about the project delivery methods, confirming some assumptions and refuting others. Project data showed that APDM projects had the lowest overall cost growth. DB projects had higher schedule growth. CMAR projects had low design schedule growth but high construction schedule growth. DBB showed very little schedule growth and the highest cost growth of the delivery methods studied. Best practices in project delivery were studied: team alignment, front end planning, and risk assessment were identified as practices most critical to project success. The study contributes and improves on existing research on APDM project selection and outcomes and fills many of the gaps in research identified by previous research efforts and industry leaders.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil Engineering 2014
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Winter, Andrew Edward. "Developing a system for the integrated management of forest roads and transport." Master's thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144729.
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Allen-Mossman, Anayvelyse. "Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-v83b-ks89.
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In Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 I examine the relationship between racialization and mechanization in the growing sugar industry in Argentina’s northern province of Tucuman in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. I argue that the sugar industrial project yielded an important visual record which foregrounded machine labor at a time when demands on human labor reached a fever pitch. This emphasis on machine labor obscured the existing labor conditions in these industrial landscapes, which involved race-based forms of exploitation. I focus on the particular strategies (posing, framing, lighting and emplacement) that photographers and engravers used to incorporate workers into images of railroad construction sites, factories and plantations—in booster books and state reports related to the sugar industry. Reformers and state officials used these photographs to illustrate arguments that advocated the primacy of one race of worker—creole or European—over the other, and picture ideal labor conditions that contradicted the observations of critics at the time.
Laborers in these photographs were often discussed in terms of their capacity for industrial labor and categorized by race. Given the interdependence between the state and private capital on this industrial project, the distinction between creole, indigenous and European workers was not only believed central to the growth of the sugar industry but also to the unity of the nation-state. The photographic and textual records, including political speeches, express the importance of race as an unstable proxy for the forms and conditions of labor. Labor, Race & Visuality in Argentina’s Sugar Industry 1868-1904 is divided into three parts, each addressing the different relationships between the state and industry. In my first chapter, “The Instruments of a New Argentina,” I focus on railway photography depicting the construction of a project intended to connect the plantations of the North to the expansive littoral market. Here I focus on how the figure of the capitalist was instrumentalized by statesmen to argue for increased immigration from Europe as a means of industrializing the nation. In the second chapter, “Beyond the Frame,” I explore the graphic documentation of the sugar industry in Tucumán to show how the representation of masses of workers heralded the mass migration of European workers to Tucumán was an ultimately failed project—creole workers predominated in the industry, and in the images the heralded masses built only to a small crowd. Finally, in “His continuous force makes him the machine,” I examine how the first state-commissioned report on the working class depicted relationships between factory workers and the new industrial machines, aestheticizing European workers through their physical proximity to machines and creole workers through their capacity for machine-like labor.
Although many studies about labor and race in industrializing Argentina are historiographical and limited to particular regions, my approach is to mobilize the comparative history of visuality to situate imaginaries of capital within a national and hemispheric context. In addition, by setting my investigation in the context of the Caribbean and North America, my work compares the formation of capital across the Atlantic world and shows how these processes are key to the formation of the Argentine nation-state. By emphasizing the role of creole workers in industrial production, my dissertation challenges commonly-held focus on European immigration in narratives about industrialization and race in Argentina. My dissertation demonstrates that creole workers were in fact central to debates about industrialization and labor within the expanding Argentine nation-state, and that photography is a critical site for understanding how their role was minimized in state narratives.
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Mofokeng, Nondumiso Nomonde Radebe. "The influence of public participation in the development of a construction phase Environmental Management Plan following EIA: a case study of the Gautrain rail link." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22724.
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Mini-Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree Master of Science (Environmental Sciences) School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Witwatersrand
School: Mining Engineering (Centre For Sustainability In Mining And Industry)
26 January 2017The Gautrain Rapid Rail Link project is one of the biggest transport projects undertaken in South Africa. One of the unique features of this project was the manner in which public participation was conducted. There were two stages of public participation, one for the EIA process and the other for the EMP process. The research undertaken sought to study the influence of public participation on the development of mitigation measures in an EMP following EIA. The aim of the research project was to assess how the mitigation of environmental impacts, developed for an EMP during the construction phase, were affected by public participation, using the Gautrain Rail Link as a case study. When the comments were classified according to how they related to the different mitigation management plans it was found that the issues most commented on were those pertaining to public consultation and disclosure, noise vibration, visual/aesthetics, working hours, surface water, traffic as well as construction sites. Approximately 7% of the comments made by IAPs could be linked to specific changes to DFEMPs. Approximately 4% of the changes suggested by IAPs were rejected by Bombela. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 238 targets; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of targets was 217 which reflected an 8.8% reduction. Prior to changes being made the DFEMP 2 had 789 method statements; by the end on DFEMP5 the number of method statements was 845 which reflected a 7.1% increase. These changes were mostly due to some of the targets being replaced by a “No complaints from the public” target and then the shifting of the previous targets into method statements. There was a change in the overall approach of mitigation targets to what could be viewed as more ‘people-orientated’ as opposed to mitigation that aimed to prevent adverse impacts to the environment. This was evident in the change of targets focusing on having no complaints from the public as opposed to setting targets that related to standards and specific environmental conditions. It was also found that the public input at the EMP stage could not have altered the mitigation strategy significantly but could have likely assisted in improving and refining the mitigation measures that had been selected. Public preference on the mitigation strategies applied was observed in the research as was the “Not In My Back Yard” phenomenon where the IAPs were more concerned with the impacts that directly affected their everyday lives and not the natural environment as a whole. It was noted that the input from the public resulted in valuable information being added and improved decision-making. It was found that the Independent Auditor’s comments resulted in the most evident changes in the DFEMPs. The public input process was able to highlight the feasibility and practicality of the targets set in the DFEMPs. It also gave IAPs an opportunity to voice their opinion on socioeconomic issues that they would otherwise not have been able to raise. A drawback from the public participation process was that the comments made by the IAPs were often repetitive which led to generic responses being given and also increased the likelihood of both IAP and developer participation fatigue. There was an agreement by all the interview participants for the need to EMP to be developed as continuous documents through the different phases of the project. Overall, the case study could add valuable input to the environmental management body of knowledge in South Africa.
MT2017
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Schafer, Christopher A. "A force plate for measuring contact forces during dependent transfers onboard aircraft." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29797.
Full textAbstract:
The transfer of air travelers with disabilities between a mobility aid and an
aircraft seat is a major source of injury for both the travelers and the airline
personnel assisting in the transfer. The risk to both parties might be reduced
through the biomechanical study of the transfer task. Such study requires that the
contact forces acting on the body of the rear transferor be known, including the
contact force between the rear transferor and the seat-back. A seat-back mounted
force plate was designed and constructed to accurately measure the magnitude and
the center of pressure location of normal forces applied to the seat-back. This force
plate collects data from four preloaded single component force transducers. The
force transducers are mechanically isolated from shear forces to protect them from
damage. Testing of the force plate found a normal force magnitude accuracy of
0.19 %FS over the 890 Newton (200 lbf) calibrated range. The force plate was
shown to have a horizontal and vertical center of pressure location accuracy of
2.66 and 1.58 millimeters (0.105 and 0.062 inches) RMS respectively over its 343
by 293 millimeter (13.5 by 11.5 inches) measurement range. By measuring forces
that may have otherwise been ignored, the seat-back mounted force plate can
improve the quality of the biomechanical analysis of aircraft transfers.Graduation date: 2005
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Lownes, Nicholas Earl. "The commuter rail circulator network design problem: formulation, solution methods, and applications." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3352.
Full textAbstract:
Commuter rail is increasingly popular as a means to introduce rail transportation to metropolitan transportation systems. The long-term benefits of commuter rail include the addition of capacity to the transportation system, providing a quality commute alternative, and shifting land use toward transit-oriented development patterns. The success of a commuter rail system depends upon cultivating a ridership base upon which to expand and improve the system. Cultivating this ridership is dependent upon offering a quality transportation option to commuters. Characteristics of commuter rail systems in the United States present challenges to offering quality service that must be overcome. Commuter rail has been implemented only on existing rail right-of-way (ROW) and infrastructure (depending upon condition) in the United States. Existing rail ROW does not often coincide with current commercial and residential demand centers and necessitates the use of a circulator system to expand the service boundary of commuter rail to reach these demand centers. The commuter rail circulator network design problem (CRCNDP) addresses a particular aspect of the commuter rail trip, seeking to improve the performance of the entire system through accurately modeling the portion of the trip from rail station to the final destination. This final leg includes both the trip on the circulator vehicle and the walking trip from the circulator stop to the final destination. This dissertation seeks to provide an innovative mathematical programming formulation and solution methodology for the CRCNDP and apply this method to a case study.
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Hill, Samuel Bruce. "Multimodal Transit and a New Civic Architecture." 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/916.
Full textAbstract:
We live in an age defined by the automobile and its infrastructure. This paradigm of movement has shaped how we live our lives, and the urban frameworks we inhabit. Cars as a form of transportation damage the environment and engender unsustainable lifestyles. They also create anti-social spaces with the infrastructure they require, and therefore their success is inverse to that of the pedestrian experience.
I seek to adapt this transit paradigm with a more flexible and resilient multimodal system. My work focuses on reinvigorating a rail line in central Massachusetts and designing a modular station system that can serve as a new kind of civic architecture. The station grows and shrinks between towns of different sizes, and over time. It slots into existing communities with little disruption, and is programmatically fluid and diverse, such that an array of stakeholders become invested in its success. It also presents as a new type of civic architecture; a building that represents a larger system, while also maintaining its place in local communities.
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Tang, Bo. "Pedestrian Protection Using the Integration of V2V Communication and Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking System." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10057.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking System (PAEB) can utilize on-board sensors to detect pedestrians and take safety related actions. However, PAEB system only benefits the individual vehicle and the pedestrians detected by its PAEB. Additionally, due to the range limitations of PAEB sensors and speed limitations of sensory data processing, PAEB system often cannot detect or do not have sufficient time to respond to a potential crash with pedestrians. For further improving pedestrian safety, we proposed the idea for integrating the complimentary capabilities of V2V and PAEB (V2V-PAEB), which allows the vehicles to share the information of pedestrians detected by PAEB system in the V2V network. So a V2V-PAEB enabled vehicle uses not only its on-board sensors of the PAEB system, but also the received V2V messages from other vehicles to detect potential collisions with pedestrians and make better safety related decisions. In this thesis, we discussed the architecture and the information processing stages of the V2V-PAEB system. In addition, a comprehensive Matlab/Simulink based simulation model of the V2V-PAEB system is also developed in PreScan simulation environment. The simulation result shows that this simulation model works properly and the V2V-PAEB system can improve pedestrian safety significantly.
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Solomon, Cleshain Theodore. "Driver attention and behaviour monitoring with the Microsoft Kinect sensor." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21798.
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Modern vehicles are designed to protect occupants in the event of a crash with some vehicles better at this than others. However, passenger protection during an accident has shown to be not enough in many high impact crashes. Statistics have shown that the human error is the number one contributor to road accidents. This research study explores how driver error can be reduced through technology which observes driver behaviour and reacts when certain unwanted patterns in behaviour have been detected. Finally a system that detects driver fatigue and driver distraction has been developed using non-invasive machine vision concepts to monitor observable driver behaviour.Electrical Engineering
M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)